2
Irregular Verbs
Basics about Irregular Verbs
Most English verbs are regular. That is, they form their past tense and past participle by adding
-ed or -d to the basic form, as shown here:
Basic Form
Past Tense Past Participle
ask
raise
asked
raised
asked
raised
Some English verbs are irregular. They do not form their past tense and past participle by adding
-ed or -d to the basic form of the verb. Instead, their past tenses and past participles are formed in other
ways. Here are some of the most common irregular verbs.
Basic Form
Past Tense Past Participle
Basic Form
Past Tense Past Participle
become
begin
break
bring
catch
choose
come
do
drink
drive
eat
feel
find
forget
get
give
became
began
broke
brought
caught
chose
came did
drank
drove
ate
felt
found
forgot
got
gave
become
begun
broken
brought
caught
chosen
come
done
drunk
driven
eaten
felt
found
forgotten
got, gotten
given
go
grow
have
hide
is
keep
know
leave
read
see
shake
spend
take
tell
write
went
grew
had
hid
was
kept
knew
left
read
saw
shook
spent
took
told
wrote
gone
grown
had
hidden
been
kept
known
left
read
seen
shaken
spent
taken
told
written
A word about helping verbs Sometimes the verb of a sentence consists of more than one word.
In these cases, the main verb will be joined by one or more helping verbs. Look at the following
sentence:
I should have gone to bed earlier last night.
In this sentence, the main verb is gone. The helping verbs are should and have. Other common
helping verbs include be, can, could, do, has, may, must, will, and would.
When you use the above chart, keep these two points in mind:
1 If your sentence does not have a helping verb, choose the past tense form.
I ate a bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich.
2 If the sentence does have a helping verb, choose the past participle.
I had eaten a bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich.
Note If you think a verb is irregular, and it is not in the above list, look it up in your dictionary. If it is
irregular, the principal parts will be listed. See “Dictonary Use,” page 223.
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10
IRREGULAR VERBS
Irregular Verbs: PRACTICE
For each sentence below, fill in the correct form of the verb in the space provided.
1. When I ____________________ my leg, my friends scribbled cheerful
messages on the cast.
broke, broken
2. Nathan ____________________ most of his teenage years dressed in black
and alone in his bedroom.
spended, spent
3. The kindergarten teacher _______________ chicken pox from one of her
students.
catched, caught 4. The sign on the barbershop door said, “Closed. I have ________________
fishing.”
went, gone
5. Before he was famous, the horror author Stephen King taught high-school
wrote, writed
English and _______________ short stories and novels at night.
6. When my little sister broke the living-room lamp, she told my parents that
done, did
I had ____________________ it.
7. Seven people ____________________ potato salad to the church picnic,
and only one person made a dessert.
bringed, brought chose, choosed
8. Although she was close to winning $100,000, the game-show contestant lost
it all when she _________________ the wrong answer to the final question.
9. In the Fourth of July parade, the mayor __________________ an antique
Model T car that was owned by the city.
drove, drived
10. My friend stuck to his diet for six days. Then he ___________________ an
entire gallon of ice cream and a bag of Snickers in fifteen minutes.
eaten, ate
A Note on Three Problem Verbs
Three common irregular verbs that confuse many writers are be, do, and have. Here are the
correct present tense and past tense forms of these three verbs.
Present Tense
Past Tense
Be
I am
we are
I was
we were
you are
you are
you were
you were
he, she, it is
they are
he, she, it was
they were
Do
I do
you do
he, she, it does
Have I have
you have
he, she, it has
we do
you do
they do
I did
you did
he, she, it did
we did
you did
they did
we have
you have
they have
I had
you had
he, she it had
we had
you had
they had
IRREGULAR verbs
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Name______________________________________________________________ Section_ _____________________ Date____________________
Score: (Number right)__________ x 10 = _ _______________ %
Irregular Verbs: Test 1
Each of the items below contains two errors in irregular verbs. Find the errors and cross them out. Then,
in the spaces provided, write the correct forms of the verbs.
