Chapter 1 – Properties of Matter
Section 1-1 What is Physical Science?
1. Studying Physical Science:
a. Physical Science is the study of matter & energy.
b. Chemistry is the study of the structure & makeup of matter and the
changes matter undergoes.
c. Physics is the study of energy & matter and how they interact.
Name: What are the two main branches of physical science?
2.
Specialization:
a. A specialist is a person who studies one particular area of a subject.
b. Specialization is working in one area of a subject. (See Figure 1-2, p. 16)
Define: What is a specialist?
3.
Importance of Physical Science:
a. Seat belt technology is based on the laws of motion.
b. New sources of energy like nuclear energy, solar panels, wind farms, &
fuel cells.
c. New materials have produced ceramic tiles, glass & plastic products.
d. Discuss examples of products that we use everyday from pp.16-17.
List: What are some products that have been created because of physical
science?
Checking Concepts #1-5 on your own paper Thinking Critically #6-7 is extra credit.
Section 1-2 What are the properties of Matter?
1. Matter:
a. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
b. Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
c. Volume is the amount of space an object takes up.
Define: What is matter?
2.
Properties of Matter:
a. Properties are characteristics used to describe an object like color, shape,
& hardness.
b. Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object.
c. Density is how much matter is in a unit of volume.
List: Name the basic properties of matter?
3.
Studying Matter:
a. Chemistry is the study of the structure, makeup, and changes matter
undergoes.
b. A chemist is a scientist that studies matter & does experiments to learn
how matter can change & combine.
c. Physics is the study of energy & matter and how they interact. A
physicist is a person that studies physics.
Define: What is chemistry?
Checking Concepts #1-5 on your own paper.
Thinking Critically #6-7 is extra credit.
Section 1-3 What are the states of matter?
1. States of matter:
a. States are different forms of the same substance. Ex. Water can exist as
ice, liquid, or water vapor.
b. There are four states of matter- solid, liquid, gas, & plasma (found in the
stars & our sun). See figure 1-6, p.20.
Identify: In what states can matter exist?
2.
Solids:
a. A solid is matter that has a definite shape and volume.
b. Particles are packed tightly together & cannot change position easily.
c. Can vibrate-move back & forth in place.
Define: What is a solid?
3. Liquids:
a. Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape.
b. Particles can change position, slide past one another.
c. Takes the shape of it’s container.
Explain: Why can liquids change shape?
4.
Gases:
a. Gases have no definite shape and no definite volume.
b. Takes the shape of its container, and fills it up.
c. Particles are in constant motion & very far apart.
Define: What is a gas?
5.
Another State of Matter:
a. Plasma is matter made up of small, electrically charged particles.
b. Used to make TV’s, street lamps, & fluorescent tubes.
Define: What is plasma?
Checking Concepts #1-5 on your own paper.
Thinking Critically #6-7 is extra credit.
Section 1-4 How Does Matter Change States?
1. State Changes:
a. Change of State is a change in matter from one state to another like
water changing from ice to a liquid.
b. During a change of state, heat energy is either gained or lost.
Describe: What is a change of state?
2.
Freezing & Melting:
a. Freezing- a change from liquid to solid as a substance loses heat energy.
b. Melting- change from a solid to a liquid as a substance gains heat energy.
c. Discuss the relationship of freezing point and melting point.
Explain: What causes a liquid to freeze?
3.
Evaporation & Condensation:
a. Evaporation-a change from a liquid to a gas at the surface of the liquid
by gaining heat energy.
b. Condensation-a change from a gas to a liquid as the gas loses heat
energy.
c. Discuss examples of each.
Explain: What causes condensation?
4.
Sublimation:
a. Sublimation-the changing of a solid directly to a gas, without becoming a
liquid by gaining heat energy.
b. Examples include moth balls, dry ice, and iodine.
c. Discuss RLS Fog Machines on p.23.
Define: What is sublimation?
Checking Concepts #1-5 on you own paper.
Thinking Critically #6-7 is extra credit.
The Big Idea pp.24-25
Read through the material in class and discuss or write science log activity.
Section 1-5 What are physical, chemical changes?
1. Physical Properties:
a. Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured
without changing the makeup of the substance.
b. Discuss examples of physical properties.
List: What are some physical properties of matter?
2.
Physical Changes:
a. Physical Change- does not produce new substances.
b. Discuss examples of physical change. See figure 1-11, p. 26.
Define: What is a physical change?
3.
Chemical Change:
a. Chemical Change-results in new kinds of matter being formed.
b. Discuss examples of chemical change. See figure 1-12, p.26.
Contrast: How is a physical change different from a chemical change?
Checking Concepts #1-5 on your own paper.
Thinking Critically #6-7 is extra credit.
Hands On Activity p.27. Demonstrate #1-4.
1. What did you observe coming from the surface of
the water?
What caused this to happen?
2. What did you see near the top in Step 3?
What caused this to happen?
3. Did you see anything fall inside the bottle in step 4?
Explain what you saw & how it was produced.