Bell ringer
Why did Uncle Tom’s Cabin cause
problems for the United States?
Why were Americans moving
West?
What was the slavery debate?
Intro To Manifest Destiny
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
What is Manifest Destiny?
What are some of the reasons why Americans went west?
Who is James K. Polk?
How did he lead the way toward America’s Manifest
Destiny?
What overall effects did Manifest Destiny have on Native
Americans?
How did the debate over slavery effect the move
westward?
List the trails heading West.
AMERICA’S
MANIFEST DESTINY
Expanding our borders
from sea to shining sea
A Period of Expansion
Expansion Fever hits [again] in 1840’s
– Americans were moving west, energized by a belief in the
rightful expansion of the US from coast to coast
News from Sutter’s Mill
Head west young man!! Horace
Greely
In 1848 gold was discovered in the American
River at John Sutter’s sawmill in northern
California.
When the news reached the United States, most
considered it a rumor.
President James K. Polk announced the gold
discovery in his State of the Union address on
December 5, 1848.
Newspapers across the country carried the story,
and thousands of Americans caught “gold fever.”
Major Western Trails
Santa Fe
Trail
Oregon Trail
Mormon
Trail
The first major western trail was the Santa Fe Trail, which
stretched 800 miles from Independence, Missouri, to the
town of Santa Fe, the capital of Spanish New Mexico. It
began as a trade route.
The 2,000-mile Oregon Trail stretched from
Independence, Missouri, to the rich farming lands of the
Willamette Valley in Oregon. It was used by Native
Americans, Lewis and Clark, fur traders and mountain
men, and finally migrants.
Between 1847 and 1853, some 16,000 Mormons migrated
west following the 1,300-mile route that became known as
the Mormon Trail. It ran from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Salt Lake
City in present-day Utah.
Why move WEST
• W- hen Joseph Smith was murdered in
Illinois 1848. Brigham Young
• E- ast Coast becomes crowded with
immigrants from Europe.
• S- utter’s Mill (gold discovered) Strauss
• T- reaty of Guadelupe Hilgalgo. Opened
up vast tracks of land in the West. Ended
the Mex-American War 1850.
Levi Strauss
• German immigrant that went to California
during the “gold rush.”
• He found that denim was more durable
than plain old cotton.
• He started to make denim pants for gold
miners
• Opened Levi Strauss Jean Co.
The Mormon Faith
• Founder- Joseph Smith in New York
• Stressed hard work and community/ The
ancient Church- (est. by the disciples of
Christ, did not survive.)
• Christian Based- But, people disagreed
with Polygamy (More than one spouse)
• Smith is Murdered in JAIL in Nauvoo, IL
• Brigham Young leads the Mormons out
west to UTAH.
What you need Mane??
• In groups– Come up with five things you need to head
WEST..
Big Trouble In Big Texas
• 1821 Stephen Austin- leads many settlers
into Texas (still claimed by MEXICO).
• They were there illegally.
• He tried to make peace with SANTA
ANNA (Mexican President)
Continued
• Santa Anna- has Stephen A. threw in jail
after they meet in 1833.
• S.A. spends a year and a half in jail.
• After he is released he calls for rebellion.
TEXAS Revolution
• The Alamo- Was a Spanish Mission
Church.
• In November 1835- 189 men led by
William Travis and Jim Bowie faced off
against 1,800 Mex. Troops.
• They held it for 13 days before they were
all killed, only a woman and three kids
lived.
“Remember the Alamo”
Says Hank Hill
• Davy Crockett from Southern Greene
County was killed here. He was a
volunteer and former senator of the US.
Sam Houston
• S.H. defeats Santa Anna at Jan Jacinto.
• He uses “Remember the Alamo” as a
battle cry.
• Santa Anna signed a treaty giving Texas
its independence.
• It becomes its own COUNTRY a
REPUBLIC.
The Mexican War (1846-1847)
• James K Polk- declared war on Mexico for
attacking US forces at the Rio Grande.
• Zachary Taylor- Led US forces
• The Mexican Forces were no match for
the US.
Mexican war Continued
• Winfield Scott- (REMEMBER THIS NAME)
replaced Taylor as General.
• He captured Mexico City in 1847.
• Santa Anna fled with millions of Mexico’s
government money.
New Land After the War
• Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo- ended the
war.
• Mexican Cession- Mexico gave the US
(CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, TX, Co, and
Wyoming)
• Gadsden Purchase- US bought the
southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico
Political Parties of 1850
• Democrats- “poor man’s party” supported
slavery
• Whigs- weak president, strong congress,
neutral on slavery
• Free-soil Party- wanted to abolish slavery
Bell Ringer
• Who founded the Mormon religion?
• Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
• Should people be allowed to carry guns?
What is up in the CESSION
• Slavery debate continues- (pg. 554)
• Compromise of 1850- HENRY CLAY
– Cali- enters FREE
– Utah and New Mex ( slavery would be
decided by the people (popular sovereignty)
– CLAY becomes known as the
Wilmot Proviso
• A bill to ban slavery in the Mexican
Cession.
• Passes in the House, dies in the Senate
• Comp. of 1850 will pass
Who is James K. Polk?
November 2, 1795 - June 15, 1849
Who is James K. Polk?
• 11th President (1845-1849)
Democrat from NC
– “Dark horse candidate”
– “Polk the purposeful”
• Responsible for great territorial expansion
• Led the US into war with Mexico in 1846
James K. Polk
• Born in NC, lived in TN
• Democrat, a friend and
firm supporter of Andrew
Jackson and his policies
– Aided Jackson’s war on the
National Bank
• The last Jacksonian
– last “strong” president before
the Civil War
James K. Polk
How he led the way to our Manifest Destiny
• Committed to geographic expansion
• Ignored Whig objections, worked for the largest
territorial gains in the nation's history
– New lands exceeded the Louisiana Purchase
– He secured the Oregon Territory
• WA, OR, ID, MT, WY
– Purchased 1.2 million square miles in the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo (the end of the Mexican-American War)
• NM, CA, AZ, NV, CO, UT
– Completed the acquisition of most of the current
continental 48 states
Polk Trivia
• Scholars have ranked him 8th to 12th on the list of
greatest presidents for his ability to set an agenda and
achieve all of it
• Oversaw the opening of the U.S. Naval Academy, the
Smithsonian, the groundbreaking for the Washington
Monument, and the first postage stamps in the US
• First President to be photographed frequently in office
• First president not to seek reelection after one term
Intro To Manifest Destiny
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is Manifest Destiny?
What are some of the reasons why Americans went west?
Who is James K. Polk?
How did he lead the way toward America’s Manifest
Destiny?