Division Of Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire
Barbarian Invasions
Battle of Adrinople
Barbarian Kingdoms
Spread Of Islam
Battle of Tours
• Charles “The Hammer” Martel
• Stopped Muslim Advance in Europe
Empire Of Charlemagne
Chuck and Pope
Division of
Empire of
Chuck
Feudalism In Italy
Feudalism
• 1. What is Feudalism?
• 2. Why did Feudalism develop in Europe after
the fall of the Roman Empire?
• 3. What were the benefits of Feudalism?
• 4. What were the weaknesses of Feudalism?
Feudalism
Homage
Chivalry:
Code of
Conduct
Homage Ceremony
Fear Of Hell
Hell
Manorialism
Spread Of Islam
Calls for the First Crusade
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Jerusalem Falls to Muslims in 600’s
Muslims threaten Eastern Orthodox Constantinople
Safety of pilgrims threatened
Pope Urban II- 1095 “Deus vult!” (God Wills it!)
Immediate salvation in heaven
First Crusade 1095-1099
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Led by French
knights
3 separate armies
converge in
Constantinople
and march on
Jerusalem
Massacre Jews
on the way
Lay siege to
Jerusalem in
1099 A.D.
Massacre
Muslims in
Jerusalem
Set up feudal
Crusader States
The Crusades
Second Crusade 1147-1149 A.D.
• Crusader states are losing territory and
threatened by growing power of Muslims
• Crusade is unsuccessful because kings
leading the crusades argued.
Third Crusade 1189-1192
“Crusade of the Kings”
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Saladin united Muslim forces
and captured Jerusalem in 1187
Holy Roman Emperor Frederick
Barbarossa of Germany-died on
the way
King Phillip Augustus of Franceleft
King Richard I “Lionhearted”
– Could not win a decisive
battle
– Signed a truce
Results of Crusades
•
Helped break down Feudalism and increased power and
authority of kings 100 years of contact between Crusaders
and more sophisticated civilizations of Byzantine and
Muslims helped end Europe’s cultural isolation– Kings levied taxes, Raised armies, Cooperated on large scale
– Some nobles died on crusades and land taken by kings
– Some lesser nobles sold land to peasants and serfs to raise money
for crusades
– Demand for luxury items of east increased trade (spices, sugar,
melons, silk) Italian cities of Venice and Genoa flourished.
• The banking system developed
– built better ships, better maps, magnetic compass, gunpowder
– Death from crusades and Black death created more demand and
power for Peasants and Middle Class