UNIT 6: INORGANIC NOMENCLATURE
±1
Hydrogen
Hidrógeno
(H)
+1
Oxidation numbers
Name in English
Name in Spanish
(Symbol)
Irregular root in Spanish, if it exists
+2
+2, +3
Lithium
Litio
(Li)
Beryllium
Berilio
(Be)
Sodium
Sodio
(Na)
Magnesium
Magnesio
(Mg)
Potassium
Potasio
(K)
Calcium
Calcio
(Ca)
Rubidium
Rubidio
(Rb)
Strontium
Estroncio
(Sr)
Silicon
Silicio
(Si)
Caesium
Cesio
(Cs)
Barium
Bario
(Ba)
+2, +4
Francium
Francio
(Fr)
Radium
Radio
(Ra)
Silver
Plata
(Ag)
Argent-
Zinc
Cinc
(Zn)
+1, +2
+2, +4
+2, +3, +6
Iron
Hierro
(Fe)
Ferr-
Copper
Cobre
(Cu)
Cupr-
Palladium
Paladio
(Pd)
Chromium
Cromo
(Cr)
Cobalt
Cobalto
(Co)
Mercury
Mercurio
(Hg)
Platinum
Platino
(Pt)
+2, ±4
Carbon
Carbono
(C)
Nickel
Níquel
(Ni)
±4
Germanium
Germanio
(Ge)
Tin
Estaño
(Sn)
EstannLead
Plomo
(Pb)
Plumb-
Cadmium
Cadmio
(Cd)
+3, -3
Boron
Boro
(B)
+1, +3
Gold
Oro
(Au)
Aur-
+1, ±3, +5
Nitrogen
Nitrógeno
(N)
+3
Aluminium
Aluminio
(Al)
Phosphorus
Fósforo
(P)
±3, +5
Arsenic
Arsénico
(As)
Gallium
Galio
(Ga)
Antimony
Antimonio
(Sb)
+1, +3
Indium
Indio
(In)
+2, +3, +4, +6,
+7
Manganese
Manganeso
(Mn)
+3, +5
Bisumth
Bismuto
(Bi)
Thallium
Talio
(Tl)
1
+2, +4
Nitrogen
Nitrógeno
(N)
[only in
stoichiometric]
-1, ±2
Oxygen
Oxígeno
(O)
-1
Fluorine
Flúor
(F)
±2, +4, +6
Sulphur
Azufre
(S)
±1, +3, +5, +7
Chlorine
Cloro
(Cl)
Selenium
Selenio
(Se)
Bromine
Bromo
(Br)
Tellurium
Teluro
(Te)
Iodine
Yodo
(I)
+2, +4
Polonium
Polonio
(Po)
Astatine
Astato
(At)
OXIDES
Metal oxides
They are compounds formed by a metal and oxygen, in which the oxygen has an
oxidation number of –2 and the metal has a positive oxidation number.
How are they formed?
 Oxidation numbers are switched and written as subscripts:
Fe(3+) + O(-2) → Fe2O3
 If we can, we simplify:
Mg(2+) + O(-2) → Mg2O2 → MgO
How do we know the oxidation number of the metal if we have the formula?
 The addition of the oxidation number of the two elements must be 0.
FeO: x + (-2) = 0 → x=+2→ the oxidation number of Fe is +2.
Na2O→ x∙2 + (-2)=0 → x=+1 → the oxidation number of Na is +1.
How are metal oxides named? There are three different nomenclatures:
 Stock´s nomenclature: it is formed by two words. The first word is the name of
the metal, followed immediately by its oxidation number between brackets and
in Roman numerals. If the oxidation number of the metal is invariable, it is not
indicated. The second word is the word “oxide”.
FeO: iron (II) oxide
óxido de hierro (II)
Fe2 O3: iron (III) oxide
óxido de hierro (III)
Na2O: sodium oxide
óxido de sodio
MgO: magnesium oxide
óxido de magnesio
 Stoichiometric nomenclature: it is formed by two words. The first word is the
name of the metal with a Greek prefix that shows us the number of atoms of the
metal. The second word is the word "oxide" with a Greek prefix that shows us
the number of atoms of oxygen.
The Greek prefixes are:
1. Mono2. Di3. Tri4. Tetra5. Penta6. Hexa7. HeptaMono- is omitted in the metal.
Na2O: disodium monoxide monóxido de disodio
MgO: magnesium monoxide monóxido de magnesio
FeO: iron monoxide
monóxido de hierro
Fe2 O3: diiron trioxide
trióxido de dihierro
 Traditional nomenclature: it is formed by two words. The first word is the root
of the metal with a suffix (and sometimes also a prefix) that shows us the
oxidation number of the metal. The second word is the word "oxide". The
prefixes and suffixes that we use are:
-If the metal has only one oxidation number: -ic; it can be omitted.
-If the metal has two oxidations numbers: -ous for the smallest one and -ic for the
biggest one.
-If the metal has three oxidation numbers: hypo- -ous for the smallest one, -ous for
the middle one and -ic for the biggest one.
-If the metal has four oxidation numbers: hypo-ous for the smallest one, -ous for
the middle smallest one, -ic for the middle biggest one and per- -ic for the biggest
one.
For metals we are only going to study it in Spanish.
Na2O: óxido sódico u óxido de sodio
MgO: óxido magnésico o de magnesio
FeO: óxido ferroso
Fe2 O3: óxido férrico
2
Non-metal oxides
They are compounds formed by a non-metal and oxygen, in which the oxygen has an
oxidation number of –2 and the non-metal has a positive oxidation number. They are
named the same way as metal oxides.
