The “Cold War”
“Cold War”
 What is it?
 Why does it develop?
 What does it take to “win”?
 How is it “fought”?
 What are the consequences?
Cold War
 What is it?
 Conflict, tension
 U.S. & allies in western Europe
vs.
 U.S.S.R., satellites, & allies
“Cold War”
 Why does it develop?
 Differences between US & USSR
 Economic
 Political
 Ideological (beliefs)
“Cold War”
 What does it take to win?
 Economic prosperity
 Collective security
Weapons superiority
“nuclear deterrence”
“arms race”
Weapons superiority
“Space race”
Sputnik
October 1957
Military superiority
Size
Strength
Training
Technology
Information superiority
 “intelligence”
KGB
National Security Act - 1947
Intelligence agencies of the U.S.
Intelligence
 Human
 Spies
 Espionage
 Signals intelligence
 Intercepting communications
 Imagery intelligence
 Aerial & satellite photography
“U-2” spy plane
Cold War Foreign Policy
“Containment”
 Prevent (“contain”) spread of Communism
 George Kennan
“Domino Theory”
“Containment” policy tested
Marshall Plan - 1947
 Western Europe
Truman Doctrine - 1947
 Greece & Turkey
China - 1949
 Who lost China?
“Containment” policy tested
Korea - 1950
Korean War
1950 - 1953
U.N. “police action”
“proxy war”
 Major powers use 3rd
party as substitutes for
fighting each other
directly
Other Cold War “proxy” wars
Vietnam
Angolan War of Independence
Middle East conflicts
 Arab nations vs. Israel
Lebanese Civil War
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Cuba, Chile, Nicaragua
Threat of Communism at home
H.U.A.C.
 “subversive” activities
Threat of Communism at home
Hollywood & the entertainment industry
Threat of Communism at home
Motion Picture Alliance
“Motion pictures are inescapably one of the world's greatest forces for
influencing public thought and opinion, both at home and abroad. In this
fact lies solemn obligation. We refuse to permit the effort of Communist,
Fascist, and other totalitarian-minded groups to pervert this powerful
medium into an instrument for the dissemination of un-American ideas and
beliefs. We pledge ourselves to fight, with every means at our organized
command, any effort of any group or individual, to divert the loyalty of the
screen from the free America that give it birth. And to dedicate our work, in
the fullest possible measure, to the presentation of the American scene, its
standards and its freedoms, its beliefs and its ideals, as we know them and
believe in them”
Threat of Communism at home
“Fifth Amendment Communists”
“The Hollywood Ten”
Threat of Communism at home
John Henry Faulk
Threat of Communism at home
Executive Order 9835
 Loyalty reviews
List of “subversive” organizations
 NAZI Party
 KKK
 National Negro Congress
 League of American Writers
“Second
Red Scare”
Alger Hiss
Klaus Fuchs
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
Threat of Communism at home
“I have here in my
hand a list of 205 – a
list of names…[of]
members of the
Communist Party
…who…are still
working…in the State
Department”
- 1950
Senator Joe McCarthy
Roy Cohn
End of “McCarthyism”
 Army-McCarthy Hearings - 1954
Consequences of Second “Red Scare”
 Loss of job, imprisonment
 Culture of Suspicion, accusation
 Guilt by association
 Loyalty oaths
 Blacklisting
 Censorship
 Forced conformity