OPENSTAX HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PRONUNCIATION GUIDE Chapter Module Key Term 24 5 cecum 3 2 centriole 13 3 cerebral aqueduct 12 3 cerebral cortex 14 3 cerebral peduncles 12 2 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 3 1 channel protein 14 1 chemoreceptor 25 3 cholecystokinin (CCK) 4 3 chondrocytes 14 1 choroid 3 3 chromatin 3 3 chromosome 24 2 chyme 3 2 cilia 9 5 circumduction 22 1 cisterna chyli 14 1 cochlear duct 3 4 codon 2 4 colloid 14 1 cone photoreceptor 14 1 conjunctiva 14 1 cornea 29 1 corona radiata 18 6 cortisol 2 2 covalent bond 7 2 cranium 10 3 creatine phosphate 4 1 cutaneous membrane 3 5 cytokinesis 3 2 cytoplasm Pronunciation se'kum sen'tre-­‐ol ser'ĕ-­‐bral, sĕ-­‐re'bral ser'ĕ-­‐bral, sĕ-­‐re'bral kor'teks ser'ĕ-­‐bral, sĕ-­‐re'bral ser"ĕ-­‐bro-­‐spi'nal pro'tēn ke"mo-­‐re-­‐sep'ter ko"le-­‐sis"to-­‐ki'nin kon'dro-­‐sīts ko'roid kro'mah-­‐tin kro'mo-­‐somz kīm sil'e-­‐ah ser"kum-­‐duk'shun sis-­‐ter'nah ki'li dukt ko'don kol'oid fo"to-­‐re-­‐sep'tor kon"junk-­‐ti'vah kor'ne-­‐ah kor-­‐o'nah ra-­‐de-­‐ah'tah kor'tih-­‐sol ko-­‐va'lent kra'ne-­‐um kre'ah-­‐tin fos-­‐fāt ku-­‐ta'ne-­‐us si"to-­‐kĭ-­‐ne'sis si'to-­‐plazm Copyright 2011-2013, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.
24 24 27 12 2 12 5 5 19 6 20 6 16 3 3 13 5 16 12 28 4 20 20 6 4 28 10 6 4 13 2 12 5 28 23 10 15 6 6 4 19 18 4 2 3 2 1 5 4 2 1 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 5 1 3 2 1 4 1 2 2 3 2 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 3 1 3 8 2 defecation deglutition dehydration dendrite deoxyribonucleic acid depolarization dermal papilla desmosome diapedesis diaphysis diastole diploë diplopia DNA polymerase DNA replication dural sinus eccrine sweat gland edema effector protein ejaculatory duct elastic cartilage electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) endocardium endochondral ossification endoderm endometrium endomysium endosteum endothelium enteric plexus enzyme ependymal cell epidermis epididymis epiglottis epimysium epinephrine epiphyseal line epiphyseal plate epithelial tissue erythrocyte estrogens exocrine gland def"ih-­‐ka'shun deg"loo-­‐tish'un de"hi-­‐dra'shun den'drīt de-­‐ok"sĭ-­‐ri"bo-­‐nu-­‐kla'ik de-­‐po"ler-­‐ah-­‐za'shun pah-­‐pil'ah dez'muh-­‐sōm di"ah-­‐pĕ-­‐de'sis di-­‐af'ĭ-­‐sis di-­‐as'to-­‐le dip'lo-­‐e dĭ-­‐plo'pe-­‐ah de-­‐ok"sĭ-­‐ri"bo-­‐nu-­‐kla'ik de-­‐ok"sĭ-­‐ri"bo-­‐nu-­‐kla'ik si'nus ek'rin ĕ-­‐de'mah ef-­‐ek'ter pro'tēn dukt kar'tĭ-­‐lij e-­‐lek"tro-­‐car'de-­‐o-­‐gram" en"do-­‐kar'de-­‐um en"do-­‐kon'dral os"ĭ-­‐fi-­‐ka'shun en'do-­‐derm en"do-­‐me'tre-­‐um en"do-­‐mis'e-­‐um en-­‐dos'te-­‐um en"do-­‐the'le-­‐um plek'sus en'zīm ĕ-­‐pen'dĭ-­‐mul ep"ĭ-­‐der'mis ep"ĭ-­‐dĭ'dĭ-­‐mis eh"puh-­‐glah'tis ep"ĭ-­‐mis'e-­‐um ep"ĭ-­‐nef'rin e"pĭ-­‐fis'e-­‐ul e"pĭ-­‐fis'e-­‐ul ep"ĭ-­‐the'le-­‐ul e-­‐rith'ro-­‐sīt es'tro-­‐jenz ek'so-­‐krin Copyright 2011-2013, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.