 Stock´s nomenclature
Cl2O: chlorine (I) oxide
óxido de cloro (I)
Cl2O3: chlorine (III) oxide
óxido de cloro (III)
Cl2O5: chlorine (V) oxide
óxido de cloro (V)
Cl2O7: chlorine (VII) oxide
óxido de cloro (VII)
 Stoichiometric nomenclature
Cl2O: dichlorine monoxide
monóxido de dicloro
Cl2O3: dichlorine trioxide
trióxido de dicloro
Cl2O5: dichlorine pentaoxide
pentaóxido de dicloro
Cl2O7: dichlorine heptaoxide
heptaóxido de dicloro
 Traditional nomenclature
Cl2O: hypochlorous oxide
óxido hipocloroso
Cl2O3: chlorous oxide
óxido cloroso
Cl2O5: chloric oxide
óxido clórico
Cl2O7: perchloric oxide
óxido perclórico
Exercises of metal and non metal oxides
1. Write the name of the following metal and non metal oxides using all the
nomenclatures we have studied:
Li2O
CaO
Ga2O3
Au2O
BaO
Mn2O 3
Cu2O
CuO
Au2O3
Al2 O3
SiO2
Rb2O
RaO
Hg2O
HgO
SO
SO2
SO3
Br2O7
Br2O5
Br2O3
Br2O
P2O3
P2O5
CO
CO2
N2O3
N2O5
As2O3
As2O5
2. Write the formula of the following metal and non metal oxides:
Zinc oxide
Silver oxide
Nickel (II) oxide
Chromium (III) oxide
Manganese (II) oxide
Lead (II) oxide
Lead (IV) oxide
Cadmium oxide
Nickel (III) oxide
Diiodine monoxide
Diantimony pentaoxide
Diiodine pentaoxide
Periodic oxide
Tellurium dioxide
Selenium trioxide
Cobaltous oxide
Cobaltic oxide
Hypotellurous oxide
3
PEROXIDES
They are formed by metals from groups 1, 2, 11 and 12 of the periodic table (which
have a positive oxidation number) and ion O 22-. In order to formulate them you can
consider the ion O22- as a single atom with -2 as oxidation number. This way, peroxides
follow the same rules as all the compounds you have studied so far (you switch the
oxidation numbers and write them as subscripts and you simplify if it is necessary, but
be careful, because ion O22- can´t be simplified). For example:
K+ + O22-  K2 O2
Ba2+ + O22-  Ba2(O2)2  BaO2
 Stoichiometric nomenclature: you name them with the name of the metal
followed by the word “oxide”. Both the name of the metal and the word “oxide”
are preceded by numeral prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta...)
which indicate their subscripts.
K2O2 : potassium dioxide
dióxido de dipotasio
BaO2: barium dioxide
dióxido de bario
Cu2O2: dicopper dioxide
dióxido de dicobre
 Stock nomenclature: they are named by the name of the metal followed by the
word “peroxide”. Between the name of the metal and the word “peroxide” you
have to write the oxidation number of the metal in brackets and in Roman
numerals (it is omitted if it is unique).
K2O2 : potassium peroxide peróxido de potasio
BaO2: barium peroxide
peróxido de bario
Cu2O2: copper (I) peroxide peróxido de cobre (I)
 Traditional nomenclature: you name them with the root of the metal which has
suffixes (and sometimes also prefixes) which indicate its oxidation number
followed by the word “peroxide”. The prefixes and suffixes that you use are the
same ones you have been using in traditional nomenclature for other
compounds.
K2O2 : peróxido potásico o peróxido de potasio
BaO2: peróxido bárico o peróxido de bario
Cu2O2: peróxido cuproso
A well known peroxide is hydrogen peroxide: H 2O 2 (agua oxigenada o peróxido de
hidrógeno).
3. Write the formula of the following compounds:
a) calcium peroxide
b) lithium peroxide
c) copper (II) peroxide
d) copper (I) peroxide
e) cadmium peroxide
f) dimercury dioxide
4. Name the following compounds using the three nomenclatures we have studied:
a) Na2O2
b) MgO 2
c) ZnO2
d) Rb2O2
e) SrO2
f) Cs2O2
4
COMPOUNDS WITH HYDROGEN
Metal hydrides
Metal hydrides are compounds formed by a metal with a positive oxidation number and
hydrogen with an oxidation number of –1.
How are they named?
 Stock nomenclature: we write the name of the metal followed by its oxidation
number in brackets and in Roman numerals -it is omitted if it is unique-. Then,
we write the word “hydride”.
FeH 3: iron (III) hydride
hidruro de hierro (III)
FeH 2: iron (II) hydride
hidruro de hierro (II)
LiH: lithium hydride
hidruro de litio
 Stoichiometric nomenclature: we write the name of the metal and the word
hydride, each word preceded by a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-...) which
indicates the subscript in the formula.
FeH 3: iron trihydride
trihidruro de hierro
FeH 2: iron dihydride
dihidruro de hierro
LiH: lithium monohydride monohidruro de litio
 Traditional nomenclature: you name them with the root of the metal using
suffixes (and sometimes also prefixes) which indicate its oxidation number (the
same ones as in oxides).
FeH 3: hidruro férrico
FeH 2: hidruro ferroso
LiH: hidruro lítico o hidruro de litio
Non metal hydrides
They are formed and named the same way as metal hydrides.
NH3: nitrogen (III) hydride or nitrogen trihydride
hidruro de nitrógeno (III) o trihidruro de nitrógeno
But, oh, wait, no one uses these names.
These are the common names for these compounds:
BH3
Borane
Borano
NH3
Ammonia
Amoniaco
PH3
Phosphine
Fosfina
AsH3
Arsine
Arsina
SbH3
Stibine
Estibina
CH4
Methane
Metano
SiH4
Silane
LEARN THIS TABLE BY HEART
Silano
5
Hydrogen + non metal (F, Cl, Br, I, S, Se, Te)
In this case the hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 and the non metal has a
negative oxidation number. The non metals are F, Cl, Br and I (oxidation number=-1)
and S, Se and Te (oxidation number=-2)
They are identified by the word “hydrogen” followed by the root of the non metal
ending in -ide.
