Citizenship in an independent
Scotland: legal status and political
implications
Jo Shaw
Working Paper 2013/34
! "
#
$
! "
"
% &
"
#
'
()*+,+.
/ ()-01-)20
The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336.
3 ()*+ $
4
5
6
7
5
8 7
9
5 5 &
4
5
'
.
:
5
5
;
<= (>
.
5 5 &,
& ?
&
"
@
!
#
8
8 B
& 5
.5 "
A
&'
8
' @
5
&
@
5
5 5 &
5 (+)(+2
1
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
$
*
C
D E%
E
& 7
C %
& % 6 FD
FD5 C
5
7
D
5C
&
5 "
4
&
"
.
5
C
D E%
E
& 7
C %
& % 6 FD
FD C
5
7
D
"
*
$
C
&
:
&
C
"
!
H &
"
:
5
@
!
5
1
/
% &
5
5 5 5 &# ! 8 (+)(+2#
#5 "
5
8
C:
;
G &
6 @
5"
"
7
% &
()*+ "I"
'
8
'
C
7
6
B
;
:
()*+
"
I
8
G
B
()*+5
J@ 5
9
5 5 &5
2
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
5
!
E
D
6 #
.
#
!
(
5
7
5
%
F
&
!
F#
K
K
7
!
#5
5
.+
5
&
.
;
;
.
.
5
L5+
.
!()*( :/
J
"
•
#
@
()*(
(=L )))
1 .
1 .
!
+ML )))#5:
•
.
/
"
=L) )))
()) )))
I
•
6
(
-L) )))
*22=
L
"
+
E
%
;05
.D
5
L
.0
.5M
@
1
E .D
.
58
-
5N
1
EI
:4
.
E .D
J6 :
D
()*+
J,,
()*( :/
5
()
5 45 5 &,
=L-- ()*+
L
0
$5
8
M
@
5
5
B
())25
())*
5
5
:I'6
,
()5
5
3
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
5
•
"
1&
.
5
&
&
& 5
&
5
<
4
& 5
7
D
.
&
D
5
&
4
D
&
7
5 :
!
<
&
•
7
7
F#5
J
%
*=
()*-
F
•
•
%
()*0
!
E
D
#F
6
K
()*+
K
!
B
#
$
! 5 5
1
%
F
=
4
#F
%
.
&1
.
=
6
E
J,,
5
5 %
D
5
5
I
5 &,'
,()*+,)(,=)M2,)5
"
4
4
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
!
B
5
&
%
/'
5
())2
()**5
5 %
&
7
&
,
%
'
'
('
)
2
E
FD 6
7
B
J
5I
.
56
4
.
56
5
*
6
5*) "
"
J
"
5
5B
;
D
"
O
4
.5
&
4
J
E
•
D !
#O
•
&
!
#
#
J,,
*)
())2
5
B
J,,
O
'
B
2
5
5
!
5 &,'
*
"
5
5 &,8
('
)
( &
%
,())2,**,(0*LL2+(,) /
(+ ,
" ,C ,(=+==0,))=0)((5
&
())2
%
(-1(L !
())2
*+L !
5 =5((#5
5 L5*+#5
5
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
•
!
#
&
E
DO
•
E
D
.5
*
4
,
"
1
4
1
&
6
5
&
5"
1
K
1
D
E
**
K
7
!
7
7
#
5
&
5
*(
'
*0
1
*M
@
1
E
D
.
E
D!
#5
:
1
5
()*+
E
DK
5
1
5<
1
7
"
&
*+
7
4
55 5 $5
/
*+
J,,
D +
,
,
1
,
%
5
1
*/
5
()*)O $5
E6
1
1
'
;
.
