Communication Skills
A
3nd Edition, 2015
Joan M. Mas 2007
Robert Walker
Chris Sullivan
John Pulaski
Martin Willis
Dennis Schneider
Sarah Willis Tiina
Matikainen
Mitsuko Imai
Maho Naito
Tokyo Woman’s Christian University
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Communication Skills
A
3rd Edition, 2015
Joan M. Mas 2007
Robert Walker
Chris Sullivan
John Pulaski
Martin Willis
Dennis Schneider
Sarah Willis
Tiina Matikainen
Mitsuko Imai
Maho Naito
Tokyo Woman’s Christian University
Orientation
In this unit, you will learn:
• How to do some of the activities you will find in the textbook
Vocabulary
• Relationships between
some common English
words
Listening
• What naturally spoken English sounds like and how to understand it
A-1
Mystery Words
Orientation
STEP 1 When native English speakers hear the word “white”, most people think of a word like “black”,
“snow” or “paper”. Listen to the word your teacher says. What is the first word that you think of when you
hear this word?
STEP 2 Now your teacher will say six more stimulus words. Write down a response word for each one.
STEP 3 Work in groups. Make a list of all the response words your group thought of for each stimulus
word.
STIMULUS
RESPONSES
STEP 4 Your teacher will give you one of the stimulus words to focus on. Now go round to the other
groups and find out what their responses were. When you finish, go back to your group, count the number
of times each response was given and write your “data” on the blackboard.
STIMULUS
RESPONSES
Word associations contain a lot of information about words. They can help you learn more about word
meanings, collocations and lots of other things, including cultural information about speakers of a
particular language.
A-2
The Mystery Words activity is based on word association data collected from British and American
university students.The responses have been turned into Word Clouds.1 Your task is to guess the stimulus
from the responses. The bigger the words in the Word Cloud, the more frequently they were given. Work
with the other members of your group to guess what the stimulus words were.
A
B
C
1. All Word Clouds in this book were produced by http://www.wordle.net/
A-3
D
E
F
A-4
Web of Words
In this activity, you will classify the relationships between stimulus words and their associates.
Word Relationships
Words are related to each other in many different ways. In this activity you will think about the relationships between the keyword in the box and the words in the arrow (see below). You should use a
dictionary to help you do this activity.
Similar Meaning and Opposite
These are simply the words with similar or opposite meanings. For example, car and automobile have
similar meanings, and large and small are opposites.
Word formation
There are three basic types of word formation: word building, compounds and idioms.
• In word building, affixes are added to words to make new words, for example, dis + like make the word
dislike and govern + ment make the word government.
• Compounds are formed from two or more words, for example, post and card make postcard, and living
and room make living room. Notice compounds are sometimes written as one word and sometimes as
two or more.
• Idioms are like compounds, but their meanings cannot be easily guessed from the words in them. One
very common type of idiom is phrasal verbs, for example, get up, take after and look through. Other
examples of idioms are by the way and be under the weather (meaning feel ill).
All the words in the word formation category are headwords in ordinary dictionaries.
Collocation
Collocations are words that are often used together, but do not make new words, for example, pretty girl,
fast car, learn about ..., and send a letter. You will NOT find them as headwords in an ordinary dictionary.
Similar Meaning
Opposite
blue
Collocation
Word Formation
A-5
berry
dark
depressed
eyes
jeans
moon
pale
sad
sea
sky
Similar Meaning
adore
affair
enjoy
fall
hate
life
lovely
puppy
story
zero
Opposite
love
Word Formation
Collocation
Similar Meaning
Opposite
easy
Collocation
Word Formation
awkward
dead
difficult
ease
easily
fairly
hard
relatively
simple
very
Similar Meaning
blue
clear
cloudless
cloudy
starry
diving
skyscraper
pie
diving
heavens
Opposite
sky
Word Formation
A-6
Collocation
Sentence Transcription
There are two sections of this activity. You should do both of them.
On the audio, you will hear sentences read by four people. Write down what they say. You should listen
as many times as you need.
Reduced forms
1. ____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Useful Sentences
1. ____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
A-7
Concordance Clozes
A concordance is a list of sentences with a keyword in the middle (see the concordance of read below).
They are used a lot in dictionary-making because they help dictionary writers to see clearly how words are
actually used.
Read
the dictionary definition carefully.
Had he
read
her thoughts?
He seemed to
read
my mind, and said quickly, ‘Yes, you're right.’
I
read
too many fairy-tales when I was young.
It’s not just a book you
read,
it’s a book you learn from.
Question is: will you
read
the book first or see the film.
The students were expected to
read
a novel and a work of criticism.
A concordance cloze is a concordance with the keyword removed. You should use the information in the
concordance sentences to guess what the keyword in each group is.
It is ________ to see why.
The words are ________, so why do we have such trouble saying them?
Take it ________ on the beach!
The controls are so ________ to operate, you don't have to be an Einstein to
use it.
George was a friendly person who was ________ to get on with.
If everyone lifts it together, it suddenly becomes a
very ________ task.
It wasn’t difficult to find and it was light and ________ to fire, a woman’s gun.
There is no ________ solution.
He fell madly in ________ with me.
Tell me, Mark, did you ever ________ me?
It was a short ________ affair which didn’t work out.
She was glad to see such a ________ story come true before her eyes.
By best interests, I mean her studies, not her ________ life.
You’re ________ly when you smile.
Hurter was a sociable man, who ________d music and played the clarinet and piano.
‘I’d ________ a nice cup of tea,’ Mum says suddenly.
Joan Main went missing from her ________ at Old Town in Swindon.