HF: hydrogen fluoride
fluoruro de hidrógeno
HCl: hydrogen chloride
cloruro de hidrógeno
HBr: hydrogen bromide
bromuro de hidrógeno
HI: hydrogen iodide
yoduro de hidrógeno
H2S: hydrogen sulphide
sulfuro de hidrógeno
H2Se: hydrogen selenide
seleniuro de hidrógeno
H2Te: hydrogen telluride
telururo de hidrógeno
When they are in an aqueous solution they are named in a different way:
HF (aq): hydrofluoric acid
ácido fluorhídrico
HCl (aq): hydrochloric acid
ácido clorhídrico
HBr (aq): hydrobromic acid
ácido bromhídrico
HI (aq): hydroiodic acid
ácido yodhídrico
H2S (aq): hydrosulphuric acid
ácido sulfhídrico
H2Se (aq): hydroselenic acid
ácido selenhídrico
H2Te (aq): hydrotelluric acid
ácido telurhídrico
As you can see, their names are given following this structure:
hydro + root of the non metal + -ic + acid
Exercises
5. Write the formula of the following compounds:
a) Beryllium hydride
b) Nickel (III) hydride
c) Zinc hydride
d) Phosphine
e) Sodium hydride
f) Hydrofluoric acid
g) Hydrogen fluoride
h) Calcium dihydride
i) Gold (III) hydride
j) Cobalt (II) hydride
k) Strontium hydride
l) Aluminium hydride
m) Tin (II) hydride
n) Lead (II) hydride
o) Lead (IV) hydride
6. Name the following compounds in all the nomenclatures we have studied:
a) HCl
b) HCl (aq)
c) MgH2
d) AlH3
e) CuH
f) CuH2
g) H2 Se
h) AuH
i) BaH2
j) FrH
k) AgH
l) SnH4
m) NH 3
n) HF
o) H2Te
6
METAL-NON METAL COMPOUNDS
Metal-non metal compounds (the non metal being neither O nor H)
They are formed by a metal, with a positive oxidation number, and a non-metal, with a
negative oxidation number.
There are two rules for writing the formula of these compounds correctly:
 Oxidation numbers are switched and written as subscripts.
Fe(3+) + S(2-) → Fe2 S3
 We simplify the subscripts if we can.
Fe(2+) + S(2-) → Fe2 S2 → FeS
Notice that non-metals usually have several oxidation numbers but only one of these
oxidation numbers is negative. Therefore, in these compounds non-metals act only with
one oxidation number:
F, Cl, Br, I: -1
S, Se, Te: -2
N, P, As, Sb: -3
How do we name them?
 Stock nomenclature: we write the name of the metal followed by its oxidation
number, in brackets and in Roman numerals -it is omitted if the oxidation
number is unique-. Then, we write the root of the non-metal ending in -ide.
Fe2 S3: Iron (III) sulphide
Sulfuro de hierro (III)
FeS: Iron (II) sulphide
Sulfuro de hierro (II)
 Stoichiometric nomenclature: we write the name of the metal with a prefix that
indicates its subscript. Then, we write the root of the non metal ending in -ide,
also with a prefix that indicates its subscript.
Fe2 S3: Diiron trisulphide
Trisulfuro de dihierro
FeS: Iron monosulphide
Monosulfuro de hierro
 Traditional nomenclature: we write the root of the metal with a suffix
(sometimes we need also a prefix) that indicates its oxidation number. Then, we
write the root of the non metal ending in -ide. The prefixes and suffixes that we
use are the same as in the other compounds we have studied.
Fe2 S3: Sulfuro férrico
FeS: Sulfuro ferroso
Non metal-non metal compounds (the two non metals being neither O nor H)
They are formed by a non metal with a positive oxidation number and a non metal with
a negative oxidation number. The non metal with the positive oxidation number is
written first.
They are formed and named the same way metal-non metal compounds are formed and
named.
Stoichiometric
Stock
PCl3
Phosforus trichloride
Tricloruro de fósforo
Phosphorus (III)
Phosphorous chloride
chloride
Cloruro fosforoso
Cloruro de fósforo (III)
AsBr5
Arsenic pentabromide
Pentabromuro de
arsénico
Arsenic (V) bromide
Bromuro de arsénico
(V)
7
Traditional
Arsenic bromide
Bromuro arsénico
Exercises
7. Name these compounds using all the nomenclatures we have studied:
a) FeI2
b) CoI3
c) NaF
d) CaF2
e) Au2 S3
f) AlCl3
g) CBr4
h) IF7
i) MnP
j) BI3
k) AsF5
l) SbBr3
m) CuI2
n) CuI
o) HgS
p) Hg2S
q) HgCl2
r) HgCl
8. Write the formula of these compounds:
a) Gold (III) chloride
b) Gold (I) bromide
d) Bromine pentafluoride
e) Trisilicon tetranitride
g) Silver sulphide
h) Barium chloride
j) Sulphurous fluoride
k) Radium telluride
m) Magnesium bromide
n) Copper (I) telluride
p) Chloric nitride
q) Hyposulphurous fluoride
8
c) Tin (II) fluoride
f) Sulphur hexafluoride
i) Chromium (III) selenide
l) Carbon tetrachloride
o) Copper (II) telluride
r) Sulphuric chloride
Hydroxides
They are formed by a metal with a positive oxidation number and the group OH -. To
formulate them, you can consider that the group OH - is only one element with the
oxidation number -1. This way, you just switch the oxidation numbers and write them as
subscripts.
