Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
T E AC H E R N OT E S
Background to the novel
Dickens’ second novel Oliver Twist was first published in 1837-8 and was important (as were many of
Dickens’ novels) in raising awareness of childhood deprivation during the Victorian era. Dickens was one of
the first ‘celebrities’ to become very famous for his writing.
In the story Oliver’s mother Agnes has died in the workhouse at Oliver’s birth without revealing who his
father was. Oliver is brought up as an orphan and moved at the age of 9 to the workhouse. Here he falls
under the strict authority of Mr Bumble the beadle. At the beginning of the first extract in text 1 (from
chapter 3) he has been brought to the undertakers Mr & Mrs Sowerberry to work as an apprentice.
The second extract is from chapter 28 when the sinister Monks is trying to track down information about
Oliver’s mother. He finds the Bumbles and asks them about Agnes (who they refer to as Sally).
1. Mrs Sowerberry (comprehension/language development)
You will need:
• to explain a bit about what has happened to Oliver before reading text 1 (see above)
• copies of text 1 – Mrs Sowerberry
•dictionaries
• copies of worksheet 1 – Mrs Sowerberry
The purpose of this is to help to understand some of Dickens’ more challenging phrases and to begin to
get a picture of what a degraded life Oliver is leading. Children look for the focus words and phrases in the
passage and talk in groups about the implications of them before looking up dictionary meanings. Make
sure that by the end of the activity they understand that Oliver is hungry enough to be excited by the
prospect of leftovers put aside for the dog, Trip.
2. Children in the 21st Century (PSHE/Art/IT)
You will need:
• access to the internet to research child deprivation
• copies of worksheet 2 – Children in the 21st Century
• card to be cut
• paint or pens
•scissors
Now that the children know a bit about Oliver’s situation they are going to discuss how such things can
happen and whether there are any examples of comparable circumstances in the world of today.
Amnesty International and UNICEF have resources that may help. You might want to narrow down the
search so that the children find the most useful sites.
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Page 1 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
T E AC H E R N OT E S
The children research child poverty and deprivation and make notes about what is happening in
the 21st century. They prepare a presentation about this, eg. in Powerpoint. Then they draw on
card round their hand and cut the card out and draw a picture on it of the issue about which they
feel most strongly.
You could develop this into an assembly for the rest of the school and make a display with the hands.
3. Names (reading for meaning)
You will need:
• copies of worksheet 3 – Names
• access to the internet to research Dickens’ names from other books (for extension activity)
Dickens is famous for giving his characters names that tell us what they will be like. There are 5 short
passages that give us clues to the people they describe. Match the names with their passages.
Extension activity: Find out some of the names from other books that Dickens wrote and guess what their
characters might be like.
4. Mr Monks & Mrs Bumble (playwrighting)
You will need:
• copies of worksheet 4 – Mr Monks & Mrs Bumble (two pages)
• copies of the extract Mr Monks & Mrs Bumble
•dictionaries
Explain how the story has progressed as outlined at the top of the extract. There are some tricky words
that will need explanation such as trinket, pawnbroker’s, duplicate, redeemed. Without understanding the
definition of these, the meaning of the extract as a whole could be lost.
The play can either be written using the words from the extract or with the children interpreting the
meanings in their own words.
Children can act out the scene in pairs or groups with a director helping them to develop the appropriate
sense of doom.
5. The locket (descriptive writing)
You will need:
• copies of worksheet 5 – The Locket (two pages, questions and a writing frame)
• a locket (if possible, pictures if not).
• copies of both extracts for each person
• highlighter pens in 2 colours
In the first or both extracts highlight all the adjectives in one colour and the adverbs in another as a
reminder of how powerful they are in Dickens’ writing.
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Page 2 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
T E AC H E R N OT E S
Explain what a locket is and why people like them. Monks takes the locket in the second extract.
The children are going to imagine they have been given a locket by a stranger and they are going to
describe the imaginary locket and person.
6.Quiz
You will need:
• copies of worksheet 6 – Quiz
• copies of the extract
• all the work done so far
• a prize!
Children are going to make up a quiz about Oliver Twist using all the work they have done so far.
