GEO
Name: _______________________________________________ Date: ___________________ Period: _____________
n to scale)
Geologic History Reference Table Worksheet #2
F
G were formed.H
1. ListCthe eon, era, period
index fossils
D an epoch inEwhich the following
E
F
H
G
I
Eon:
Eon:
Era:
Era:
Period:
Period:
JI
RY OF NEW YORK STATE
T
ithus
M
Epoch:
Epoch:
YEucalyptocrinus
X
Z
V
U Valcouroceras
W
Centroceras
P
S
N
R
Q
O
Tetragraptu
Ctenocrin
Manticoceras
Phacops Centroceras
Hexameroceras Eucalyptocrinus
Eon:
Eon:
ras
HexamerocerasEra:
Ctenocrinus
Manticoceras
Era:
Period:
Period:
Epoch:
Era
Bothriolepis
Epoch
Period
Epoch:
L
NEW YORK
STATE
COF
HISTORY
OF
NEW YORK STATE
TERTIARY
BIRDS
TERTIARY
BIRDS
MAMMALS
DINOSAURS
PHANEROZOIC
TERTIARY
Stylonurus Pleurodictyum
enaria
Mucrospirifer
Platyceras Naples Tree
Beluga Cooksonia
Millions
of years ago
Y
X
Z
V
U
W
pterus
Aneurophyton
Con
Mastodont
Whale
Period
Epoch
on
E
2.
List the age
in millions
of years (mya)
and the S
group ofLife
organisms
that
T
P fossils
N
R Eospirifer
Maclurites
Q
U
Cystiphyllum
O of the following index
0
HOLOCENE
on the black lines).
Lit belongs to (as listed
P
Q
M verticallyN
O
0.01
QUATERNARY
Millions
of years
ago
PLEISTOCENE
Tectonic
1.6 Humans
me
Distribution
of
Fossils
Age:
Age:
Large ca
Events
PLIOCENEGEOLOG
CENOZOIC
Import
(Fossils not drawn to scale)
5.3
NEOGENE
0
HOLOCENE
Abundan
Affecting
MIOCENE
ng
Important
Fossils
of New
York)
eologic
Inferred
Position
of
Type:
Type:
0.01
H
E
F
J
B
C
A
I
G
K
D
Bothriolepis
Events
24 Earliest
QUATERNARY
Northeast
PLEISTOCENE
Humans,
mastodonts,
m
1.6OLIGOCENE
s indicate
the approximate time
of existence ofNaples
a specific
Pleurodictyum
Mucrospirifer
Large Ple
ru
Platyceras
Tree
onurus
Lichenaria
Cooksonia
w
York
Earth’s
Landmasses
North
33.7
Large
carnivores
g. Fossil A lived atBeluga
theAge:
end of the Early Cambrian).
PLIOCENE 5.3 Age:
ENOZOIC
EOCENE
Many mo
PALEOGENE
NEOGENE
Aneurophyton
Condor
Mastodont
Cystiphyllum
Whale
Eospirifer
Maclurites
tiphyllum
America
54.8
Abundant
grazing
mam
Type:
Type:
MIOCENE
Naples
Coelophysis
Stylonurus
PALEOCENE
Cooksonia
Beluga24 Earliest
L
grasses
65 and
S
Extinctio
O Valcouroceras
Tectonic
Advance
retreat
Tetragraptus
Eucalyptocrinus
Centroceras
Cryptolithus
stribution
of
Fossils
OLIGOCENE
Eurypterus
Aneurophyton
A
Mastodont
Whale
Events
Earliest
Large
running
mamma
Important
Geologic
Ctenocrinus
Manticoceras
Dicellogra
Phacops
Elliptocephala
Hexameroceras
Uplift
of Adirondack
ic Oldest
Inferred
Position
of
33.7
3. Which
four index
fossils were
living
organisms
during
the
Middle
Ordovician?
Affecting
T
portant
Fossils
of
New
York)
LATE
EOCENE
Many
modern
groups
PALEOGENE
Climax oo
Events in New York
tinental
multi- ice
MESOZOIC
Northeast
E
rk
Earth’s
Landmasses
54.8
Tectonic
the cellular
approximate
time of existence of a specific
59 million
a. ___________________________
TERTIARY
North
PALEOCENE
Time
Distribution
of
Fossils
CRETACEOUS
lived
at
the
end
of
the
Early
Cambrian).
A life
Earliest
Events
Rock
America
65 Extinction
of
Eonb. ___________________________
Era
Period
Epoch
Lifeyears
ondinosaurs
Earth
Decline o
Affecting
ecord (Including Important Fossils of New
M
York)
ago
Millions
of
years
ago
Earliest
placental
mamb
c.