The way to name them follows the same rules as in other compounds you have already
studied:
Compound
Stock
Stoichiometric
Traditional
Na+ + OH- → NaOH
Sodium hydroxide
Hidróxido de sodio
Sodium
monohydroxide
Monohidróxido de
sodio
Hidróxido sódico o
Hidróxido de sodio
Ca2+ + OH - →
Ca(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide
Hidróxido de calcio
Calcium dihydroxide
Dihidróxido de calcio
Hidróxido cálcico o
Hidróxido de calcio
Cu+ + OH- → CuOH
Copper (I) hydroxide
Hidróxido de cobre (I)
Copper monohydroxide Monohidróxido de
Hidróxido cuproso
cobre
Cu2+ + OH - →
Cu(OH)2
Copper (II) hydroxide Copper dihydroxide
Hidróxido de cobre (II) Dihidróxido de cobre Hidróxido cúprico
Exercises
9. Name the following compounds using all the nomenclatures we have studied:
a) Fe(OH)3
b) Fe(OH)2
c) Co(OH) 3
d) Co(OH)2
e) Ni(OH)3
f) Ni(OH)2
g) Be(OH) 2
h) LiOH
i) Sn(OH)2
j) Sn(OH)4
k) Pt(OH)2
l) Pt(OH)4
10. Write the formula of the following compounds:
a) Aluminium trihydroxide
b) Gold trihydroxide
c) Gold monohydroxide
d) Lead dihydroxide
e) Lead tetrahydroxide
f) Manganese (II) hydroxide
g) Manganese (III) hydroxide
h) Beryllium hydroxide
i) Silver hydroxide
j) Zinc hydroxide
k) Francium hydroxide
l) Potassium hydroxide
9
OXYACIDS
These are compounds with the following general formula:
HaXbOc
where
 X is a non metal with a positive oxidation number. X can also be a transition
metal with a high oxidation number, such as Cr(+6), Mn (+4), Mn(+6) or
Mn(+7).
 H has an oxidation number of +1.
 O has an oxidation number of -2.
How do we know the oxidation number of X?
To know the oxidation number of X, remember that the addition of all the oxidation
numbers must be 0. For example:
H2SO4: (+1)∙2 + x + (-2)∙4=0 → x=+6 → S has an oxidation number of +6
How are they formed?
They are obtained by adding one molecule of water to an oxide. For example, if we
want to form the oxyacid of S in which it has an oxidation number of +6 we follow the
following steps:
 We form the oxide.
S2O6 → SO 3 (sulphuric oxide)
 We add a molecule of water (the molecule we obtain is simplified if necessary).
SO3 + H2O → H 2SO4 (sulphuric acid)
Let´s see another example. Let´s form the oxyacid of Cl in which this element has an
oxidation number of +3:
 We form the oxide: Cl2O3 (chlorous oxide)
 We add one molecule of water and in this case we will need to simplify:
Cl2O3 + H2O → H2Cl2O4 → HClO2 (chlorous acid)
How are they named?
Root of X with suffixes and prefixes which indicate its oxidation number + “acid”
The suffixes and prefixes used are:
1. If X has 1 oxidation number:
-ic
2. If X has 2 oxidation numbers:
-ous for the smallest one
-ic for the biggest one
3. If X has 3 oxidation numbers:
hypo- -ous for the smallest one
-ous for the middle one
-ic for the biggest one
4. If X has 4 oxidation numbers:
hypo- -ous for the smallest one
-ous for the middle smallest one
-ic for the middle biggest one
per- -ic for the biggest one
10
Let´s see some examples:
 S has +2, +4 and +6 as oxidation numbers.
In H2 SO4, S has an oxidation number of +6 (the biggest one), so H 2 SO4 is sulphuric acid
(ácido sulfúrico).
 Cl has +1, +3, +5 and +7 as oxidation numbers.
In HClO2, Cl has an oxidation number of +3 (the middle smallest one), so HClO 2 is
chlorous acid (ácido cloroso).
 In HBrO4, Br has an oxidation number of +7 (Br has 4 oxidation numbers and
+7 is the biggest one), so HBrO4 is perbromic acid (ácido perbrómico).
 In HIO, I has an oxidation number of +1 (I has 4 oxidation numbers and +1 is
the smallest one), so HIO is hypoiodous acid (ácido hipoyodoso).
Exercises
11. Write the formula of the following oxyacids:
a) perchloric acid
b) sulphurous acid
c) nitric acid
d) nitrous acid
e) carbonic acid
f) chloric acid
g) tellurous acid
h) selenic acid
i) hypotellurous acid
12. Write the name of the following oxyacids:
a) HBrO
b) H2 SeO3
c) HIO 4
d) H2 SO2
e) H2TeO4
f) HBrO3
g) HNO
i) HClO
Notice that all the oxyacids that can be formed have the following formulas:
Oxidation Number of X
Oxyacid
Oxidation number of X
Oxyacid
1→
HXO
-
-
3→
HXO2
2→
H2XO2
5→
HXO3
4→
H2XO3
7→
HXO4
6→
H2XO4
11
OXYSALTS
They are formed from an oxyacid, replacing the H by a metal. They are named with the
following changes in the suffixes:
 -ic is transformed to -ate
 -ous is transformed to -ite
H2SO4=sulphuric acid (ácido sulfúrico) (oxyacid)→
→ after losing 2H+: SO4 2- (anion sulphate)
→Na2SO4=sodium sulphate (sulfato de sodio o sulfato sódico) (oxysalt)
→CaSO4=calcium sulphate (sulfato de calcio o sulfato cálcico) (oxysalt)
→FeSO4=Iron (II) sulphate (sulfato de hierro (II) o sulfato ferroso) (oxysalt)
→Fe2(SO 4)3=Iron (III) sulphate
(sulfato de hierro (III) o sulfato férrico) (oxysalt)
HNO=hyponitrous acid (ácido hiponitroso) (oxyacid)→
→ after losing H+:NO- (anion hyponitrite)
→NaNO=sodium hyponitrite
(hiponitrito de sodio o hiponitrito sódico) (oxysalt)
→Ca(NO)2=calcium hyponitrite
(hiponitrito de calcio o hiponitrito cálcico) (oxysalt)
Fe(NO)2=iron (II) hyponitrite
(hiponitrito de hierro (II) o hiponitrito ferroso) (oxysalt)
Fe(NO)3=iron (III) hyponitrite
(hiponitrito de hierro (III) o hiponitrito férrico) (oxysalt)
Exercises
13. Name the following oxysalts:
a) KIO 4
b) Na2 SO3
c) CaCO3
d) ZnSeO4
e) Al(ClO3 )3
f) KBrO4
g) AgNO3
h) Al2(SO 4)3
i) NiSO2
j) LiNO 3
k) Ca(IO4)2
l) MgSeO3
14. Write the formula of the following oxysalts:
a) Calcium perbromate
b) Copper (II) nitrate
c) Copper (I) sulphite
d) Nickel (II) bromite
e) Nickel (III) iodite
f) Beryllium hypochlorite
g) Potassium carbonate
h) Silver sulphate
i) Silver sulphite
j) Silver hyposulphite
k) Cobalt (II) selenate
l) Cobalt (III) selenate
12
Oxyacids: special cases
Ortho- oxyacids
When you name the oxyacids of P, As and Sb, you have to add 3 molecules of H 2O to
the oxide, not one. For example, to formulate phosphoric acid (ácido fosfórico):
 P has three oxidation numbers, +1, +3 and +5. As the ending of “phosphoric” is ic, it has +5 as its oxidation number.