1
1
*M $
1
()*+
1
8
6
()*(
5
$5 <
5
J I" '
1
"
(2 6
5
*-
M==1=)-5
M05
J /'
"
5
5
5*+L=--0L*L5
E
:
#
D !())2# LM
J,,
*-
7
$
*(
6 4
&
"
**
I
5 &, ,
% 0
*)5
()*(*+,
,
(%
,*+2,*+2
#
)(5
:
()*(
1
6
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
I
B
! "
()*+
#
$
%
5 6 E
E D
D
&
5 ;
5*L
/
&
5*0 6
6
L
<
()*(
'
;
8
&
*M
*=
@
5*2
&
7
&
/'D
&
())(
'
;
/
I
&
5() "
"
*L
6
!
J,,
I
J,,
4
&
5=
5 (5*-5
I
5 45 5 &,
@
,
D I
5 45 5 &,
1
*0
"
EI
:
#J $5 B
:
@
E
'
'
1
,
;
()*(
1
1
1
1
5%
D
% &
B
) -1
&
2
6
()*+
J,,
D
%
,
J
5
5
5 &,
"
1
1()*-
5"
4
7
E/
*2#
!
D
E
.
J
O
5 5
O
*M
1
K
"
1
5D
:
J
J,,
5
J,,
5
J,,
5
*= .5 C
E
J,,
5
1
5*==(+L-(5
*2 5 5
J,,
5
() 6
4
5
5 &,
5
5
5 &, ,
5 &, ,
;
,
5
,
,
()*(*+,
,
()*(*+,
()*(*+,
&
1
,
,
,
1
8
5
5 &,*)00?;
,*+2,*()2)L5
,*+2,*+2 )-5
!
#
,*+2,*+2 )(5
!8
#5
D + .
=
()*(
1
1 1 1
1 1 & 1 1
(L
5
"
5
()*+
5
())L
J
J,,
5
,
5
5
7
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
D
E
@
()**
%5
D
;
8
C
;
!
#
7
5(*
6
E
D
'
"
B
6
()*L
4
&
&
5
B
D
%
5
'
()*+
&
@
1
&
!
#5
@
5
"
!
&
5(( "
E
E
D
K
.
6 5
4
(+
.
(-
6
J,,
J
5$
5
%
;
((
& D
D5
K
(*
E
'
1
,
,
5
%5
$ ,
()*(5
& E
D !())M# ** % 0
J
+M1
-=5
E
(+
D
J
J,,
E
6
E
1
D!
5
7
,
#
,
1
D
@
,
E
5"
D
1<
5
.
(-
;
#
/
3
/
5
()*(
5
<5 %
5
1
&
*/
% 0
5 5
(%
8
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
&
D
;
.
E
;
6
"
*2-= !
#5
())2
6 5/
4
&
5"
E
D
&
5
&
E
D
E
D5 ;
(L
!E
D
E
D
5#
E
E
D5(0
D
!5 5
#
7
5 8
5
"
! 5 5
#5
I
&
'
5(M
E
D
5 6
1
@
56
1 .1
$5
$5
(0 <5 6
(L
(M
(=
;
"5 H & A"
"H & !
5# % 0
+
+
$5
+ +
'
())M5
()** .
5(=
J
#
&
6
C
% 0
J6
J<
0(P
!
&
()*+ 4 144 5
1;
1$
*
/
;
*2M+
(205
J
!2P#
5"
!*=P##
$
;
FA
6
L+P
;
!
#5 <
7
&
4
E
!
6
;
#5 <
9
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
1
5
;
5
4
(2
5$
&
4
4
!
1
1
#
1
!
4
E
D
#5
+)
.
&
56
#
.
!
@
.5
+*
.D
5+(
5"
6
*
C
*2++ I
8
E #
O #
O #
&
7
&
J,,
5
,5
$51 5 6
1
(2
*
;
4
F:
& 5
85 ;
G & I5
+
%
,()*+,)2,
C5 <
% 0
D (M
1 1 1
1
5.
DJ $5
()*+
&1 1
I5 I
/
E%
1
1
*
+
%
'
()*+ ' -M-5--*
J,,
5
5
5 ,
, ,
5
F
C
2-MM=
L ! 86 " 8
#5
+)
5$
& E
D !()*)# L*
*
4
5*
6
2K+(5
+* <5 %
E
.