___________________________
S
EARLY
O
Diverse
Advance and retreat of last continental
ice
Northeast
inFirst
IMillions
of years ago
0
HOLOCENE
d. ___________________________
Lettered
circles indicate the approximate time
ofUplift
existence
of a 0.01
specific
of Adirondack
region
LATE
0
e appearance
Climax
of
dinosaurs
an
North
NYS
D
142
QUATERNARY
of sexually
PLEISTOCENE
59
million
ESOZOIC
mastodonts,
index fossil (e.g. FossilTERTIARY
Cambrian).
1.6 Humans,
Sands
and mammoths
shales un
A lived at the end of the Early
Large carnivoresAmerica
CENOZOIC
D reproducing
NEOGENE yearsPLIOCENE 5.3 LATE
Island
deposited o
Abundant
grazing
mammals
CRETACEOUS
MIOCENE
4. List the number of years making up the following periods. Also
geologic
event
Earliest
flowering
plan
agolist one important
L organisms
24
Earliest grasses
Earliest
S OLIGOCENE 33.7
that occurred during that time period.
O
Large running
mammals
Decline
of brachiopods
E 500
JURASSIC
MIDDLE
EOCENE
Many modern groups ofAbundan
mammals
PALEOGENE
EARLY
Diverse
bony fishes
Geologic
Event54.8
Development
of pass
PALEOCENE
Sands and shales 65
underlying
Islandand
and
State
ExtinctionLong
of dinosaurs
ammonoid
EARLY
mammals
Island deposited on Earliest
marginplacental
of Atlantic
Ocean
206
BIRDS
Triassic
T
MAMMALS
DINOSAURS
ong Island
and Staten
Period
Length (mya)
L
Atlantic Ocean
A
Oldest
142
sive Margin
argin
S
S
DS
ROZOIC
LATE
Climax of dinosaurs andModern
ammonoids
MESOZOIC
LATE
Eand Staten E multicellular
1000
Cretaceouslife
Earliest
CRETACEOUS
Ocean
Earliest flowering plants
TRIASSIC
LATE
MIDDLE
A
Development of passive
continental
margin abund
Decline
of
brachiopods
ntal marginM First
EARLY
Diverse bony
fishes
Quarternary
EARLY
Earliest
birds
I appearance
R
251 Extinctio
MIDDLE
D of JURASSIC
142
sexually
anima
in
Abundant
dinosaurs
an
L
Cambrian
LATE
D reproducing
LATE
PALEOZOIC
First
ma
organisms
L
119
million
Earliest
birds
Initial
opening of At
Y
CRETACEOUS
PERMIAN
E
JURASSIC
EARLY MIDDLE
Name: _______________________________________________ Date: ___________________ Period: _____________
5. List one major event pertaining to life on Earth that occurred during each of the following epochs.
Epoch
Event
Pleistocene
Late Mississippian
Late Cambrian
Early Cretaceous
6. What were the two most recent tectonic events that affected the northeastern United States?
a.___________________________
b. ___________________________
7. What general direction has the North American continent been moving during the lasts 232 million
years? __________________________________________________________________________
GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK
STATE HISTORY OF N
GEOLOGIC
s not drawn to scale)
8.
List the
names
of the ELfollowing
indexGfossils
in
order
from
oldest
PJ to youngest.
N
QK
K D
O
H
F M
B J
C
I
I
A
TN
S M
RL
U
Oldest
WSTORY
YORK OF
STATE
NEWCoelophysis
YORK STATE
Tetragraptus
s
Stylonurus
Bothriolepis
Naples
Tree
Lichenaria
Cooksonia
Valcouroceras
Tetragraptus
Eucalyptocrinus
Coelophysis
Stylonurus
Centroceras
Cryptolithus
Beluga
T
Y
P N
V
R
Q
U R
O
W
T X
Y Cystiphy
X
P S Manticoceras
VZ
Q
U
M
WCondor
Ctenocrinus
DicellograptusO
Aneurophyton
Mastodont
WhaleS
Ctenocrinus
Dicellograptus
Eurypterus
Phacops
Mast
ephala
Hexameroceras Eurypterus
Tectonic
Time Distribution of Fossils
Time Distributio
Events
Rock
Rock Important
Geologic
(Fossils not
drawn
to
scale)
Affecting Record (Including Important F
Record
Bothriolepis
(Including
Important
Fossils
of
New
York)
Life on Earth
Eon
Era
Period
Epoch
Life
on
Earth
Bothriolepis
Events
in
New
York
Northeast
in
T
H
E time
F
J
L
B Lettered
Y indicate
X
C
ZNaples
Tree
Lichenaria
Pleurodictyum
Mucrospirifer
A W
I in
Platyceras
circles
the approximate
of existence
of a G
specific
Cooksonia
V Naples
K the approxima
U
D
Lettered
circles
indicate
arsBeluga
ago
Tree
ysis
Stylonurus
Lichenaria
Pleurodictyum
Mucr
North
Platyceras
NYS
Cooksonia
Millions
of
years
ago
NYS index fossil (e.g. Fossil
(e.g. Fossil A lived at the end of the Early Cambrian).