Encourage them to ask you questions about anything that they are unclear about in the story as they write
their quizzes.
Pool the quiz questions and make teams to compete for a prize.
7.Review
You will need:
• copies of worksheet 7 – Review
• the work that has been done
Encourage the children to read more of the book and to investigate other works by Charles Dickens.
Remind them that the writings of authors like this in the 19th century had a profound effect on people’s
perceptions of how children should be treated and that the impact of literature can be greater than the
power to entertain.
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Page 3 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
T E AC H E R N OT E S
Curriculum Links
History
• This project would sit well within a wider project about the Victorians and their values.
• Time line: this is a very early book and it would be interesting to plot the significant milestones in the
rights of children between then and now.
PSHE
• The reason that Agnes is having to hide her identity and is not living in a happy home when Oliver is
born is that she is an unmarried mother. It might be appropriate to investigate the changing morals
around this issue.
• Fagin The Jew: in other parts of the book the character Fagin is regularly referred to as The Jew. You
could investigate the ways that people refer to each other has changed.
Art
• Dickens describes things in great detail throughout his writing. A description could be chosen to draw
in detail using pencils and water-colours.
Film Link
• If you can source a film of Oliver Twist it would be interesting to see how the written text is treated
on film.
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Page 4 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
TEXT
1. Mrs Sowerberry
From Chapter 3
Mrs. Sowerberry emerged from a little room
behind the shop, and presented the form of a
short, thin, squeezed-up woman, with a vixenish
countenance.
‘My dear,’ said Mr. Sowerberry, deferentially,
‘this is the boy from the workhouse that I told
you of.’ Oliver bowed again.
‘Dear me!’ said the undertaker’s wife, ‘he’s
very small.’
‘Why, he is rather small,’ replied Mr. Bumble:
looking at Oliver as if it were his fault that he was
no bigger; ‘he is small. There’s no denying it. But
he’ll grow, Mrs. Sowerberry – he’ll grow.’
‘Ah! I dare say he will,’ replied the lady pettishly,
‘on our victuals and our drink. I see no saving in
parish children, not I; for they always cost more to
keep, than they’re worth. However, men always
think they know best. There! Get downstairs,
little bag o’ bones.’ With this, the undertaker’s
wife opened a side door, and pushed Oliver
down a steep flight of stairs into a stone cell,
damp and dark: forming the ante-room to the
coal-cellar, and denominated ‘kitchen’; wherein
sat a slatternly girl, in shoes down at heel, and
blue worsted stockings very much out of repair.
‘Here, Charlotte,’ said Mr. Sowerberry, who
had followed Oliver down, ‘give this boy some of
the cold bits that were put by for Trip. He hasn’t
come home since the morning, so he may go
without ‘em. I dare say the boy isn’t too dainty to
eat ‘em – are you, boy?’
Oliver, whose eyes had glistened at the
mention of meat, and who was trembling with
eagerness to devour it, replied in the negative;
and a plateful of coarse broken victuals was
set before him, which he devoured with all the
ferocity of famine.
‘Well,’ said the undertaker’s wife, when Oliver
had finished his supper: which she had regarded
in silent horror, and with fearful auguries of his
future appetite: ‘have you done?’
There being nothing eatable within his reach,
Oliver replied in the affirmative.
‘Then come with me,’ said Mrs. Sowerberry:
taking up a dim and dirty lamp, and leading
the way upstairs; ‘your bed’s under the counter.
You don’t mind sleeping among the coffins, I
suppose? But it doesn’t much matter whether
you do or don’t, for you can’t sleep anywhere
else. Come; don’t keep me here all night!’
Oliver lingered no longer, but meekly followed
his new mistress.
2. Mr Monks & Mrs Bumble
From Chapter 28
He thrust his hand into a side-pocket; and
producing a canvas bag, told out twenty-five
sovereigns on the table, and pushed them over
to the woman.
‘Now,’ he said, ‘gather them up; and when this
© Puffin Books 2015
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cursed peal of thunder, which I feel is coming up
to break over the housetop, is gone, let’s hear
your story.’