J
D
C:
/
-I
()*+
J,,
1
5 ,
,
1
,=*+1 &O ;
"
$
E
;
&
&
()*+O
J,,
5
5
,()*+,)(,(M,
1
1
1 & 1
1
1
& ,O ;
"
$
E<
I
'
;
D *0 I ()*+
J,,
5
5
,()*+,)L,*0,
1
1
1
1
1
,E
6
@
1
E
4
S:
& @
& 5D
+( I5 ;
EC
1
*L % 0
L=+1L2L5
1
1
1
"
% 0
6
$5
*
#
;
Q /R
&
1&
Q
D (M
1 1
1 1
%
D !()**#
1
10
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
O
#
5D %
!
#
&
++
5 "
5
&
$
@
"
E
+-
&D
I /
" $
E
56
8
4
D
D5 "
C
*L
<
J
*5
(5 /
5
5
"
&
/
#
*22M !
1
5
+L
())0
6
+0
&
5%
4
&
7
%
6 4
++
6
7
1
6
5
D
B
+M
.
D
.B
$
;
E
J $5
D
7
65 ;
8 -
4
=L-- ()*+5
5I
5
%
"
(+ 8
B
(M $
()*(
*0 I
()*(
J,,
5
,
Q((+L+-=
+L1+M5
+- 8
9
:&
; *2LL " $ -5
+L
*00O
J,,
5 5 ,
, ,
,<
,*005
+0
())O
J,,
5 5 ,
, ,
,<
,())5
+M 65
E
B
B
D 6
;
C 26
()*+
J,,
5
5
5 &,/
,
,
18
8
5
5
&
1
'
"
%
1
5
()*+,*0
11
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
7
5
6
K
;
+=
1
E
@
D5
&
5;
&
4
D
"
D !
!
1
E
D#
&
#
#
+2
5
&
;
&
&
4
5
&
.
@
E
D
5
%
7
&
&
5
&
&
4
. !
#5 "
N &
&
;
G &
5
-)
'
E
7
D
5;
5"
4
C
/
6
()*+ I
< 0-+
>((J,,
5
5 &, , ()*(*+,
,
,0-+,*+)*(=5
5
+=
;
5++ *)-5
+2
B6 8 LL,*L+ !()))#
/B
6
8
6
4 O
J,,
5 5
, ,
,
?
5
F
Q6,8 ,LL,*L+R
Q 5
-) I5 N &
85 ;
G & E
J6
D %
*
*M $
()*+O
J*)5*)LM,
5()*+5*-5
<
I
(= $
5
12
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
5
&
2
5
5 5
&
5
I
&
E
D -*
.
5;
.! 5 5
4
#
E
D
&
5
!
I
1
1
-(
K
#
K
5-+
&
5
&
7
E
DF >
1
5
7
1
1
5
-*
D
-(
.5 8
5B
()** *-+1*025
I
85 C 4
/5
!
1I
E
%
5# %
-+
8
'
()*+ !
J,,
5
5 45 5 &,
@
,
()*+
5
%
8
-# **
5
J
:
*0
J,,
8 -
()*+
5 &, -?
,8
(
, 8*+1)(?
5
13
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
5"
C
B
8
I
--
K
-L
E
&
4 K
C
D
.
;
8
&
G &5-M I
C
:
4
-0
5-=
1
&
! 5 5
;
#5
&
E
FD
%
6
!5 5
%
1
16
E
D
#5 ;
G &
4
D
E
1
& 5-2
E
D
E
&
5DL)
&
&
5 6
.
--L
-0
-M
5 5 C5 I
8
B
C5 .
