Multiple choice (3 points each, 120 points)
1. Use the information in the following paragraph to answer the following two questions.
You are walking around while on an international vacation and spot an unusual looking group
of animals. You note that this species has sexual dimorphism. The females have a small pouch
on their undersides, while the males are larger and tend to congregate together. The animals
are very friendly and allow you to touch them. When you do, you notice that they are warm
to the touch. What are you looking at?
A A marsupial
B An echidna
C A small bird
D A carnivore
E An apodan
2. Where did you travel to?
A Florida
B Europe
C Japan
D Canada
E Australia
3. Pelycosaurs ate:
A Small fish
B Small dinosaurs
C Lots and lots of plant matter to get enough calories to fuel their large bodies
D Animals of their own size
E Lucky Charms
Name_______________________
4. Which of the following is the BEST example of runaway selection?
A Male raccoons have longer and fluffier tails than female raccoons.
B Male chickadees will sing for extremely long periods in the early morning, often exhausting
themselves almost to the point of falling from their trees.
C Male rams have enormous horns they use to defend their harems (groups of females).
D Male elephant seals have enormous proboscises (noses) that allow them to bellow during
fighting with other males.
E Male roan deer with the most offspring have antlers that are so heavy they have trouble
walking and occasionally cannot escape from predators.
5. The following traits are found in BOTH fungus and plants EXCEPT:
A Non-motile
B Haplo-diplontic life cycles
C Dikaryotic stages
D Absorb nutrients from soil
E All of the above traits are found in BOTH fungus and plants
6. You’re on a trip to Costa Rica (an island off of central America) and a fellow traveler tells
you about a small furry animal he found on a rainforest walk. He was able to observe the
animal very closely, but could not identify it. Which of the following observations would
convince you this was a primate?
A It was nursing it’s baby.
B It was clearly nocturnal.
C Its eyes were both on the front of the face and it had a functional thumb.
D It had binocular vision.
E It was eating meat and had a dense coat of fur with a full undercoat.
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Name_______________________
7. Dr. Theo Poulin tells you he is studying a reptile with parental care. Which of the following is
UNLIKELY to be true about his study organism?
A It’s related to a crocodile.
B It’s extinct.
C It’s extant.
D It’s limbless.
E It was descended from an archosaur.
8. Most animals are:
A Heterotrophs
B Unicellular
C Vertebrates
D Asexual
E Yummy
9. Which of the following organisms do NOT have septa?
A Earthworms
B Round worms
C Zygomycetes
D Yeasts
E Leaches
Either B OR D is considered correct for #9
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Name_______________________
10. Which of the following could be considered the outgroup to the amphibians?
A Choanoflagellates
B Lampreys
C Coelocanths
D Apodans
E Reptiles
11. Which of the following is NOT a prediction based on the theory of island biogeography?
A Larger islands can support more species than smaller islands.
B Larger islands have significantly higher immigration rates than smaller islands.
C More isolated islands have lower immigration rates than less isolated islands.
D An island closer to the mainland will reach equilibrium faster than one farther from the
mainland.
E Large islands close to mainland regions will have the highest equilibrium value of species
diversity.
12. Which of the following is in the Platyhelminthes?
A A comb jelly
B A tape worm
C A round worm
D A rotifer
E A bascidiomycete
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Name_______________________
13. Feathers…
A …are made of keratin.
B …are modified reptilian scales.
C … provide lift that allows for flight.
D… all of the above.
E …A and C only.
14. Which of the following options correctly completes this statement?
"______ are multicellular, photosynthetic, autotrophic, eukaryotes that can survive and
reproduce on land."
A Protists
B Algae
C Animals
D Fungi
E Land plants
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Name_______________________
15.
Label the tips of the above phylogeny with the three phyla of protostomic coelomates we
discussed in class. Which of the below traits could be placed at the tick mark with the star?
A Segmentation
B Jointed legs
C Hard shells
D All of the above
E Cephalization only
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Name_______________________
16. Amphibian populations have been on the decline for several decades. Scientists believe
that the disease they suffer from is caused by:
A A chitrid
B An archean
C A virus
D A prion
E Voldemort
17. Sponges can be all of the following EXCEPT:
A Colonial
B Free-swimming
C Polyps
D Sexual
E Highly variable in size
18. Which of the following is a true statement?
A Amphibians were a transitional form that never adapted very well to life on land.