3 7 24 26 14 11 3 11 10 24 19 19 4 9 11 25 9 28 18 7 7 29 7 7 7 7 28 18 28 12 15 29 29 28 9 12 26 23 18 18 25 3 25 1 2 5 2 1 3 1 1 5 5 5 1 3 6 1 1 5 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 7 1 6 1 5 1 9 6 2 1 2 exocytosis external acoustic meatus external anal sphincter external urinary sphincter exteroceptor extrinsic eye muscles facilitated diffusion fascicle fast oxidative (FO) feces fibrin fibrinogen fibroblast fibular collateral ligament fixator flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) flexion follicle follicle-­‐stimulating hormone (FSH) foramen lacerum foramen magnum foramen ovale foramen ovale of the middle cranial fossa foramen rotundum foramen spinosum frontal sinus fundus G protein gamete ganglion ganglionic neuron gastrulation genotype glans penis glenohumeral ligament glial cell glomerular filtration rate (GFR) glottis glucagon glucocorticoids gluconeogenesis glycocalyx glycolysis ek"so-­‐si-­‐to'sis me-­‐a'tus sfink'ter sfink'ter ek"ster-­‐o-­‐sep'tor ek-­‐strin'sik dĭ-­‐fu'zhun fas'ĭ-­‐kl ok'sĭ-­‐da"tiv fe'sēz fi'brin fi-­‐brin'o-­‐jin fi'bro-­‐blast lig'ah-­‐ment fix'a-­‐ter ad'ĕ-­‐nēn flek'shun fah'lih-­‐kul fah'lih-­‐kul fo-­‐ra'men fo-­‐ra'men fo-­‐ra'men fo-­‐ra'men fos'ah fo-­‐ra'men fo-­‐ra'men si'nus fun'dus pro'tēn gam'ēt gang'gle-­‐on gan"gle-­‐ah'nik nu'ron gas"troo-­‐la'shun jen'o-­‐tīp pe'nis lig'ah-­‐ment gle'al glo-­‐mer'yoo-­‐ler glah'tis gloo'kah-­‐gon gloo"ko-­‐kor'tĭ-­‐koidz gloo"ko-­‐ne"o-­‐jen'ĕ-­‐sis gli"ko-­‐kal'iks gli-­‐kol'ĭ-­‐sis Copyright 2011-2013, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.
3 28 18 28 15 14 14 7 19 6 19 19 19 19 19 24 21 21 24 24 24 24 29 22 4 1 3 29 4 27 18 10 10 7 18 13 21 20 24 24 9 15 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 5 2 5 6 5 5 6 6 5 5 7 2 1 5 5 7 3 4 9 8 6 2 3 2 4 1 5 5 6 1 6 Golgi apparatus gonadotropin-­‐releasing hormone (GnRH) gonadotropins gonads greater splanchnic nerve gustation gustatory receptor cells hard palate hematocrit hematopoiesis heme hemoglobin hemophilia hemopoiesis hemostasis hepatic artery hepatic artery proper hepatic portal system hepatic portal vein hepatic vein hepatopancreatic ampulla hepatopancreatic sphincter heterozygous histamine histology homeostasis homologous homozygous hyaline cartilage hypercapnia hyperglycemia hyperplasia hypertrophy hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa hypophyseal portal system hypothalamus hypovolemic shock hypoxia ileocecal sphincter ileum iliofemoral ligament inferior mesenteric ganglion inflammation gol'je gon"ah-­‐do-­‐trōp'in