As soon as they got ________, Anne started getting Abigail to bed.
Make yourself at ________!
Although we both live at ________, we actually don’t see much of each other.
Then he went ________ for dinner.
Now, I’m enjoying having my own ________ and own bedroom.
I almost felt at ________, secure.
As time went on, they began to visit each other’s ________s.
A-8
Meeting for the
First Time
1
In this unit, you will learn:
Vocabulary
• Enrich your knowledge of frequently used vocabulary.
Listening
• What naturally spoken English sounds like and how to
understand it
Speaking
•
•
•
•
Ways of getting another person’s attention
Ways of introducing yourself informally
Useful questions for first meetings
Ways of saying things more naturally
Photo by
A-9
+fatman+
Mystery Words
Look at the words in the word clouds and guess the Mystery Words.
A - 10
A - 11
Web of Words
Similar Meaning
act
drama
games
part
perform
playful
role
school
with
work
Opposite
play
Word Formation
Collocation
Similar Meaning
Opposite
job
Collocation
Word Formation
day
find
lose
offer
part-time
permanent
profession
quit
task
temporary
Similar Meaning
army
club
company
connect
hip
in
joint
queue
separate
up
Opposite
join
Word Formation
A - 12
Collocation
Similar Meaning
ace
association
fan
golf
hit
house
join
member
night
society
Opposite
club
Collocation
Word Formation
Similar Meaning
about
acquire
from
how
master
memorize
pick up
quickly
skill
unlearn
Opposite
learn
Word Formation
Collocation
Similar Meaning
Opposite
live
Collocation
Word Formation
A - 13
alive
births
die
in
in person
music
performance
recorded
reside
with
Sentence Transcription
There are three sections of this activity. You should do all of them.
On the audio, you will hear sentences read by four people. Write down what they say. You should listen
as many times as you need.
Reduced form 1
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Reduced form 2
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
A - 14
Useful Sentences
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
9. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
10.___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
A - 15
Conversation Dictogloss
Your teacher will read you a short conversation. After you have listened to it, write the conversation.
Notes
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
A - 16
Saying It Better A
Test your partner. Does your partner know how to say things in better English? Take turns to test each
other and then help each other learn these better ways of saying things. You go first.
1. The expression “I’m a student of TWCU.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I’m a student with TWCU.
I’m a student by TWCU.
I’m a student at TWCU.
2. The question “What's your club?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
Which is your club?
What club do you belong to?
Which is your belong to club?
3. The question “What's your hobby?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
What are your hobbies?
What’s your best hobby?
What’s your most hobby?
4. The expression “I came from Nagoya.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I was from Nagoya.
I came here from Nagoya.
I come from Nagoya.
5. The expression “When I was a student of high school.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
When I was in my high school days.
When I was at high school.
When I was at my high school days.
Look up and Speak A
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Erm. Excuse me?
Is anybody sitting here?
Oh, okay, thanks. This is the room for the orientation, right?
Oh, great, so we must be in the right place then.
Ah, erm, linguistics. How about you?
Oh, that sounds interesting.
Oh, yeah, I know what you mean. Me too!
Yeah, you’re right. By the way, I’m Michelle. I’ll talk to you later, okay?
A - 17
Saying It Better B
Test your partner. Does your partner know how to say things in better English? Take turns to test each
other and then help each other learn these better ways of saying things. Let your partner go first.
1. The expression “I belong to the tennis circle.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I belong to the tennis group.
I belong to the tennis square.
I belong to the tennis club.
2. The expression “I'm going to enter the tennis club.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I'm going to join the tennis club.
I'm going to become the tennis club.
I'm going to go in the tennis club.
3. The question “Where are you come from?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
Where are you from?
Where you are from?
Where you came from?
4. The expression “My country is Nagoya.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
My city is Nagoya.
My place is Nagoya.
My hometown is Nagoya.
5. The expression “I dropped last year’s entrance exam.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I fell down last year’s entrance exam.
I failed last year’s entrance exam.
I threw away last year’s entrance exam.
Look up and Speak B
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Yeah.
No, I don’t think so. Go ahead and take a seat.
Yeah, I think so. That’s what I’m here for.
I hope so. Er, so, what are you going to study?
Me? Oh, my major’s going to be psychology.
Thanks, I’m excited but nervous about starting university.
Oh, the teacher is coming. It looks like we’re about to start.
Yeah, nice to meet you, I’m Katie. Okay, talk to you later.
A - 18
Concordance Clozes
After work in several London hotels and gambling ________s in the early 80’s he bought a pub.
He fractured his skull when he was hit by a golf ________ at school.
He turned to me and asked. “Now which athletic ________ are you going to join?”
If you would like to join the ________ and receive its newsletter, please send in the
application form.
Jane was also treasurer, and a member of our ________.
Sadly, that was not even the last of the ________s to deny me membership.
That card was the ace of ________s, and Mr Roebuck won a fortune.
Viv Richards and I used to open the batting for the ________’s cricket team.
As you see, Jill is an energetic and ________ful infant.
He could ________ any musical instrument that existed.
It can be described in the same way as other
fictional forms, such as an opera, a ________, a film, or even a mime.
Laurence Fishburne starred in the role of Othello in
the 1995 film of Shakespeare’s ________.
Learning ________s a minor role in communicating and apparently is
not itself affected by it.
Remember the old saying: All work and no ________ makes Jack a dull boy.
Robots can sing and ________ games, but they can’t love.
So you don’t actually mention that if you don’t
leave now you’ll miss the first act of the ________, and he’ll be furious.
But for British Rail it is another useful ________ for the late running of their services.