lived at the
Belugaindex fossil
A
Aneurophyton
Condor
Eospirifer
Maclurites
Cystiphyllum
Whale
of years
ago
America
Eurypterus
Aneurophyton HOLOCENE 0
Condor
Eospirifer
Mastodont Whale
Maclurites
Cystiphyllum
01
0.01
S
O
QUATERNARY
Advance
and
retreat
of
last
continental
iceO
Humans,
mastodonts,
mammoths
PLEISTOCENE 1.6 Humans, mastodonts, mammoths
Tectonic
6
Tectonic
of
Fossils
Large
carnivores
Uplift of Adirondack region
PLIOCENE 5.3 Large carnivores
EventsCENOZOIC
3
Time
Distribution
of
Fossils
Important
Geologic
Inferred
Position
of
NEOGENE
Youngest
Events
grazing mammalsAffecting
Important
Geologic
Inferred Position of
Abundant grazing
mammals
MIOCENE
sAbundant
of New
York)
Affecting
Earliest
grasses
24 Earliest grasses
(Including
Important
FossilsCryptolithus
ofPlatyceras
New
York) in
Events
New York
Earth’s
Landmasses
Valcouroceras
Tetragraptus
Eucalyptocrinus
Coelo
Lichenaria
Pleurodictyum
Mucrospirifer
Centroceras
Northeast
in New York
Earth’s Landmasses
OLIGOCENE Events
Large
running
Northeast
Large running mammals
e7 of
existence
of a mammals
specific
North
Lettered
circles
indicate
approximate
time of existence of aEospirifer
specific
33.7
Many
modern
groups the
of mammals
the
Early
Cambrian).
Ctenocrinus
Manticoceras
Dicellograptus
Phacops
Elliptocephala
EOCENE
Hexameroceras
Maclurites
Cystiphyllum
Many
modern
groups
of
mammals
North
PALEOGENE
at the end of the Early Cambrian).
8ndex fossil (e.g. Fossil A lived
America
54.8
America
PALEOCENE
L
Extinction
of
dinosaurs
and
ammonoids
65 Extinction
of dinosaurs and ammonoids
9.
How
many
years
ago
was
the
Appalachian
Orogeny?
