Section 2.9
Name:
Question of the Day
Review of Old Information:
Things You Should Know
1. All organisms have a stable set of internal conditions they must maintain to survive, we
call this ______________________.
2. There are two major types of cells that make up organisms. Organisms made of
______________________ cells have NO nucleus or organelles.
______________________ cells have both a nucleus and organelles.
3. Three organelles found in a plant cell and not an animal cell includes the
_______________, ________________, and _________________.
4. Organelles are found in the cytoplasm of the cell. Organelles function within the cell
much like organs function in our own bodies.
5. The mitochondria helps to produce _______________ within our cells, while the rough
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) helps to transport and make __________________
through the cell. Ribosomes help to produce _________________ in the cell, and the
golgi apparatus helps to modify and _________________ materials to be shipped out
of the cell. Finally, _________________ help to digest old molecules and organelles.
6. Microtubules and microfilaments (cytoskeleton) help with the structure, shape, and
movement of the cell. Some cells have short hair-like structures called __________
that help the cell to move, while others move using whip-like structures called
____________.
7. The cell membrane is referred to as _____________ ______________
because it only allows certain substances to pass through its lipid bilayer.
8. The two major components of the cell membrane are _______________ and
_______________.
9. The fluid mosaic model states that the cell membrane behaves more like a
__________ than a solid.
10.
The cell membrane maintains _______________ by controlling what enters and
leaves the cell.
11.
There are two categories in which materials can be transported across the
membrane: _______________ and _______________ transport.
12.
During _______________ transport materials are naturally moved down the
concentration gradient from a _______ to a _______ concentration.
13.
_______________ transport requires the cell to use ATP (energy) to transport
materials across the membrane. During this process, materials are transported _____
the concentration gradient from a _______________ to a high concentration.
14.
One special type of passive transport is called in _______________, which is
when water is transported across the membrane. In a ________________ solution,
water will move into the cell and in some cases cause cytolysis (the bursting of the
cell). In a ________________ solution, water will leave the cell and cause plasmolysis
(the shriveling of a cell). In _______________ conditions, the cell is in equilibrium.
15.
In ________________, the cell uses active transport to engulf and ingest
materials from outside the cell. In _______________, the contents of a vesicle inside
the cell are released outside of the cell.
PART 1: Class Review
1. Label the three images below as isotonic/ hypertonic/ hypotonic (with regard to the
solution the cell is placed in)
2. Movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy is called
[ active /
passive ] transport.
3. The difference in the concentration of a substance across a space is called a concentration
[ equilibrium / gradient ].
4. If there is a concentration gradient, substances will move from an area of high
concentration to an area of [ equal / low ] concentration.
5. The cell membrane is [ selectively permeable / impermeable ].
6. [ Equilibrium / Diffusion ] is the simplest type of passive transport.
7. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called [ osmosis /
diffusion ].
8. The direction of water movement across the cell membrane depends on the concentration
of free water[ molecules / solutions ].
9. A solution that causes a cell to swell is called a [ hypertonic / hypotonic ] solution.
10. Organelles that collect excess water inside the cell and force water out are called
[
diffusion organelles / contractile vacuoles ]
11. The process of taking material into the cell by infolding the cell membrane is called [
endocytosis / exocytosis ]
12. In [ facilitated / molecular ] diffusion, membrane proteins help molecules across the
membrane.
13. In diffusion, molecules [ spread out / condense ]
14. The lipid bilayer describes [ a type of transport / the cell membrane ]
15. Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient [ with / without
] using the cell's energy
Explain what will happen to cells when placed in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions.
PART II: Individual Review
1. Homeostasis refers to the
a. Organization of cellular structures
b. Stable level of internal conditions in organisms
c. Organized structure of crystals
d. Destruction of tropical rainforests
2. A prokaryote has
a. A nucleus
b. Membrane bound organelles
c. a cell membrane
d. all of the above
3. The major components of cell membranes are
a. Lipids
c. proteins
b. Nucleic acids
d. lipids and proteins
4. The function of the golgi apparatus is to
a. Synthesize proteins
b. Release energy
c. Modify proteins for export
d. Synthesize lipids
5. Mitochondria
a. Transport materials
b. Create energy in the form of ATP
c. Make proteins
d. Control cell division
6. Ribosome’s
a. Transport materials
b. Release energy
c. Make proteins
d. Control cell division
7. The nucleolus is
a. The control center of the cell
b. The storehouse of genetic information
c. The site where ribosome’s are synthesized
d. None of the above
8. Plastids
a. Store pigments
b. Store membranes
c. Synthesize proteins
d. Secrete proteins
9. One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that only
a. Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a cell membrane
b. Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus
c. Eukaryotic cells have genetic information
d. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus
10. The cell membrane
a. Allows all substances to pass into and out of the cell
b. Prevents all substances form passing into and out of the cell
c. Is composed mainly of a protein bilayer
d. Is composed mainly of a lipid bilayer
11. Cells that have a high energy requirement generally have many
a. Nuclei
c. flagella
b. Mitochondria
d. microfilaments
12. Short hair-like organelles that can move and may cover a unicellular organism or line the respiratory
tract are called
a. Chromatin strands
c. cilia
b. Flagella
d. spindle fibers
13. What structure found in the onion cells observed in lab gave the cells their shape
a. Nucleus
b. Cell wall
c. Golgi apparatus
d. Mitochondria
14. Short hair-like organelles that can move and may cover a unicellular organism or line the respiratory tract are called
a. Chromatin strands
c. cilia
b. Flagella
d. spindle fibers
15. This is true of the structure of the plasma membrane:
a. It is a double layer of protein molecules with phospholipid molecules randomly dotted
through it
b. It is single layer of phospholipid molecules
c. It is a double layer of phospholipid molecules with protein molecules dotted in it.