Derek paused long enough to telephone Carol with
a flimsy ________ for his absence.
Don’t make ________s, you weren’t concentrating.
I think I could be ________d for my mistake.
Mr. Eisen sent her out, then said, “ ________ me, I didn’t hear you?”
Please ________ me for interrupting, but I couldn’t help
overhearing your conversation.
Sure. But that’s often the ________ rather than the reason.
You will have to ________ my ignorance, but what is it?
A - 19
‘I’ll be in my ________,’ he told her, and moments later she heard the
phone click, and his low voice and laughter.
‘Well, my dear Tess,’ said Angel with some
enthusiasm, ‘I shall be only too glad to help you ________ history, for example…’
Fifty years of ________ have failed to produce one personality trait or set
of qualities that can be used to distinguish
between leaders and non-leaders.
Knowing how to use your head is not a subject you
can ________ for a written exam.
Now people say, ‘the more you ________, the poorer you are.’
The ________ involves observational fieldwork in different
types of police stations.
They carried out a ________ of the rare Hector’s dolphin off New Zealand.
To be more productive, you need to ________ and learn from others.
________ how to say ‘no’!
And for those of you who want to ________ about Picasso, try the library or go to a museum.
But I soon ________t how to bake little cakes made of corn, which I
ate with warm milk.
Emily and I want to go to Belgium, to ________ French.
I ________ed how to survive on just £1 a day.
People should ________ to like their bodies and live with their faults.
She had ________ed from experience that it was unwise to argue.
Well I did ________ to drive but I couldn’t pass the test.
‘We are not ________ed at the hip,’ Cabochon said, and smiled bitterly.
Clarice Connor, of Mexborough, South Yorks, has ________ed a keep-fit club — at the age of 98.
It usually costs £5 to ________.
Marie and Gazzer ________ed the back of the queue.
Members of the club ________ed in a wide range of activities and ate a healthy
lunch at the Southlands Centre, Middlesbrough.
Now I was a man of property, the ________t owner of a large house in North Oxford.
They had ________ed up together in 1939 and, when Simon was
killed at the Battle of Alamein, Bert died with
him in spirit.
Your body aches, your limbs ache, your ________ts ache, you have a headache, and when the
muscles contract, you begin to shake.
A - 20
Sentence Writing
Write sentences using the given words.
1. (join + club) __________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. (join + in) ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. (play) _______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. (study) ______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. (excuse + me + for) ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. (make + excuse) ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7. (no + excuse) ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8. (learn + about) ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
9. (learn + to) ___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
10.(learn + how) _________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
A - 21
Conversation from sentences
In pairs or groups, write a conversation between two people meeting for the first time using some of the
sentences from the Sentence Writing homework.
Notes
A - 22
Dialogue Wordlist
This is a list of all the word families used in the dialogue that you will transcribe. Look through the list and
look up any words you do not know in your English-English dictionary.
a1
about
ah
ahead
all
and
around
at
be
but
by
campus
close
come
cool
could
economy
erm
find
Finland
first
fly
from
32 33
2 2
1 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
0 28
2 2
2 2
1 1
1 2
0 1
2 2
0 1
0 1
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
0 2
4 4
fun
1 1
go
1 4
good
1 1
great
2 2
guess
1 1
hah
1 1
here
6 6
hour
1 3
how
3 3
huge
2 2
I
17 17
if
1 1
it
8 8
just
2 2
know
4 4
less
0 1
like
2 2
long
1 1
many
1 1
mm
2 2
much
1 1
nervous
1 1
New Zealand 1 1
nice
no
not
now
oh
okay
over
place
problem
psychology
really
right
room
same
Sarah
school
sit
so
some
sound
start
study
talk
3 3
1 1
1 2
1 1
10 10
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
5 5
0 1
0 1
1 2
2 3
0 2
teach
thank
the
think
this
three
Tiina
time
tire
to
too
use
walk
way
we
well
what
where
whoa
wow
yeah
yes
you
0 1
1 3
5 5
0 1
1 5
1 1
1 1
1 1
0 1
5 5
1 1
0 1
0 1
3 3
1 1
1 1
2 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
12 12
2 2
10 10
1. A word family is group of closely related words. For example, the word family a consists of two words a and an,
and the word family be consists of the words be, am, are, aren[’t], been, ’m, is, isn[’t], ’re, ’s, was, wasn[’t],
were, weren[’t], being and beings.
2. The first column of numbers shows how many times the headword is used. The headword is the word shown on
the left. For example, the headword a is used a total of three times. The headword be is not used at all.
3. The second column of numbers shows how many times a word family is used. For example, a and an are used a
a total of 3 times (which means an is never used) and the words in the word family be are used 28 times.
A - 23
Transcription
Two students are attending an orientation at a university in London. They begin a conversation. Listen and
transcribe the conversation.
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
Sarah:
Tiina:
__… __ __ ___ _____ __ _ ___ ____?
__, __ _______, __ _____.
__, ______. … __, ___ ___ ___?
__, ____, _____ ___. ___ ___ ___?
_’_ ____, ______. __, ______ _______ _____ ________ ______.
___, ____ ____. ____, _ ______’_ ____ ____ ____, _ ___ _______
______ ___ ____ ___ _____.
_ ____, __’_ _ ____ ______. [Sarah: I know.] __’_ ___ _____ ____ _’_
____.
____, _ ____, ____ ____. __’_ ____ ___ __’_ ____. [Tiina: Yeah.]
__ ___ ___, _____ ___ ___ ____?
_’_ ____ ___ _______.
Whoa, ___ ____ _ ____ ___.