The thunder, which seemed in fact much
nearer, and to shiver and break almost over their
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Page 5 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
TEXT
heads, having subsided, Monks, raising his face
from the table, bent forward to listen to what the
woman should say. The faces of the three nearly
touched, as the two men leant over the small
table in their eagerness to hear, and the woman
also leant forward to render her whisper audible.
The sickly rays of the suspended lantern falling
directly upon them, aggravated the paleness
and anxiety of their countenances: which, encircled by the deepest gloom and darkness, looked
ghastly in the extreme.
‘When this woman, that we called old Sally,
died,’ the matron began, ‘she and I were alone.’
‘Good,’ said Monks, regarding her attentively.
‘Go on.’
‘She spoke of a young creature,’ resumed the
matron, ‘who had brought a child into the world
some years before; not merely in the same room,
but in the same bed, in which she then lay dying.’
‘Ay?’ said Monks, with quivering lip, and
glancing over his shoulder, ‘Blood! How things
come about!’
‘The child was the one you named to him last
night,’ said the matron, nodding carelessly towards
her husband; ‘the mother this nurse had robbed.’
‘In life?’ asked Monks.
‘In death,’ replied the woman, with something
like a shudder. ‘She stole from the corpse, when
it had hardly turned to one, that which the dead
mother had prayed her, with her last breath, to
keep for the infant’s sake.’
‘She sold it?’ cried Monks, with desperate
eagerness; ‘did she sell it? Where? When? To
whom? How long before?’
‘As she told me, with great difficulty, that she
had done this,’ said the matron, ‘she fell back
and died.’
‘Without saying more?’ cried Monks, in a
voice which, from its very suppression, seemed
only the more furious. ‘It’s a lie! I’ll not be played
with. She said more. I’ll tear the life out of you
both, but I’ll know what it was.’
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‘She didn’t utter another word,’ said the
woman, to all appearance unmoved (as
Mr Bumble was very far from being) by the
strange man’s violence; ‘but she clutched my
gown, violently, with one hand, which was partly
closed; and when I saw that she was dead, and
so removed the hand by force, I found it clasped
a scrap of dirty paper.’
‘Which contained –’ interposed Monks,
stretching forward.
‘Nothing,’ replied the woman; ‘it was a
pawnbroker’s duplicate.’
‘For what?’ demanded Monks.
‘In good time I’ll tell you,’ said the woman.
‘I judge that she had kept the trinket, for some
time, in the hope of turning it to better account;
and then had pawned it; and had saved or
scraped together money to pay the pawnbroker’s interest year by year, and prevent its
running out; so that if anything came of it, it
could still be redeemed. Nothing had come of
it; and, as I tell you, she died with the scrap of
paper, all worn and tattered, in her hand. The
time was out in two days; I thought something
might one day come of it too; and so redeemed
the pledge.’
‘Where is it now?’ asked Monks quickly.
‘There,’ replied the woman. And, as if glad
to be relieved of it, she hastily threw upon the
table a small kid bag scarcely large enough for a
French watch, which Monks pouncing upon, tore
open with trembling hands. It contained a little
gold locket: in which were two locks of hair, and
a plain gold wedding-ring.
‘It has the word “Agnes” engraved on the
inside,’ said the woman. ‘There is a blank left for
the surname; and then follows the date; which is
within a year before the child was born. I found
out that.’
‘And this is all?’ said Monks, after a close and
eager scrutiny of the contents of the little packet.
‘All,’ replied the woman.
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Page 6 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
WO R K S H E E T 1
Mrs Sowerberry
Find each word or phrase in the extract and read the sentences around it to help you
to work out what it means in this context. Use a dictionary to help you write a sentence
using each word or phrase correctly.
Word/phrase
I think it means
The dictionary helped me write
vixenish
countenance
undertaker
pettishly
bag o’ bones
coal-cellar
slatternly
down at heel
worsted stockings
very much out of repair
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Page 7 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
WO R K S H E E T 1
cold bits
too dainty
victuals
ferocity
famine
auguries
coffins
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Page 8 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
WO R K S H E E T 2
Children in the 21st Century.
Make notes from your investigations on the internet about the things that some children
in the world have to endure.
Prepare a presentation about this for the whole class.
