IFT’s International Division—Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Professor Robert Bates, B.Sc., Ph.D., FIFT; Professor Malcolm Bourne, B.Sc.,
Ph.D., CFS, FIFT; Professor Onuma Okezie, B.Sc., Ph.D., FIFT
Editor: Ian Gordon, M.A., D.Phil., MIL, CChem, FRSC
The Past
―To prepare an acceptable and concise account of the origin and early history of an
organiza-tion such as the Institute of Food Technologists requires something more than a
recording of names and dates. It should also offer some statement as to the causes and
conditions leading to its formation‖ (Blank et al., 1959). This preamble to an article citing
the origin and early history, 1939–1947 by three IFT founders, Samuel C. Prescott, Fredrick
C. Blank, and Law-rence V. Burton, has relevance to the formation, history and evolution
of the International Division (Anonymous, 1952).
IFT‘s international involvement dates back to the beginnings of the Institute (Table 1.
Time-line). IFT originated as the result of several organizational meetings held in the
Northeast United States between 1937 and 1939. It was founded July 1, 1939.
The first meeting at MIT on September 14–17, 1937 was cited as ―the First International
Conference on Food Technology‖ (Prescott, 1950; Goldblith, 1993; Goldblith, 1995). Initiat-ed
by Sam Prescott, Dean of Science, $1,500 was obtained from internal sources to bring in ―a few
foreign scientists‖—a clear indication of international intent. Based on attendance of over 500
and enthusiastic follow -up meetings at Cornell, Geneva, NY, and New York City by
committed food technologists, a Second International Conference was held at MIT, June 29 July1, 1939. This was the IFT founding event with Sam Prescott elected as first president.
―When I came to the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station campus of Cornell
University in Geneva in 1962, three senior professors, Carl Pederson, George Hucker, and
Frank Lee, used to tell me about the meeting of food scientists in Geneva where scientists
from several disciplines who were focusing on food commented that none of their professional societies (ACS, ASM, etc.) were adequately serving their needs and it was decided to
move ahead and form a new professional society and meet again the following year at MIT
to formally organize it,‖ stated Malcolm C. Bourne. ―So it seems to me that IFT was
‗conceived‘ in Geneva and ‗delivered‘ at MIT. William Cruess from Univ. of California
came over by train to attend this meeting in Geneva. George Hucker was the 8th President of
IFT. I re-member Carl Pederson saying that during the discussions in Geneva the question
was raised whether this proposed organization would ever get enough members to create a
critical mass. Carl responded emphatically that he was confident that the membership would
grow to 800 within ten years!‖
Another take on potential member estimates was during an organizational session at the
1939 meeting, prior to the IFT formation approval. Bernard E, Proctor asked Laurence B.
Burton for his estimate; the reply was 200 maximum. George J. Hucker blurted out ―Two
hundred! If we don‘t go to 400, we shall be a failure!‖ (Blank et al., 1959). All were wrong.
Membership capped 1,000 in 1949.
IFT International Division History
It was noted that the 1937 meeting included ―men‖ (the nominal term at the time) from
Can-ada, Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Norway. No mention of the international
make-up of the subsequent 1939 meeting was made, although the same
individuals/organizations were invited. During the Second World War, international efforts
were both restricted by conflict and promoted by military/civilian/refugee feeding
challenges. A founding member, Burton, while serving as a war correspondent in Australia
helped promote IFT. His efforts and those of other IFT members on military service
(notably Carl R. Fellers and Maynard A. Joslyn) resulted in several Australian IFT Sections
being formed in 1947, followed in 1948 by the publication of an associated journal, Food
Technology in Australia. The Australian sections in 1954 proposed the concept of an
International Award, presented at each IFT An-nual Meeting starting in 1956.
IFT’s Australian Connections
―After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and made a drive to capture Australia, an agreement was
quickly made between the American and Australian governments that Australia would be the
base of operations from which the Allies would free the Philippines, Malaysia, and all the other
Pacific countries invaded by the Japanese and that Australia would provide the food for all the
Allied armed services in the Pacific,‖ said Bourne. ―The Australian food industry did not have
the technical expertise to manufacture huge quantities of dehydrated and canned foods and
deliver them throughout the Pacific so the U.S. sent some American food technol-ogists to
provide that expertise. Carl Fellers from the University of Massachusetts, Maynard Joslyn from
University of California, and Robert Schull were sent to Australia to provide that expertise.
John Powers (eventually at the University of Georgia) tells how he was a Ph.D. student of Carl
Fellers at Univ. of Massachusetts when Carl was ordered to leave for Austral-ia within a week.
Carl told him he was to teach his courses and guide the younger students during his absence.
These American food technologists made a huge impact on the Australi-an food industry and
made them realize that science could help them do a better job.‖
These American food technologists returned to the U.S. after the war ended, according to
Bourne. ―A few years later Bob Schull was recruited by Southern Can Co. in Melbourne to
return to Australia and establish a technical service for the canning industry. Bob worked with
his friends from the war years (James Vickery from CSIRO, Fritz Reuter from Universi-ty of
New South Wales and others in industry) to form a section of IFT in Australia. With the support
of IFT staff in Chicago, Section #17 was formed in Australia in 1950. This was the first section
outside the U.S. Because the Australian section grew quickly and Australia is as large as the
continental U.S. a second section #23 was formed in 1953,‖ said Bourne
He continues ―On a personal note, I graduated with a B.Sc. Degree in Chemistry from the
University of Adelaide in December 1948, expecting to work in heavy chemicals. A food
company just 10 minutes away from where I lived with my parents advertised for a chemist so I
stopped by and got the job. Because I had no background in food science I was hungry for any
information that would help me in my job as the first scientist to work for the compa-ny. Late in
1950 I read that a group of food technologists had met in Sydney and were plan-ning another
meeting the following year. I found that the meeting was organized by a group with connections
to a U.S. group called the Institute of Food Technologists so I applied for membership and
became a professional member of IFT in September 1951 and have been a
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IFT International Division History
member ever since. I attended every annual meeting in Australia until I left in 1958 to
pursue graduate studies at the University of California, Davis.‖
―I remember the Executive Director of IFT, Col. Laurence, coming from Chicago to attend
one of these meetings about 1955 and telling us that IFT was committed to promoting
sound food technology around the world, that IFT was delighted to have some sections in
Australia and was looking forward to becoming active in other countries,‖ said Bourne.
―The point of this lengthy account is to show that IFT had a strong interest in international
technology transfer since its earliest days.‖
At the 1954 annual meeting of the Australian sections of IFT, the motion was proposed to
sponsor an International Award to be presented at the annual meeting of IFT in the U.S.
After some discussion and news that IFT staff in Chicago supported the idea, it was
approved. The Aussie sections provided a silver salver and a plaque for this award during
its first years. Lat-er, IFT funded the International Award with a prize of $3,000. In 2004
the award was re-named Bor S. Luh International Award when his widow, Bai Tsian Luh,
furnished the IFT Foundation (now called Feeding Tomorrow) with the funds to endow the
award in perpetuity. Dr. Luh was a Professor of food science at Univ. of California, Davis
and was active in food technology transfer for most of his life. The Australians were very
pleased to learn that Rob-ert Schull was the first recipient of the International Award in
1956 because he had been so active in establishing an IFT presence in Australia.
Appropriately and deservingly, Dr. Malcolm C. Bourne received this prestigious International
Award in 1992. (He later garnered IFT‘s highest honor, the 2011 Nicholas Appert Award.)
IFT’s UK Connections
―At IFT‘s formation in 1939, the first Section of IFT (it was then called "Chapter") namely
the UK Chapter was initiated,‖ said Ralph Blanchfield. ―Raymond Binsted (then Editor of
the UK trade magazine Food Trade Review) was one of those who took part in the initial
meet-ings founding IFT, and, simultaneously with IFT's foundation, he brought into being
the IFT UK Chapter and continued as its Secretary during the fairly quiescent wartime
period and more actively for many years thereafter. At the time there was no procedure for
chartering IFT Sections, and it was only officially chartered as the ‗IFT British Section‘ in
1958. There is a sequel involving an incredible combination of coincidences—you could
not have scripted it. In 2001, Dr. Mary K Schmidl, as President of IFT, visited the UK to
meet the IFT British Section and IFST. Subsequent to her booking her flight to UK,
Raymond Binsted died at the age of 96. His funeral service was just 5 miles from Gatwick
and on the same day that her flight landed there. I met her at Gatwick and took her straight
to the funeral and we arrived just as the service was about to begin. Thus the then current
IFT President attended the funer-al of one of its founders.
Of course, the science and technology pertaining to food is older than the written record, and
global in origin. IFT‘s initial focus was food science/technology issues of U.S. interest. At the
end of World War II hostilities and the peace euphoria that followed, IFT members fo-cused on
rebuilding and expanding, but international activities such as feeding war-torn na-tions were not
ignored. The formation of the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Or-
3
IFT International Division History
ganization (FAO) in 1945 acknowledged the severity of world food problems and IFT
publi-cations reflected this priority.