85 ;
E"
&
G & E
D !())=# *0 6
" 6
/
E
-)10=5
6 6
E%
/
"
+M*1+2)5
D !())M# +L
*
'
8 -#
- +2+1--MO 85 ;
D !())2# * *
6
J
FD !())+# -
&
4
N
DD !())M# ML "
I
C
-= C5 :
E
D !()**# *- %
#
-2 85 ;
G & E
4
5C
E 4
J,, 45 5
,*)5*)=),)*-*2=M)5()*+5=(0=*(5
L) 85 ;
G & E
=-M1=L25
'
=L1***5
J6/
G & EB
$
*1+*5
0-*100+5
D !())2# *+ % 0
D *
#
D !()*)# +0 6
*
-ML1-22O
()*+
14
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
!5 5
"
&
.#5
@
5"
5
D
5
4
!
-
L#5
;
&
&
K
E
D
K
E
5
D!
D
4
"
L*
E
7
E
1
4D
41
'
#
F
#
!
$
6
!
5 5
1
#
7
5;
&
&
J
•
F
L*
65
J,,
E
5
D
5
,
,
,()*(,@
&
SD5
,
D <
1
1
1
(- $
1
1
()*(
J E6
"
15
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
•
7
K
6
!
K
#F
& 7
F"
E
!5 5
#
!
F
1
F
1
F#5 "
! 5 5
@
#
!
4
#5 %
5:
.
7
&
5<
K
K
.
&
;
5
+
0
1
&
J
•
;
o ;
7
1
F
o %
.
.F
•
8
o %
o
o I
F
F
F
F
•
o <
o ;
o 6
4
•
"
F
F6
!
@
#
F
F
.
F
o %
1 .
! 5 5 TL
#
@
16
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
.
L(
! 5 5 T*)
1
o I
!
#F
&
#
F
o
7
!
#
&
.
F
4
7
B
4
!
E
D
"
D
L+
#
4
4
.
5 6
.
1
!
#
.
&
7
5
!
#O
5
!
#
7
;
5%
&
& &
.
@
&
.!
"
. &
.
#F C
4 56
7
L(
*!*#
7
*)P
4
K
;
.
/
6
5
*2=*
;
E
D!5 5
@
#5
*) ! *!-# ;/6# !
#5
E
L+
7
5*L5
D
5
17
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
& 5L- "
4
D
6
7
&
5LL
%
FI
%
*2=2 ! 5 5
&
& #
E
D
5:
E
D
1
1
58
;
&
4
4
1
4
&
4 5L0
;
&
E
D
!
5 5
&
8
;
6
D
;
4 D
;
E
!
4
#5 "
&
#
E
& D
&
E
D
E
D
E
D
5
E
D
!
#
5"
%
1
5
5I
C5 C N
())25
LL B5
L-
%
% 0
.
'
V
%
< "U6 C
:4
'
$
E
*0=1*==5
L0 85 ;
& E
#
- (021(2*5
'
6
"
D !*22(# (0
WD !()**# -2
/ 5 -+*(
18
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
7
LM
D
E
D
5"
@
1
E 1
D
56
!
7
&
D
#
5
"
.
@
&
5
:
E
L=
4
D
5 %
1
5/
B
4
&
&
4
5 5
D
5
1
1
5B
1
L2
&
1
5;
.
&
K
E
.
7
D5 6
K
&
4
5
4
&
LM
L=
.
L2
&
E
'
'
7 E 7
E
D "
% &
'
()*+,(M
65 I
E
E 4
D
J,,
5
5
,
4
@
J,,
5
5 5 &,
, &1
1
*22*
:5
B5 .
D !())2# -* %
/
(M+1(2*5
DJ
J,,
5
,()*+,@ ,)(,
5
5 5 &5
D+ 9
1
1
1
@
&
1
1*00)M-=)#5
($
1
()*+
&!
19
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
7
7
1
56
&
! #
1
4
0)
.
E
0*
D
! 8 #
8
5
*2=)
D
5 %
50( 6
&
5 %
1 .
! 4
0+#
E
D
4
8
5
4
E
D
*22(
0-
&
5
K
&
0)
K
4
5
"
5C
"
@
0*
.