B The lobed-finned fish have always been a small group of species.
C Ichthyostega had stronger front legs than earlier lobed fish to support walking.
D There are more bony fish than insects.
E Early amphibians had to regularly return to the water to breathe through their gills.
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Name_______________________
19. Fungal digestion is similar to that of:
A Most protists
B Choanoflagellates specifically
C Mosses and ferns
D A sea anemone
E Fungal digestion is truly unique and not found in any other type of organism
20. Some beetles and flies (insects) have antler-like structures on their heads that they use in
competition for females, much like male deer. The existence of antlers in beetle, fly, and deer
species with strong male-male competition is an example of:
A Character displacement
B Allopatry
C Homology
D Analogy
E The ghost of competition past
21. The development of the pseudocoel in the rotifers and the nematodes is an example of:
A Character displacement
B Allopatry
C Homology
D Analogy
E The ghost of anatomy past
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Name_______________________
22. Chordates…
A …all have heads.
B …originated in aquatic environments.
C …are the most evolved animals.
D …are all vertebrates.
E …embryonic development where their mouths develop first.
23. I am lecturing to you about organisms from a single phylum. One of the organisms is
photosynthetic, one is a multicellular parasite of reptiles, and one is a sexually reproducing
species that eats members of a slightly smaller species in the same phylum. Without knowing
anything else about these organisms, which of the following kingdoms probably contains this
phylum?
A Animalia
B Plantae
C Fungi
D Archaea (technically a domain, not a kingdom)
E Protista
24. The pseudocoel…
A …provides a housing for organs.
B …allows for more efficient movement.
C …is completely enclosed in mesoderm.
D …is a very simple muscle.
E …is an unusual reproductive structure.
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Name_______________________
25. Which of the following is a trait only found in fish?
A Paired appendages
B Gill pouches
C Exoskeletons
D Cartilage
E Swim bladder
26. Dr. Jerome Krazypants studies adaptations associated with different fur patterns. He is
working on small hooved animals, called camalopes, that graze on grass for most of the day.
The camalopes live in large herds and are predated by a large cat, the camalopavore.
Generally camalopes are a dull reddish-orange. However, in the course of his work, Dr.
Krazypants has found several rare mutants that have green fur. He’s completely flummoxed
by this. Knowing that you are an excellent Bio200 student, Dr. Krazypants calls you to ask what
you think will happen to these mutant animals.
A They will lose their green fur as they grow older, replacing it with normal reddish fur.
B They will eventually show other odd traits due to pleiotropy.
C They will survive better than the average reddish camalope because they are better
camouflaged in the green grass and the green fur coloring will spread through directional
selection.
D They will be eaten immediately because of their unusual coloring.
E They will survive just as well as their reddish siblings.
27. If an organism is an Ecdysozoan, you know it is also…
A … a protostome.
B … a deuterostome.
C … a rotifer.
D … a coelomate.
E … impossible to pronounce correctly.
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Name_______________________
28. You would expect female choice to be strongest in:
A Lizards
B Koalas
C Lampries
D Caimans
E Parrots
29. Which of the following groups is NOT paraphyletic?
A Dinosaurs
B Glomeromycetes
C Slime molds
D Pseudocoelomates
E Prokaryotes
30. Which of the following organisms do NOT have a mantle?
A Slug
B Clam
C Octopus
D Earthworm
E Snail
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Name_______________________
31.
You have a friend who shows you the phylogeny above and tells you he made it in his Bio200
lab. You tell him:
A He hasn’t taken into consideration new data about how animals grow.
B That the phylogeny is missing a major new division between two types of protostomes.
C That the roundworms need to branch off the arthropod line.
D All of the above
E That the phylogeny is correct because it shows the separation between the protostomes
and the deuterostomes.