_ ____ __ ___ ____ _ 27-____ ______. [Tiina: Wow.] __ ___ ____ ______
___ …
____.
____ __ _____ _’_ ____ ___.
_____.
____. _____ ___ ___ ____?
_’_ ____ _______, __ ______.
____, ____ ___ _____.
____.
___ ____ _____’ ______ __ ____?
__’_ _____ _____ _____.
__, ____’_ ____.
____, __ __ __ ____ ___ ___ _____ __ _____?
__, ___ _’_ _____ __ _____ ___ _________.
__, ____ ______ _____.
___, _________ ______ _ _______. [Tiina: Yeah] ___ ____ ___ ___,
____.
____.
____ ___ ___ ________?
__________.
__, ____’_ ____.
__ __, ___ _______ __ ____.
__.
____, _ _____ __’__ _____ __ _____.
____ ____ _______ __ ___.
____ _______ __ ___ ___. _’_ _____ __ ___ ___.
__, _’_ _____.
____.
A - 24
Act it out
You will be given a scenario by your teacher. In pairs or groups you should write a script and prepare to
act it out. You will find it very useful to look at the Useful Phrases and Sentences and Saying It Better
sections.
Notes
A - 25
Reference
Useful words and phrases (expressions)
Getting Attention
Erm.
Erm, excuse me . . .
Erm, excuse me, but . . .
Erm, sorry, but . . .
Greeting
Hi.
Hello.
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Where are you from?
Where do you come from?
I’m from Sendai.
I come from Sendai.
Getting acquainted
Hi, my name’s ….
Hi, I’m ….
(Reply) Oh, hi, I’m ….
Further chatting while getting acquainted
What are you going to study?
Do you live at home?
Where are you living?
Are you planning to join any clubs?
What clubs are you planning to join?
What kind of music do you like?
A - 26
Why did you decide to come to this
university?
2
Classroom
Language
In this unit, you will learn:
Vocabulary
• Enrich your knowledge of frequently used vocabulary.
Listening
• What naturally spoken English sounds like and how to understand it
Speaking
• How to get the
teacher’s attention
• How to ask questions about language
• How to make common classroom requests
• How to make excuses and give reasons
A - 27
Mystery Words
Look at the words in the word clouds and guess the Mystery Words.
A - 28
A - 29
Web of Words
Similar Meaning
cast
charm
correctly
how
magic
period
trouble
under
words
wrongly
Opposite
spell
Word Formation
Collocation
Similar Meaning
Opposite
sorry
Collocation
Word Formation
about
awfully
feel
for
I’m
pathetic
regretful
so
terribly
to
Similar Meaning
duration
kill
life
long
off
over
period
spare
spend
waste
Opposite
time
Word Formation
A - 30
Collocation
Similar Meaning
away
buck
fail
make
on
out
overtake
time
train
word
Opposite
pass
Collocation
Word Formation
Similar Meaning
explanation
for
forgive
herself
make
me
no
please
reason
reasonable
Opposite
excuse
Word Formation
Collocation
Similar Meaning
Opposite
miss
Collocation
Word Formation
A - 31
bus
hit
long for
near
notice
omit
out
overlook
point
train
Sentence Transcription
There are three sections of this activity. You should do all of them.
On the audio, you will hear sentences read by four people. Write down what they say. You should listen
as many times as you need.
Reduced form 1
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Reduced form 2
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
A - 32
Useful Sentences
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
9. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
10.___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
A - 33
Conversation Dictogloss
Your teacher will read you a short conversation. After you have listened to it, write the conversation.
Notes
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
A - 34
Saying It Better A
Test your partner. Does your partner know how to say things in better English? Take turns to test each
other and then help each other learn these better ways of saying things. You go first.
1. The question “What's this word's pronounce?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
What pronounce this word?
How do you pronounce this word?
How's this word's pronounce?
2. The question “What is spell 'collocation'?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
What's 'collocation's' spell?
How's 'collocation's' spell?
How do you spell 'collocation'?
3. The expression “Excuse me, Smith…” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
Excuse me, Mr. Smith…
Hey Smith…
Please excuse me, Smith…
4. The expression “I was cold last week” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I was feeling cold last week.
I had a cold last week.
I had a sick last week.
5. The question “When's homework finish?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
When's the homework due?
When's the homework finish time?
What time is the homework finish?
Look Up and Speak A
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Okay, that’s it for today. Any questions? Yes.
Well, you should finish reading pages 22-25 in the textbook and finish answering the questions in the
hand-out from last week’s class.
22 to 25. Okay, any other questions?
Sure, here it is. Anything else?
Of course in English.
Sure. Does anybody else have any questions?... No, okay, then I’ll see you next week. Have a nice
weekend.
Bye.
A - 35
Saying It Better B
Test your partner. Does your partner know how to say things in better English? Take turns to test each
other and then help each other learn these better ways of saying things. Let your partner go first.
1. The question “What is 'collocation's' mean?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
How's 'collocation's' mean?
What means 'collocation'?
What does 'collocation' mean?
2. The question “Can I have a print, please?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
Can I have a handout, please?
Can you give me a print, please?
Can you print me, please
3. The expression “I'm sorry for late.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I'm sorry for my late.
I'm sorry for being late.
I'm sorry because of my late.
4. The question “What's homework?” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
How is our homework for this week?
What kind is our homework for this week?
What's the homework for this week?
5. The expression “I'm sorry, no homework!” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
Oh no! No homework!
I’m sorry, I didn't do my homework.
I'm sorry. Nothing homework.
Look Up and Speak B
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Student:
Teacher:
Erm… What’s the homework again?