5
J
C:
K
5
5 5 &
J
:
&
K
5
4
8
1
5
8 56
*2=2
@
6
5
J
"5 H & !
0( "5 H &
E6
D
0+ 65
5# % 0
'
B5 .
4
6
J8
50* *L1+M
%
' C
5 ()1(*5
J+
7 E:
.
D
()*+ 021=(5
J
% 0
E"
H &
$5
1
H &
*
5C X
D
5
K
4
@
0-
4 K
/
,
50* *(21*-L
FC
*+L1*+05
()*+5
20
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
4
. "
I
5
4
.
4
!
#
7
4
5
E
D
())2
5
6
0L
00
4
5 "
I
I
E
I
5
D
0M
4
EI
D
4
.
*22)
5 %
.
!
.
#
.
!
#F %
.
0=
.
<
I
%
.
&
7
.
.B
502
.
.
C
.
.
.B
56
B
4
0L
00
5
5()-000(+5
$5 CX & Y E
%
*/
0M
0=
02
5*)
E/
J,,
E
5
5
1*1(20*=*25
5
5
D +
,
,
.
** I
1
,
I
%
.
J
J,,
5
,
D
#
/
3
D +
1
1(1M-ML, &,
1
()*+
1
1
1
H &
5(*-5
** $
()*+
1 &1
1
50* L+10M5
1
1
21
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
B
5M)
"
M*
.
&
.
B
K
5%
5M(
7
.
1
5
B
E
! "
5
%
#
$
E
M+
D
D
%
'
D
6
4
'
E
E
7
D5
@
!
#
5"
1
E
@
D
4
&
7
4
5
7
"
5
<
I
<
M)
I'
*) $
()*+
*0
7
.
5+25
5 5 E"
()*+
J,,
5
5(((0-**+
I
5
M*
D +
M(
5
,
;5 8
D
,
(L
J,,
M+
5
& ?
5
,;
5=5
5 &,
P()8
,
5
,
E%
"
*+,
1
,
5
,
8
()*+
,()*(1
1
F6
.
1
(0
1
D
;
22
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
;
1
0
7
5
1
'
%
%
'
6
B
5
6
&
5M- "
<
!
!
'
@
4
.
8
*0
ML
#5
#6
"
'
M0
6
'
*M
8
$
()*+
+)
*22=
MM
58
7
4
1
4
.
E
N
D !5 5
#
.
5
"
4
4
*M
*0
5M= "
!
#5 "
-
M-
J,,
5
5
*/
5.
ML
/
5
M0 ()*+
1
*+
J,,
3
9
*L :
,B
9
()*(
,
5 &,6
% 0
(
*
5 ! . 86 " 8
#5
5
5
5 &,
,()*+,*+,
4
MM
5#
6
,
1
5
3
$
()*+
5
K
#
:4
I
*7
J<
'
1
E
1'
DJ
<&
"
8
())2 (-*1(L+5
. 86 "
5
%
M=
4
.
K
%
1
(/
D
8
!
#
.K
E
E
<5
,8
.5
!
4
K
*2M2
#5
*/
!
$5
.
"
D
1
5ML#
23
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
4
1
K
4
. !"
#K
5
@
4
4
K
K
5;
M2
4
7
B
5 6
4
1
4
4
E
D
!
#
&
4
4
5
! 5 5<
#
! 5 5
#
4
,
&
5 ;
.
!
# 4
4
!
"
*L
.
<
&
#5
B
4
4
4
5
4
=)
=*
/
1()*+5
3
<
8
8
@
%
4
=(
86 " 8
5(2
(5
E'
J
"
8
!