gon"ah-­‐do-­‐trōp'inz go'nads splangk'nik gus-­‐ta'shun re-­‐sep'tor pal'at he-­‐mat'o-­‐krit hem"ah-­‐to-­‐poi-­‐e'sis hēm he'muh-­‐glo-­‐bin he"mo-­‐fil'e-­‐ah he"mo-­‐poi-­‐e'sis he"mo-­‐sta'sis hĕ-­‐pat'ik hĕ-­‐pat'ik hĕ-­‐pat'ik hĕ-­‐pat'ik vān" hĕ-­‐pat'ik vān" pan"kre-­‐at'ik am-­‐pul'lah pan"kre-­‐at'ik sfink'ter het"er-­‐o-­‐zi'gus his'tuh-­‐mēn his-­‐tol'o-­‐je ho"me-­‐o-­‐sta'sis ho-­‐mol'ŏ-­‐gus ho-­‐mo-­‐zi'gus hi'ah-­‐līn kar'tĭ-­‐lij hi"per-­‐kap'ne-­‐ah hi"per-­‐gli-­‐se'me-­‐ah hi"per-­‐pla'ze-­‐ah hi-­‐per'trah-­‐fe hi"po-­‐fiz'-­‐e-­‐al (pĭ-­‐tu'ih-­‐tayr"e) fos'ah hi"po-­‐fiz'-­‐e-­‐al sis-­‐tem hi"po-­‐thal'ah-­‐mus hi"po-­‐vo-­‐le'mik hi-­‐pok'se-­‐ah il"e-­‐o-­‐se'kal sfink'ter il'e-­‐um lig'ah-­‐ment mes"en-­‐ter'ik gang'gle-­‐on in"flah-­‐ma'shun Copyright 2011-2013, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.
7 18 12 3 5 10 22 7 24 13 14 27 7 6 2 2 9 10 10 2 24 7 26 5 25 2 28 28 7 14 29 24 10 28 28 7 4 23 23 13 19 19 13 2 3 5 1 1 7 2 2 5 3 1 1 3 4 2 2 6 4 4 1 5 2 4 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 6 5 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 infraorbital foramen infundibulum inhibitory post-­‐synaptic potential (IPSP) integral protein integumentary system intercalated disc interferons internal acoustic meatus internal anal sphincter internal carotid artery interoceptor interstitial fluid (IF) intervertebral disc intramembranous ossification ion ionic bond ischiofemoral ligament isometric contraction isotonic contraction isotope jejunum jugular foramen juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) keratin ketone bodies kinetic energy labia majora labia minora lacrimal bone lacrimal gland lactation lacteal lactic acid lactiferous ducts lactiferous sinus lambdoid suture lamina propria laryngopharynx larynx lateral sulcus leukocytosis leukopenia limbic system fo-­‐ra'men in"fun-­‐dib'u-­‐lum post-­‐si-­‐nap'tik pro'tēn in-­‐teg"u-­‐men'tar-­‐e sis-­‐tem in-­‐ter'kah-­‐la"ted in-­‐ter-­‐fēr'ons me-­‐a'tus sfink'ter kar-­‐rot'id in"ter-­‐o-­‐sep'tor in"ter-­‐stish'al in"ter-­‐ver'teh-­‐brul os"ĭ-­‐fi-­‐ka'shun ī'on ī-­‐ah'nik lig'ah-­‐ment i"so-­‐mĕ'trik i"so-­‐tah'nik i'so-­‐tōp jĕ-­‐joo'num fo-­‐ra'men juks"tah-­‐glo-­‐mer'u-­‐lar ker'ah-­‐tin ke'tōn ki-­‐net'ik la'be-­‐ah la'be-­‐ah lak'ri-­‐mal lak'ri-­‐mal lak-­‐ta'shun lak'te-­‐al lak'tik dukts si'nus soo'cher lam'ĭ-­‐nah fayr'inks lar'ingks sul'kus loo"ko-­‐si-­‐to'sis loo"ko-­‐pe'ne-­‐ah lim'bik sis-­‐tem Copyright 2011-2013, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.
