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GUIDED READING
CHAPTER 3: THE ECONOMY OF WEST VIRGINIA
Section 1: Basic Economic Concepts
Directions: Use the information from pages 80-89 to complete the following statements.
Introduction
1. An understanding of ______________________ requires an understanding of basic concepts that
play a role in everyday life decisions.
Wants and Needs
2. All people throughout the world have the same basic needs—_____________, ______________,
and __________________.
3. ________________are tangible (touchable) things such as food, clothing, cars, MP3 players, and
DVDs.
4. ________________ are activities people do for a fee.
5. The person or business that makes goods or provides services is known as a ________________.
6. A person who purchases a product or service is known as a __________________.
Resources and Scarcity
7. There are three types of resources—________________, ____________________, and
_________________—needed to produce goods and services.
8. Natural resources include ______________, ______________, and _______________; human
resources are the ________________ who produce goods or provide services; and capital
resources are the _______________ or _________________ used to produce goods and services.
Making Choices
9. A ______________________ occurs when you give up one thing in order to achieve a more
desirable outcome.
10. _________________ is the quantity of a good or service offered for sale; _____________ is the
quantity of a good or service consumers are willing and able to buy.
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11. A _____________ is the amount left after costs are subtracted from the price.
Basic Economic Questions
12. The four basic economic questions are (1) ___________ to produce, (2) __________ to produce;
(3) __________________ to produce, and (4) __________________ to produce.
13. To address the third question—__________________ can they produce?—the students consider
such things as ___________ and __________________.
Economic Systems
14. Economists have identified three basic kinds of economies—______________________,
______________________, and ______________________.
15. In a traditional economy, ________________, __________________, and __________________
determine how the four basic economic questions are answered.
16. In a command economy, the ___________________ controls the economy and answers the four
basic economic questions.
17. In a market economy, ______________________ answer the four basic economic questions
based on _________________ and _________________.
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GUIDED READING
CHAPTER 3: THE ECONOMY OF WEST VIRGINIA
Section 2: West Virginia’s Resources
Directions: Use the information from pages 90-99 to complete the following statements.
Introduction
1. Natural resources are _______________________ (they cannot be replaced by nature once they
are used) or _________________________ (they can replace themselves over time).
Natural Resources
2. The rich limestone-based soil in the eastern panhandle of the Potomac Section supports a large
_____________________, _____________________, and _____________________ economy.
3. The Allegheny Highlands region is the location of major __________-related industries.
4. The Allegheny Plateau region contains __________, ___________, and ___________________.
5. The economy of the Ohio River Valley region is affected by minerals like _______________ and
__________________.
6. The state’s ___________, ______________, and _________________ provide enough water for
commercial and private use.
7. Much of West Virginia’s soil is ________________, ________________, and _____________.
8. ______________ resources are nonrenewable, inorganic substances that were formed by Earth’s
__________________ processes.
9. Coal production in West Virginia amounts to _________ percent of the total coal produced
nationally.
10. Coal is found in ________ of the state’s ___________ counties, but it is mined in only ________
of those counties.
11. Indians followed bison and deer to the _____________________.
12. West Virginia has two types of salt deposits. The northern region of the state contains ________
___________; the central area of the state contains _____________ (a mixture of salt and water).
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13. Long before the arrival of Europeans, Native Americans may have used the “_____________
__________________” and outflows of _____________________ as fuel.
14. About _________ percent of the oil that is produced in West Virginia becomes lubricating oil,
while __________ percent is made into wax and gasoline products.
15. The only oil refinery in West Virginia is located in ____________ in the __________________
panhandle.
16. West Virginia is the leading producer of _____________________ east of the Mississippi River.
17. ______________________ is the largest consumer of West Virginia’s natural gas, and about
___________________ of the state’s households use natural gas as their main energy source.
18. ________________________ actually accounted for nearly 50 percent of the value of West
Virginia’s total nonfuel mineral production in 2005.
Biological Resources
19. Biological resources are plants and animals, also called ____________ and ____________.
20. West Virginia has __________ state forests covering more than _____________ acres.
21. West Virginia hardwoods are in great demand by _______________ manufacturers.
22. _____________________ can include dead trees, tree branches, wood chips, bark, and sawdust.
23. West Virginia provides a home to some ____________ species of animals, the largest of which
are the _________________________ and the _________________________.