 You formulate the oxide: P 2O5 (phosphoric oxide)
 You add 3 molecules of water: P2O5 + 3H2O → H6 P2O8
 In this case, simplifying is necessary: H 6 P2O8 → H3 PO4 .
If you want to name the oxyacids of P, As and Sb in which you add only one molecule
of H2O, you have to write the prefix meta-. For example:
P2O5 + H2 O → H2P2O 6 → HPO3 metaphosphoric acid (ácido metafosfórico)
In other elements (those which are not P, As and Sb), if you want to name the oxyacids
in which you have added 3 molecules of H 2O to the oxide, you have to write the prefix
ortho-. For example, orthosulfuric acid is SO 3 + 3H2O → H6 SO6.
Di- oxyacids
If you want to formulate a di- oxyacid, you multiply the oxyacid by 2 and substract 1
molecule of H2O. For example, disulphuric acid is:
→ H2SO 4 (sulphuric acid)→ (x2) → H4 S2O8 → (-H 2O) → H2S2 O7
Special oxidation numbers
 Cr can form oxyacids using +6 as an oxidation number:
CrO3 + H2O → H2 CrO4 chromic acid (ácido crómico)
 Mn uses only +4, +6 and +7 when it forms oxyacids, but the order of the
prefixes and suffixes change:
MnO2 + H2O → H2 MnO3 manganous acid (ácido manganoso)
MnO3 + H2O → H2 MnO4 manganic acid (ácido mangánico)
Mn2O 7 + H2O → H2 Mn2O8 → HMnO 4 permanganic acid (ácido permangánico)
15. Write the formulas for the following oxyacids and oxysalts:
a) Ditellurous acid
b) Antimonic acid
c) Arsenious acid
d) Sodium dichromate
e) Calcium phosphate
16. Write the names of the following oxyacids:
a) H4P2O7
b) H3 PO3
c) HAsO 3
d) H3 AsO4
e) H2 CrO4
f) KMnO4
13
ANSWERS
1. Write the name of the following metal and non metal oxides using all the
nomenclatures we have studied:
Li2O
Stock: lithium oxide
óxido de litio
Traditional: óxido lítico u óxido de litio
Stoichiometric: dilithium monoxide
monóxido de dilitio
CaO
Stock: calcium oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: calcium monoxide
óxido de calcio
óxido cálcico u óxido de calcio
monóxido de calcio
Ga2O3
Stock: gallium oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: digallium trioxide
óxido de galio
óxido gálico u óxido de galio
trióxido de digalio
Au2O
Stock: gold (I) oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: digold monoxide
óxido de oro (I)
óxido auroso
monóxido de dioro
BaO
Stock: barium oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: barium monoxide
óxido de bario
óxido bárico u óxido de bario
monóxido de bario
Mn2O 3
Stock: manganese (III) oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: dimanganese trioxide
óxido de manganeso (III)
trióxido de dimanganeso
Cu2O
Stock: copper (I) oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: dicopper monoxide
óxido de cobre (I)
óxido cuproso
monóxido de dicobre
CuO
Stock: copper (II) oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: copper monoxide
óxido de cobre (II)
óxido cúprico
monóxido de cobre
Au2O3
Stock: gold (III) oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: digold trioxide
óxido de oro (III)
óxido áurico
trióxido de dioro
14
Al2 O3
Stock: aluminium oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: dialuminium trioxide
óxido de aluminio
óxido alumínico u óxido de aluminio
trióxido de dialuminio
SiO2
Stock: silicon oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: silicon dioxide
óxido de silicio
óxido silícico u óxido de silicio
dióxido de silicio
Rb2O
Stock: rubidium oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: dirubidium monoxide
óxido de rubidio
óxido rubídico u óxido de rubidio
monóxido de dirrubidio
RaO
Stock: radium oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: radium monoxide
óxido de radio
óxido rádico u óxido de radio
monóxido de radio
Hg2O
Stock: mercury (I) oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: dimercury monoxide
óxido de mercurio (I)
óxido mercurioso
monóxido de dimercurio
HgO
Stock: mercury (II) oxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: mercury monoxide
óxido de mercurio (II)
óxido mercúrico
monóxido de mercurio
SO
Stock: sulphur (II) oxide
Traditional: hyposulphurous oxide
Stoichiometric: sulphur monoxide
óxido de azufre (II)
óxido hiposulfuroso
monóxido de azufre
SO2
Stock: sulphur (IV) oxide
Traditional: sulphurous oxide
Stoichiometric: sulphur dioxide
óxido de azufre (IV)
óxido sulfuroso
dióxido de azufre
SO3
Stock: sulphur (VI) oxide
Traditional: sulphuric oxide
Stoichiometric: sulphur trioxide
óxido de azufre (VI)
óxido sulfúrico
trióxido de azufre
Br2O7
Stock: bromine (VII) oxide
Traditional: perbromic oxide
Stoichiometric: dibromine heptaoxide
óxido de bromo (VII)
óxido perbrómico
heptaóxido de dibromo