2 25 24 13 14 13 13 7 21 18 22 22 22 3 19 14 24 28 7 7 24 7 14 14 5 5 18 28 13 13 4 4 27 27 25 1 12 5 3 12 3 26 7 5 3 7 2 3 4 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 3 1 5 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 7 2 3 1 3 1 5 5 6 3 5 4 2 2 2 2 2 lipids lipogenesis lipoprotein lipase longitudinal fissure lumbar enlargement lumbar plexus lumbar puncture lumbar vertebrae lumen luteinizing hormone (LH) lymph node lymphatic capillaries lymphatic trunks lysosome macrophage macula major duodenal papilla mammary glands mandible mandibular fossa mastication maxillary sinus mechanoreceptor medial geniculate nucleus medulla melanin melatonin menarche meninges mesencephalon mesenchyme mesoderm metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis metabolic rate metabolism metabotropic receptor metastasis microfilament microglia microtubule micturition middle cranial fossa lih'pids lĭ-­‐po-­‐jen'eh-­‐sis lĭ-­‐po-­‐pro'tēn fih'sher lum'bar lum'bar plek'sus lum'bar lum'bar loo'min lu'te-­‐in-­‐īz"ing limf lim-­‐fat'ik kap'il-­‐layr"ēs lim-­‐fat'ik li'so-­‐sōm mak'ro-­‐fāj" mak'u-­‐lah pah-­‐pil'ah mam'mer-­‐e man'dĭ-­‐bl fos'ah mas"tĭ-­‐ka'shun si'nus meh"kĕ-­‐no-­‐re-­‐sep'tor me'de-­‐ahl nu'kle-­‐is mĕ-­‐dul'ah mel'ah-­‐nin mel"ah-­‐to'nin mĕ-­‐nar'ke mĕ-­‐nin'jēz mes"en-­‐sef'ah-­‐lon meh'zin-­‐kīm mez'o-­‐derm mĕt"ah-­‐bol'ik as"ĭ-­‐do'sis mĕt"ah-­‐bol'ik al"kah-­‐lo'sis mĕt"ah-­‐bol'ik mĕ-­‐tab'o-­‐lizm re-­‐sep'tor mĕ-­‐tas'tah-­‐sis mi"kro-­‐fil'ah-­‐ment mi-­‐kro'gle-­‐ah mi"kro-­‐tu'būl mik"tu-­‐rish'un fos'ah Copyright 2011-2013, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.
18 25 3 24 22 2 29 4 24 15 12 20 20 10 28 23 7 7 26 13 4 12 12 2 25 12 14 29 15 3 3 2 12 7 14 12 28 28 7 14 14 13 14 6 7 2 3 2 5 2 1 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 4 5 1 5 1 1 5 1 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 2 mineralocorticoids minerals mitochondrion molar monocyte monosaccharide morula mucous membrane mucous neck cell muscarinic receptor myelin sheath myocardial infarction myocardium myofibril myometrium nasal bone nasal cavity nasal septum nephrons nerve plexus neuroglia neuron neuropeptide neutron nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) nicotinic receptor nociceptor nonshivering thermogenesis norepinephrine nucleolus nucleosome nucleotide nucleus nucleus pulposus olfactory epithelium oligodendrocyte oocyte oogenesis optic canal optic chiasma optic disc optic nerve optic tract min"er-­‐al"ō-­‐kor'tih-­‐koydz min'er-­‐alz mi"to-­‐kon'dre-­‐on mo'lar mon'o-­‐sīt mon"o-­‐sak'ah-­‐rīd mor'u-­‐lah myoo'kus myoo'kus mus"kah-­‐rin'ik re-­‐sep'tor mi'ĕ-­‐lin mi"o-­‐kar'de-­‐al in-­‐fark'shun mi"o-­‐kar'de-­‐um mi"o-­‐fi'bril mi"o-­‐me'tre-­‐um na'sal na'sal na'sal nef'rons plek'sus nu-­‐rog'le-­‐ah nu'ron nu"ro-­‐pep'tīd nu'tron ad'ĕ-­‐nēn dĭ-­‐nu'kle-­‐o-­‐tīd nik"o-­‐tin'ik re-­‐sep'tor no"se-­‐sep'tor ther"mo-­‐jen'ĕ-­‐sis nor"ep-­‐ĭ-­‐nef'rin nu-­‐kle'o-­‐lus nu'kle-­‐o-­‐sōm nu'kle-­‐o-­‐tīd nu'kle-­‐is nu'kle-­‐is ep"ĭ-­‐the'le-­‐um ol"ĭ-­‐go-­‐den'dro-­‐sīt o'o-­‐sīt o"o-­‐jen'ĕ-­‐sis op'tik op'tik ki-­‐az'muh op'tik op'tik op'tik Copyright 2011-2013, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.