IFT’s Growth After World War II
The academic and industrial backbone of Food Science & Technology (FS&T) had long been
international, as reflected in the makeup of university FS&T faculties and students, as well as
employment opportunities in the U.S. food industry. The relationship was implicit, yet informal. By 1950, IFT membership was more than 3,000, including professionals from Central and
South America, England, Holland, France, Germany, the Scandinavian Countries, Aus-tralia,
New Zealand, and India (Prescott, 1950). By 1952 it was reported that IFT publica-tions, Food
Technology and Food Research, were being distributed to 54 countries, with 29 having IFT
members (Anonymous, 1952). In the late 1950s, under the leadership of IFT President Emil
Mrak (1957–58) and cooperation from the British Society of Chemical Indus-try, the concept of
an international congress took hold, resulting in the first International Congress of Food Science
& Technology, held in London in 1962. In 1961 IFT formed an ad hoc committee to address
governmental and worldwide food programs. This activity evolved into the World Food
Program Committee. One notable effort was the Technical Assistance Sub-Committee which
matched IFT member expertise with needs of developing countries—a viable two-way conduit
for international cooperation (Rafson, 1963; Jackson, 1963). A roster of 1,400 IFT members
with international interest/experience was developed to assist donor agencies in need of food
specialists. In addition, involved IFT members drew attention to specific FS&T needs abroad
(Guzman, 1963); in this case, Latin America.
The Creation of IUFoST
It is evident that IFT was not operating alone in internationalization efforts. ―In 1960, several
British scientific societies and the UK Government organized a conference in London in
recognition of the Centenary of the 1860 Food and Drugs Act (UK). It was also the 150th anniversary of Appert's publication on the preservation of foods in sealed containers,‖ stated
Joseph H. Hulse, Past President of IUFoST. ―In the week prior to the Food and Drugs conference, Professor John Hawthorn convened a symposium on Recent Advances in Food Science at
the Glasgow Royal College of Science and Technology, which later metamorphosed into
Strathclyde University. [The proceedings, edited by Professor Hawthorn and a colleague J. Muil
Leitch, were published in 1962 by Butterworths]. The Glasgow symposium, to which food
scientists from many nations were invited, was financed by a substantial grant from the Office
of the Science Adviser to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, NATO. During the 1950s and
1960s, NATO evinced a significant interest in food technology. The food and nu-trition
research laboratory in Toronto, of which I was director, carried out an extensive study for
NATO on the bulk storage of food grains examining alternative methods conducive to
stockpiling at dispersed sites.‖
―One evening following dinner during the Glasgow symposium, Professors Hawthorn and EC
Bate-Smith invited a group to meet to discuss the concept of an international food science
society,‖ said Hulse. ―The discussion was splendidly stimulated by Professor Hawthorn's supply
of malt whiskey from a Hebridean distillery. The group included Emil Mrak and George
Stewart from Davis, California, a fellow Canadian Bill Geddes, Dean of Agricultural
Biochemistry at the University of Minnesota, Professor H. D. Kay from the dairy research
4
IFT International Division History
institute at Reading, Tim Anson, an American employed with the Lever Organisation.
Sadly I am the last survivor of that Glasgow group.‖
Joe Hulse, a major International FS&T advocate and recipient of the 1977 IFT International
Award, passed away at 90 in 2013.
The notion of international scientific societies was not unique. ICSU, its predecessor and
the supporting family of national academies and scientific unions had existed since 1919.
The Glasgow group was of the opinion, however, that the time was ripe to create an
international food science society, since several national food science and technology
institutes were in existence. The British hosts undertook to pursue the idea and the result
was the food science congress convened in London in 1962, the first of the series of which
Canada is hosting in 2014 and Ireland in 2016.
The feasibility of establishing an international organization of food scientists and technolo-gists
dedicated to the nutritional needs of the people of the world was informally explored during the
1962 Congress. The President of the Congress was Lord Rank, a flour miller among other
things, and in his presidential message he said: "If the potentialities of ... food science and
technology are to ... culminate in the peoples of the world receiving a sufficiency of food that is
... appealing and nutritionally adequate, then there must be international col-laboration." From
this Congress emerged an International Committee of Food Science and Technology. The work
of this committee culminated in the formal inauguration of The Inter-national Union of Food
Science and Technology during the Third International Congress of Food Science and
Technology convened in 1970 in Washington, DC, USA.
th
By 1964, at IFT‘s 25 Anniversary, IFT membership had increased to 7,500 with 1,000
inter-national members, six Regional Sections, and the first (of many) Affiliate
Organizations in foreign countries
nd
In 1966 at the 2 Congress in Warsaw, the International Committee on Food Science &
rd
Technology was formed. By the 3 Congress in 1970, in Washington, DC, led by Dr
Richard Hall, IFT President 1971–72, IFT was formally committed. The International
Union of Food Science & Technology (IUFoST) was formed, with George Stewart, IFT
President 1967–68 as first Secretary General and later President. Initially, 20 countries were
represented as Ad-hering Bodies (IUFoST has no individual membership—only
professional societies, such as IFT, representing member nations. Individuals from those
organizations function as delegates in committees and on cooperative projects.) Currently,
71 nations have adhering bodies with-in IUFoST, with 52 denoted as active.
The IFT continues its International Expansion
Internally, IFT was also moving internationally by forming Affiliate Status with FS&T
relat-ed organizations in other countries. In addition to the two Australian Sections,
Sections were formed in British Columbia, Canada; Britain; Japan; and Mexico. Some of
these Sections lat-er morphed into National FS&T organizations, still with working
relations with IFT and ad-ministrated by a good mix of individuals with degrees from
national, foreign, and U.S. uni-versities.
5
IFT International Division History
The problems around the relationships with China and Taiwan are of some interest as China
developed its economic power.
The official connection between the IFT and CIFST (Chinese Institute of Food Sci-ence
and Technology) began in 1996. In 1995/96, the Chinese American Food Soci-ety
encouraged the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology (CIFST) to contact
IFT. Once contact was established, Robert Smith, 1996–97 President of IFT, visited
CIFST in Beijing and an agreement of cooperation was reached. Subsequent visits to
the Annual Meeting and Food Expo by CIFST executives resulted in an East-West
Food Summit held in Beijing in 1999. However, Dr. Mary Schmidl had vis-ited China in
2000, when President-elect of IFT. At this time she learned that the Chinese Institute
had voiced its great concerns already in 1996 that IFT recognized the IFST of Taiwan
as “the Chinese Institute”. Following delicate negotiations with the respective Institutes
in Taiwan and mainland China, she came up with a solution that both parties were
happy to adopt in 2001; namely that the mainland China body would be listed by IFT
as the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technolo-gy (CIFST) and the Taiwan
organization would be listed as the Institute of Food Sci-ence and Technology (Taipei),
which is today called the “Taiwan Association for Food Science and
Technology”.
The IRC, the International Division Gestation
rd
The 3 Congress, SOS/70, (Science of Survival) resulted in the formation of IFT‘s World
Food Program Committee (WFPC). These events catalyzed membership international
interest and activities. IFT‘s intimate involvement in the formation of IUFoST further
promoted ex-ternal contacts. The importance of FS&T was increasingly recognized outside
the U.S., re-sulting in the formation of The Canadian Institute of Food Science &
Technology—founded in 1951.
IFT‘s international commitments were expanded and articulated with the formation of the
WFPC in 1970. Of particular note was the involvement of one committee member whose
par-ticipation over the next four decades had a profound influence on IFT‘s international
pres-ence and programs. WFPC Chair, Dr. C.O. Chichester, invited Dr. Miguel A. Jimenez
to join the committee, thereby initiating a number of significant, far-reaching activities.
Mike (as he was fondly known) proceeded to organize the first IFT International Luncheon
at the 1974 Annual Meeting. The event became the focal point of the IFT with either the
President or the recipient of the International Award addressing the participants. Luncheon
cost at the 1974 meeting in New Orleans was $6.25/person—roughly 10% of the 2011
luncheon cost, that moved to an evening international social event in 2012.
To enhance IFT‘s visitor-friendly image and complement the luncheon, Mike persuaded the
WFPC to establish the International Lounge in 1975. Thus providing a special location for
international attendees and visitors to meet, relax and/or plan convention activities. With refreshments, a bulletin board, and staffed by IFT members with international interests (originally International Relations Committee [IRC] members, later International Division [ID]
members), the lounge is a welcome respite from the busy surrounding activities and later
provided Internet access. Mike also added a nice touch—flags of all IFT affiliated nations.
6
IFT International Division History
Appropriately, the event at each Annual Meeting is now called the Mike Jimenez
Internation-al Lounge.
By the mid-1970s, there were many internationally focused IFT activities. C.O. Chichester,
IRC Chair and board member of League for International Food Education (LIFE), initiated
activities with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), resulting in workshops dealing with world food hunger and programs involving IFT. Notable was the visit to
Central and Latin America by an IFT team consisting of Past Presidents, George Stewart
(1967–68) and Ben Buchanan (1972–73) (Buchanan and Stewart, 1977). The visitors were
enthusiastically hosted by local food technologists and resulted in national FS&T groups
forming (or reactivating) and promoting local activities, including greater IFT membership.
The ad hoc International Relations Committee (IRC) with Mike Jimenez as chair became a
standing IFT committee in 1982. Mike‘s chair duties lasted from 1979–1982. A number of
other notable IFT professionals have chaired the IRC and diligently directed IFT‘s international focus.