15
Br2O5
Stock: bromine (V) oxide
Traditional: bromic oxide
Stoichiometric: dibromine pentaoxide
óxido de bromo (V)
óxido brómico
pentaóxido de dibromo
Br2O3
Stock: bromine (III) oxide
Traditional: bromous oxide
Stoichiometric: dibromine trioxide
óxido de bromo (III)
óxido bromoso
trióxido de dibromo
Br2O
Stock: bromine (I) oxide
Traditional: hypobromous oxide
Stoichiometric: dibromine monoxide
óxido de bromo (I)
óxido hipobromoso
monóxido de dibromo
P2O3
Stock: phosphorus (III) oxide
Traditional: phosphorous oxide
Stoichiometric: diphosphorus trioxide
óxido de fósforo (III)
óxido fosforoso
trióxido de difósforo
P2O5
Stock: phosphorus (V) oxide
Traditional: phosphoric oxide
Stoichiometric: diphosphorus pentaoxide
óxido de fósforo (V)
óxido fosfórico
pentaóxido de difósforo
CO
Stock: carbon (II) oxide
Traditional: carbonous oxide
Stoichiometric: carbon monoxide
óxido de carbono (II)
óxido carbonoso
monóxido de carbono
CO2
Stock: carbon (IV) oxide
Traditional: carbonic oxide
Stoichiometric: carbon dioxide
óxido de carbono (IV)
óxido carbónico
dióxido de carbono
N2O3
Stock: nitrogen (III) oxide
Traditional: nitrous oxide
Stoichiometric: dinitrogen trioxide
óxido de nitrógeno (III)
óxido nitroso
trióxido de dinitrógeno
N2O5
Stock: nitrogen (V) oxide
Traditional: nitric oxide
Stoichiometric: dinitrogen pentaoxide
óxido de nitrógeno (V)
óxido nítrico
pentaóxido de dinitrógeno
As2O3
Stock: arsenic (III) oxide
Traditional: arsenous oxide
Stoichiometric: diarsenic trioxide
óxido de arsénico (III)
óxido arsenioso
trióxido de diarsénico
16
As2O5
Stock: arsenic (V) oxide
óxido de arsénico (V)
Traditional: arsenic oxide
óxido arsénico
Stoichiometric: diarsenic pentaoxide
pentaóxido de diarsénico
2. Write the formula of the following metal and non metal oxides:
Zinc oxide
Silver oxide
ZnO
Ag2O
Nickel (II) oxide
Chromium (III) oxide
NiO
Cr2O3
Manganese (II) oxide
Lead (II) oxide
MnO
PbO
Lead (IV) oxide
Cadmium oxide
PbO2
CdO
Nickel (III) oxide
Diiodine monoxide
Ni2O3
I2O
Diantimony pentaoxide
Diiodine pentaoxide
Sb2O5
I2O5
Periodic oxide
Tellurium dioxide
I2O7
TeO2
Selenium trioxide
Cobaltous oxide
SeO 3
CoO
Cobaltic oxide
Hypotellurous oxide
Co2O3
TeO
3. Write the formula of the following compounds:
a) calcium peroxide CaO2
b) lithium peroxide Li2O2
c) copper (II) peroxide CuO2
d) copper (I) peroxide Cu2O2
e) cadmium peroxide CdO2
f) dimercury dioxide Hg2O2
4. Name the following compounds using the three nomenclatures we have studied:
a) Na2O2
Stock: sodium peroxide
peróxido de sodio
Traditional: peróxido sódico o peróxido de sodio
Stoichiometric: dióxido de disodio disodium dioxide
b) MgO 2
Stock: magnesium peroxide
peróxido de magnesio
Traditional: peróxido magnésico o peróxido de magnesio
Stoichiometric: magnesium dioxide dióxido de magnesio
c) ZnO2
Stock: zinc peroxide
peróxido de cinc
Traditional: peróxido de cinc
Stoichiometric: zinc dioxide
dióxido de cinc
d) Rb2O2
Stock: rubidium peroxide
peróxido de rubidio
Traditional: peróxido rubídico o peróxido de rubidio
Stoichiometric: dirubidium dioxide dióxido de dirubidio
e) SrO2
Stock: strontium peroxide
peróxido de estroncio
Traditional: peróxido estróncico o peróxido de estroncio
Stoichiometric: strontium dioxide dióxido de estroncio
17
f) Cs2O2
Stock: caesium peroxide
Traditional: Stoichiometric: dicaesium dioxide
peróxido de cesio
peróxido césico o peróxido de cesio
dióxido de dicesio
5. Write the formula of the following compounds:
a) Beryllium hydride
b) Nickel (III) hydride
BeH2
NiH3
c) Zinc hydride
d) Phosphine
ZnH2
PH3
e) Sodium hydride
f) Hydrofluoric acid
NaH
HF (aq)
g) Hydrogen fluoride
h) Calcium dihydride
HF
CaH2
i) Gold (III) hydride
j) Cobalt (II) hydride
AuH3
CoH2
k) Strontium hydride
l) Aluminium hydride
SrH2
AlH 3
m) Tin (II) hydride
n) Lead (II) hydride
SnH2
PbH4
o) Lead (IV) hydride
PbH2
6. Name the following compounds in all the nomenclatures we have studied:
a) HCl
hydrogen chloride
cloruro de hidrógeno
b) HCl (aq)
hydrochloric acid
ácido clorhídrico
c) MgH2
Stock: magnesium hydride
hidruro de magnesio
Traditional: hidruro magnésico o hidruro de magnesio
Stoichiometric: magnesium dihydride
dihidruro de magnesio
d) AlH3
Stock: aluminium hydride hidruro de aluminio
Traditional: hidruro alumínico o hidruro de aluminio
Stoichiometric: aluminium trihydride
trihidruro de aluminio
e) CuH
Stock: copper (I) hydride
hidruro de cobre (I)
Traditional: hidruro cuproso
Stoichiometric: copper monohydride
monohidruro de cobre
f) CuH2
Stock: copper (II) hydride
hidruro de cobre (II)
Traditional: hidruro cúprico
Stoichiometric: copper dihydride