___________________________________
S
Sands and shales underlying Long Island and S
S Advance and retreat of last continental ice Advance and
A
placental
mammals O
Earliest
mammalsice
retreatplacental
of last continental
Rock
59 million
TERTIARY
ntEarliest
Geologic
Inferred
Position
Oldest
Island deposited TERTIARY
on margin of Atlantic Ocean
Uplift of Adirondack
regionof
59 m
T
LATE
Uplift
of
Adirondack
region
years
Climax of dinosaurs
and
ammonoids
Record
Climax
of
dinosaurs
and
ammonoids
multiMESOZOIC
Eon
Era
Period
Epoch
Life
on
Earth
E
New York
Earth’s
Landmasses
ago
in
cellular
10. How many years have humans been on Earth? _______________________________________
MAMMALS
DINOSAURS
NAUTILOIDS
MAMMALS
CRETACEOUS
DINOSAURS
NAUTILOIDS
BIRDS
TERTIARY
Earliest flowering
lifeplants
Decline of brachiopods
M
Diverse bony fishes
First
I appearance
st continentalDiceof sexually
D reproducing
on
L organisms
Earliest birds
PHANEROBIRDS
ZOIC
BIRDS
PHANEROZOIC
GEOLOGIC H
EARLY
S
AMMONOIDS
TRILOBITES
CRINOIDS
Passive Margin
BRACHIOPODS
CORALS
GASTROPODS
Rifting
TERTIARY
VASCULAR PLANTS
S
Passive Margin
CRINOIDS
AMMONOIDS
Rifting
CARBONIFTRILOBITES
EROUS
BRACHIOPODS
GASTROPODS
CORALS
PROTEROZOIC
R I A N
Epoch
ODERM
MAMMALS
Period
VASCULAR PLANTS
BRACHIOPODS
CRINOIDS
GASTROPODS
AMMONOIDS
Eon
Era
Passive Margin
DINOSAURS
11. List the eon, era, period, and epoch in which humans evolved.
Rifting
P RNAUTILOIDS
OTEROZOIC
N
CORALS
TRILOBITES
P R E C A M B R I A N
Earliest flowering plants Millions of years ago
NYS
Development of passive continental margin
Decline of brachiopods
Diverse bony fishes HOLOCENE 0
0.01
QUATERNARY
PLEISTOCENE 1.6 Humans, mastodonts, mammoths
142
59 million
Sands
and shales underlying
Long Island and Staten
TERTIARY
Large carnivores
PLIOCENE
CENOZOIC
Sands and NEOGENE
shales underlying Long
Island and Staten
5.3
Island deposited on margin ofyears
AtlanticLATE
Ocean
Abundant grazing mammals
Island deposited
margin of Atlantic
Ocean
MIOCENE
Earlieston
birds
ago
24 Earliest grasses
E
JURASSIC
MIDDLE
Abundant dinosaurs
and ammonoids
Abundant dinosaursOLIGOCENE
and ammonoids Large running mammals
Initial opening of Atlantic Ocean
33.7
Development of passive continental margin
500
EOCENE
Many
modern
groups
of Africa
mammals
PALEOGENE
Development
of passive continental
margin
North
America
and
separate
EARLY
54.8
206
PALEOCENE
L
L
Modern coral
Modern coral groups appear
Intrusion
of
Palisades
sill
LATE
E groups appear
L
65 Extinction of dinosaurs and ammonoids
Earliest
dinosaurs
mammals with
119
millionbegins to break up
Earliest dinosaurs
and mammals with
CRETACEOUS
Pangea
ying
Long Island
andand
Staten
A TRIASSIC
MIDDLE
119 m
Earliest
placental
mammals
CRETACEOUS
abundantAcycads and conifers
abundant cycads and conifers
years
rgin of Atlantic Ocean
T Oldest
EARLY 251 Extinction of many kindsLATE
Rmany kinds of marine
Extinction of
Climax ofago
dinosaurs and ammonoids
of marine
multiMESOZOIC
E cellular
Extensive erosion
animals, L
including trilobites
animals, including trilobites
LATE
1000
CRETACEOUS
PALEOZOIC life
Earliest flowering plants
First mammal-like reptiles
First mammal-like reptiles
ontinental margin
Y
PERMIAN
InitialM
opening
of Atlantic Ocean
Decline of brachiopods
Initial opening of Atlantic Ocean EARLY
North America
and Africa separate
Transition to
Diverse bony fishes
North America and Africa separate
I First
EARLY
atmosphere
Appalachian (Alleghanian) O
appearance
Intrusion
of sexually
Palisades sill119 million
L
D of
142
CRETACEOUS
containing
caused by collision of North A
Intrusion
of
Palisades
sill
290
Pangea
begins
to
break
up
years
oxygen
D reproducing
and Africa along transform m
Pangea begins to break up
LATE
L
Earliest reptiles
LATE
Earliest
reptiles
ago
forming Pangea
L organisms
PENNSYLVANIAN
Earliest
birds
A
Extensive coal-forming
forests
Extensive coal-forming forests
Extensive
E erosion
JURASSIC
MIDDLE
EARLY
Extensive
erosion
T
Abundant
dinosaurs
and
ammonoids
323
Abundant sharks
and amphibians
c Ocean
Abundant sharks and amphibians
E
LATE
EARLY
a Large
separate
MISSISSIPPIAN Earth’s
and numerous scale trees
Large and numerous scale trees 206
Earth’s
and seed M
ferns
first forest
Modern
coral groups appear
232 million
first forest
EARLY
LATE
E
l
Appalachian (Alleghanian)
Orogeny and seed ferns TRIASSIC
232 m
TRIASSIC
Appalachian (Alleghanian) Orogeny
Earliestyears
dinosaurs and mammals with
I
362
TRIASSIC
p
caused by collision of North America
MIDDLE
A
Catskill
Delta
forms
2000
caused
by
collision
of
North
America
D
abundant
LATEmargin, R
agocycads and conifers
and
Africa
along
transform
Erosion of Acadian
Mountains
EARLY margin,
Q
D
R
andamphibians,
Africa alongammonoids,
transform
Earliest amphibians,
ammonoids, sharks
251
Earliest
sharksExtinction of many
C
Fforming
G Pangea
C kinds
N
MIDDLE
F of marine
G
N
L
animals, including
trilobites
X Pangea
forming
Oldest
microfossils
Z
L DEVONIAN
LATE
Acadian
Orogeny caused by col
Extinction of armored
fish,
other
Extinction of armored
fish,
other
Millions of years ago
0