Its duties or functions included but were not limited to the following:
Vetting applications from prospective countries wishing to become overseas IFT
Sec-tions or affiliates;
Publishing the International Newsletter which throughout most of its existence was
edited and distributed by Dr. Miguel (Mike) Jimenez.
Serving as a conduit or backstop between IFT/IUFoST representatives and IFT EXCOM.
Reviewing issues related to Codex Alimentarius Commission Rules and advising
IFT Executive Committee (former name of Board of Directors) on any action.
Providing hospitality to international attendees at IFT Annual Meetings, such as
run-ning the hospitality lounge and the International Luncheon.
The IRC was later called the Committee on Global Interests (CoGI) and finally Committee on
World-Wide Interests (CoWWI) before disbanding with 2011 changes in IFT administra-tive
policies, assigning international policy matters to the member-elected Board of Directors.
International members were, of course, proactively becoming more organized and involved
in affiliate and IFT activities. The Chinese American Food Society (CAFS) was formed in
1975 by Chinese food science professionals residing or active in North America. They
publish a Quarterly Newsletter, co-sponsor IFT symposia, meet at IFT annual conferences,
and net-work effectively to promote member interests. Subsequently, FS&T professionals
from other countries have used IFT Annual Meetings and the lounge for meeting, to
informally connect, and further common interests—often publicizing events in the
International Newsletter (later the International Division Newsletter – IDNL). The leaders,
activities, and contacts for the resulting national/regional FS&T organizations were
prominently noted in the IFT Interna-tional Newsletter.
International Newsletter
7
IFT International Division History
To further promote international involvement, Mike Jimenez —then a member of the IFT
Executive Committee—initiated the International Newsletter in 1979 and served as editor
until 2000 and editor emeritus until 2011. The historical importance this Newsletter, edited
by Miguel A. Jimenez and sponsored by the IRC should be emphasized. The first issue, October 1979 preamble on IFT letterhead read:
―Chairman‘s Corner: Welcome to the premier issue of the International Newsletter! This is
a periodic publication of the newly formed Committee on International Relations. It will be
used as the vehicle for informing the membership abroad the activities of the Committee. It
will contain also relevant news on international food science and technology matters. We
hope to stimulate an increasing interest, on the part of IFT members, in the world food
situa-tion and problems so that when appropriate, they may indicate what steps the
INSTITUTE shall follow to assist in alleviating such problems.
This first issue of the Newsletter will be followed by another in March 1980. You can
expect to receive two Newsletters every year. Each of the IFT‘s Affiliate Organizations and
Region-al Sections located abroad will receive two copies per issue. We hope they
disseminate the contents among their respective membership.
Feel free to write to me or to Mr. George R. Foster, IFT – Director of Field Services regarding news that you want us to publish or any questions, comments, etc., you may wish us to
consider. We will give them prompt attention‖ wrote Miguel A. Jimenez, then Acting
Chair-man Committee on International Relations.
Issues were personally prepared, printed, and mailed by Mike to those requesting them in
the U.S. and abroad. As the mailing list grew, he carefully chose light 13.5 x 8.6 inch paper,
printed small type on both sides and folded to make a light bulk mailing. Supplies and mailing costs were covered by the IRC budget, but Mike and his wife provided all the hands on
labor and Mike, most of the informative narrative. A number of other ID members served
as associate editors from Issue #40 (Oct. 1992) on, but the structuring and heavy lifting was
still Mike‘s. The format consisted of:
Chairman‘s Column by the IRC (later ID) Chair
Pertinent Annual Meeting & Food Expo information, including Lounge & Luncheon
details
IFT happenings—elections, breaking news, etc.
Awards—particularly those of an international nature
Updates on Allied Organizations—contacts, activities, seminars,
etc. Publications of general international interest
Coming and recent events of food and agricultural
interest Organizations and industrial firms so involved
Courses and workshops—U.S. and abroad
International career and training opportunities
Update of current IFT Scientific Status Summaries with offer to send to Allied
Organ-izations and members so requesting
In the February 1996 issue, the following summary article was published:
“After 17 years the ID Newsletter is 50 issues old and going strong
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IFT International Division History
Our newsletter predates all [actually, most] of the IFT Divisions and many of the Regional
Sections newsletters. It originated as IFT’s response to growing global membership and related activities in a request by IFT Executive Director Cal Willey to the newly formed International Relations Committee (currently, 1996 the Committee for Global Interests). Mike
Jimenez, the founding editor and acting IRC Chair, put out the initial one-page two-sides) issue
in October 1979. It featured the following material: a Chair’s Corner article about the premier
number; a listing of the four Regional Sections and ten Affiliate Organizations locat-ed abroad;
a welcome note to the Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology; and his first
correspondent Dr. Stephen Chan; the announcement of a community-level food pro-cessing
course for LDCs’ field workers at Santa Monica, California; a note regarding the IFT annual
meeting in St. Louis, attended by 7200 people (373 from abroad); the successful international
luncheon presided by IFT President Bernie Schweigert; and an advertisement of the 1977
Annual Report on Rice Utilization, a 287 pp paperback, edited by the IUFoST.
Our initial circulation was less than 100 copies and the audience consisted of IFT officers,
executive committee members, Affiliate Organizations’ correspondents, IRC members, and a few
councilors. In 1989, circulation reached 2000 copies to celebrate IFT’s 50th anniversary. With
the establishment of the International Division (ID) in 1991 [actually 1990], the news-letter
became its organ and was sent to all ID members as well as to Affiliates, other Division Chairs
and Newsletter Editors. Triennial circulation now consists of eight pages per newslet-ter and
1000 copies per issue. Close to one-half is distributed among 70 countries and the rest in the
U.S. with the encouragement of the IFT and a growing, active ID membership, we plan to
expand coverage-distribution and eventually get on the Internet.
The greatest Newsletter challenge is our high mailing cost since all the international distribution is by airmail. Also, to truly reflect the needs of the int’l food science & technology
community, we would like your feedback – suggestions and topical articles submitted by
you. We look forward to celebrating our 100th issue!
Mike Jimenez, Editor & Bob Bates, Assoc. Editor”
Nowadays, with instant e-communication taken for granted, it is difficult to realize how
valu-able these newsletters were to global FS&T Community recipients. Clearly, these cost
effec-tive efforts provided a bond to IFT that provided the momentum for founding the ID.
After issue #33, the Newsletter became the IDNL, still with Mike‘s postage-saving format
until 1996, issue #53, when a larger type and paper were introduced. With the evolving
Inter-net and e-communications, the IDNL went online and readily accessible to IFT ID
members until 2011. In addition, all back issues were carefully saved by Mike and have
been
digitized
in
his
memory.
They
are
available
online
at
http://community.ift.org/Groups/Professional/international/Pages/Resources.aspx in the
Newsletters folder. Currently, changes in IFT Division structure and development of social
media put an end to the IDNL with issue #94 in 2011—missing issue #100 by 6 issues and
two years. Perhaps this narrative will serve to complete that gap. Sadly, Dr. Mike Jimenez,
th
active Editor Emeritus, expired with the Newsletter in 2011, 10 months short of his100
birthday.
Formation of the International Division – a difficult gestation
9
IFT International Division History
th
Mike Jimenez served on the ad hoc IFT 50 Anniversary Committee, dealing specifically with
IFT‘s International Affairs. He initiated translations services for several IFT functions and
encouraged an inventory of IFT members with multiple language skills. By the time of IFT‘s
th
50 Anniversary in 1989, IFT international interests, programs, and activities were accelerating and IRC agenda full to overflowing. Clearly, more than a committee could handle.
The stage had been set as early as 1984 by Dr. B. Onuma Okezie, Alabama A&M University.
―The original idea was to establish within IFT, a community of interest in World Food Problems, especially the unmet postharvest, vis-à-vis, post-production food technology needs of the
less-developed countries (LDCs) of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Tis was based on work in
assistance programs in LDCs sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Devel-opment
(USAID). Professor Okezie felt that if a community of interest of IFT members in the form of a
Division of International Food Development could be established in IFT, a focused attention
could be placed on those unmet food technology needs.‖
th
At the IFT 44 Annual Meeting and Expo in Anaheim, California in 1984, Professor Okezie
presented a proposal to the IRC for the establishment of what he called International (Technical) Section for the Committee‘s sponsorship/submission to the IFT Committee on Region-al
Sections and Divisions (IFT-CRSD) for its consideration and action. The IRC‘s response was
that it was not its role to sponsor the establishment of such a Section or Division. Rather, the
Committee advised that Onuma should identify current IFT members who might be inter-ested
in forming such a division to work with him in submitting the request to the IFT-CRSD.
Okezie and other early proponents of an International Division met with several objections
when presenting their case to the IFT Committee on Sections and Divisions, Council, or
Ex-ecutive Committee (all were involved at various times).
First, there were both national and international programs addressing the world food
problem. IFT was certainly involved, as indicated. Other developed nations also had bi- and
multi-lateral activities in LDCs. Also, IUFoST and the UN via FAO were active. Thus, IFT
had in place mechanisms to contribute member expertise through various involved entities.