Note To help you master irregular verbs, explanations are given for five of the sentences.
1. Once I seen a hawk dive from the top of a tall tree to capture a field mouse. The bird catched the
tiny creature in its claws and flew back to its perch.
a. _____________
b. _____________
Use the past tense of the irregular verb see for the first correction needed.
2. Our neighbors have always gave their little children household chores. This month, their son sets
the table, and their daughter does some dusting. Last month, they both done some weeding in the
backyard.
a. _____________
b. _____________
Use the past participle of the irregular verb give for the first correction needed.
3. My aunt be a big fan of Elvis Presley. Every time she hears “Love Me Tender,” she becomes misty-eyed.
Last year, she and my uncle gone on a trip to Graceland, Elvis’s home. While there, she bought “Elvis
Lives” bumper stickers for herself and all her friends.
a. _____________
b. _____________
Use the past tense of the irregular verb go for the second correction needed.
4. It is dangerous to shake a baby. Many babies who have been shook have suffered brain injuries. The
adults who done this seldom meant to cause such harm.
a. _____________
b. _____________
Use the past tense of the irregular verb do for the second correction needed.
5. I was determined not to forget anything I needed at the store. I sat down and writed a long shopping
list. Feeling proud of myself, I went to the store. Then I realized I had forgotted the list.
a. _____________
b. _____________
Use the past participle of the irregular verb forget for the second correction needed.
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IRREGULAR VERBS
Name______________________________________________________________ Section_ _____________________ Date____________________
Score: (Number right)__________ x 10 = _ _______________ %
Irregular Verbs: Test 2
Each of the items below contains two errors in irregular verbs. Find the errors and cross them out. Then,
in the spaces provided, write the correct forms of the verbs.
1. It really can be more fun to give than to receive. Yesterday I gived my sister a ring of mine that she
has always loved. When she saw what I had gave her, her face lit up.
a. _____________
b. _____________
2. In the winter, I drink about a quart of orange juice a week. But last week when it was so hot, I
drinked that much in a day. Once all the orange juice was drank, I started in on ice water and cold
soda.
a. _____________
b. _____________
3. I was angry that my friend taked the money that was lying on the dresser. She didn’t know it
was mine, but she knowed it wasn’t hers.
a. _____________
b. _____________
4. The teacher becomed impatient with the students who had forgotten their homework. “I thought
you had growed up by now,” he complained.
a. _____________
b. _____________
5. Three people had saw the robbery take place, but no one be sure what the robber looked like.
a. _____________
b. _____________
IRREGULAR verbs
13
Name______________________________________________________________ Section_ _____________________ Date____________________
Score: (Number right)__________ x 10 = _ _______________ %
Irregular Verbs: Test 3
Read each sentence below. Then choose the correct verb, fill in the blank, and write the letter of your
choice in the space provided in the margin.
_____ 1. Sandy has _____________ to a counselor every week since her parents’ divorce.
a. went
c. go
b. wented
d. gone
_____ 2. My grandmother has ______________ our family history.
a. writed
c. written
b. wrote
d. write
_____ 3.
Our neighbors ______________ us crazy when they first moved in, but now we’re good
friends.
a. drived
c. driven
b. drove
d. droved
_____ 4. How long have you and Stephanie ______________ each other?
a. knew
c. knowed
b. known
d. knewed
_____ 5.
The lucky woman who ___________ the home run ball got it autographed by the
famous baseball player.
a. catched
c. caught
b. catch
d. caughted
_____ 6.
In the middle of dinner, Stacy gasped, “I ______________ I was supposed to baby-sit
tonight!”
a. forget
c. forgotted
b. forgotten
d. forgot
_____ 7.
Trying to avoid catching a cold, everyone in the family ______________ extra vitamin C
every day last winter.