14 1 23 3 14 6 6 6 6 6 26 6 6 28 28 28 25 25 25 23 18 18 24 18 24 24 14 18 23 15 18 18 13 7 24 13 13 29 22 9 11 11 11 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 3 3 4 10 3 6 2 2 2 1 1 2 5 3 9 7 9 6 7 1 1 1 1 5 5 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 6 5 4 6 organ of Corti organ system oropharynx osmosis ossicles ossification osteoblast osteoclast osteocyte osteoid osteomalacia osteon osteoporosis ovarian cycle ovulation ovum oxidation oxidation–reduction reaction oxidative phosphorylation oxyhemoglobin oxytocin pancreas pancreatic amylase pancreatic islets pancreatic juice pancreatic nuclease papilla paracrine paranasal sinus parasympathetic nervous system parathyroid glands parathyroid hormone (PTH) paravertebral ganglia parietal bone parietal cell parietal lobe parieto-­‐occipital sulcus parturition passive immunity patellar ligament pectoral girdle pelvic diaphragm pelvic girdle kor'tih sis-­‐tem fayr'inks oz-­‐mo'sis ah'sih-­‐kulz os"ĭ-­‐fi-­‐ka'shun os'te-­‐o-­‐blast os'te-­‐o-­‐klast os'te-­‐o-­‐sīt os'te-­‐oid os"te-­‐o-­‐mah-­‐la'she-­‐ah os'te-­‐on os"te-­‐o-­‐po-­‐ro'sis o-­‐vayr'e-­‐an ov"u-­‐la'shun o'vum oks'ĭ-­‐da"shun oks'ĭ-­‐da"shun ok'sĭ-­‐da"tiv fos"for-­‐ĭ-­‐la'shun ok"sĭ-­‐he"mo-­‐glo'bin ok"sĭ-­‐to'sin pan'kre-­‐us pan"kre-­‐at'ik pan"kre-­‐at'ik pan"kre-­‐at'ik pan"kre-­‐at'ik pah-­‐pil'ah par'ah-­‐krin si'nus sis-­‐tem par"ah-­‐thi'roid par"ah-­‐thi'roid par"ah-­‐ver'tĕ-­‐brul gang'gle-­‐ah pah-­‐ri'ĕ-­‐tal pah-­‐ri'ĕ-­‐tal pah-­‐ri'ĕ-­‐tal sul'kus par"tu-­‐rish'un im"ūn'ĭ-­‐te lig'ah-­‐ment pek'tor-­‐al pel'vik di'ah-­‐fram pel'vik Copyright 2011-2013, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.
28 2 20 10 11 9 6 12 3 24 3 3 23 29 2 14 1 18 3 18 18 9 1 5 1 2 4 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 7 5 1 1 7 1 3 3 5 penis peptide bond pericardium perimysium perineum periodontal ligament periosteum peripheral nervous system (PNS) peripheral protein peristalsis peroxisome phagocytosis pharynx phenotype phospholipid photoreceptor physiology pineal gland pinocytosis pituitary dwarfism pituitary gland plantar flexion pe'nis pep'tīd per"ĭ-­‐kar'de-­‐um per"ĭ-­‐mis'e-­‐um per"ĭ-­‐ne'um lig'ah-­‐ment per"e-­‐os'te-­‐um sis-­‐tem pro'tēn per"i-­‐stal'sis pĕ-­‐roks'ĭ-­‐sōm fag"o-­‐si-­‐to'sis fayr'inks fe'no-­‐tīp fos"fo-­‐lip'id fo"to-­‐re-­‐sep'tor fiz"e-­‐ol'o-­‐je pin'e-­‐al pe"no-­‐si-­‐to'sis pĭ-­‐tu'ih-­‐tayr"e pĭ-­‐tu'ih-­‐tayr"e flek'shun Copyright 2011-2013, Rice University. All Rights Reserved.