Second, the focus on exclusively serving LDC needs ignored the growing connectivity
among developed nations, where IFT was a major de facto contributor, with many
members. A third issue was that the implicit scientific discipline or commodity structure of
IFT divi-sions defined a scientific/technical focus. A division without a
discipline/commodity base just didn‘t fit.
An operational strength that IFT brought to the science & technology of food was the interdisciplinary approach. Already in 1968, IFT initiated discipline/commodity-based divisions.
Early ones included sugar, fats & oils, dairy, poultry, fruits & vegetables (initially via postharvest handling), aquatic products, cereal, etc. There are currently 23 divisions. All involve
related microbiology, chemistry/biochemistry, engineering, nutrition, sensory, and the many
other disciplines which make up the field, which are reflected in comprehensive IFT Annual
Meeting Technical Programs and published journal articles. Refinements and advances in all of
the basic disciplines aided commodity-specific workers who, in turn contributed their ex-pertise
to the basic sciences and technologies. Indeed, the origin of food science/technology
10
IFT International Division History
departments at land grant universities often grew from state or region-specific commodity
mandates, still prominent, but not exclusive areas of these institution‘s present research and
teaching focus.
An International Division (ID), consisting of world-wide members with a variety of
scientific and technical interests and expertise, didn‘t easily meet division criteria.
Furthermore, the IRC mandate seemed to cover the stated ID objectives. Malcolm Bourne,
as Chair of the IRC articulated well the paradox IFT faces as both a national professional
society and one with considerable international members and attendant obligations.
Onuma Okezie took up the task of obtaining the signatures of at least 50 IFT members who
would support such a new division. He succeeded in getting 67 interested IFT members who
signed up in support of establishing an International Division (see appendix). Armed with the
signatories, he developed and submitted a formal petition letter dated December 11, 1985
seeking the establishment of a ―Postharvest (International) Division‖. In the Committee‘s response in a letter dated April 14, 1986 from its chairman, Dr. Kirby Hayes, the Committee
suggested a revision of the petition by identifying a specific interest area of Postharvest.
An ad hoc committee for the revision of the initial petition was made up of Drs. Arthur
Siedler, Malcom Bourne, Lloyd Rooney, R. Glen Brown, Louis Rockland, Larry Beuchet,
Keith Steinkraus, Fred Roskins, Romeo Toledo, Anthony Lopez, John Cherry and Miguel
Jimenez. This committee was chaired by B. Onuma Okezie. Its revised petition requested
ap-proval for ―International Food development Division‖ instead of ―International
Postharvest Division‖. It was submitted to the CRSD in a letter dated September 22, 1986.
The CRSD still rejected this petition in a letter from its chairman, Kirby Hayes, dated
March 18, 1987 on the grounds that ―Food Development‖ as an interest area was too broad
and not subject mat-ter specific.
At this time, the road towards achieving the ID formation was appearing bleak and much more
arduous than was anticipated. However, in order to still move forward, Okezie brought the adhoc committee together again at the IFT Annual Meeting in Las Vegas in 1987 to dis-cuss the
CRSD‘s latest response. Suggestions were made either to go to the Special Technol-ogy Group
(STG) route or to get a Probationary Division started by the 67 signed up IFT members through
organizing symposia, fora, workshops, and/or other technical activities on World Food Issues
during IFT annual meetings. There was a consensus to follow this route, though the group did
not make any immediate headway in this direction in 1989 due to the very high demand for
th
program space during IFT 50 Anniversary Celebration
A Petition for Establishing an International Division, read:
The following members in good standing of the Institute of Food Technologists petition the
IFT Council for authorization to form an International Division
The objectives of the International Division will be:
1. To stimulate an increasing awareness and interest on the part of the Institute
member-ship in the world food situation and problems;
11
IFT International Division History
2. When appropriate, to propose steps the Institute might take to alleviate those problems; and
3. To promote international scientific communication and technology transfer among
food scientists throughout the world.
These objectives will be met through publication of an International Division Newsletter;
de-velopment of symposia for the IFT Annual Meeting; social events at the IFT Annual
Meet-ing; development of close working relationships with IFT Affiliate Organizations;
and other activities as needed.
The Steering Committee for the Division will consist of the present International Relations
Committee until a membership base is attained and officers can be elected.
The International Division is formed
The action of the 1989–90 IFT President, Paul F. Hopper, resulted in the establishment of the
International Division (ID). In the President‘s Page article titled ―Our Global Family‖ in the
April 1990 issue of Food Technology, President Hopper wrote about his vision of the future
direction of IFT in the ―World of Food Science and Technology.‖ Among many other things he
discussed, he called for ―The voice, services and support of IFT to be directed outward to
embrace the ―World Community of Food Science and Technology.‖ He further added that ―as a
scientific citizen of the world, we can no longer think parochially.‖ He asked the IFT LongRange Planning Committee to consider an increased role for IFT in International Af-fairs. The
Committee‘s response to the President‘s charge was, among other things, two recommendations: (a) to restructure IFT‘s international activities, and (b) to establish the International Division. Jointly or with the International Relations Committee, the Long Range
Planning Sub-Committee presented the motion to the IFT Council for the establishment of the
International Division. Despite reservations by a minority of IFT Council and Executive
Committee members, and IFT staff, the ID was granted provisional status sometime between
April 6 and June 16. The official announcement of the formation of the International Division
was made by President Paul Hopper in his end-of-term report to the IFT Council meeting on
June 17, 1990, at the IFT Annual Meeting in Anaheim, Calif.
The startup of the new International Division on a probationary status was authorized by
the 1990–91 incoming IFT President, Daryl Lund.
Malcolm Bourne, as Chair of the International Relations Committee, 1990–91, established a
Steering Committee for the Probationary International Division. This Steering Committee was
essentially made up of members of the IRC. The immediate responsibilities of the Steer-ing
Committee included setting up sub-committees for program activities that would be car-ried out
by this probationary International Division during the next IFT Annual Meeting and for
nominations and elections of officers of the International Division. The first election of officers
of the Division was held in April 1991 and the following IFT members were elected for 1991–
92 terms—Bob Bates, Chairman; B. Onuma Okezie, Chairman-Elect; Carlos Alva-rez,
Secretary; and Members-at-Large in the Executive Committee—Cathy Ang, Carol Waslein,
Dan Fung, Malcolm Bourne, Antonio Martin, and Miguel (Mike) Jimenez.
As deliberations proceeded, the IRC – ID issue was resolved by concluding that IRC would
be responsible for developing IFT policy in the international arena and the ID would handle
12
IFT International Division History
international programs. Activities such as the International Lounge and Luncheon were ID
responsibilities, as were technical program development for Annual Meetings. The International Newsletter became The International Division Newsletter (IDNL), still under the
capa-ble editorship of Mike Jimenez, who played a critical role in working out complex
organiza-tional details, drawing up the new division by-laws, and communicating
developments via the newsletter.
Thus, based on the petition by over 50 members (many past and active members of the
IRC), on April 6, 1990.
The separation of responsibilities for the ID and IRC generally followed those developed by
IRC, which was under the chairmanship of Malcolm Bourne that year.
International Division Responsibilities (Operations):
International Newsletter
International Symposia (at Annual Meeting or other appropriate
venues) International Lounge
International Luncheon
Related Social Events (in cooperation with other FS&T
entities) International Short courses and Workshops
International Paper Competition
International Scholarships and Student Exchanges
International Relations Committee (Policies):
Responses to Council and Executive Committee on policy issues
Contacts with Affiliate Organizations and other Professional Societies
abroad Liaison with IUFoST and other International Organizations
Promotion of the World Food Prize
International Expositions involving IFT
Malcolm Bourne‘s personal recollections mirror the above description:
―I was a member of the International Relations Committee (IRC/CIR) of IFT 1976–1981, 1986–
1989, Chair-Elect 1988–90, Chair 1990–91, and Past-Chair 1991–92,‖ said Malcolm Bourne.
―Mike Jimenez was a major driving force in all the international activities of IFT. There was
discussion for most of those years about creating an International Division. How-ever, there was
some opposition to this idea. All the divisions were either science-based (e.g., microbiology,
sensory) or commodity-based (e.g., refrigerated and frozen foods, muscle foods). An
International Division did not fit into any of these categories. There were always some on the
Executive Committee who thought that IFT should serve only U.S. stakeholders and have
nothing to do with foreign stakeholders. Some thought having both an International Relations
Committee and an International Division was redundant. The problem was that IRC was
spending all its time at committee meetings planning the International Lounge, Luncheon,
Newsletter and similar activities and had no time to spend on policy issues. Also, it was thought
that an International Division would give members from other countries an oppor-tunity to
participate in IFT governance by being elected by Division members to office in the
13
IFT International Division History
Division. All these conflicting currents of thought crystallized in 1990 when there seemed
to be sufficient support from the Executive Committee and a number of Past-Presidents to
cre-ate an International Division. ―
―In the October 1990 meeting of committees in Chicago the main item on the agenda for
IRC was to recommend the creation of an International Division and assign responsibilities
of IRC and the new Division so there was no duplication or redundancy of efforts between
these two entities. As Chair of IRC I had the responsibility of steering my committee
through these is-sues and presenting our recommendations to the Executive Committee the
following day. By request President Daryl Lund, I wrote him a letter summarizing the
findings of IRC. (See ‗Separation of Responsibilities‘ above.) Although I have never served
in any office of the In-ternational Division, I have been a member since its creation and I
consider myself the ―midwife‖ who delivered the Division into existence because it was on
my watch as Chair of IRC that it came into being after a gestation of several decades. This
was the first time (and I think the only time) that an IFT Committee created a Division.