32. Which of the following animals has the highest oxygen needs?
A A woodpecker
B A lung fish
C A salamander
D A chameleon
E Dr. Poulin
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Name_______________________
33. One of the worst hurricanes in modern history sweeps across a small oceanic island, the
destruction from flooding and wind leaves the island virtually lifeless. Scientists study this island
beginning 6 months after the storm and for the following 25 years. Here are species counts for
the island:
6 months
5 years
10 years
15 years
25 years
Birds
0
4
16
32
33
Plants
0
15
111
200
204
Reptiles
0
0
2
5
8
Which of the following statements is NOT likely to be true given the above data?
A Birds are at equilibrium at 25 years.
B Plants are at equilibrium at 25 years.
C Reptiles are at equilibrium at 15 years.
D The extinction rate is equal to the immigration rate for plants after 25 years.
E Species diversity is increasing because of immigration.
34. When examining a member of the Polyplacophora, you would expect to see:
A A radula
B A free-swimming organism
C Tentacles
D Paired shells
E A predatory organism
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Name_______________________
35. Which of the following does NOT have an amniotic egg and external gestation?
A Passeriformes
B Tuataras
C Apodans
D Snakes
E Fawkes, the Phoenix in Dumbledore’s office
36. Which of the following traits are ONLY found in animals?
A Bilateral symmetry
B Heterotrophic metabolism
C Locomotion
D Both asexual and sexual reproduction
E Animals share all of these traits with at least one species in non-animal groups.
37. You find a mushroom growing on a dead tree in your back yard. You quickly determine
that this species is:
A … a saprophyte.
B … a parasite.
C … a yeast.
D … a sporophyte.
E … magical.
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Name_______________________
38.
You’re back at the library studying for Bio200 and you come across the above phylogeny of
members of several phyla in another old textbook. Use it to answer the following two
questions. Given all you know now about the animal tree of life, which of the following
statements is true?
A This is an accurate representation of the our current view of the tree of life.
B This is not an accurate representation of the tree of life because it doesn’t group
ecdysozoans together.
C This is not an accurate representation of the tree of life because sea anemones are
echinoderms and should branch off after lobsters.
D This is not an accurate representation of the tree of life because slugs and leeches are in the
same phylum.
E This would be a correct representation of the tree of life if you moved the C. elegans branch
from the point labeled A, to the point labeled B.
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Name_______________________
39. The animal represented by the node labeled A probably had:
A A true coelom
B A hydrostatic skeleton
C An exoskeleton
D Legs
E Segmentation
40. Which of the following pairs of structures are homologous?
A chimpanzee fur, human body hair
B butterfly wing, cicada wing
C lizard tail, tadpole tail
D snapdragon petal, sweet pea petal
E all of the above
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Name_______________________
Free response (80 points)
1. (9 points) Organize these six events in the history of time, numbering them from one to six
(with “1” indicating the earliest event and “6” indicating the most recent): (1.5 pts each)
Order
Event
3
Multicellular organisms arise
5
Amniotic egg evolves
1
Earth begins to cool
2
The first protobionts form
4
Plants invade land
6
The first animal lactates
2. (5 points) There are genetically controlled differences in fur density of Big Brown Bats
(Eptesicus fuscus). Bats either homozygous dominant or heterozygous have high fur density,
while homozygous recessive bats have low fur density. The following is a table of data
collected in a local population over three years on these two types of big brown bat.
Population
frequency
Genotype
2001
2002
2003
High fur density (F_)
.84
.80
.73
Low fur density (ff)
.16
.20
.37
Is evolution occurring in these bats? (Yes or No) (2 pts)
Yes
How can you tell? (one sentence) (3 pts)
The frequency of the alleles is changing over time.
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Name_______________________
3. (5 points) Why is it often hard to treat a fungal infection? (2 sentences max) (3 pts for
eukaryote, 2 pts for affects host)
Fungus is a eukaryote and typically attacks other eukaryotes. Any action against the fungus
usually affects the host negatively.