d. It is single layer of protein molecules with phospholipids dotted in it.
16. The fatty acid tail of a phospholipid that helps compose the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is
hydrophobic meaning
a. It thrives in the presence of water
b. It repels (is afraid) water
c. It does not allow any substance into the cell
17. In class when a potato was placed in salt water the potato was in
a. A hypertonic solution
b. A hypotonic solution
c. An isotonic solution
18. In class when a potato was surrounded by fresh water the potato was in
a. A hypertonic solution
b. A hypotonic solution
c. An isotonic solution
Matching: Write the correct letter in the blank after each numbered term.
19. _______Cell
20. _______ER
21. _______Nucleus
22. _______Lysosome
23. _______Nucleotides
a. digests organelles
b. repeating subunits of DNA
c. the basic unit of life
d. stores DNA and produces RNA
e. cell highway, helps make proteins
24. The part of the cell that functions to maintain homeostasis relative to the cells environment is the
a. Cytosol
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Nucleus
d. Cell membrane
25. Ions channels aid in the movement of
a. Molecules up the concentration gradient
b. Carrier proteins within the lipid bilayer
c. Ions across the cell membrane
d. Water across the cell membrane
26. A cell
a.
b.
c.
d.
must expend energy to transport substances using
Cell membrane pumps
Facilitated diffusion
Ion channels
Osmosis
27. Some
a.
b.
c.
d.
cell engulf, digest, and destroy invading bacteria through the process of
Exocytosis
Phagocytosis
Osmosis
Cytolysis
28. Carrier
a.
b.
c.
d.
proteins are important in
Osmosis
Endocytosis
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
29. The two major component of the cell membrane are
a. Proteins and DNA
b. Proteins and Lipids
c. Mitochondria and Lipids
d. Ribosomes and Lysosomes
30. Proteins that cross through the cell membrane are known as
a. Peripheral proteins
b. Integral proteins
c. Phospholipids
d. Hydrophobic
Circle the answer(s) in the first three questions:
42. When the cell USES energy to move substances across its membrane, [passive, active] transport is
occurring.
43. Passive transport moves materials [up, down] the concentration gradient.
44. Active transport move materials across the membrane from a [high, low] to a [ high, low]
concentration.
Match the following TYPES of passive transport with their descriptions:
_____ 45. Diffusion
a. movement of insoluble molecules through carrier proteins
_____ 46. Osmosis
b. molecules (like O and N) move DOWN concentration gradient
_____ 47. Faciltiated Diffusion
c. membrane proteins let molecules (like Na and K ) in and out of cell
_____ 48. Ion Channel Diffusion
d. diffusion of water molecules
+
+
49. If the molecular concentration of a substance is the same inside and outside the cell, the substance
a. has a large concentration gradient.
c. will undergo diffusion.
b. is in equilibrium/homeostasis.
d. will undergo osmosis.
Circle the answer(s) in the questions below:
50. In HYPOTONIC conditions, water will move [ inside, outside ] the cell. This can cause
[ plasmolysis, cytolysis ].
51. In HYPERTONIC conditions, water will move [ inside, outside ] the cell. This can cause
[ plasmolysis, cytolysis ].
Match the following TYPES of active transport with their descriptions:
_____ 52. Endocytosis
a. used to release molecules like proteins from the cell
_____ 53. Exocytosis
b. cells ingest external fluids, macromolecules, and other cells
Activity: Study the information on your daily activities (Section 2.1-2.10). Your Unit 2
test is over 50 points and will account for a large percentage of your grade. It is very
important to take this test seriously, as it can positively or negatively impact your
grade.