Erm… Sorry, what were the page numbers again?
Er, yes, I was absent last week. Could you give me the hand-out from last week, please?
Should I write down the answers in Japanese or English?
Oh, okay, I understand. Thank you.
You too. Bye bye.
A - 36
Concordance Clozes
‘He’s helping me with my ________,’ said Camille.
But you’ve seen me doing my ________, haven’t you?
I mean, I’ve got some French ________ that was due in today.
I see you’ve done your ________.
I’m afraid they didn’t do their ________.
Let’s see your ________.
She did her ________ thoroughly, reading profusely.
Well I won’t have enough time by Friday I’ve got ________ to do every day.
________s are an inevitable source of stress.
All students had passed their ________s and were now working on projects.
David had awful ________ results at school despite his obvious intelligence.
He failed a university entrance ________.
He matched the record of six A-level passes at
grade A — AND got top marks in the Cambridge
entrance ________s.
I had the tutor for a year right until I took my ________s.
She says that Helen had to take 99 ________s to qualify as an astronaut.
The medical ________ is to find out if you are fit to fly.
________ at night was the best time to leave.
But we couldn’t help our train being ________.
I tried, but it was too ________ for sleep.
It was better ________ than never for the 12 lucky winners of a tennis
holiday at the Sport Hotel in Eilat, Israel.
It was too little too ________.
It’s getting ________.
Sorry, sorry to be ________.
Workers under 35 years are the worst oversleepers,
but overall women are more likely to be ________ than men, the survey found.
A - 37
After the death and resurrection of Jesus, the stories
about his life were ________ed on by word of mouth for some thirty years
before the first Gospel was written.
Cycling-groups ________ed by on their way to the country.
GRAN Dot Ransom has ________ed her driving test at the first attempt — at the
age of 70.
I don’t know whether I put my bus ________ in my pocket.
It ________es the time.
She must have ________ed out, but she had drunk so little.
There was frozen snow on the mountain ________ at the border with Germany.
They ________ed away within days of each other.
All you need to do then is ________ check it and print it out.
Bryant and Bradley conclude that a child’s
awareness of the sounds in words ‘has a powerful
influence on their eventual success in learning to
read and ________.’
Do I have to ________ out to you how important this is to me?
How do you ________ stray?
It is just that I am trying to find ways of helping him
through the first bad ________ of his career.
The afternoon will have some good sunny ________s, although a few showers are also possible.
The dyslexic singer says: ‘I can’t ________.’
The wizard would probably put a ________ on him, turning him into a frog.
‘I’m very ________ about your sister,’ he said awkwardly.
Everybody in Avonlea was ________ to hear that Matthew was dead.
I am ________ to say that some of them are dead now, and
others are seriously ill.
I’m ________ not to be with you today.
I’m ________ but we can’t do it.
Oh I’m so ________!
She was kissing him only because she felt ________ for him, not because she liked him.
We were ________ to see her go.
A - 38
Sentence Writing
Write sentences using the given words.
1. (fall + asleep) ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. (sleep + over) ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. (do + homework) ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. (have + exams) _______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. (sorry + about) ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. (sorry + for) __________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7. (how + spell) _________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8. (spelling + mistake) ___________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
9. (pass + driving test) ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
10.(miss + train) _________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
A - 39
Conversation from sentences
In pairs or groups, write a conversation between a student and a teacher using some of the sentences from
the Sentence Writing homework.
Notes
A - 40
Dialogue Wordlist
This is a list of all the word families used in the dialogue that you will transcribe. Look through the list and
look up any words you do not know in your English-English dictionary.
a1
able
actual
again
and
any
be
between
brown
but
collocation
come
could
dictionary
difference
dog
eat
er
example
explain
62 73
1 1
0 1
1 1
4 4
1 1
4 11
1 1
2 2
2 2
2 3
1 1
1 1
1 1
2 2
3 3
1 1
4 4
2 2
1 1
find
for
form
get
hand
have
house
I
idiom
if
in
it
just
let
like
lot
lunch
main
make
may
2
2
0
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
mean
much
new
newspaper
next
okay
on
or
other
professor
question
right
Schneider
see
should
so
some
test
thank
the
0
1
2
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
0
4
1
1
1
2
0
1
1
6
1
1
2
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
6
they
this
to
together
two
up
very
we
week
welcome
well
where
will
wonder
word
would
yeah
yes
you
1
0
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
7
3
1
2
5
1. A word family is group of closely related words. For example, the word family a consists of two words a and an,
and the word family collocation consists of the words collocation, collocations, collocate, collocates, collocating and collocated.
2. The first column of numbers shows how many times the headword is used. The headword is the word shown on
the left. For example, the headword a is used a total of 6 times. The headword actual is not used at all.
3. The second column of numbers shows how many times a word family is used. For example, a and an are used a
a total of 7 times (which means an is used only once) and the words in the word family word are used 9 times.
A - 41
2
3
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
3
1
2
5
Transcription
A professor is coming to the end of his class. Listen and transcribe the conversation.
Professor: ____, __ ____ ____ __’__ ____ ___ ____. ___ _________?
Chris:
__, ____, _________ Schneider, __ ___ ____ _________ __ ___
_____ _______ __ __ _____ ___ __________ _______ collocations
___ ____ _________?
Professor: ____, _________ ____’__ ____ _______, ___ ___ ____ __________
__ ___________ _____ ____ ___ _____ . . . ___ ___ ____ ____
________ _ ___, ___ _______, “_ ___ _ _____ ___.” “_____ ___.” ...
__ ___ _____ ____, ____ _________ __ _____ ___ ___ _____ ____
________ ___ ____ __ _____ __ ________ _ ___ ____, ___ ___
______ __ ____ __ ____ ____ ___ ____ __ ___ __________, ___
_______, “___ _____.”
Chris:
____, __, __, ___’_ ___, _ ____ ____ “_________” _____ __ _ __
____ _________?
Professor: ____’_ _____.