dihidruro de cobre
18
g) H2 Se
hydrogen selenide
seleniuro de hidrógeno
h) AuH
Stock: gold (I) hydride
hidruro de oro (I)
Traditional: hidruro auroso
Stoichiometric: gold monohydride
monohidruro de oro
i) BaH2
Stock: barium hydride
hidruro de bario
Traditional: hidruro bárico o hidruro de bario
Stoichiometric: barium dihydride
dihidruro de bario
j) FrH
Stock: francium hydride
hidruro de francio
Traditional: hidruro fráncico o hidruro de francio
Stoichiometric: francium monohydride
monohidruro de francio
k) AgH
Stock: silver hydride
hidruro de plata
Traditional: hidruro argéntico o hidruro de plata
Stoichiometric: silver monohydride
monohidruro de plata
l) SnH4
Stock: tin (IV) hydride
hidruro de estaño (IV)
Traditional: hidruro estánnico
Stoichiometric: tin tetrahydride
tetrahidruro de estaño
m) NH 3
ammonia
amoniaco
n) HF
hydrogen fluoride
fluoruro de hidrógeno
o) H2Te
hydrogen telluride
telururo de hidrógeno
7. Name these compounds using all the nomenclatures we have studied:
a) FeI2
Stock: Iron (II) iodide
Yoduro de hierro (II)
Traditional: Yoduro ferroso
Stoichiometric: Iron diiodide
Diyoduro de hierro
b) CoI3
Stock: Cobalt (III) iodide
Yoduro de cobalto (III)
Traditional: Yoduro cobáltico
Stoichiometric: Cobalt triiodide
Triyoduro de cobalto
c) NaF
Stock: Sodium fluoride
Fluoruro de sodio
Traditional: Fluoruro sódico o fluoruro de sodio
Stoichiometric: Sodium monofluoride
Monofluoruro de sodio
19
d) CaF2
Stock: Calcium fluoride
Fluoruro de calcio
Traditional: Fluoruro cálcico o fluoruro de calcio
Stoichiometric: Calcium difluoride
Difluoruro de calcio
e) Au2 S3
Stock: Gold (III) sulphide
Sulfuro de oro (III)
Traditional: Sulfuro áurico
Stoichiometric: Digold trisulphide
Trisulfuro de dioro
f) AlCl3
Stock: Aluminium chloride
Cloruro de aluminio
Traditional: Cloruro alumínico o cloruro de aluminio
Stoichiometric: Aluminium trichloride
Tricloruro de aluminio
g) CBr4
Stock: Carbon (IV) bromide
Bromuro de carbono (IV)
Traditional: Carbonic bromide
Bromuro carbónico
Stoichiometric: Carbon tetrabromide
Tetrabromuro de carbono
h) IF7
Stock: Iodine (VII) fluoride
Fluoruro de yodo (VII)
Traditional: Periodic fluoride
Fluoruro peryódico
Stoichiometric: Iodine heptafluoride
Heptafluoruro de yodo
i) MnP
Stock: Manganese (III) phosphide
Fosfuro de manganeso (III)
Traditional: Stoichiometric: Manganese monophosphide
Monofosfuro de manganeso
j) BI3
Stock: Boron iodide
Yoduro de boro
Traditional: Yoduro bórico o yoduro de boro
Stoichiometric: Boron triiodide
Triyoduro de boro
k) AsF5
Stock: Arsenic (V) fluoride
Fluoruro de arsénico (V)
Traditional: Arsenic fluoride
Fluoruro arsénico
Stoichiometric: Arsenic pentafluoride
Pentafluoruro de arsénico
l) SbBr3
Stock: Antimony (III) bromide
Bromuro de antimonio (III)
Traditional: Antimonyous bromide
Bromuro antimonioso
Stoichiometric: Antimony tribromide
Tribromuro de antimonio
m) CuI2
Stock: Copper (II) iodide
Yoduro de cobre (II)
Traditional: Yoduro cúprico
Stoichiometric: Copper diiodide
Diyoduro de cobre
n) CuI
Stock: Copper (I) iodide
Yoduro de cobre (I)
Traditional: Yoduro cuproso
Stoichiometric: Copper monoiodide
Monoyoduro de cobre
20
o) HgS
Stock: Mercury (II) sulphide
Sulfuro de mercurio (II)
Traditional: Sulfuro mercúrico
Stoichiometric: Mercury monosulphide
Monosulfuro de mercurio
p) Hg2S
Stock: Mercury (I) sulphide
Sulfuro de mercurio (I)
Traditional: Sulfuro mercurioso
Stoichiometric: Dimercury monosulphide
Monosulfuro de dimercurio
q) HgCl2
Stock: Mercury (II) chloride
Cloruro de mercurio (II)
Traditional: Cloruro mercúrico
Stoichiometric: Mercury dichloride
Dicloruro de mercurio
r) HgCl
Stock: Mercury (I) chloride
Cloruro de mercurio (I)
Traditional: Cloruro mercurioso
Stoichiometric: Mercury monochloride
Monocloruro de mercurio
8. Write the formula of these compounds:
a) Gold (III) chloride
AuCl3
b) Gold (I) bromide
AuBr
c) Tin (II) fluoride
SnF2
d) Bromine pentafluoride
BrF5
e) Trisilicon tetranitride
Si3N4
f) Sulphur hexafluoride
SF6
g) Silver sulphide
Ag2S
h) Barium chloride
BaCl2
i) Chromium (III) selenide Cr2Se3
j) Sulphurous fluoride
SF4
k) Radium telluride
RaTe
l) Carbon tetrachloride
CCl4
m) Magnesium bromide
MgBr2
n) Copper (I) telluride
Cu2Te
o) Copper (II) telluride
CuTe
p) Chloric nitride
Cl3N5
q) Hyposulphurous fluoride SF2
r) Sulphuric chloride
SCl6
9. Name the following compounds using all the nomenclatures we have studied:
a) Fe(OH)3
Stock: iron (III) hydroxide
hidróxido de hierro (III)
Traditional: hidróxido férrico
Stoichiometric: iron trihydroxide
trihidróxido de hierro
b) Fe(OH)2
Stock: iron (II) hydroxide