It is interesting that the IRC, which brought the International Division into existence, no
longer exists but the Division is large and providing great services to members especially
those who live outside the U.S.‖
It should be noted that Onuma Okezie‘s early efforts sensitized IFT staff and leadership to
the international aspects of IFT and contributed to ID formation—six years after he first
―stirred the pot‖. Onuma continues as an active ID member and served as Chair 1992–93.
He well merited the International Award in 1999.
ID’s Early Days
With the provisional blessing of IFT administration and a few bumps along the road, the ID was
off and running. Since many ID members were also on the IRC or other IFT committees that
met twice annually in Chicago, it was possible to have informal ID Executive Committee
meetings during that time. (Note: This was BC—before widespread computer, and other
communication devices and systems we take for granted a decade or so later. Conference calls
were nonexistent, long distant phone calls were expensive, so snail mail was the norm.)
By the beginning of the ID‘s second year (July 1991) the following activities were either
op-erational or under serious discussion:
Activity
International Division Newsletter
Symposia
Awards
Social Events (Luncheon & Lounge)
Affiliate Relations
Codex Alimentarius
Student Exchange
Short Courses, Workshops, Conferences
Information Exchange
Membership & Publicity
Nominations
Responsibility
Mike Jimenez
Jim Coughlin
Fred Hoskins
Cathy Ang
Carlos Alvarez
Paul Hopper
Melissa Noturno
Mark Love
Al Clausi
Daniel Fung
Onuma Okezie
14
IFT International Division History
In some cases, these activities were undertaken or suggested jointly with appropriate other
Divisions, IFT Committees (especially IRC), Allied Organizations, or member‘s
profession-al/personal contacts.
• Competition. One early program, also championed by Mike Jimenez, was the George F.
Stewart International Paper Competition, honoring the late IFT Charter Member, Past President 1967–68 and prime mover in national and international activities over his entire career.
th
Initiated in 1989 as part of the 50 anniversary celebration and subsequently generously supported first by Nestlé in 1991 and since 1999 by Elsevier. The purpose of the competition is to
recognize food science and technology research conducted in countries other than the U.S. The
International Division encourages professionals and students entering the International Paper
Competition to think on global food science and technology issues and the needs of all people
in the world. We expect that this competition will help IFT reach its goal of becoming a global
organization, promote the diversity of opportunities and needs in a shrinking world, and
recognize the diverse and rich research skills of the international members of IFT.
Another program, promoted and orchestrated by Mike Jimenez, was a journal and book collection service for FS&T organizations in Latin America. Journals, such as Food
Technology, and related texts donated by ID and other IFT members were collected and
shipped to needy institutions. The IDNL served as the focal point, as did a cooperative
arrangement with a ser-vice known as Build a Wider Bridge, run personally by IFT member
Walter E. Wood from California. Even in the mid-1990s, international subscribers to U.S.
scientific journals and texts faced expensive, lengthy, unreliable postal services. The
Internet and IT advances have superseded this service, but at the time, published material—
even if dated—were gratefully received and further bonded recipients to IFT.
• Internships. One promising program that was initiated, but never really took off was the
student intern exchange. As envisioned, FS&T students from other countries (primarily, but
not exclusively with IFT affiliates) would be offered internships in the U.S. In turn, U.S.
stu-dents would have similar opportunities in other countries. There was an exchange with
Ger-many in 1991 and the International Association for the Exchange of Students for
Technical Experience (IAESTE) expressed interest in cooperation. However, the finances
and logistics proved to be daunting. Also, while there is no dearth of international students
with English capability, few U.S. students possessed the language ability needed to function
in many IFT Allied Organization countries.
• Finance. The perpetual challenge of adequate funding to support an ID program is always
dominant. Membership dues never seem to be enough and there are always more worthy programs than support funds. Except for certain government entities, organizations must set priorities and function accordingly. Fortunately, IFT supported initial activities. Mike Jimenez‘
distribution of the International Newsletter (later IDNL) and mailings of pertinent IFT publications from his home were subsidized by IFT, as were attendance of committee members at
various meetings, and some communication expenses. Until 2011, the Division ran its own
budget and, as well as the Elsevier support and member dues, was the recipient of 2 grants from
Cargill, which significantly enabled it to expand its activities. In 2011 the funds were subsumed
into an award generously completed by Andy Rao and his wife ―The Andy and Jan Rao
International Division Travel Grant‖. The ID now, as all divisions, submits a plan of ac-
15
IFT International Division History
tivities and all funding other than the Elsevier grant for the paper competition and the above
travel award is provided centrally.
• Symposia. Any reservations that the ID wasn‘t discipline-based were rapidly overcome by the
development of International Symposia and Workshops at IFT Annual Meetings and in
cooperation with other divisions and outside groups. There are few Divisions without some
members internationally affiliated—hence a rich, interdisciplinary source of symposia ideas and
speakers. Founding ID member and Chair 2001–02, Gustavo Barbosa-Canovas, was particularly effective in keeping the ID front and center with topical symposia. The depth and
breadth of these symposia, as well as conferences and workshops are prominently mentioned in
issues of the Newsletter—and well attended sessions. The Annual Meeting symposia have
continued to be a major focus for the ID under successive Chairs.
• Membership. An early and ID issue was membership. Initially it was less than 100 and
with over 15% of IFT members being international, but there was lots of growth potential.
Division dues were set at $10, $5 for students, although Mike argued that the rate was too
high for IFT members from LDCs. ID membership climbed rapidly, thanks to no small part
to the enthusiastic promotion by Dan Fung, reaching 1,000 by 1994.
Global Harmonization Initiative
Founded in 2004 as a joint activity of IFT International Division and the European
Federation of Food Science and Technology (EFFoST), the Global Harmonization Initiative
(GHI) is a network of scientific organizations and individual scientists working together to
promote harmonization of global food safety regulations and legislation.
GHI's objective is to achieve consensus on the science of food regulations and legislation to
ensure the global availability of safe and wholesome food products for all consumers. GHI
facilitates global discussion about the scientific issues that support decisions made by
nation-al governments and international regulatory bodies by:
• Providing the foundation for sound, sensible, science-based regulations.
• Creating a forum for scientists and technologists to interact with regulatory authorities,
globally.
• Providing industry, regulators and consumers an independent, authoritative information
re-source.
For more details on GHI, please visit http://www.globalharmonization.net/. There have
been a number of symposia either ID sponsored or involving members on the topic of GHI.
• Surveys. To keep current and serve membership needs, several surveys were conducted.
In 1992 ID Chair-Elect Onuma Okezie initiated a survey of membership interests in
programs and activities. The results, ranking the nine activities in decreasing order:
International Ex-change, Symposia, Conferences, Short Courses, International Affiliate
Programs, Internation-al Lounge, International Luncheon, International Paper Competition,
and Social Event. Addi-tional comments were solicited regarding a sustainable world food
supply and the ID role. Most respondents felt this was a high or moderately high priority.
16
IFT International Division History
The IRC obtained an IFT wide survey of international members (residing or working
outside U.S.) by Loweth Associates, a market research consultancy. Their 1995 report
indicated that, in general, respondents were:
More likely to be from academia or government and have a higher degree in food
sci-ence
Joined IFT for technical information
Viewed information as too technical and not current (industry
members) Food Technology magazine was the most important service
The ID was important to a minority of respondents
Most were active in national FS&T societies
Professional contact opportunity was an important reason for joining
IFT IFT Council representation was only moderately important
Only a minority were ID members
• Awards. IFT members with strong international interests, before and after the ID
formation, have been recipients of many honors from IFT and other institutions. Many
members have held the prestigious office of IFT President or served with distinction in
other essential capac-ities. Their commitment promotes a viable, interactive division and
sets an impressive exam-ple for colleagues.
Present-Day Challenges and Opportunities
The circumstances leading to the ID formation in 1990 have only accelerated over the ensuing quarter century. Dramatic advances in the field, especially Information Technology (IT)
have expedited global communication:
For the better: instant, real-time access to information, individuals, and archives almost anywhere globally; increase food safety alerts, educational opportunities,
knowledge and idea transfer, food trade interdependence. No matter how
nationalistic individuals or organizations may be, it is practically impossible to
ignore the rest of the world. The Food Science & Technology is unmistakably
global to an accelerating degree.
For the worse: signal-to-noise ratio diminishing (more food-related nonsense than
sense online), food misconceptions and sales pitches dominate food communication.
National trade barriers and import food safety issues increase and are fanned by
popu-list sentiments.
Division structure has changed dramatically, although the discipline/commodity focus is
maintained. Membership in any division is now open at no additional fee to all IFT
members —the only criteria being active participation by enrolling and supporting division
programs, contributing to the dialog (ideally), and continuing IFT membership. The steady
increase in e-media now allows IFT to communicate efficiently to the total membership and
select groups. In turn, two-way communication is now the norm, with individuals and
special inter-est groups having ready access to all.