Chris:
____.
Professor: ___.
Chris:
___ “___ __” _____ __ ____ _________?
Professor: ___.
Chris:
____. ___ __ “___ _____” _____ __ _ ___________?
Professor: _____, _____, _____.
Chris:
____, _ ___ __. ____. _____ ___ ____ ____.
Professor: ___’__ _______.
Chris:
____.
A - 42
Act it out
You will be given a scenario by your teacher. In pairs or groups you should write a script and prepare to
act it out. You will find it very useful to look at the Useful Phrases and Sentences and Saying It Better
sections.
Notes
A - 43
Reference
Useful words and phrases
Getting the teacher’s
attention
Excuse me, ...
Mr. Smith
Ms. Williams
Doctor Johnson
NOTE
Never call a teacher by family name alone. This is very rude. You
should use title and family name. If your teacher asks you to, you
may use their first name without a title.
Explaining lateness or absence
I’m sorry I’m late.
The bus was late.
There was an accident on the Chuo
Line.
I had a bad cold last week.
I left my homework in my locker.
May I go and get it?
I have a headache. May I be
excused?
I don’t feel well. May I go to the
nurse’s office?
Requests to the teacher
May I have a handout, please?
Could you explain that again,
please?
Could you explain the homework
again, please?
May I go to the toilet/restroom,
please?
Requests and instructions from the teacher
Please pass your homework to the
front.
Take one and pass them on.
Turn off your mobile phones.
Get in groups of three.
Parting
See you next week.
See you next Tuesday.
Have a good weekend. (usually at
the end of Friday classes)
A - 44
Write it on the (black)board.
One person from each group go to
the board.
Holiday Plans
3
In this unit, you will learn:
Vocabulary
• Enrich your knowledge of frequently used vocabulary.
Listening
• What naturally spoken English sounds like and how to understand it
Speaking
•
•
•
•
Greetings and replies to greetings
Ways to talk about future plans
Ways to end conversations
What to say when you leave people at the end of a conversation
• Ways of saying things more naturally
A - 45
Mystery Words
Look at the words in the word clouds and guess the Mystery Words.
A - 46
A - 47
Web of Words
Similar Meaning
early
holidays
last
late
months
next
term
this
vacation
winter
Opposite
summer
Word Formation
Collocation
Similar Meaning
Opposite
holiday
Collocation
Word Formation
abroad
bank
Christmas
go on
on
skiing
summer
take
time off
vacation
Similar Meaning
day
ego
go on
hallucinate
over
return
round
school
shopping
take
Opposite
trip
Word Formation
A - 48
Collocation
Similar Meaning
burn
glasses
hot
light
rise
rising
shine
shining
sunny
tanned
Opposite
sun
Collocation
Word Formation
Similar Meaning
blood
cash
currency
earn
lend
make
paper
save
spend
spending
Opposite
money
Word Formation
Collocation
Similar Meaning
Opposite
hot
Collocation
Word Formation
A - 49
blooded
chocolate
cold
dog
headed
hotly
popular
red
spicy
springs
Sentence Transcription
There are three sections of this activity. You should do all of them.
On the audio, you will hear sentences read by four people. Write down what they say. You should listen
as many times as you need.
Reduced form 1
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Reduced form 2
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
A - 50
Useful Sentences
1. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
9. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
10.___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
A - 51
Conversation Dictogloss
Your teacher will read you a short conversation. After you have listened to it, write the conversation.
Notes
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
A - 52
Saying It Better A
Test your partner. Does your partner know how to say things in better English? Take turns to test each
other and then help each other learn these better ways of saying things. You go first.
1. The expression “I'm going to play with my friends.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I'm going to play out with my friends.
I'm going to hang out by my friends.
I'm going to hang out with my friends.
2. The expression “I want to get dark skin at the beach.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I want to get a tan at the beach.
I want to get tan skin at the beach.
I want to get a dark skin at the beach.
3. The expression “I'm going to go to shopping with friends.” is unnatural. Which should you say
instead?
I'm going to go to shop with friends.
I'm going to shopping with friends.
I'm going to go shopping with friends.
4. The expression “I will part-time job tomorrow.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I'm working tomorrow.
I'm doing my job tomorrow.
I will do my part-time job tomorrow.
5. The expression “I have a club activity this afternoon.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
This afternoon I have a club activity.
I have a club meeting this afternoon.
My club’s activity is this afternoon.
Look Up and Speak A
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen.
Hi. How are you?
I know, it’s been a long time. How have you been?
Yeah, me too. I can’t wait. You got any plans?
Oh, that sounds like fun. Where do you want to go?
Yeah, I’m going to Canada for a study abroad program.
Yes, it is expensive but I managed to save up most of it myself during the year.
Oh, me too. I’ve got tennis club practice. It was great to see you again. If I don’t see you
again before school ends, have a great summer.
Bye, take care.
A - 53
Saying It Better B
Test your partner. Does your partner know how to say things in better English? Take turns to test each
other and then help each other learn these better ways of saying things. Let your partner go first.
1. The expression “I'm going to go to the sea.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I'm going to go to the beach.
I'm going to go by the beach.
I'm going to go by the sea.
2. The expression “I want to have relax time in the park.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I want relax time in the park.
I want to relax in the park.
I want to be relaxing in the park.
