Cycles
Environmental Science
NSC 22304
Ecosystem
• All living and non-living
components in a particular area
Biotic
•Plants
•Animals
•Microbes
Abiotic
e.g. Pond
e.g. Wetland
•Soil
•Water
•Air
•Detritus
Food Web
Spotted salamander
car
mosquitofish
Black rat snake
gnatcatcher
kingfishe
Poison
Raccoo
Haw
River
Beave
Great Blue Heron
detritu
blackbir
Dogwood
Silver Maple
Dragonfl
Pickeral Frog
White Oak
Virginia Creeper
Trumpet Creeper
Gray Tree Frog
Wood
Smartweed
Sycamor
Mosquito
woodpecker
Nettl
Touch-me-not
Trophic Pyramid
3o Consumer
(Top Carnivore)
Decomposers
2o Consumers
(Carnivores)
1o Consumers
(Herbivores)
Producers
Transfer
Energy
100 lb
Grass
Energy
10 lb
Cow
1 lb
Coyote
Feces
Feces
•
Molecules
2 or more atoms or ions bonded together
H2O = Water
N
O
H
NH3
H
O2
Oxygen Gas
O O
H H
Ammonia
H
H
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
O
C
H
C
H
Methane
H
N2
Nitrogen Gas
N
O
C6H12O6
glucose
CH4
N
Chemical Reactions
•
Molecules are rearranged to form new molecules
“Reactants”
H2O
Start
C6H12O6 + O2
CO2 + H2O
N2 + H2
light
O2 + H2
“Products”
Finish
CO2 + H2O
Respiration
C6H12O6 + O2
NH3
Photosynthesis
Nitrogen Fixation
Activity 5
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Sand County Almanac
Aldo Leopold
1949
Essay: Odyssey about
Grassland Ecosystem
Producers
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Bur Oak (flower, acorn)
blue-stem
pink phlox
side oats grama
spiderwort
sporobolus
leguminous herbs (clover, vetch, beans,
leadplant, Baptisia)
• blue-green bacteria/algae
• cottonwood
9
Consumers
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Deer
Indian
Plover and geese
Deer Mouse
Fox
Buffalo
Rabbit
Owl
• Gopher
• Eagle
• Beaver
• Crayfish
• Coon
Decomposers
• Mold
• Fungi
• Bacteria
Abiotic
• limestone rock
• soil/ground
• cut bluestem leaf
• eagle feather
• buffalo chip
• fire
• wind
• beaver carcass
11
What happened to X?
Nutrient Cycling
Rock
Food
Web
Abiotic
Nutrient
•any substance needed by organism
•water, C, O, N, P
Sea
Nutrient Cycle
Abiotic
air
water
soil
rock
Producer
death
Detritus
absorb
enzymes
Decomposer
Consumer
death, feces
Nitrogen Cycle
Biomass
(Protein, DNA)
Abiotic
N2
NH3
NO3Nitrogen
fixation by
blue-green
algae
Producer
die, defecate
Detritus
absorb
enzymes
Decomposer
Biomass
Biomass
Consumer
Global
Warming
CO2
Abiotic
CO2
CaCO3
Carbon Cycle
Respiration
Glucose CO2
Photosynthesis
CO2 glucose
Producer
Biomass
Respiration
C6H12O6 CO2
Consumer
Biomass
die, defecate
Detritus
burn
Fossil Fuels
absorb
enzymes
Decomposer
Biomass Respiration
C6H12O6 CO2
Energy Flow (1-Way)
Heat
Heat
Respiration
Glucose ---> energy
Sunlight
Producer
Photosynthesis
Light E-->glucose
Detritus
Decomposer
Respiration
Consumer
Heat
Respiration