The downside, at least to some veteran observers, has been the demise of most Division and
Section Newsletters, including the IDNL. These publications, recently online, were either ac-
17
IFT International Division History
cessible to all (IFT members or even web surfers) or limited to Division/Section members. If
available, they provided an excellent snapshot of the group; useful background information on
members and activities; and incentives to join/interact. Newsletters seem to have been re-placed
by specific website buttons (links) directed to discussions, resources, updates, and other
communications—most of which are unavailable without joining the group, empty, outdated, or
all of these. Of course, preparation and maintenance of a newsletter is time-consuming. Few, if
any IFT groups have a Mike Jimenez. Perhaps media will evolve to pro-vide the currency and
directness of newsletters or membership will evolve to better navigate the information highway.
Ian Gordon notes that, partially triggered by this History, Chair Elect Robert Mitchell (14/15) is
about to relaunch the IDNL!
Membership growth in both IFT and the ID has peaked and is now diminishing. Some loss
can be attributed to the global recession, commencing in 2007 In addition and
paradoxically, the vast increase and complexity in the various food science disciplines have
required a more discipline-specific focus by food professionals. Hence, IFT and Division
members are apt to zero in on more inclusive and narrowly focused professional societies,
such as ACS for chemists, ASM for microbiologists, ASN for nutritionists, ASABE for
engineers, etc. When the chips are down, time and economic constraints dictate choice of
professional society membership and commitment. The ready availability of online
technical and business infor-mation and social media outlets may also detract from the need
to keep current by personal interaction with fellow members and compete for time in the
current 24/7 work environment. Whatever the cause, the phenomenon is adversely affecting
membership of many profession-al organizations.
The upside of such decrease is that those with a strong interest in the organization are more
apt to be more interactive and have the necessary communication tools to do so effectively.
Presently, (2013–14), ID membership is down to 678 from 821 a year earlier. Yet ambitious
programs are underway:
Keep members informed via the online community by updates, topical
post-ings and encourage dialog and thoughtful discussions
Develop and submit an educational proposal of international relevance
Participate in Scientific Program development and identify collaborators
in other divisions, affiliates, or outside IFT
Highlight member accomplishments
Participate in IFT-hosted training events
Recruit members for future leadership roles
Encourage active IFT participation by members, students, and members of
Al-lied Organizations
Thanks to a viable IFT Student Association (IFTSA), student involvement has always been
strong. The ID has been and continues to be fortunate that Division Student Representatives
are exceptionally talented individuals, committed to and effective in their responsibilities.
Indeed, many have continued to build on their international exposure as successful professionals and FS&T leaders (Table 5).
In the spirit of international understanding and cooperation, it would be valuable to reestablish the student internship program mentioned earlier. The subject was mentioned in the
18
IFT International Division History
IDNL 2005 but there was only sporadic follow up. The caliber of student members of IFT
and Allied Organizations is remarkably high, as reflected in scholarships and student
compe-titions. The contribution that exchange student interns are capable of making to
sponsoring firms and organizations far exceeds the costs; it is a win-win situation for
participants, spon-sors, IFT, and the ID.
One issue frequently brought up by IFT members outside the U.S. was how little say they had
in IFT administrative matters and Division management. The point was well articulated by
Ralph Blanchfield in several IDNL articles (Issues 69, 70, 71). Indeed, even from the formation of the IRC, membership was primarily North American-based food technologists, including some of other origin—all with considerable international experience and commit-ment.
The ID Executive Committee was likewise top heavy with U.S.-based members. Some of this
disparity could be explained by travel and communication constraints which interfered with
meeting attendance and associated Division activities.
The IT revolution has changed all that. The ID list of Volunteer Leaders, Officers, and
Com-mittees reported in the last IDNL, Issue #94, Jan/Feb 2011 consisted of individuals
working in Australia, UK, Germany, Switzerland, Mexico, and Canada. Furthermore, out of
the 24 persons listed, only three were U.S. natives. Talk about an International Food
Science & Technology Community! The current makeup of the ID Leadership is
correspondingly inter-nationally balanced. Membership data for 2012 shows that out of 678
ID members, 473 were located in the U.S. However, the leadership group were all in other
countries, or expatriates thereof—such is IFT‘s and the ID‘s global footprint.
Future Challenges
Over IFT‘s 75 years, there are few IFT Presidents who have not promoted international
ideas and ideals explicitly or implicitly; and the membership has responded splendidly, as
noted. Yet the problem of malnutrition (LDCs—food quantity & quality deficiencies) and
―misnutri-tion‖ (DCs excessive caloric intake, nutrient imbalances) continue as almost
intractable plagues. So what can the profession of Food Science, specifically IFT do to
alleviate the problem? Not much in isolation, moderate impact in cooperation with
likeminded global enti-ties (IUFoST and Allied Organizations are a start), and quite a bit
with public support at home and especially abroad.
―Hunger as a social problem is wholly unnecessary. Human policy failings are its ultimate
cause, and appropriate human policy decisions can prevent it in any country or society regardless of apparent environmental, economic, or demographic constraints.‖ This cogent
statement by Nevin Scrimshaw (World Food Prize Laureate 1991, IFT International Award
recipient 1969) puts the challenge in perspective.
One curious downside to communication efficiency, as reflected in the IT revolution, has been
the demonization of modern agriculture, the food industry, and by association, the FS&T
establishment. Misplaced consumer activism has always been around, but now media-astute
activists promote a vocal campaign against the very technology that has provided safe,
inexpensive, high-quality food and provided adequate nourishment and the free time to rant and
rave against it. Such ―slander‖ is a nuisance in developed countries, thereby negatively
impacting needed technological developments, increasing food waste and costs, without im-
19
IFT International Division History
proving food safety (often to the contrary). However, the impact in LDCs is more serious—
constraining badly needed means for increasing food production, processing, and
utilization. Paradoxically, there has never been a time where FS&T global communication
was more ef-ficient, inexpensive and pervasive. Nations and regions still lacking
infrastructure—roads, land lines, electricity, ample potable water, sanitation, etc.—are
nominally reachable by the Internet and cell phone. Thus, technical and business
information (and misinformation) are global.
The vital nature of food is taken for granted in most of the developed world, where excess
consumption may lead to problems related to obesity. After all, the most diverse, abundant
supply of traditional/natural/organic foods, and all sorts of supplements and combinations
are readily available to those so inclined and willing to pay to support their preferred
lifestyle. Disruptions in the food and water (the most essential nutrient) supply are usually
brief and rapidly overcome. Electricity failures can be longer, and greatly impact food
convenience— preparation, refrigeration, freezers, etc. Nevertheless, the feeding norm is
multiple choice and ready availability thanks to food and related agriculture FS&T, and an
amazingly efficient transportation/distribution system, also taken for granted.
Food‘s absolute role in survival is best illustrated in LDC‘s where natural disasters, and
armed conflicts may disrupt agriculture. Then food, water, and medical attention are
immedi-ate survival priorities. In these cases, FS&T ―pays its way‖ when a plethora of safe,
stable, nutritious food makes the difference between life and death.
In conclusion, IFT is and will continue to be ―a national Professional Society with international interests and commitments‖ to paraphrase Malcolm Bourne. Now, and in the future.
our international interests and commitments are implicit—reflected in ID and IFT mandate,
programs, and membership. It has taken a lot of hard work and selfless dedication by IFT
members herein cited to get us this far. It is up to you, the readers to take us further.
Appendix
Table 1. Timeline – Internationalization of Food Science & Technology and Formation of the
International Division
Date
~500,000 BCE
20,000 BCE
~12,000 BCE
10,000 BCE
8,000 BCE
6,000 BCE
500 BCE
300 BCE
1800 (CE)
1810
1860
1906
1910
Activity & Relevance
Fire discovered leading to safer, more nourishing food supply
Animal domestication improved food quality and reliability (genetic selection)
Brewing developed as the original Food Technology (Mid-East)
Plant selection - represented the initial Genetic Modification of foods
Grain milling improved utilization of basic food staples
Additional fermentations prevented spoilage and increased food versatility
Salting, curing provided alternate preservation methods
Plant grafting improved crops (another GMO strategy)
Appert invents thermal processing (France)
Durand extends processing to metal containers (England)
Pasteur‘s microbial studies lead to food pasteurization (France)
Wiley‘s food safety efforts result in FDA formation (U.S.)
Food Technologist as a profession title first used by A.W. Bitting
20
IFT International Division History
1918
1937
1939
1940
1941
1940-45
1945
1946
1947
1948
1950
1952
1956
1961
1962
1963
1964
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1970-1995
1974
1975
1979
1984
1985
1989
1990
1991
Appendix
Food technology courses established at Oregon State & U Mass
Planning meeting at Cornell resulting in International conference on Food Technology at MIT
with IFT organizational ideas formatted
First IFT meeting at MIT was IFT founding event
First issue of IFT Proceeding published, based on annual conferences
Membership reached 1,000 (International numbers not reported)
IFT expanded while members were active in the war effort
United Nations (UN) founded and, through FAO, addressed global food issues
IFT membership reached 1859 (foreign numbers not reported)
First issue of Food Technology published [11]
Australia sections formed represent international growth of FS&T
Food Technology in Australia first published
IFT membership reached 3,000, including members in Europe, Latin America, and Asia [3]
Distribution of Food Technology and Food Research reached 54 countries with IFT membership in 29
Australian IFT Sections (later Australian Institute of Food Science & Technology) conceived
and sponsored the International Award (Sponsored by IFT after 1983)
Ad Hoc IFT committee formed to address world food problems
First International FS&T Congress, London
IUFoST formed with IFT the Adhering Body representing the U.S.
