The Peopling of the World Human Origins in __________________ ​___________________ & Anthropologists continue to search for evidence of early humans.
○ _________________ - human-made objects, such as tools and jewlery.
○ _________________ - a people’s unique way of life.
The Three Components of Culture: ________________
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Evidence of early humans found!
○ __________________ - found a human footprint dating back 3.6 million years!
○ David Johanson - found “________” an early hominid dating back 3.5 million years!
This evidence provided insight to the past
○ As early as 3.6 million years ago, hominids walked ____________.
○ They had also developed the _______________________.
○ They were very similar to modern humans - but were called __________________________.
○ The opposable thumb allowed for the making of __________. This led to the Old Stone Age.
_____________: humans and other creatures that walk upright.
The Old Stone Age or the ________________ AGE lasted from 2.5m years ago to 8000 BC
The New Stone Age or the _________________ AGE lasted from 8000 BC to around 3000 BC
There used to be more than one species of “human”!
○ _________________________ were the first to walk upright.
○ _________________________ were the first to make stone tools
○ _________________________ were the first to use TECHNOLOGY - ways of applying tools,
knowledge, and inventions to meet their needs. Homo erectus were also the first to use fire
and to migrate out of Africa to other parts of the world.
○ _________________________ - “modern” humans - Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons.
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We are NOT descendants of Neanderthals. They are a different species than we are.
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Neanderthals were the first to have _____________________
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Cro-Magnons were the first to create art - we are descendants of the ______________!
Cro-Magnons
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Superior hunting strategies to _________________________.
○ ______________ their hunts
○ Studied animal _____________ and stalked their prey
Superior ______________ language to Neanderthals.
○ Able to plan other difficult projects as well in addition to hunting.
New Findings
○ New fossils discovered in Africa date back to 6 -7 million years ago.
○ In 1996 a Neanderthal ___________ was discovered. Neanderthals played _______________!
○ Cave paintings give us a view into the lives of people as long ago as 35,000 years.
Humans Try to Control Nature
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For tens of thousands of years early humans were ______________.
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___________ - highly mobile people who moved from place to place foraging for new
sources of food.
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We called these people hunter-gatherers
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______________________ - nomadic groups who hunted animals and gathered plants
for food.
These nomadic hunter-gatherer groups created tools to help them
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__________ for hunting
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__________ for digging
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__________ for fishing
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They used stone, bone, and wood to make more than 100 different tools
Early people also created ____________ and _________
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Made necklaces and beads from _________, __________, and ___________
■ Created _____________ and _____________ - paint made from mud and animal blood
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The _________________ Revolution or _________________ Revolution
● Believed to be started accidentally by people dropping _________ on the
ground that _____________.
● When they returned to their campsite the next season they had crops!
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How did the Neolithic/Agricultural Revolution start?
● Possibly due to _____________________. Warmer temperatures mean longer
growing seasons.
● A rich supply of grain helped the population boom
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Impact on society
● The Neolithic/Agricultural Revolution allowed for ___________________
population growth.
● It offered an alternative to _______________________________ as the only
source of food for the community.
● _____________________ FARMING - groups would burn an area to the ground,
the ashes would fertilize the soil, they’d cultivate the land for a couple of years,
and then move on to another area and repeat.
○ Not a good method. Basically nomadic farming. Most abandoned this
practice quickly.
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Farming spurred the interest in the ____________________ or taming of animals.
● The first animals to be tamed were ____________, ________, _________,
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Nomads also learned the art of domestication.
● Domesticated _________ and __________
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May have also happened by accident
● May have cornered a herd of animals and then corralled them.
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Domestication of animals also helped provide a steady source of ____________.
● Animals could easily be killed for food without spending all day ____________.
● People ________ the animals to keep the herd numbers up.
● The steady supply of __________ from animals and crops from farming meant
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that the hunter-gatherer lifestyle of early humans was becoming obsolete.
________________ Agricultural Revolutions happened in various parts of the world.
There was not just one big one that happened everywhere all at once...happened at
____________ ___________.
This led to the development of __________________.
● People stopped the nomadic lifestyle and began making
________________________________________.
___________ ___________ - agricultural village
● Present day _____________ near a twin-coned volcano
● Appx 5000 to 6000 people lived in 1000 brick, rectangular ______________
● Wealth came from ____________ - a dark volcanic rock that looks like glass
● Although these people experienced hardships, most lived fulfilling lives and
had time for art and leisure activities in between farming and herding animals.
Civilization
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As more and more people moved into permanent villages, the villages began to ______________.
○ The change from nomadic ways of life to agriculturally sustained cities was very
___________.
The development of new ____________ aided in their ability to sustain more people.
○ Elaborate ______________ systems. More ___________.
○ This allowed for a food _____________. This allowed some people to pursue ______________
in other skills.
○ People became craftsmen and traders - development of ________________!
○ This led to the development of two very important inventions: the __________ and the _____.
Social and Political Changes:
○ __________ systems - wealthy and poor, nobles and commoners, clerics, teachers, etc...
○ _________________ system - someone has to be in charge
○ Organized _______________ emerged - people had to explain the things around them.
__________________- A complex culture with 5 characteristics
○ Advanced ___________
○ Specialized _____________
○ Complex ___________________
○ ____________ _______________
○ Advanced ____________________
The first civilization arose in ______________
○ Sumer was in ___________________________ which is in present-day _________
○ Sumer had many artisans and other specialized workers
○ Sumerians had complex government and religious institutions
○ Sumerians had a system of writing and professional record keepers
○ Sumerians took the world into the _________________ with new and improved technology.
_____ was one of the earliest cities in the Sumerian civilization
Social classes, priests and priestesses, government
Agricultural society with cultivated fields and herds of animals
Lots of shops and artisans.
Most houses were windowless boxes, but some wealthy families lived in 2 story houses with an inner
courtyard.
They had an army.
They had thriving trade where people would ___________ for goods
They had religion - giant _____________ as temples to the ____________ - made animal sacrifices
and conducted worship ceremonies.
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Create a ziggurat! In the next lesson we will see what one looks like. Let’s see if your prediction is correct!
Check for Understanding:
1. Modern Humans are descended from Neanderthals: T or F
2. Modern Humans are descended from Cro-Magnons: Tor F
3. Old Stone Age = _____________________ Age
4. New Stone Age = ____________________ Age
5. What was one of the first animals to be domesticated? _________________
6. The Agricultural Revolution happened everywhere at the same time: T or F
7. Organized religion and complex government/institutions are characteristics of a civilization: T or F
8. Where was the first civilization? ___________________
9. Name a city within that civilization: ______________
10. This civilization had temples to the gods called _________________
11. I feel like I learned something new from this lesson that I did not already know: T or F
12. I feel that this lesson was: Boring Useful Interesting Unnecessary Good Bad Eh….
You do NOT have to answer T for question 11. This helps me know what you know and don’t know. Telling
me you didn’t learn anything new is okay. Maybe you already know about Sumer from watching the History
Channel! For question 12 please circle all that you feel apply. This will help me understand your unique
learning style. Please answer questions 11 and 12 honestly. Thank you for your feedback.