24. Fishing is popular in West Virginia for ___________ as well as for _____________.
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GUIDED READING
CHAPTER 3: THE ECONOMY OF WEST VIRGINIA
Section 3: West Virginia’s Early Industries
Directions: Use the information from pages 100-120 to complete the following statements.
Introduction
1. Industry refers to the _________________, _________________, and _____________ of goods.
2. The first pioneer industries were _______________industries, industries that started in the home.
The Salt Industry
3. _________ was the first major industry to develop in western Virginia.
4. During the wars of the early 1800s, _____________________________ controlled the seas, and
the United States could not get foreign salt.
5. By 1827, the saltworks at __________________ and _________________ and the wells in
_____________ County were producing 20 percent of the domestic salt.
The Iron Industry
6. Because _________ products weighed so much, it was difficult to transport many of them over
the mountains.
7. The first major iron furnace in present-day West Virginia was built around the year __________
on land owned by __________________________.
8. Wheeling was nicknamed “________________.” Today, _______________________________
is the country’s largest producer of cut nails.
The Steel Industry
9. During the 19th century, the state’s iron industry converted to the production of _____________.
10. Coal from ________________________ and iron ore from ___________________ were brought
together in the northern panhandle, making ___________________ and ____________________
major steel-producing cities.
11. In 2004, Weirton Steel was purchased by ___________, a Dutch company. In 2006, __________
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took over Arcelor Steel, and the merger made ____________________________ the largest steel
company in the world.
The Timber Industry
12. Sawmills cut railroad ______________, boards for ___________ and ______________, lumber
for ______________, and material for _____________. Bark was used to tan _________.
13. The early timber barons cut the forests without thinking of the _______________.
14. Since the 1950s, the timber and wood products industry has made a _____________, which has
come as a result of a new awareness of the value of _____________________.
The Farming Industry
15. Many farmers in early western Virginia were _________________ farmers, meaning that they
raised only enough crops to feed their _________________.
16. The first cash crops were _________________, _________________, and _________________.
17. West Virginia farmers are moving toward __________________, which is an activity that takes
place on a working farm for public recreation or education.
The Coal Industry
18. Coal mined in West Virginia is _________________ (soft) coal, best used for making ________.
19. John Peter Salling mentioned coal in his report in the ________ exploration of western Virginia,
but coal was not used as a fuel until the beginning of the __________________ Revolution.
20. After the ____________ War, the coal mining industry increased rapidly.
The Natural Gas and Petroleum Industry
21. William P. and John Rathbone struck oil while they were drilling _________ wells in the area
around ______________________________.
22. The first oil pipeline was constructed between ______________ and _______________ in 1879.
23. Around 1900, drillers began to realize the value of _____________________________ for glass
production as well as for lighting.
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The Glass Industry
24. Glassmaking came to America with the first settlers at ________________ in the year ________.
25. West Virginia has beds of clean, pure glass sand that is rich in _______________.
26. Glassmaking in West Virginia has taken two directions: one method is the creation of ________
_________ glass; the second method involves _________________ factories.
The Chemical Industry
27. The chemical industry began in West Virginia during ___________________________.
28. West Virginia has a limited supply of the sixth element needed in the chemical industry,
_______________, but it is available in neighboring states.
29. _______________________ established its first West Virginia plant at Alloy in the late 1800s. It
remained a presence in the state until 2001, when ______ purchased it for more than $11 billion.
The Electrical Power Industry
30. One of the newest industries in West Virginia is the ___________________-producing industry.
31. ________ is the fuel for more than 99 percent of the electrical power generated in West Virginia.
32. West Virginia has consistently been a leading _______________ of electricity.
West Virginia Portraits: David Ruffner
33. David Ruffner’s father sold his land in Virginia and moved the family to the _____________
Valley in 1796. Their property included a __________ spring on the Kanawha River.
34. By 1817, the two brothers (David and Joseph Ruffner) were operating ________________ wells,
which produced _________________ bushels of salt annually.
Special Feature: Oil and Gas Museum
35. The Oil and Gas Museum, located at ___________ Park in Parkersburg, also sponsors a five-acre
Memorial Park near _____________________________.
36. The old ___________________ well, located in Memorial Park, is the oldest, although not
continuously producing, well in the United States.
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