# ; D *= $
())+
%
"
1
J,,
5
5
,:
6
,N
; ' ,
,*M0M,
,6
N
,
" ,*2L*,<
1B
1'
1
1:
1'
1 18
1 1N 1 1 1
1"
18
1
1; 5
45
=* E
D + 9
(= $
J,,
5
5
,
,()*+,@ ,(=,
1
1
1
1
1
()*+
OE
&
D +) (L
()*+
J,,
5 5 ,
1
,(-)2))1
1&
1
1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1
,5
=( 6
5 *(0(0,*+
(L((,*( (0 $
()*+5
M2
=)
<5 B
5
24
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
6
%
&
$
+
4
#
*
5
'
(
$
;
8
'
$
)
$
2
7
7
4
&
E
K
D
K
5
4
.
5 6
&
.
5
7
4
K
'
K
5
%
7
J
=+
7
•
4
!
!
#
!
#
#O
7
•
!
O
#5
7
7
5 I
5;
7
5
4
,
C
*/
5
7
=+
% + =*& .
2
"
1 7
7
5
5
()*+
% 0
I5 N & :5 N
*
J,,
1
(M
&
C
5 ,
"5 <
J
,
1
25
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
5=6 "
1
C:
:
=L
1
!
#
56
! 5 5
O
#5 C
.
&
#5
!
=5L
@
.D
7
5 '
&
7
!
.
=0
@
6 '
7
'
B
I
=M
#
1
1
5==
7
=2
4
2)
7
@
6 "
&
&
&
5
=-
!
=L
=0
.
+
5<
5
1
5
1
&
% 0
5 ,
8
6 '
'
#5
5 ,
,
5
%
/,<6,0+L+ (( 6
()*+,*0
C:
#
"
5
:
,
/
()*(
J,,
, /)0+L+5
=M
J,,
5
5
5 &,
1 7
5
==
I
'
B
% 0
/
3
C:
:
()*+
5 ,
,
,
?
&? &?
5
5
=2 :
.
%
%
2) :
.
<5 %
*/
(/
3
6
()*+
5
<
5 &,
1
(.
J,,
#
% 0
1
,
1
/
3
50=5
(&
5
5
26
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
4
4
5
4
E
D
&
&
.
&
E
.D
1
5
2*
:
2(
!
4 5
2+
7
I
#
&
4
&
C:
:
2-
4
@
7
7
5
6
&
52L :
1
5
20
! 4
7
.5 "
D
#
& &
,
5
2*
5;
& + >8
()*+
2(
J,,
5
5
/
3
% 0
5
5
J,,
/
+,
5
< C
JC
? Q((=)+(25
'
F
&
5 &,5
"
C $ !()*(# **
25'
*/
% 0
()**
5
1
5
L5
2L
4
20 65
E' &
J:
8 -6
()==)(*+2O $5 CX & Y E
% 0
*
,
1
41 & 1
8
2+
"
+
,
"
**
&
8 -
()*+5
(
5-2
1
*
&
B
8
8 - I
5
J
(- :
*
8 -
1
4 &
()*(
1
1
D !()**# *() '
J,,
5
1
5
5
,
1
27
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
2M
5
2=
6
E
D
7
5
4
7
&
&
;
<
7
&
7
5
22
6
()**
*22*
5"
N&
. &
E
D5*))
%
1
7
7
1
7
5
4
4
7
4
.
1
D
5
1
4
4
& 5
4
;
E;
;
$5 CX & Y +
()*(,*"% &
D
5*)* 6
%
% 0
%
8 6
'
O $5 CX & Y E"
'
J
FD % 0
* *
*( C
()*(
J,,
5
5 ,
,
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
2= 5 $
<% 0
%
$5
% &
'
/ 5 (( <
()*+
J,,
5
5
, +,
5
F
? Q(+(-*)*5
22 C X
50- *+-1*+L5
*)) N5 .
& E
J
6
I
J,,
5
5 ,
,
1
1
D % 0
* *
-I
()*+
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
*)* C5
5$
*/
% 0
(%
#
I ()*+
5
1
5
*+5
2M
28
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
4
5
7
C:
7
:
+)
5*)( "
.