IFT Affiliate groups suggested to foster international cooperation
IFT Subcommittee for International Technical assistance formed
IFT World Food Program Committee formed
IFT membership after 25 year reached 7,500 with 1,000 internationally
At second International Congress in Warsaw International Committee of FS&T formed with
IFT participation
Division structure initiated
International Food Information Service (IFIS) formed
League for International Food Education (LIFE) with IFT one of six cooperators formed via
USAID sponsorship
st
IFIS 1 issue of Food Science & Technology Abstracts (FSTA) published, January 1969
rd
IUFoST formed during 3 International Congress; IFT World Food Program Committee
formed to focus on global food issues
International Relations Committee (IRC) established to set policy and direct programs
International Luncheon initiated at Annual Meeting to recognize international members
International Lounge initiated at Annual Meeting to promote interaction among international
attendees and visitors
Chinese American Food Society Formed to provide networking opportunity for members
International Newsletter edited and distributed by Mike Jimenez as an IRC publication
th
IFT 50 Anniversary Planning Committee established with Mike Jimenez appointed as Chair
of the International Relations Subcommittee
Onuma Okezie proposed an IFT division to deal with LDC food issues
th
IFT 50 Anniversary saw increased international participation and emphasis
George F. Stewart Paper Competition started as part of the Anniversary celebration
Total IFT membership at 23,000 (Approx. 3,500 outside U.S.)
International Division (ID) formed to enhance international programs, With Issue #34 the International Newsletter now designated as International Division Newsletter
ID membership at 278
ID Newsletter circulation down to 750 (from 2,000 due to requiring past recipients to formally
request it.)
International Paper Competition supported by Nestlé now ID responsibility
21
IFT International Division History
1992
1993
1994
1995
Appendix
Dan Fung developed International Lounge Operational Procedures
ID membership at ca. 400
International student internships initiated - lasted several years
ID members Malcolm Bourne and Mike Jimenez get IFT International and Service Awards,
respectively
Onuma Okezie reported on survey of membership interest in ID programs and activities; IDNL
Associate Editor named – Bob Bates
IFT provides representative to Codex Alimentarius
World Food Prize initiated by Al Clausi, IFT President 1993-94 and ID founding member
ID Probationary over – full status!
ID membership reached 1,000
IRC renamed Committee for Global Interests (CoGI)
IFT Survey of International Members submitted – (See text)
st
2001
2002
2003
2004
2011
ID is 1 Division with a website; ID initiates a listserv managed by student representatives
All North America FS&T Association IFT, CIFST, and ATAM plan joint meeting; IUFoST
and IFT develop International Action Plan; Antonio Torres and Antonio Martin added as IDNL
Associate Editors
Onuma Okezie receives International Award; Elsevier assumes sponsorship of G.F. Stewart
International Paper Competition
Mike Jimenez steps down as IDNL Editor, moves to Associate Editor, Antonio Torres now
editor
ID initiates International Roundtable emphasizing pre-meeting Internet dialog
Pedro Wesche-Ebeling appointed Newsletter Editor
About 4,000 IFT members live outside U.S.
Global Harmonization Initiative
IFT restructure, Divisions lose independent budgets and Division membership is ―free‖
2014
IFT 75 Anniversary – this history is published
1996
1998
1999
2000
th
Table 2. International Relations Committee Chairs
Years
Committee Chair
1979-81
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
Miguel A. Jimenez (ad hoc status)
Miguel A. Jimenez (Standing Committee)
David Owen
Gordon Fuller
Herb Weinstein
Charlie Brokaw
Fred Hoskins
Bruce Lister
George Bookwalter
Cathy Ang
Malcolm Bourne
Bill Root
Bill Root
Dan Fung
Zata Vickers (Committee for Global Interests)
Zata Vickers
Elizabeth Larmond
John Sofos
22
IFT International Division History
Appendix
1998-99
Peter Bechtel
1999-2000 Charles Redanowick
2000-01
Michele Buchanan
2007-08 Gloria Brooks-Ray (Committee on World Wide
Interests)
Table 3. International Division Chairs
Years
Committee Chairs
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
Bob Bates
Bob Bates
Onuma Okezie
Daniel Fung
Antonio Martin
Cathy Ang
Antonio Torres
Paul Jelen
Herb Weinstein
Bill Root
Juan Silva
Gustavo Barbosa
George Purvis
Heinz Isengard
Huub Lelieveld
Yao-Wen Huang
Elena Castell-Perez
Luis Fernandez
Christopher Reh
Ian Gordon
Andy Rao
Elvira DeMejia
Jochen Weiss
Geoff Smithers
Table 4. International Division (ID) and International Relations Committee (IRC) Student
Representatives
Years
1980-81
Name
Peggy Foegeding
University
University of Minnesota
Committee
IRC
1982-83
James Ragan
University of Nebraska
IRC
1984-85
1985-86
Cynthia Holden
Enrique MacGregor
University of Tennessee
NA
IRC
IRC
1987-88
1988-90
1990-91
1991-92
Maureen Sherlock
Yael Vodovotz
Olga Padilla
Melissa Noturno
NA
Cornell University
Cornell University
University of Wisconsin
IRC
IRC
ID
ID
23
IFT International Division History
1992-93
Appendix
Juliana Morales-Castro
Melissa Noturno
Frank McCafferty
Colleen Whorton
Sarid Shefet
Cornell University
University of Wisconsin
Cornell University
University of Minnesota
NC State University
ID
IRC
ID
IRC
ID
2003-04
Cheryl Greenwalt
Jose-Candace Jackson
Vivek Savant
Marinela Barrero
Pablo Juliano
Alejandro Amesquita
Carolina Estrada
Cornell University
Michigan State University
Oregon State University
Mississippi State University
Washington State University
University of Nebraska
University of Nebraska
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
2004-05
Adriana Velásquez
NA
ID
2006-07
Subba Rao Gurram
Gopal Tiwari
ID
ID
2007-08
Romina Pedreschi
2008-09
Romina Pedreschi
Prabhat Kumar
Gina Gisela Raudales
2009-10
2010-11
Dina G. Fernandez
Robert Mitchell
Georg Merkh
2011-12
Robert Mitchell
Luciana Ferreira
Myriam Löffler
Diane Schmidt
Washington State
University
Washington State
University
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
(Belgium)
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
(Belgium)
NC State University
University of Illinois
University of Illinois
Cornell University
University of Hohenheim (Germany)
University of Sheffield (UK)
Cornell University
University of Hohenheim (Germany)
Cornell University
University of Hohenheim (Germany)
1993-94
1995-96
1996-97
1997-99
1999-2000
2000-01
2001-03
2012-13
2013-14
Myriam Löffler
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
Table 5. IFT Allied (Previously Affiliate) Organizations (Chartered)
Name
Year
Argentine Association Of Food Technology
Australian Institute Of Food Science And Technology
Brazilian Society Of Food Science And Technology
Canadian Institute Of Food Science And Technology
Catalonian Association Of Food Science
Chilean Society Of Food Technology
Chinese Institute Of Food Science And Technology
Colombian Society Of Food Science And Technology
Croatian Society Of Food Technologists, Biotechnologists And Nutri-
1970
1985
1970
1951
1987
1963
1980
1983
NA
24
IFT International Division History
Appendix
tionists
Sociedad Ecuatoriana De Ciencia Y Technología De Alimentos
Finnish Society Of Food Science And Technology
Society Of German Food Technologists
Greek Institute Of Food Scientists
Guatemalan Association Of Food Technologists Agta
Hong Kong Food Science & Technology Association Limited
Hungarian Scientific Society For Food Industry
Association Of Food Scientists And Technologists India
The Indonesian Association Of Food Technologists Iaft
Perhimpunan Ahli Teknologi Pangan Indonesia Patpi
Israel Society Of Food And Nutrition Sciences
Italian Association Of Food Technology
Korean Society Of Food Science And Technology
Malaysian Institute Of Food Technology
New Zealand Institute Of Food Science And Technology Inc.
Pakistan Society Of Food Science And Technology
Philippine Association Of Food Technologists
Polish Food Technologists' Society
Singapore Institute Of Food Science And Technology
South African Association For Food Science And Technology
Spanish Society Of Food Science
Food Science And Technology Association Of Thailand
Institute Of Food Science And Technology Taipei
Vietnam Association Of Food Science And Technology
1999
1970
1980
1981
1989
1998
1992
1964
NA
2001
1969
1981
NA
2001
1996
2001
1966
1992
1989
1992
1964
2001
1979
2001
Table 8. International Division Newsletter
Issue No.