4. (11 points) Name a group of organisms or specific species mentioned in lecture that belongs
to each of the following categories. You may use common or scientific names, depending on
what was used in lecture. (1 pt each, Various answers are acceptable, answers listed are
guidelines)
Organism
Category
Ferns & allies
Seedless vascular plant
Sponges up through Chordates
Animal
Mussels, Clams, Oysters, Scallops
Bivalve
Hagfish, lamprey, sharks, rays, bony fish,
lobe fined fish, ray finned fish
Fish
E. coli (Prokaryotes and most protists)
Exclusively asexual
Gnetum, Welwitschia, Ephedra
Gnetophyte
Dinoflagellates, Ampicomplexans (like
Plasmodium), Paramecium
Alveolata
Bacteria or Archean
Prokaryote
Cup fungus, Yeast, Pennicillin, truffles,
morels, Chestnut Blight, Dutch Elm disease
Ascomycete
Any echinoderm or chordate
Deuterostome
Glomeromycete or Glomus
Mycorrhizal fungus
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Name_______________________
5. (12 points) Write the name of the adaptation described and the group of VERTEBRATES that
FIRST evolved the structure. You may repeat vertebrate groups. (1 pt for the correct
adaptation, 1 pt for the correct group)
Description
Adaptation
Vertebrate group
Lungs are inflated and
deflated by the expansion
and contraction of the rib
cage.
Thoracic breathing
Reptiles
Organ allowing for the
transfer of nutrients to a
developing embryo
Placenta
Mammals
Gas exchange occurs
across the skin
Cutaneous breathing
Amphibians
A watertight shell with four
internal membranes
enclosing a developing
embryo
Amniotic egg
Reptiles
Internal structure that can
be filled or emptied to
control buoyancy
Swim bladder
Fish
Internal control of
temperature
Endothermy, Warm
blooded
Birds (can give credit for
Mammals too)
6. (2 pts) List the two traits that are found in monotremes but not other mammals. (1 pt each)
Egg laying
Milk comes through skin, rather than nipples.
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Name_______________________
7. (6 pts) Put the name of the correct group of primates next to the descriptions below (use the
most exact and MOST ENCOMPASSING name for your group): (2 pts per name)
Group
Description
Hominids
Bipedal organism with a broad pelvis and
curved spine.
Prosimians
Generally nocturnal, herbivorous group,
lacking color vision.
Anthropoids Diurnal organisms with extensive social
systems and prolonged parental care.
8. (10 pts) Place the following species/groups in the correct positions on the phylogenetic tree
below. Write neatly so that each tip’s label can be read. You may angle the names or use
arrows to the tips if the full names do not fit in a single line.
Chanoflagellate, Nanoarchaeum equitans (archaean), Penicillin, Orchid, Millipede, Feather
star, You, Plasmodium falciparum, Green algae, Escherichia coli
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Name_______________________
9. (20 pts) The map below has the continents labeled with capital letters. I have listed 10
animals below the map. Write the letter of the continent where you would expect to find
them (or their fossils!) next to each name. Some of these may live in more than one place and
therefore a correct answer will require multiple letters. (10 pts)
Marmoset = B (Just B = 1 pt, A & B = 1 pt, only A = .5 pts)
Virginia opossum = A
Gibbon = E
“Lucy” = C
Baboon = C
Yapok = B
Homo erectus = C, D, and E (all = 1, 1 or 2 correct & none wrong = . 5, 1 wrong or missing = .5,
otherwise = 0)
Echidna = F
Homo habilis = C
Tuatara = F
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Name_______________________
Put all of the animals listed above (EXCEPT the Yapok) on the phylogeny below. The dotted
line marks the present. (9 pts)
Which animal could correctly be replaced by the Yapok? (1 pt)
The Virginia opossum
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Name_______________________
Extra credit questions (Answer as many as you can for up to five points of extra credit):
1. One of the extra credit links showed “Frodo” eating a bushpig. What species is Frodo?
A chimpanzee
2. How do we think sharks swim so fast?
They raise scales on their skin creating dimples like a golf ball to reduce drag.
3. Do more or fewer minerals exist now than did when the solar system formed?
More
4. What is the source of DNA scientists might use to regenerate a woolly mammoth?
Hair, horn, or fur from museum specimens (just museum specimens is fine)
5. We previously thought photosynthesis began around 2.7 billion years ago. Does new
research push that estimate back (earlier) in time or up (later) in time?
Up
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