hidróxido de hierro (II)
Traditional: hidróxido ferroso
Stoichiometric: iron dihydroxide
dihidróxido de hierro
c) Co(OH) 3
Stock: cobalt (III) hydroxide
hidróxido de cobalto (III)
Traditional: hidróxido cobáltico
Stoichiometric: cobalt trihydroxide
trihidróxido de cobalto
d) Co(OH)2
Stock: cobalt (II) hydroxide
hidróxido de cobalto (II)
Traditional: hidróxido cobaltoso
Stoichiometric: cobalt dihydroxide
dihidróxido de cobalto
21
e) Ni(OH)3
Stock: nickel (III) hydroxide
hidróxido de níquel (III)
Traditional: hidróxido niquélico
Stoichiometric: nickel trihydroxide
trihidróxido de níquel
f) Ni(OH)2
Stock: nickel (II) hydroxide
hidróxido de níquel (II)
Traditional: hidróxido niqueloso
Stoichiometric: nickel dihydroxide
dihidróxido de níquel
g) Be(OH) 2
Stock: beryllium hydroxide
hidróxido de berilio
Traditional: hidróxido berílico o hidróxido de berilio
Stoichiometric: beryllium dihydroxide
dihidróxido de berilio
h) LiOH
Stock: lithium hydroxide
hidróxido de litio
Traditional: hidróxido lítico o hidróxido de litio
Stoichiometric: lithium monohydroxide
monohidróxido de litio
i) Sn(OH)2
Stock: tin (II) hydroxide
hidróxido de estaño (II)
Traditional: hidróxido estannoso
Stoichiometric: tin dihydroxide
dihidróxido de estaño
j) Sn(OH)4
Stock: tin (IV) hydroxide
hidróxido de estaño (IV)
Traditional: hidróxido estánnico
Stoichiometric: tin tetrahydroxide
tetrahidróxido de estaño
k) Pt(OH)2
Stock: platinum (II) hydroxide
hidróxido de platino (II)
Traditional: hidróxido platinoso
Stoichiometric: platinum dihydroxide
dihidróxido de platino
l) Pt(OH)4
Stock: platinum (IV) hydroxide
hidróxido de platino (IV)
Traditional: hidróxido platínico
Stoichiometric: platinum tetrahydroxide
tetrahidróxido de platino
10. Write the formula of the following compounds:
a) Aluminium trihydroxide Al(OH)3
b) Gold trihydroxide
Au(OH)3
c) Gold monohydroxide
AuOH
d) Lead dihydroxide
Pb(OH)2
e) Lead tetrahydroxide
Pb(OH)4
f) Manganese (II) hydroxide Mn(OH)2
g) Manganese (III) hydroxide
Mn(OH)3
h) Beryllium hydroxide
Be(OH)2
i) Silver hydroxide
AgOH
j) Zinc hydroxide
Zn(OH)2
k) Francium hydroxide
FrOH
l) Potassium hydroxide
KOH
11. Write the formula of the following oxyacids:
a) perchloric acid
HClO4
b) sulphurous acid
H2SO3
c) nitric acid
HNO3
d) nitrous acid
HNO2
e) carbonic acid
H2CO3
f) chloric acid
HClO3
22
g) tellurous acid
H2TeO3
h) selenic acid
H2SeO4
i) hypotellurous acid H2TeO2
12. Write the name of the following oxyacids:
a) HBrO
hypobromous acid
ácido hipobromoso
b) H2 SeO3
selenious acid
ácido selenioso
c) HIO 4
periodic acid
ácido peryódico
d) H2 SO2
hyposulphurous acid
ácido hiposulfuroso
e) H2TeO4
telluric acid
ácido telúrico
f) HBrO3
bromic acid
ácido brómico
g) HNO
hyponitrous acid
ácido hiponitroso
i) HClO
hypochlorous acid
ácido hipocloroso
13. Name the following oxysalts:
a) KIO 4
potassium periodate
peryodato potásico o peryodato de potasio
b) Na2 SO3
sodium sulphite
sulfito sódico o sulfito de sodio
c) CaCO3
calcium carbonate
carbonato cálcico o carbonato de calcio
d) ZnSeO4
zinc seleniate
seleniato de zinc
e) Al(ClO3 )3 aluminium chlorate
clorato alumínico o clorato de aluminio
f) KBrO4
potassium perbromate
perbromato de potasio o perbromato
potásico
g) AgNO3
silver nitrate
nitrato argéntico o nitrato de plata
h) Al2(SO 4)3 aluminium sulphate
sulfato alumínico o sulfato de aluminio
i) NiSO2
nickel (II) hyposulphite
hiposulfito de níquel (II)o hiposulfito
niqueloso
j) LiNO 3
lithium nitrate
nitrato lítico o nitrato de litio
k) Ca(IO4)2 calcium periodate
peryodato cálcico o peryodato de calcio
l) MgSeO3
magnesium selenite
selenito magnésico o selenito de magnesio
14. Write the formula of the following oxysalts:
a) Calcium perbromate
Ca(BrO4)2
b) Copper (II) nitrate
Cu(NO3)2
c) Copper (I) sulphite
Cu2SO3
d) Nickel (II) bromite
Ni(BrO2)2
e) Nickel (III) iodite
Ni(IO2)3
f) Beryllium hypochlorite
Be(ClO)2
g) Potassium carbonate
K2CO 3
h) Silver sulphate
Ag2SO 4
i) Silver sulphite
Ag2SO 3
j) Silver hyposulphite
Ag2SO 2
k) Cobalt (II) selenate
CoSeO4
l) Cobalt (III) selenate
Co2(SeO 4)3
15. Write the formulas for the following oxyacids and oxysalts:
a) Ditellurous acid H2Te2O5
b) Antimonic acid
H3SbO 4
c) Arsenious acid
H3AsO3
d) Sodium dichromate
Na2Cr2O7
e) Calcium phosphate
Ca3(PO4)2
16. Write the names of the following oxyacids:
a) H4P2O7
diphosphoric acid
ácido difosfórico
b) H3 PO3
phosphorous acid
ácido fosforoso
c) HAsO 3
metaarsenic acid
ácido metaarsénico
d) H3 AsO4
arsenic acid
ácido arsénico
e) H2 CrO4
chromic acid
ácido crómico
f) KMnO4
potassium permanganate
permanganato de potasio o permanganato potásico
23