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Page 9 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
WO R K S H E E T 3
Names
… robber of fifty years, whose nose had been almost beaten in, in some
Rose, a kind young lady
scuffle, and whose face bore a frightful scar which might probably be
who likes reading in the
traced to the same occasion. This man was a returned transport, and his
garden.
name was ..........................................................
After walking about a quarter of a mile, they stopped before a detached
Kags a thief of about
house surrounded by a wall: to the top .......................................................... which,
50 with scars.
scarcely pausing to take breath, climbed in a twinkling.
Then, he would walk with Mrs Maylie and .......................................................... and hear
Toby Crackit a thief
them talk of books; or perhaps sit near them, in some shady place, and listen
who climbs walls and
whilst the young lady read until it grew too dark to see the letters.
breaks into houses
very easily.
Mr .......................................................... was an old friend of his, and he must not mind
Mrs Mann, a cruel,
his being a little rough in his manners; for he was a worthy creature at
unfeminine woman who
bottom, as he had reason to know
beats children.
Mrs. .......................................................... emerged from a little room behind the
Mr Grimwig, a kind man
shop, and presented the form of a short, then, squeezed-up woman, with a
underneath but grumpy
vixenish countenance
on the outiside.
Oliver was about to say that he would go along with anybody with great
Mrs Sowerberry, an
readiness, when, glancing upward, he caught sight of ..........................................................
unpleasant small
who had got behind the beadle’s chair, and was shaking her fist at him with
woman with a nasty
a furious countenance. He took the hint at once, for the fist had been too
expression.
often impressed upon his body not to be deeply impressed upon
his recollection.
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Page 10 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
WO R K S H E E T 4
Mr Monks & Mrs Bumble
When you have heard the second extract from the book describing the evil Monks
trying to get information from Mrs Bumble about Oliver’s mother, use the text to turn
it into a play script. Put the speaker’s name in the margin with a colon (:) and remember
you do not need to use speech marks for a play.
Don’t forget to include stage directions (in brackets) that tell the actors what to do.
There are only two people in the piece who speak and they are are Mr Monks and Mrs
Bumble (referred to as the Matron)
Think of a title for the piece when you have finished. The first few lines are done for you.
If there are any words that you do not know look them up in a dictionary.
Title:
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(Mr Monks puts his hand in his pocket and…)
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Monks
Now! Gather them up and when this cursed peal
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of thunder, which I feel is coming to break over the
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housetop is gone, let’s hear your story.
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(A thunder clap is heard and Mrs Bumble leans forward
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looking pale.)
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Mrs Bumble
When this woman…
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Page 11 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
WO R K S H E E T 4
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Page 12 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
WO R K S H E E T 5
The Locket
As you have already seen, Charles Dickens was very good at describing things,
people and places. Highlight as many adjectives and adverbs as you can find
in the extracts.
Now is your chance to do some describing of your own.
Imagine you have been given a locket. It is special, valuable and beautiful. You are going
to answer the questions about your imaginary locket and then write a description of it
and the stranger who gave it to you.
What is your locket
made out of?
What is inside it?
Are there any jewels
on it?
What is on the
outside?
Does it have a chain?
How tall was the
person who gave it
to you?
Was it a man, woman,
child, teenager?
What was their
skin like?
What were their
clothes like?
What was their
hair like?
How did they talk?
Why did they give
you the locket?
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Page 13 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
WO R K S H E E T 5
Now use the answers to the questions above to write a vivid description of the
person giving you the locket and how you felt.
Try to make it mysterious in some way, and don’t forget to tell us where you were when
you got the locket.
You can give your mysterious stranger a Dickensian type of name that tells us something
about him or her.
The Mysterious Locket
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Page 14 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
WO R K S H E E T 6
Quiz
You are going to make up 6 quiz questions about Oliver Twist based on what you have
studied so far. Make sure you ask questions that you know the answer to yourself.
Q uiz
1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
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6.
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Page 15 of 16
Oliver Twist
By Charles Dickens
WO R K S H E E T 7
Reviewing what we have done
Good bits
Bad bits
Do you want to read the rest of the book? ...........................................................................................................................................
Why?
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What did you learn from working on this project?
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Page 16 of 16
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