3. The expression “I have a baito.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I am a baito.
I am a part.
I have a part-time job.
4. The expression “I have a plan tomorrow morning.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I'm doing something tomorrow morning.
I'm planning tomorrow morning.
I have a something tomorrow morning.
5. The expression “I'm going out with my lover tonight.” is unnatural. Which should you say instead?
I’m going out with my romance partner tonight.
I’m going out with the person I am lovers with tonight.
I’m going out with my boyfriend tonight.
Look Up and Speak B
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Karen
Vicki:
Oh, hi Vicki.
Not bad. Gosh, I haven’t seen you all semester.
Oh, all right, the usual, studying and working. Getting excited about the summer vacation.
Mmmm, nothing special but I might go on a trip somewhere with some friends.
Well, we haven’t decided, but somewhere in Asia. Are you going anywhere this summer?
Wow, that’s great. I really wanted to take part in one of the programs, but it was just too
much money.
Good for you. ... Oh, look at the time. I have class in 5 minutes. I’ve got to run.
Thanks, you too. Have a great time in Canada. See you!
A - 54
Concordance Clozes
Although British ________s are likely to become hotter and drier as a result
of the greenhouse effect, scientists don’t foresee
major changes taking place for about 40 years.
During the ________ months weddings are the most popular function.
For those who love to do nothing but just soak up
the ________ sun, HCI's beaches and attractive pools are ideal
for relaxing and working on that tan.
It is warm all year round, with warm ________s, mild winters and moderate rainfall.
It was in the ________ of 1987 that Kylie’s pop career was launched.
She was wearing a short, ________y dress and no stockings.
So Ken set off this ________ to walk from St. Bees Head in Cumbria to Robin
Hood's Bay.
The ________ holidays had begun and she had plenty of time to
spend in the shop, helping Mr Evans.
Also staying there was her cousin Hugh, a boy of
thirteen whose parents were travelling ________.
Amanda Tay needed a combination of hard work
and determination to face the challenge of studying ________.
For those holidays ________, we will sell you foreign currency, and buy back
what you don’t spend, FREE of our usual
charges.
He always stayed at a high-class hotel on trips ________.
Paul Traynor is a freelance journalist with 25 years’
experience of walking and backpacking at home
and ________.
When were you last ________?
Will it be easier to work ________?
You see, all these foreigners come from ________ with germs we’re not used to.
A ________ is part of the skin’s defence against sun damage.
He was wearing a black leather jacket, a grey shirt
with white stripes, green trousers and light ________ shoes.
If your skin ________s easily — use a Sun Protection Factor greater
than 6.
It is far safer to ________ slowly than to burn first.
Major certainly changed his life as he came back
with a lot more than just a sun ________.
My, you look well, have you been on holiday,
you’ve got a ________.
So why not give your legs a golden glow with a
little fake ________?
We had to hire a dress, and I was the only one who
was pale; they had all got ________s on a sunbed.
A - 55
The little boy spent hours on the ________ with Grégoire, just swimming and talking and
playing.
I am on a ________, clean white sand, soft under my bare feet.
I think it’s time for my walk along the ________ before bedtime.
On the ________ at Clacton the sunbathers wear blankets.
One long sandy ________ surrounds a huge calm bay with crystal clear
green water near the shore changing to blue as
the sky deepens.
She wandered along a crowded ________, taking photographs of the sands, waterskiers and
windsurfers, the tree-lined promenade and the
backdrop of mountains beyond.
Sitting crossed legged, place the ________ ball between your elbows at shoulder level and
squeeze 20 times.
We danced, we drank, we lay on the ________ telling stories.
________s should be fun.
Brian rarely took ________s, but most years Jean went off to such exotic
spots as the Maldive Islands, the Seychelles or
St Lucia.
For a ________ abroad you will need a valid passport.
If mum’s thoughts are turning to summer ________s and bathing suits, she might appreciate The
Cellulite Diet which has tips on tackling any
extra pounds.
It must be wonderful to go on ________ to a sunny country instead of staying in Britain.
Right now he's away on a skiing ________ catching the last of the snow.
She was on ________.
You start forgetting where you went on ________ last summer.
Never leave toys on stairs where someone could ________ and fall.
I keep thinking you might take some LSD and have
a bad ________ and get scrambled-egg brains and never be the
same again.
And from Orcino beach you can take a day ________ south to see the fantastic Rock Spires.
Perhaps she was only going to warn her yet again
not to ________ over the electric cables.
I was going on the school ________ to the Norfolk Broads and needed some spending
money.
Rushing around at the last minute trying to obtain
foreign currency and travellers cheques is not the
best preparation for a business ________ abroad.
Mr Miller makes weekly shopping ________s to Middlesbrough and Redcar from his home in
Carlin How in isolated east Cleveland.
He ________s up quite a bit when he’s walking along.
A - 56
Sentence Writing
Write sentences using the given words. (e.g. blue, moon)
1. (tan) ________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. (dead + easy) ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. (on + beach) _________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. (go + abroad) ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. (holiday + abroad) _____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. (go on + trip + to) ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7. (trip + over) __________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8. (this + summer) _______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
9. (temporary + job) ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
10.(find + job) ___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
A - 57
Conversation from sentences
In pairs or groups, write a conversation between two people talking about their holiday plans using some
of the sentences from the Sentence Writing homework.