a. take
c. taked
b. took
d. tooked
_____ 8.
The kindergarten teacher was not thrilled when Keith ______________ a live worm to
class.
a. bring
c. brought
b. brang
d. bringed
_____ 9. The boss______________ everyone to plan to work late Thursday night.
a. tell
c. told
b. telled
d. tolded
_____ 10. Only the people who had ______________ the first movie understood the sequel.
a. seen
c. seed
b. saw
d. sawed
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IRREGULAR VERBS
Name______________________________________________________________ Section_ _____________________ Date____________________
Score: (Number right)__________ x 10 = _ _______________ %
Irregular Verbs: Test 4
Read each sentence below. Then choose the correct verb, fill in the blank and write the letter of your
choice in the space provided in the margin.
_____ 1. Last July, Ivan ______________ an American citizen.
a.become
c.became
b.becomed
d.becamed
_____ 2. The tiny, cute puppy has ______________ into a ninety-pound monster.
a.grow
c.growed
b.grew
d.grown
_____ 3. Last night, Natalie ______________ nearly four hours on homework.
a.spent
c.spended
b.spends
d.spend
_____ 4.
Most people who traveled to Alaska during the Gold Rush _____________ little or
no gold.
a.finded
c.find
b.founded
d.found
_____ 5. My father has ______________ everything he can to keep our car in good shape.
a.did
c.do
b.done
d.doned
_____ 6. I had ______________ to do the assignment.
a.forget
c.forgot
b.forgotten
d.forgetted
_____ 7. My family had ______________ the whole pie before I got home.
a.eat
c.eaten
b.ate
d.eated
_____ 8. The millionaire businessman ______________ all his money to charity.
a.left
c.lefted
b.leave
d.leaved
_____ 9. Juanita has ______________ the color gray for her bridesmaids’ dresses.
a.chose
c.choose
b.choosed
d.chosen
_____ 10. The story was about a man who foolishly __________ some money in an old trash barrel.
a.hide
c.hided
b.hid
d.hides
www.e-grammar.org/irregular-verbs/
Irregular verbs: past simple - test 1
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Fill in the missing forms.
Write past simple forms and infinitives of
regular and irregular verbs.
be
.....................
begin
.....................
Example:
grew - grow
..................... broke
buy
.....................
a) grewentaughtoldranknewoneededid
b) woreadrewokeptsangthoughtriedrove
..................... could
come
.....................
.....................................................................
..................... cut
eat
.....................
fall
.....................
..................... got
give
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
.....................
..................... had
hear
.....................
hurt
.....................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
..................... left
make
.....................
..................... met
put
.....................
ride
.....................
..................... ran
..................... send
sit
.....................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
..................... slept
stand
.....................
take
.....................
wake
.....................
write
.....................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
e-grammar.org
www.e-grammar.org/irregular-verbs/
Irregular verbs exercises: pre-intermediate - test 2
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Fill in the past simple and past participle
forms of the verbs in brackets.
Underline mistakes and write the irregular
verbs correctly.
The arctic wind ................... from the north
yesterday morning. (blow)
bear - bored - born
....................
beat - beat - beat
....................
built - built - built
....................
cost - cost - costen
....................
feel - fell - felt
....................
Look at my hand! The dog has ...................
me. (bite)
I'm ill. I have .................. a cold, I'm afraid.
(catch)
Which shoes have you ............................. ?
(choose)
forget - forgot - forgot ....................
I .................... the cat a moment ago. (feed)
freeze - froaz - frozen
....................
My dad ........................... a Swiss watch on
a beach. (find)
hid - hid - hidden
....................
held - held - held
....................
lead - lead - led
....................
lend - lended -lent
....................
mean - ment - meant
....................
Imagine! She ............ in bed till noon! (lie)
pay - payed - paid
....................
Where is my key? I have .............. it! (lose)
ring - rung - rung
....................