B
;
"
6
/
6
;
/
E
6 *2=* 5-)
())0 5L0
5D
())(
())0
E
D
*2*)
@
4
@
!(*
5*)+
@
#
K
4
5
K
*)-
7
7
1
.5
.
1
5
())0
E
D
4
E
D
.
*)L
5
;
*)(
*
I5 N & :5 N
C
5 ,
&
*/
"5 <
J
1 1
,
% + =*& .
"
J
I5 B
B
E6 N
.
'
D
E
0-0K0L=5
;
8
()*+
()*+1()*L "
@ 5 ,5
5
"
*)+
. *)0
J,,
DJ C
()*(
F
5
C
% 0
J,,
@
J *)5****,@5*-0M12(-=5()*(5))2=)54O I5
D !()*+# ML 6
*)-
5+*5
5
EW
*)L
;
1
*)0
&
5
E/
6
%
W
FC
8 - (+1-)5
I
J
4
! #
*LM1*=L5
;
;
/
D Z()*+[ 6
.D !())0# *-
1
29
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
4
.
5*)M
N &
;
G &
+0
&
@
5*)=
&
5
&
7
5
"
& N &
;
G &
56
!
#5 "
#
!
C
& 6
4
5
4
!
"
.
#
4
5 <
"
&
K
.
K
7
5 "
"
K
&
;
.
G &
N & K
5
;
I
0
7
7
!
#
5
8
.
*)2
"
.
**)
4
*)M
*)=
*
N &
;
"
G &
*)2
8
5M2
5(M*
**)
.
***
.
(+ ,
" 5-)5
5(M*
+,
5 -5
+,
(
/3 "# % + #
5
***
&
$
%
5*)
$
5+
()(1()0
5MM5
5 L5*L5
86 "
30
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
.,
5%
K
.
K
4
4
5
.
"
"
1
.
.
5"
4
5
())= B
.D
.
"
"
. **(
"
5**+ "
B
.
5<
&
$
/3
0
(
&
O
-
4
(
.
.
D!
#5**-
"
K &
&
7
5
B
D
K
"
**L
4
"
.
!
#
.
E
D
4
5
4
&
5B
.
K
.D
/
B
**(
>
J,,
5
1
I5
J,,
**- B
1
5
"
K
6
B
%
1
5 &,())2*))2)0+)-(,
8
J,,
I
5@
5
())=O
5 &,
5
EB
**+
**L
% 0
4
"
5
5MM
5
,
5**( M05
(-21(L)5
N
D + 9
,())=,
*( I
,*(,
())=
5
,
,
31
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
/
"
.
"
**0
B
4
5
"
!
#
! # .D
7
5
"
5;
&
D
1\1
.
4
"
1\1
.5 "
&
!5 5"
6
#
5
7
K
'
&
K
E
D
5
5"
F"
7
K
4
!
#
&
F 6
4
**M
!
.
#
5:
.
,@
@
.
5%
!
F#
4
.,"
"
4
4
5:
5
**0
"
E555
4
/
"
;
Z
;
5**
[
"
B
/
**M
F
6
*22=5
"
5D
32
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
!
! 5 5
6
%
B
D
#5**=
;
4
#
! 5 5
4
#
4
<CU !
@
#
C
]
]
*2225**2
<CU
5*()
&
4
5
"
()*(
"
"
K
4
4
K
5*(* "
4
5
*((
"
;
()*+
'
@
K
K
"
+=P
"
5*(+
K
/
M+P
"
5
K
"
4
.
4
5%
N5 . & E
4
4
J
D
H &
50* **+1*(M5
**2 I5 .
EN
8
'
8
C
D !()*(# (0 * *
MMM1M2*5
*()
58
"5 H &
N5 . & */
% 0
(%
#
%
()*+
5
1
5 5
*(*
86 " 8
5(2
(
K
K "5 <
E
"
N
F 4
"
D !()**# (0
L-L1L0*5
*((
J,,
5
5 ,5 E
"
D + 6
(=
()*+
J,,
5 @
5 ,
1
1
1
1**)+(0)1
()*+,5
*(+
E
"
D
+
(2
()*+
J,,
5
5
,
,
,
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
*5*L-(2*L
'
8
J
J,,
5
5 ,6
C
5
4F
Q L )*-1 +( 1 +**120 L1))L)L0 +( -5
6
J,,
5
5 ,I
5
4^
5
**=
33
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
"
4
5
1
4
5 "
5
%
!