Notes
A - 58
Dialogue Wordlist
This is a list of all the word families used in the dialogue that you will transcribe. Look through the list and
look up any words you do not know in your English-English dictionary.
a1
about
and
any
bad
be
beach
because
before
begin
bit
boat
bye
can
check
close
cool
do
during
er
erm
especial
Estonia
ever
exam
far
few
62 63
1 1
7 7
1 4
1 1
0 14
1 1
1 1
1 1
0 1
3 3
1 1
0 4
2 2
1 1
1 1
0 1
1 1
1 1
3 3
4 4
0 1
3 3
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
Finland
first
food
for
friend
get
go
good
Greece
have
here
holiday
home
hopef
how
I
if
in
interest
it
kind
last
late
like
Mediterranean
mm
money
2 2
1 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
0 2
3 6
2 2
2 2
4 8
1 1
2 2
1 1
0 1
1 1
10 13
1 1
1 1
0 2
6 6
1 1
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
never
nice
no
north
not
now
of
off
oh
okay
old
on
out
over
plan
push
really
rest
save
say
see
september
she
should
so
sound
spend
2
1
1
1
2
1
5
3
5
4
1
1
1
1
0
1
4
1
1
0
2
1
1
1
2
0
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
5
3
5
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
summer
sun
take
the
then
there
they
thing
think
this
time
to
too
town
uh huh
want
weather
week
well
what
why
work
would
yeah
year
yep
you
3 3
0 1
1 1
11 11
1 1
3 3
1 1
0 1
0 1
1 3
1 1
6 6
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
0 1
3 3
1 1
1 1
1 1
0 1
9 9
1 1
2 2
9 10
1. A word family is group of closely related words. For example, the word family a consists of two words a and an,
and the word family friend consists of the words friend, friends, friendly, friendlier, friendliest, friendliness,
friendship, unfriendly, unfriendlier, unfriendliest and unfriendliness.
2. The first column of numbers shows how many times the headword is used. The headword is the word shown on
the left. For example, the headword a is used a total of 6 times. The headword actual is not used at all.
3. The second column of numbers shows how many times a word family is used. For example, a and an are used a
a total of 6 times (which means an is not used) and the words in the word family be are used 14 times.
A - 59
Transcription
Two friends have a chat just after they finish their last exam. Listen and transcribe the conversation.
Martin:
JP:
Martin:
JP:
Martin:
JP:
Martin:
JP:
Martin:
JP:
Martin:
JP:
Martin:
JP:
Martin:
JP:
Martin:
JP:
Martin:
JP:
____. ____, ____’_ __! ___ ____ ____, ___ _______ ______ ____!
____, ____ ___. ___ ___ _____ ___ ____ ______?
___, _’_ _____ __ __ ____ ___ _ ___ _____, ____ [JP: Uh huh.] _
___, ____ _ ___ __ _____, ___ ____ ___ _________ __ ___ ___
_____ ___ ____ __ ___ ______ _______ ______ __ ___ _______ __
Greece.
__, ______ ___________. ____ ___ ____ ____ [Martin: Yeah.] __
______ ______?
__, __’_ ___ _____ ____. [JP: Oh.] _’__ _____ ____ __ ___
Mediterranean. ____, ___ _____ ___? ___ ___ ___ ________?
____, _’_ _____ __ Estonia.
_______! [JP: Yeah.] ___ ___ _____!
____.
____. ___ _______?
____, ___ _ ____ ______ _______, __________ ______ ___
______. ___ _ ______ __ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____, ___ ___ ____
__ ___ ______ ____, __ _ _______ _’_ __ ___ _____ __ ___.
__, ____ ____ __ ______ ___ ___ __ _____?
__, ____, ___ ___ ____ __ ______ ___________, ___ ___ ____ ____
____ ____ ___, __ ____ ______ ____, ___ ___ __ ____ ___ ____
____ __ _______ _______ __’_ ______ _____.
__, ____, _’__ ____ _____.
__, ___ ____?
____, ____’_ ___ ___.
__, _’__ _____ [Martin: Yeah.] _’__ ___ ____ __ _______.
____, ______, ___, _ ______ ____ ___ ___. __’_ _______ _ ___
____. __, __ ______, ____ _ ____ _______.
____, ___ ___. ___ ___ __ _________.
___, ___ ___. ___ ___.
___ ___.
A - 60
Act it out
You will be given a scenario by your teacher. In pairs or groups you should write a script and prepare to
act it out. You will find it very useful to look at the Useful Phrases and Sentences and Saying It Better
sections.
Notes
A - 61
Reference
Useful words and phrases
Greeting
Hi.
Hello.
Greeting replies
Hi.
Oh, hi.
Hello.
Oh, hello.
Asking about the other person
How are you?
How are you doing?
How have you been? (You use this if
you haven’t seen the other person
for a long time.)
Replying
Fine.
Pretty good.
Not bad.
How about you?
And yourself?
Repeating the question
And you?
Questions about summer plans
Are you doing anything this
summer?
What are you doing this summer?
Do you have any plans for the
summer holidays?
Are you going anywhere this
summer?
I’ve got a part-time job.
I plan to go to Hong Kong with a
couple of friends.
Oh, what’s the time? + reason
Er, well, I should probably move
along and let you study for your test.
Replies
I’m going back to my hometown.
Ending the conversation
Oh, is that the time? + reason
Oh, look at the time! + reason
Reasons for ending the conversation
I’ve got a class at three o’clock.
I’ve got to go.
I’ve got to run.
I’ve got something I have to do.
A - 62
I’ve got to be at work at three.
It’s getting late.
Parting
Nice to talk to you.
Nice talking to you.
Promise to meet again
See you in September.
Give me a ring when you get back.
Call me next term.
Let’s get together in September.
Goodbye
OK, goodbye.
OK, bye.
Goodbye.
Bye.
A - 63
A - 64