We have .................... everything. We have
no more Latin music. (sell)
rise - rose - rose
....................
sit - set- set
....................
shut - shat - shut
....................
sing - sang - sang
....................
smel - smelt - smelt
....................
spent - spent - spent
....................
Greg has never ............... in the sea. (swim)
stand - stood - stoden
....................
We .............. the old clock away. We didn't
need it anymore. (throw)
stick - stack - stuck
....................
Have you ever .................... by plane? (fly)
He .................. me and I started to cry. (hit)
I .................... him go because he wanted to
see the match so much. (let)
Have I ......................... you my new mobile
phone yet? (show)
I .................... English a lot when we were
on holiday. (speak)
Someone .................... my bike in front of
the shop. (steal)
e-grammar.org
www.e-grammar.org/irregular-verbs/
Irregular verbs exercises: intermediate - test 3
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Fill in the missing forms.
Complete the sentences. Keep the same
meaning. Choose from these verbs.
be
was, were
beat
..................... beaten
..................... bit
broadcast
.....................
bitten
..................... broadcast
ring
shoot
win
speak
run
shut
steal
wake up
see
spend
swim
send
draw
teach
He closed the window and went to bed.
..................... brought
brought
He ................ the window and went to bed.
burn
burnt
.....................
I have worked as a teacher for three years.
can
.....................
I .................................. for three years.
choose
..................... chosen
The fish moved away from the bridge.
..................... cost
cost
The fish ................. away from the bridge.
do
did
.....................
Who has made this picture?
dream
..................... dreamt
Who .................................. this picture?
drive
drove
.....................
The bell made a lof noise.
..................... fell
fallen
The bell ............... very loudly.
..................... fed
fed
We talked to them last week.
fight
.....................
We ................. with them last week.
flown
Someone has killed the bird with a gun.
freeze
..................... frozen
Someone .................................. the bird.
give
gave
How long have you worked on it?
grow
..................... grown
How much time ............ you ............ on it?
have
..................... had
The dog came quickly to his master.
fought
..................... flew
.....................
..................... hid
hidden
The dog ................. to his master.
hold
.....................
She was the first in the race.
..................... kept
kept
She ................. the race.
..................... led
led
Has Joy opened her eyes?
leave
left
.....................
Has Joy .................................. ?
let
..................... let
held
..................... lost
mean
They have taken it from the shop illegaly.
lost
They ................................. it from the shop.
..................... meant
I posted the letter on Monday.
..................... paid
paid
I ................. the letter on Monday.
read
.....................
I haven't met you for ages.
read
I ............................................. you for ages.
e-grammar.org
The Most Common Irregular Verbs List
base form
be
bear
beat
begin
bite
blow
broadcast
break
bring
build
burn
buy
can
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fly
forget
freeze
get
give
go
grow
hang
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
past simple
was/were
bore
beat
began
bit
blew
broadcast
broke
brought
built
burnt
bought
could
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
did
drew
dreamt
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
flew
forgot
froze
got
gave
went
grew
hung
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
past participle
been
born
beaten
begun
bitten
blown
broadcast
broken
brought
built
burnt
bought
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
done
drawn
dreamt
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forgotten
frozen
got
given
gone
grown
hung
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
known
base form
lead
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
read
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
sell
send
set
shoot
show
shut
sing
sit
sleep
smell
speak
spend
stand
steal
stick
swim
take
teach
tell
think
throw
wake
wear
win
write
past simple
led
learnt
left
lent
let
lay
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
set
shot
showed
shut
sang
sat
slept
smelt
spoke
spent
stood
stole
stuck
swam
took
taught
told
thought
threw
woke
wore
won
wrote
www.e-grammar.org/irregular-verbs/
past participle
led
learnt
left
lent
let
lain
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
ridden
rung
risen
run
said
seen
sold
sent
set
shot
shown
shut
sung
sat
slept
smelt
spoken
spent
stood
stolen
stuck
swum
taken
taught
told
thought
thrown
woken
worn
won
written