Topic
1/79 Inaugural Issue; In 1979, of IFT‘s 19,000 members, 13% resided outside the U.S.;
Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology granted Affiliate status
2/80 League for International Food Education (LIFE) described
3/80 IFT International Relations Committee (IRC) described
4/80 IRC members listed; Malnutrition concerns in Latin America and Africa
5/81 Call for multilingual IFT members requested
6/81 A list of LIFE publications and offer to provide them announced
7/81 First World Food Day announced
8/82 New IFT members living abroad listed
9/82 IFT Affiliate Organizations now at 14
10/82 World Food Day report; C.O. Chichester receives IFT International Award
11/83 Interaction among IFT students and those from Affiliates suggested
12/83 Drought and starvation in Africa reported
13/83 USAID project SUSTAIN described; World hunger programs
mentioned 14/84 Meals for Millions highlighted
15/84 Brazilian Institute of Food Technology (ITAL) and many Affiliates
highlighted 16/84 IRC members listed; African food issues stressed
17/85 Project SUSTAIN update; African situation updated
18/85 IRC Chair, Herb Weinstein promotes Affiliate correspondence and
th
interactions 19/85 FAO‘s 40 Anniversary and world food problems mentioned
25
IFT International Division History
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Appendix
A request made for donations of food journals and texts
Dick Hall received IFT International Award
George Bookwalter received Babcock-Hart Award; GF World Food Prize initiated
th
IFT 50 Anniversary events announced for 1989
G. F. Stewart International Paper Competition announced for 1989
Al Clausi received IFT International Award
A number of IFT Scientific Status Summaries offered to readers so requesting
Upcoming 1988 IFT Annual Meeting discussed
Details of G. F. Stewart International Paper Competition provided and participation
encouraged
th
Details of IFT 50 Anniversary celebration announced
th
International Symposia for 50 Anniversary meeting listed
IRC members listed, George Foster, IFT Director of Field Services retires after 21
years
Roster of International IFT member prepared and available
Twenty five IFT Scientific Status Summaries available upon request
First issue titles International Division Newsletter; Update of subscribers requested
to continue receiving Newsletter – still free
International Division formation announced; Starvation in Africa reported; GermanU.S. student exchange initiated
‗Build a Wider Bridge‘ formed to expedite collection of texts and journals for LDCs
Donated published material shipped to two Mexican Universities; Dan Weber appointed IFT Executive Director
IFT seeking observer status with Codex Alimentarius; International Student
Exchange program promoted
Onuma Okezie elected International Division Chair; Mike Jimenez receives IFT
Cal-vert L. Willey Distinguished Service Award
Al Clausi elected IFT President; Malcolm Bourne receives IFT International Award;
Bob Bates named IDNL Associate Editor
ID Survey results reported; ID committees listed
ID events for 1993; Chicago IFT meeting announced
Build a Wider Bridge reported over 10,000 publications distributed abroad; Barbara
Blakistone provided overview of Packaging Division
ID Exec. Committee meeting reported; Cornell University Internet video conference
system described by Mark McLellan
International Opportunities for IFT Students forum announced for Atlanta IFT meeting; Video-taping and Internet distribution of IFT programs discussed
Student international opportunities described by International Association for the
Ex-change of Students for Technical Experience (IAESTE) representative
IFT Exec. Com. approved funds to support IFT speakers at approved international
events
ID programs for 1995 Annual Meeting in Anaheim announced
Daryl Lund, charter ID member, received IFT International Award
th
IFT website and ID listserv announced; 50 issue recapped Newsletter and accomplishments of the last 17 years
Walter Wood, Building a Wider Bridge founder, proposes Academic Bridge
Connec-tion for Students
26
IFT International Division History
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
Appendix
ID website announced; upcoming ID programs at Annual Meeting and 1996-97
com-mittees listed
ID membership approaches 1,000; This issue is the first online
Dan Fung receives International Award; Mike Jimenez feted for Newsletter efforts;
Oregon State University model for student international internships described;
readers suggest Newsletter be available to all – not restricted to ID members
Mexican, Canadian, and U.S. food associations to be represented at 1998 IFT
Annual Meeting
International student exchange program promoted by IFT Fellow Committee; ID
tele-conference reported
IFT internationalization from a non-U.S. perspective cogently presented by Ralph
Blanchfield (UK) and Heinz Isengard (Germany)
Journal/text donation program (Build a Wider Bridge) regeneration discussed
The respective roles of the ID and CoGI explained by Malcolm Bourne; G.F.
Steward International Paper Competition changes and sponsorship by Elsevier
announced; Bob Bates expounded on Surfing the Web (outdated by Google)
Onuma Okezie receives IFT International Award
IFT and IUFoST developing electronic journal; IDNL readers given electronic vs.
print option
Malcolm Bourne elected an Honorary Fellow by the Australian Institute of FS&T
Mike Jimenez steps down as IDNL Editor, remains as Associate Editor
Antonio Torres takes over as IDNL Editor
ID Student Representative, Vivek Savant, interviews World Food Prize co-Laureate,
Dr. Surinder Vassal
The ID-sponsored Roundtable, presented at IFT Annual Meeting described; Pedro
Wesche-Ebeling appointed IDNL Editor
ID activities for 2002 IFT Annual Meeting announced
Critique and methods for improving and expanding International Roundtables discussed
About 4,000 IFT members are outside U.S. The complementary roles of IFT and the
Institute of FT&T (UK) elaborated by Ralph Blanchfield
ID activities for 2003 IFT Annual Meeting and IFT administrative changes announced
Role of FT&T societies in addressing world food issues discussed by Ralph Blanchfield
Described the International Food Engineering Society; Ralph Blanchfield reported
on IUFoST/FAO; Global Harmonization workshop planned by Huub Lelieveld
Pam Tom appointed IDNL Editor; Obituary of Eduardo Mendez, prominent ID
mem-ber; Ralph Blanchfield reported on ISFT (UK); Student internships program
reac-tivated
Gustavo Barbosa receives the Nicholas Appert Award; IUFoST profiled; Mike
Jimenez profiled and honored; IFST Website report
Build a Wider Bridge journal and text donation program restarted; ID elected
leaders profiled
Al Clausi described the origin of the World Food Prize; Major IFT Division changes
reported
27
IFT International Division History
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
Appendix
Major IFT administrative changes outlined; Global Harmonization Initiative described; Latin American and Caribbean Food Technology Association (ALACCTA)
formed
Mike Jimenez received International Award
Along with Mike (International Award), ID members Pam Tom (Calvert L. Willey
Distinguished Service Award ) and Dan Fung (Carl R. Fellers Award) were honored
in 2006; The four distinct Chinese FS&T societies profiled
IFT administrative changes reported and explained
th
Ralph Blanchfield reported on IUFoST 13 Congress; World of Food Science, IUFoST online journal launched; Ken Marsh addressed world hunger
Food Science in Australia (CSIRO) programs highlighted; IFT changes reported
ID members honored by IFT, International Award to Manjeet Chinnan
and S.C. Prescott Award to Jochen Weiss; IUFoST & Academy stuff
Phil Nelson awarded World Food Prize; successful University of Georgia – USAID
project described; Bob Bates calls for ID history items; Ralph Blanchfield reports on
cooperating agreement between UK (IFST) and Canada (CIFST) societies
ID Secretary, Antonio Martin initiates informative ‗ID Current Topics‘ column
ID Outstanding Members listed, 2004-2008; Subba Rao Gurram appointed IDNL
Edi-tor
IUFoST Forum planned for 14th World Congress, individual IFT member contribu-tion
solicited via Forum Guide; Mike Jimenez honored as ‗Hispanic-American Hero‘ in VA
and titled Editor Emeritus of IDNL; Subba Gurram appointed IDNL Editor
Andy Rao, ID Secretary remarks on ‗Food Science and World Hunger‘; Global Harmonization Initiative update by Huub Lelieveld
Jochen Weiss honored as ID Outstanding Member and 4 ID members elected IFT
2009 Fellows
th
IUFoST update for 15 World Congress
World of Food Science feature articles outlined; Taiwan Association for Food
Science and Technology (TAFoST) featured
Luis Fernandez selected as ID Outstanding Member, 2010; Upcoming Global
Harmo-nization Initiative for Chicago meeting announced
Annual Meeting paper submission policy changes described; annual Meeting recap
Ralph Blanchfield receives IUFoST Lifetime Achievement Award
Due to IFT Division policy changes, the International Division Newsletter ceased publication
with Issue #94, Jan/Feb 2011 after 32 years of continuous publication. Replaced by Division
items (Discussions, Blogs, Updates, Resources, etc.) posted on IFT/Division online
28
IFT International Division History
Appendix
Table 9. The 67 signatures
29
IFT International Division History
Appendix
30
IFT International Division History
Appendix
31
IFT International Division History
Appendix
32
IFT International Division History
Appendix
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IFT International Division History
Appendix
34
IFT International Division History
Appendix
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Anonymous, 1952. IFT Journals have world-wide distribution. Food Technol 6(2): 31.
Prescott, S.C. 1950. Beginnings of the history of the Institute of Food
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Goldblith, S.A. 1993. Samuel Cate Prescott: MIT Dean and Pioneer Food Technologist.
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