B.9AD: Biomolecules
Cell Structure and Function!
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Biomolecule: Lipid
Biomolecule Reference Sheet!
Lipids are large biomolecules that are nonpolar making them insoluble in water. Common
lipids are fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol. This biomolecule is composed of three basic
elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Fats and oils are large molecules made of glycerol
and fatty acids. There are two types of fatty acids; saturated and unsaturated. Most animal fats
are saturated and are solid at room temperature. Saturated fats contain the maximum number
of hydrogen atoms possible and have a single bond between all the carbon atoms. Most
plant fats are unsaturated and are liquid at room temperature such as oils. Unsaturated fats
have fewer hydrogen atoms and will have double bonds between some of the carbon atoms.
Scientists have been able to isolate these compounds in oils, butters, nuts, and the fruit
avocado. After extensive studies, scientists have found that the ingestion of these compounds
will supply the body with lubrication for its joints, necessary components for the formation of
cell membranes. It is also the body’s secondary source of energy at a rate of !
9 cal/g.