F
F#
K
1
1
K
@
E
F
D
*(-
:
4
F
7
-
.
5
*/
)
:
5
4
5 "
@
4
7
5 "
4
4
&
5"
5 6
5
7
5
&
7
&
I
7
K
K
&
5"
&1
*2=2
&
;
-
&
5;
4
&
4
!
4
*(-
% 0
;
C5 :
2
& JI
E8
#
6
/ 1
&
()*) L(1M+5
K
N
1
8
D
8
B5
!
5#
34
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
*22+ K
7
5
7
4
.
!
#
!
5
#
*(0
&
4
!
.
I
#
5
"
7
.
&
E
5 "
D
4
4
&
I
5
4
7
7
.
.
5
I
I
"
5 5
*(L
/
E
J,,
,6
65 :D/
()**
E6 7
J,,
5
N
,
" ,=L(,C
@
5++
F
5
,()**,**,*-,0=L,
D *M C
()*(
5
,:
1
1
1
*)M
D *%
6
1
,N
1
@
;
1
.B
!
;
*(0
"
'
C5
1
,
,*M0M,
5
45
:D/
;
D
5++ L*#
5
"
I
;
E
!
5++#
$
56
4
$
I
5D
*)L
5 *M*
*(L
35
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
5
56
-!+#
1
J
'
I
&
5
6
-!+#
K
6
*)
K
$
#
#
4
*(M
$
5"
&
7
K
K
I
5 "
6
B
B
6
&
6
B
'
5
5
:
I
#
J
:
I
5
<
*(=
6
*)
8
I
@
1
1*+L,)= #
4
'
I
! # *
0
*(+
*(=1*+L
65 U
G &
G
*(2 6
5 +)
:
*(M
*(=
"
I
Z()*)[
J B585
B
I
D *
8 "1*--25
E
13 - 8 _
B
E
&
5
5
*(2
*22=
D
I5
5 **L
; ` &
#
*22L / 5 *,( L-
'
0(10+5
36
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
"
4
&
.
7
5
4
0
1
2
4
5 I
4
5 ;
.
45 %
K
5 ;
5
1 .
.
.
1
5
.!
#5
;
&
4
56
&
.
.
.
.
&
&
.
5"
.D
.
7
O
7
.
5"
.
1
E
D
4
.
5
B
&
E;
!5 5
D
,
E
D#
/
5"
5
"
&
K
4
K
&
37
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
8
&
&
& 5"
1
&5
4
E
D
5
1
&
E
D
5*+)
&
F
:
!
"
C
. !
#
E
.
.
D
#
/
"
!
&#
1
.
!
.
.5 6
"
#
.
&
.
5"
!
#
4
%
&
>
&
5"
4
4
4
1
5
!
.
4
#5
4
1
,
5
I
!
#
&
&
:
E
*+)
D
%& -
0
(:
()*+
J,,
5
5
E
5 &,
,
1(-+LM-)M5
5
D
38
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
&
5
0
&
E
D5 ;
&
5 5
.5 :
&
&
4
I
I '
5"
! 5 5
#
5
&
5
0
&
&
1
5
6
7
5
B
E
D5
D
&
@
@
K
K
K
K
5 "
>
4
E
D
B
F;
F
I
5/
E
D
E
D
K
&
1
D
1
K
5
5"
5
"
&
4
5 6
.
.5 "
K
&
1
&
5
.
.
K
39
CITSEE WORKING PAPER SERIES 2013/34
.
5 "
5 "
&
&
5"
K
.
K
5
%
7
&
4
"
5
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz