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!
!
AATON
%
!
ligar.!O!cinema!como!experiência!
gregária,!a!conversa!gregária!sobre!
filmes!como!parte,!ou!prolongamento!
natural,!da!primeira.!Mas!se!o!desafio!é!a!
experiência!de!grupo,!cada!encontro!
será,!programaticamente,!o!que!for!o!
próprio!grupo,!não!sendo!definível,!ou!
previsível,!sem!a!(auto)!descoberta!dele.
Abertura!é!também,!em!cinema,!a!
gradação!de!tamanho!da!pupila!do!olho,!
adaptada!à!maior!ou!menor!escuridão!
da!sala,!e!a!gradação!do!diafragma!da!
câmara,!escolhendo!entre!mais!luz!e!
maior!profundidade!de!campo.!Num!
sentido!múltiplo,!o!Doc’s!Kingdom!é!
ainda!esse!exercício!constante!da!luz!e!
da!distância,!plano!a!plano,!filme!a!filme,!
convidando!a!um!ajustamento!contínuo!
entre!registos!e!universos,!numa!viagem!
sugerida!não!apenas!a!partir!da!suas!
rimas!internas!como!também!das!suas!
soluções!de!continuidade,!as!suas!
clivagens,!num!jogo!incessante!de!
surpresa!e!reconfiguração.
%
!
!
Luisa!Homem,!Pedro!Pinho,!2013!
!
!
ABERTURA%Em!2000!abrimos!um!
ciclo,!em!2013!contamos!estar!a!abrir!
outro.!Vai!começar!um!novo!Doc’s!
Kingdom,!no!duplo!sentido!do!encontro!
e!do!ciclo!de!encontros,!e!o!que!acima!de!
tudo!esperamos!dele!é!que!seja,!sempre,!
uma!experiência!em!aberto.!Sabem!
aqueles!que!nos!procuraram!que!estão!
desafiados!para!a!experiência!do!cinema!
e!para!a!experiência!da!conversa!–!duas!
coisas!que!tanto!andaram!juntas!e!que,!
neste!tempo!de!diluição!do!próprio!
campo!tradicional!do!cinema,!tantas!
vezes!parecem!desligadas!e!difíceis!de!!
0
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!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
José!Manuel!Costa,!2013!
!
!
!
1
!
L'ABOMINABLE%Atelier!collectif!de!
cinéastes!à!Paris.!L'objectif!du!
laboratoire!est!de!promouvoir,!dans!un!
cadre!associatif,!la!fabrication!artisanale!
de!films,!en!mettant!du!matériel!de!
montage!et!de!développement!à!la!
disposition!de!réalisateurs!qui!peuvent!
également!y!recevoir!une!formation.!
Pour!Nicolas!Rey,!le!cinéma!
expérimental!n'est!pas!seulement!une!
posture!esthétique:!il!représente!un!
véritable!engagement.!Réalisés!au!sein!
de!cette!structure,!ses!films!se!
caractérisent!par!une!distanciation!qui!
rappelle!celle!de!Guy!Debord!:!usage!de!
sa!propre!voix!en!voix!off,!recours!aux!
bandes!amorces!et!proposition!d'une!
forme!stylistique,!celle!du!filmaessai.!Ils!
se!caractérisent!également!par!une!
attention!à!l'infrastructure!au!sens!
marxiste!du!terme,!en!particulier!au!
moyen!de!production!représenté!par!
l'électricité.
%
!
Clotilde!Simond,!“!Cinéavoyage!dans!le!temps!”,!
Théorème,!2011!
!
!
AÇORES%Andavam!os!novos!então,!e!
agora!antigos!descobridores,!ora!pouco!
pela!terra,!porque!muito!não!podiam,!
por!lho!impedir!o!espesso!mato,!ora!
muito!mais!pelo!mar,!no!barco!de!seu!
navio,!correndo!parte!da!costa,!vendo!
das!águas!salgadas!as!doces!ribeiras,!
que,!por!antre!o!arvoredo,!pelas!rochas!
caiam,!examinando!e!atentando!todas!as!
particularidades!que!podiam!e!os!
lugares!sós!e!saudosos!da!erma!e!
solitária!ilha,!acompanhados!de!uns!
altos!montes!e!baixos!vales,!povoados!de!
arvoredo,!com!cuja!verdura!vestida!
estava!toda!a!terra,!dando!grandes!
esperanças!de!ser!mui!fértil!e!proveitosa!
a!seus!moradores,!que!nela!viessem!a!
fazer!suas!colónias.!E!dizem!
comummente!os!antigos!que,!vendo!
muitos!açores!e!bons,!dos!quais!levavam!
daqui!para!o!Reino!alguns!no!princípio,!
como!tinham!visto!na!ilha!de!Santa!
Maria,!lhe!puseram!nomes!ilhas!dos!
Açores,!o!que!bem!podia!ser;!mas!o!que!
outros!têm!por!mais!verdade!é!que,!por!
aqui!não!haver!senão!poucos!como!
adventícios,!vinham!a!esta!ilha!doutras!
terras!não!sabidas,!vendo!no!mar!muitos!
2
!
milhafres!que!havia,!que!com!eles!se!
pareciam!e!por!tais!os!julgavam,!como!
agora!há!e!assim!parecerem,!lhe!
puseram!este!nome!de!ilhas!doa!Açores,!
o!qual!também!se!apegou!às!outras!ilhas!
de!baixo,!que!depois!se!descobriram,!
onde!não!faltam!estas!aves!de!rapina;!ou!
também!por!então!nelas!se!acharem!
açores,!ainda!que!depois!e!agora!os!não!
houve,!nem!há!em!nenhuma!delas,!senão!
alguns!que!com!temporias!e!tormentas!
acertam!de!vir!desgarrados!de!outras!
partes.
!
!
Gaspar!Frutuoso,!Saudades.da.Terra,!séc!XVI!
!
!
ACTING!When!I!was!a!student!at!
CalArts,!I!directed!quite!a!bit!of!theater,!
and!I!was!intrigued!about!the!
“doubleness”!of!acting!–!actors’!studied!
nonaattention!to!their!audience.!This!
interest!carries!over!for!me!into!
Manakamana!–!I’m!watching!the!
subjects’!awareness!of!their!world,!and!
how!it!shifts!to!acknowledge!the!passing!
landscape,!other!passengers,!and!private!
thoughts,!before!occasionally,!obliquely!
returning!to!the!camera,!which!is!so!
clearly!staring!at!them,!yet!is!never!
explicitly!addressed.!These!switches!
between!different!sorts!of!focus!are!
crucial!because!they!create!the!pace!of!
the!individual!shots,!which!in!turn!
creates!the!rhythm!of!the!entire!film.!To!
make!edits!in!the!shots!would!have!
imposed!another!sort!of!rhythm!on!top!
of!the!material,!obscuring!these!internal!
cadences.!Our!pace!of!editing!was!
glacial.!The!final!film!has!only!eleven!
shots!but!it!took!us!eighteen!months!of!
editing!to!arrive!at!it,!which!works!out!
to!our!deciding!on!one!shot!every!forty!
days!or!so.
!
!
Pacho!Velez,!interviewed!by!Lucien!Castainga
Taylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,!2013!
!
!
ADOLESCENCE!
Emmeline:!You're!such!a!silly!dodo,!
Richard.!We're!never!getting!off!this!
island.
Richard:!Thanks!to!you!
Emmeline:!This!is!where!we!live.!This!is!
our!home,!now!and!forever.
!
!
!
Richard:!No!!I!could!never!live!here!
forever!with!just!you!!I!don't!even!
like!you!!
!
!
The.Blue.Lagoon,!1980,!dir.!Randal!Kleiser!
%
!
AILLEURS%Ainsi,!cahinacaha,!le!film!
traverse!la!Russie!en!diagonale,!la!
Russie!géographique!et!pourraisaje!dire,!
la!Russie!en!moi.!A!quoi!servirait!un!
voyage!s'il!n'y!avait!l'espoir!de!revenir!
différent?!Le!projet!peut!sembler!
romantique,!voire!touristique,!et!
j’espère!que!cette!écueil!est!tenu!à!
distance!par!la!structure!formelle!du!
film.!Néanmoins,!les!ressorts!
historiques,!politiques,!personnels,!etc.!
du!voyage!sont!peu!à!peu!dévoilés.!
Notre!époque!manque!d’”!ailleurs!”!et!il!
est!bon!de!se!souvenir!qu’il!fut!un!temps!
où!les!hommes!ont!prétendu!construire!
une!société!sur!des!bases!radicalement!
différentes!de!l’existant.!
%
!
Nicolas!Rey,!La!véritable!histoire!du!voyageur!
solitaire!et!les!raisons!qui!l’ont!poussé!à!
entretendre!son!voyage!(en!guise!de!note!
d’intention),!2001!
!
!
!
!
Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Luis!de!Camões,!Os.Lusíadas,!1572!
!
!
AMPLIDÃO!As!ilhas!são!o!efêmero!e!o!
contingente.!Só!o!mar!é!eterno!e!
necessário…!A!verdade!é!que!ninguém!
mais!do!que!o!ilhéu,!a!não!ser!talvez!o!
homem!da!planície,!possui!o!instinto!da!
amplidão.!É!com!os!próprios!olhos!que!
tiramos!do!mar!a!terra!que!nos!faltou.
Vitorino!Nemésio,!Corsário.das.Ilhas,!1956!
!
!
ANALOGIE!Ce!qui!serait!vraiment!
surprenant,!c’est!que!le!son!ne!pût!pas!
suggérer!la!couleur,!que!les!couleurs!ne!
pussent!pas!donner!l’idée!d’une!mélodie!
et!que!le!son!et!la!couleur!fussent!
impropres!à!traduire!des!idées;!les!
choses!s’étant!toujours!exprimées!par!
une!analogie!réciproque,!depuis!le!jour!
où!Dieu!a!proféré!le!monde!comme!une!
complexe!et!indivisible!totalité.
!
!
Charles!Baudelaire,!“!Richard!Wagner!et!
Tannhauser!à!Paris!”,!1861!
!
!
ANGEL%1%A!Klee!painting!named!
%
Cortando!vão!as!naus!a!larga!via!
Do!mar!ingente!pera!a!pátria!amada,!
Desejando!proverase!de!água!fria!
Pera!a!grande!viagem!prolongada,!
Quando,!juntas,!com!súbita!alegria,!
Houveram!vista!da!Ilha!namorada,!
Rompendo!pelo!céu!a!mãe!fermosa!
De!Menónio,!suave!e!deleitosa.
!
!
!
!
particulièrement!piégé!et!défaitiste,!le!
slogan!de!la!“!différence!”!–!bien!que!
politiquement!irréprochable!
(littéralement!et!dans!tous!le!sens)!–!est!
formaliste!est!vide!de!spécifications!
sociales!et!historiques!concrètes!–!
quand!il!n’a!pas!la!faiblesse!de!se!prêter!
aux!célébrations!d’usage!du!pluralisme!
multiculturel!dans!le!capitalisme!tardif!
(autrement!dit!et!en!bref,!ce!concept!a!
toute!l’ambiguïté!d’une!valeur!
essentiellement!libérale!plutôt!que!
radicale).
!
!
!
!
ALTERITE!est!un!concept!
AMORES,%ILHA%DOS
De!longe!a!Ilha!viram,!fresca!e!bela,!
Que!Vénus!pelas!ondas!lha!levava!
(Bem!como!o!vento!leva!branca!vela)!
Pera!onde!a!forte!armada!se!enxergava;!
Que,!por!que!não!passassem,!sem!que!
nela!
Tomassem!porto,!como!desejava,!
Pera!onde!as!naus!navegam!a!movia!
A!Acidália,!que!tudo,!enfim,!podia.!
%
Mas!firme!a!fez!e!imóbil,!como!viu!
Que!era!dos!Nautas!vista!e!demandada,!
Qual!ficou!Delos,!tanto!que!pariu!
Latona!Febo!e!a!Deusa!à!caça!usada.!
Pera!lá!logo!a!proa!o!mar!abriu,!
Onde!a!costa!fazia!ũa!enseada!
Curva!e!quieta,!cuja!branca!areia!
Pintou!de!ruivas!conchas!Citereia.
‘Angelus!Novus’!shows!an!angel!looking!
as!though!he!is!about!to!move!away!
from!something!he!is!fixedly!
contemplating.!His!eyes!are!staring,!his!
mouth!is!open,!his!wings!are!spread.!
This!is!how!one!pictures!the!angel!of!
history.!His!face!is!turned!toward!the!
past.!Where!we!perceive!a!chain!of!
events,!he!sees!one!single!catastrophe!
which!keeps!piling!wreckage!and!hurls!
3
!
it!in!front!of!his!feet.!The!angel!would!
like!to!stay,!awaken!the!dead,!and!make!
whole!what!has!been!smashed.!But!a!
storm!is!blowing!in!from!Paradise;!it!has!
got!caught!in!his!wings!with!such!a!
violence!that!the!angel!can!no!longer!
close!them.!The!storm!irresistibly!
propels!him!into!the!future!to!which!his!
back!is!turned,!while!the!pile!of!debris!
before!him!grows!skyward.!This!storm!
is!what!we!call!progress.
!
%
Walter!Benjamin,!Theses.on.the.Philosophy.of.
History,!1940!
!
!
ANGEL%2!Behind!him!swims!the!past,!
shaking!thunder!from!wing!and!
shoulder,!with!a!noise!like!buried!
drums,!while!before!him!the!future!jams!
up,!his!eyes!pressed!in,!the!eyeballs!
explode!like!a!star,!the!word!wound!up!
into!a!vibrating!mouthagag,!strangling!
him!with!his!breath.!For!a!long!time!one!
still!sees!his!wings!beating,!hears!in!the!
roaring!the!hail!of!stones!fall!down!
before!over!behind!him,!the!louder!the!
more!violent!the!movement!in!vain,!
scattered,!when!they!become!slower.!
Then!the!moment!closes!over!him:!on!
the!quickly!rubbleafilled!standing!place!
the!luckless!angel!comes!to!rest,!waiting!
for!History!in!the!petrification!of!flight!
breath!glance.
Till!the!renewed!roaring!of!mighty!winga
beats!reproduces!itself!in!waves!through!
the!stone!and!indicates!his!flight
!
!
!
Heiner!Müller,!“The!luckless!angel”,!1958!
!
!
parrots!as!interpreters,!storks!as!
physicians!and!the!unicorn!(a!lonely!
beast!forgotten!by!Noah!during!the!
Flood)!holds!the!function!of!chief!
toxicologist!in!charge!of!finding!
antidotes!to!all!sorts!of!poisons.!
Two!main!religions!are!found!on!the!
island:!sunaworship,!in!which!most!
animals!believe,!and!moonaworship,!a!
sect!of!growing!importance,!fostered!by!
the!elephants.!
Visitors!can!admire!the!phoenix’s!palace,!
where!magnificent!spectacles!take!place,!
including!the!“Colour!Display”!by!the!
birds!of!paradise.!
After!stamping!out!a!revolt!led!by!the!
snakes!and!the!basilisks!(probably!from!
Basilisc!Country),!the!Animal!Republic!is!
now!again!at!peace.
!
!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Jean!
Jacobe!de!Fremont!d’Ablancourt,!Supplement.de.
l’Histoire.Veritable.de.Lucien,!Paris,!1654!
!
!
ANTHROPOLOGY%Anthropologists!
are!scriveners!of!culture.!They!have!
traditionally!taken!up!the!task!of!
conveying!human!experience!through!
ethnographic!research,!the!process!of!
collecting!information!on!human!
societies!and!cultures!and!writing!about!
them!in!detailed,!descriptive!language.!
Yet!words!are!often!unable!to!paint!a!
complete!picture.!Sensory!ethnography!
aims!to!communicate!aspects!of!human!
experience!that!language!alone!often!
fails!to!conjure!through!the!use!of!audioa
visual!media.
Predominantly!conducted!through!film,!
photography,!sound!or!any!combination!
of!these!mediums,!sensory!ethnography!
fuses!art!and!scholarship.!
Anthropologists!look!to!sensory!
ethnography!as!a!pedagogical!tool!that!
works!through!showing!rather!than!
telling.
Sensory!ethnography!attempts!to!
rekindle!the!senses:!sight!with!sound,!
sound!with!touch,!and!so!forth,!to!evoke!
how!experiences!are!perceived.!Film!in!
particular!is!a!medium!that!allows!for!
this!cohesion!of!the!senses.!It!opens!up!
the!possibility!for!the!viewer!to!
experience!the!reality!of!what!is!shown!
on!screen.!As!the!viewer!encounters!the!
%
ANIMAL%REPUBLIC,!on!a!vast!island!
of!unknown!location,!inhabited!by!many!
different!species!of!beasts!and!birds!
who!have!rid!themselves!of!the!tyranny!
of!man.!
Visitors!will!find!that!the!island!presents!
many!characteristics!described!by!
classic!poets:!the!lambs!associate!with!
the!wolves,!the!falcons!fly!wing!in!wing!
with!the!pigeons,!the!swans!have!social!
intercourse!with!the!serpents!and!the!
fish!swim!in!the!company!of!the!beavers!
and!the!otters.!
The!republic!is!governed!by!the!phoenix,!
a!singular!bird!whose!ambassadors!are!
monkeys.!Tigers!and!lions!serve!as!
soldiers,!geese!and!dogs!as!sentinels,!
4
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!
!
!
!
!
!
moving!subjects,!they!simultaneously!
see,!hear,!and!interpret.!By!privileging!
bodily!experiences!and!embodied!
knowledge!through!film,!sensory!
ethnographies!can!evoke!the!powerful!
feelings!of!being!present!in!a!moment.
Additionally,!unlike!textual!
ethnographies,!which!communicate!the!
anthropologist’s!interpretation!of!a!
cultural!event,!film!allows!viewers!more!
freedom!to!unearth!multiple!meanings!
and!interpret!the!content!for!
themselves.
!
!
!
Megan!Galeucia!&!Ariel!Appel,!The.intelligence.of.
the.senses,!2011!
!
!
APPAUVRIR!Non,!non,!pas!acquérir.!
Voyager!pour!t’appauvrir.!Voilà!ce!don’t!
tu!as!besoin.
!
!
Henry!Michaux,!Poteaux.d’angle,!1981!
!
!
APPLES%Thinking!about!how!to!
combine!the!plot!of!the!play!A.Bosque!
with!the!real!events!in!the!film,!I!read!a!
reflection!on!the!nature!of!image!in!
Vertov's!diaries!that!was!quite!
important!for!the!process!in!Arraianos:!
“If!you!shoot!a!real!apple!and!a!fake!one!
in!a!way!that!you!can!not!differentiate!
them,!this!doesn't!mean!you!know!how!
to!shoot.!It!actually!means!the!opposite.!
We!should!shoot!the!real!apple!in!a!way!
that!it!is!not!possible!to!make!any!
imitation.”!Instead!of!working!in!the!
boundary!of!genres!with!a!single!hybrid!
language,!I!decided!to!explore!two!
apparently!antagonistic!languages!that!
have!no!other!alternative!but!to!coexist!
and!to!create!a!dialogue!between!them,!
as!man!and!animals!or!reality!and!
dream!do.!
In!this!sense,!the!film!uses!a!
geographical!identity!(the!Arraianos,!
inhabitants!of!GalicianaPortuguese!
border)!just!as!a!cover!story!to!make!a!
frontier!film!in!the!sense!of!the!duality!
of!reality!and!imagination:!what!is!
printed!in!our!memory!is!a!mixture!of!
reality!and!a!mythical!construction!of!
this!reality.
%
!
!
!
Eloy!Enciso,!Director’s!note!on!Arraianos,!2012!
!
!
AQUI!Finalmente!decidi!que!o!que!seria!
muito!bom!seria!a!manhã!após!a!
celebração!da!festa!da!unificação!no!
Reichstag.!Ia!ser!um!mar!de!latas!de!
cerveja!e!de!garrafas,!de!bocados!de!
papel,!de!preservativos!usados,!ia!ser!
bestial.!Cheguei!lá!às!3!e!meia!da!manhã.!
Conheço!muito!bem!aquele!bairro.!
Comecei!a!filmar!e!foi!exactamente!como!
imaginara.!Só!havia!latas!de!cerveja,!
garrafas!de!cerveja,!camiões!do!lixo!a!
limpar!tudo.!Dez!minutos!depois!de!
filmar,!pensei:!“Já!não!consigo!fazer!mais!
disto.”!Não!consigo!ter!esta!câmara!ao!
ombro,!correr!com!ela,!a!imprecisão!da!
imagem!e!esta…!patranha.!Não!me!
interessa!o!tempo!real!em!si.!Depois!
começou!a!ser!sério.!Como!de!costume,!a!
coisa!mais!importante!com!que!começar!
não!é!“Em!que!é!que!estás!a!pensar?”!ou!
“Em!que!é!que!pensas!que!devias!estar!a!
pensar?”!mas!“O!que!é!que!estás!a!viver!
aqui?!O!que!é!que!realmente!se!passa!
aqui?”.!O!que!se!passava!ali!era!essa!
ironia:!a!unificação!era!uma!nota!de!
rodapé,!para!outra!história.!A!outra!
história!estava!nos!anos!30!e!40!–!a!
guerra!e!os!Nazis!e!tudo!o!que!nos!
representava!a!todos.!Para!além!de!tudo!
o!mais,!eu!próprio!tinha!uma!forte!
ligação!familiar!com!tudo!isso.!O!que!eu!
estava!a!fazer!em!Berlim!era!visitar!os!
monumentos!dos!anos!30,!tudo!o!que!
pudesse!encontrar!dos!anos!30.!Estava!a!
gastar!tempo!nesta!terra!de!ninguém!
que,!diante!dos!meus!olhos,!
rapidamente!perdia!importância!como!
testamento!de!um!número!infinito!de!
coisas.!Eu!era!provavelmente!uma!das!
poucas!pessoas,!com!o!Heiner!Müller,!
que!não!se!mostrava!tão!entusiasta!com!
a!queda!do!Muro!–!certamente!não!por!
adorar!o!socialismo!lesteaalemão!mas!
em!nome!da!manutenção!da!
diversidade.!Há!sempre!mais!espaço!
para!a!independência!e!para!o!
pensamento!entre!dois!adversários!–!no!
espaço!entre!os!dois!–!do!que!quando!há!
uma!homogeneidade!de!opinião.!Por!
isso!quando!acabei!na!casa!de!banho,!
com!um!click.track!feito!de!imagens!de!
planosasequência!que!não!tinham!
funcionado…!sentiame!óptimo.!
!
!
!
!
!
5
!
Robert!Kramer!em!conversa!com!Bernard!
Eisenschitz,!“Pontos!de!partida”,!Robert.Kramer.
(Cinemateca!Portuguesa),!1997!
!
!
ARCHIPEL%DE%LA%RESISTANCE%Le!
Lituanien!Sharunas!Bartas!et!l'Ukrainien!
Sergueï!Loznitsa!(tous!deux!nés!en!
1964)!font!leurs!débuts!au!cinéma!dans!
les!années!90.!Or!leurs!films!présentent!
indéniablement!un!air!de!famille!avec!
ceux!de!leurs!aînés,!le!Hongrois!Béla!
Tarr!et!le!Russe!Alexandre!Sokurov!(nés!
respectivement!en!1955!et!1951).!Cela!
ne!surprendra!que!ceux!qui!croient!
encore!que!l'histoire!des!formes!et!celle!
des!événements!historiques!vont!d'un!
même!pas,!ou!ceux!qui!pensent!en!
termes!de!cinématographie!“!nationale!“.!
L'étonnante!proximité!de!ces!univers!
défie!le!partage!géopolitique!des!
territoires,!comme!la!chronologie!des!
faits!historiques!où!la!fin!des!régimes!
socialistes!constitue!un!tournant.!Ces!
œuvres!récusent!aussi!la!partition!des!
genres!cinématographiques.!Ne!relevant!
à!proprement!parler!ni!du!documentaire!
ni!de!la!fiction,!elles!ont!en!commun!
d'élaborer!une!vision!du!monde!et!un!“!
imaginaire!du!réel!“!qui!manifestent!une!
pensée!aux!prises!avec!les!questions,!
voire!les!apories,!de!l'époque!
contemporaine.![…]!L'“!air!de!famille!“!
n'est!donc!pas!celui!d'une!génération,!
mais!l'effet!d'un!regard!marqué!par!une!
essentielle!“mélancolie!de!la!résistance!
“.!Cette!résistance!se!manifeste!d'abord!
dans!leur!commun!refus!de!ce!que!Peter!
Watkins!nomme!la!“!mono!forme!“:!
l'hégémonie!de!la!signification!
qu'imposent!l'action,!dans!le!cinéma!de!
fiction,!et!le!commentaire!dans!le!
documentaire.!Disjoindre!les!
enchaînements!sur!lesquels!se!fonde!la!
logique!narrative!et!discursive,!prendre!
le!temps!nécessaire!pour!percevoir!les!
variations!lumineuses!et!sonores,!les!
déplacements!même!infimes!des!corps,!
l'expression!fugitive!des!visages:!c'est!à!
l'échelle!de!la!durée!du!plan,!où!le!temps!
s'offre!comme!perception,!que!se!
manifeste!l'éthique!du!regard!partagée!
par!les!quatre!cinéastes.!La!mélancolie!
elle,!est!celle!du!monde!dont!leurs!films!
nous!font!faire!l'expérience!sensorielle!
en!nous!donnant!à!éprouver!les!deux!
6
!
!
!
!
infinis!du!temps:!la!fugacité!de!l'instant!
toujours!déjà!passé!et!l'étirement!
indéfini!d'un!présent!suspendu!dont!la!
fin!ne!cesse!d'être!différée.!Mais,!en!
interrogeant!notre!rapport!au!temps,!ces!
films!touchent!également!à!l'expérience!
fondatrice!d'une!“!métaamodernité”!que!
n'enchantent!plus!les!grands!récits!
progressistes:!la!conscience!que!notre!
indépassable!historicité!se!heurte!
désormais!à!l'absence!de!signification!de!
l'histoire.!
%
!
Sylvie!Rollet,!“!L’archipel!de!la!résistance!”,!
Positif,!2010!
!
!
AROUND!There!is!commonly!sufficient!
space!about!us.!Our!horizon!is!never!
quite!at!our!elbows.!The!thick!woods!is!
not!just!at!our!door,!nor!the!pond,!but!
somewhat!is!always!clearing,!familiar!
and!worn!by!us,!appropriated!and!
fenced!in!some!way,!and!reclaimed!from!
Nature.!For!what!reason!have!I!this!vast!
range!and!circuit,!some!square!miles!of!
unfrequented!forest,!for!my!privacy,!
abandoned!to!me!by!men?!My!nearest!
neighbor!is!a!mile!distant,!and!no!house!
is!visible!from!any!place!but!the!hillatops!
within!half!a!mile!of!my!own.!I!have!my!
horizon!bounded!by!woods!all!to!myself;!
a!distant!view!of!the!railroad!where!it!
touches!the!pond!on!the!one!hand,!and!
of!the!fence!which!skirts!the!woodland!
road!on!the!other.!But!for!the!most!part!
it!is!solitary!where!I!live!as!on!the!
prairies.!It!is!as!much!Asia!or!Africa!as!
New!England.!I!have,!as!it!were,!my!own!
sun!and!moon!and!stars,!and!a!little!
world!all!to!myself.!At!night!there!was!
never!a!traveller!passed!my!house,!or!
knocked!at!my!door,!more!than!if!I!were!
the!first!or!last!man;!unless!it!were!in!
the!spring,!when!at!long!intervals!some!
came!from!the!village!to!fish!for!pouts,!–!
they!plainly!fished!much!more!in!the!
Walden!Pond!of!their!own!natures,!and!
baited!their!hooks!with!darkness,!–!but!
they!soon!retreated,!usually!with!light!
baskets,!and!left!“the!world!to!darkness!
and!to!me,”!and!the!black!kernel!of!the!
night!was!never!profaned!by!any!human!
neighborhood.!I!believe!that!men!are!
generally!still!a!little!afraid!of!the!dark,!
though!the!witches!are!all!hung,!and!
Christianity!and!candles!have!been!
introduced.
J.!Moraes,!Guia.da.cidade.de.São.Luís.do.
Maranhão,!1989!
Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden,!1854!
ARTE!L’arte!è!ribellione!dell’artista!
!
!
!
!
!
!
contro!il!reale.
ARRIVAL!At!three!o'clock!on!the!
!
!
morning!of!the!21st!of!June!we!were!
awakened!and!notified!that!the!Azores!
islands!were!in!sight.!I!said!I!did!not!take!
any!interest!in!islands!at!three!o'clock!in!
the!morning.!But!another!persecutor!
came,!and!then!another!and!another,!
and!finally!believing!that!the!general!
enthusiasm!would!permit!no!one!to!
slumber!in!peace,!I!got!up!and!went!
sleepily!on!deck.!It!was!five!and!a!half!
o'clock!now,!and!a!raw,!blustering!
morning.!The!passengers!were!huddled!
about!the!smoke!stacks!and!fortified!
behind!ventilators,!and!all!were!
wrapped!in!wintry!costumes,!and!
looking!sleepy!and!unhappy!in!the!
pitiless!gale!and!the!drenching!spray.
!
!
Mark!Twain,!The.Innocents.Abroad,!1869!!
!
!
ATLÂNTIDA!Havia,!diziaase,!além!das!
chamadas!Colunas!de!Hércules!uma!ilha!
maior!que!a!Líbia!e!a!Ásia.!Desta!ilha,!
podiaase!passar!facilmente!a!outras!e!
destas!ao!continente!que!cerca!o!mar!
interior.!No!meio!da!Ilha!existia!uma!
planície!fértil,!cercada,!de!um!lado,!pelo!
mar!e!por!um!círculo!de!montanhas.!
Nessa!planície!se!elevava!a!capital!dos!
Atlantes,!cidade!magnífica,!cujos!
palácios!e!templos!foram!construídos!
em!pedras!brancas,!negras!e!vermelhas!
tiradas!dos!flancos!da!ilha.!Mas,!nos!
últimos!tempos,!houve!terramotos!e!
inundações!e!no!espaço!de!um!dia!e!uma!
noite!fatais,!a!Ilha!Atlântica!desapareceu!
do!mar.
!
.
Platão,!Timeu.e.Crítias,!360!a.D.!
!
!
AUTOFAGIA!Ao!redor!da!ilha!de!São!
Luís!haveria!uma!descomunal!serpente!
sempre!a!crescer,!até!que!um!dia!a!
cauda!alcance!a!cabeça.!Na!ocasião!em!
que!tal!acontecer,!o!monstro!reunirá!as!
suas!forças!para,!num!abraço!estupendo,!
comprimir!a!porção!da!terra!envolvida,!
provocando!o!completo!desaparecimena
to!de!São!Luís,!que!será!tragada!pelo!
oceano.
!
!
!
!
!
Michelangelo!Antonioni!(senza!fonte)!
!
!
AUTONOMY!Thoreau’s!philosophy!
inherently!opposed!prescription:!“Fresh!
experience!of!the!moment!is!critical!to!a!
life!with!principle.”!The!sovereignty!of!
individual!conscience,!thought!to!be!
achievable!through!introspection,!was!
elemental.!The!notion!that!individual!
integrity!alone!should!guide!one’s!
actions!was!in!direct!conflict!with!
democracy.!Some!critics!of!
transcendentalist!thought!wondered!
where!the!“church!of!one”!could!
possibly!lead.!Thoreau’s!writing!of!the!
late!1840s!would!attest!to!his!lack!of!
faith!that!the!majority!could!act!justly!–!
“People!obey!out!of!selfainterest”!–!and!
to!his!disbelief!that!government!was!
capable!of!acting!conscientiously.!“Must!
the!citizen!ever!for!a!moment,!or!in!the!
least!degree,!resign!his!conscience!to!the!
legislator?!Why!has!every!man!a!
conscience,!then?”!He!saw!government!
as!an!expedient!machine!and!idealized!
“a!really!free!and!enlightened!State”!that!
recognizes!“the!individual!as!a!higher!
and!independent!power,!from!which!all!
its!own!power!and!authority!are!
derived.”
!
!
Julie!Ault,!“Freedom!Club”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,!
2011!
!
!
AZORES
%
Great!green!ships!!
themselves,!they!ride!
at!anchor!forever;!!
beneath!the!tide!
!
huge!roots!of!lava!!
hold!them!fast!
in!midaAtlantic!!
to!the!past.!
!
The!tourists,!thrilling!!
from!the!deck,!
hail!shrilly!pretty!!
hillsides!flecked!
!
7
!
with!cottages!!
(confetti)!and!
sweet!lozenges!!
of!chocolate!(land).!
!
They!marvel!at!!
the!dainty!fields!
and!terraces!!
handatilled!to!yield!
!
the!modest!fruits!!
of!vines!and!trees!
imported!by!
the!Portuguese:!
!
a!rural!landscape!!
set!adrift!
from!centuries;!!
the!rift!
!
enlarges.!!
The!ship!proceeds.!
Again!the!constant!!
music!feeds!
an!emptiness!astern,!!
Azores!gone.!
The!void!behind,!the!void!!
ahead!are!one.
!
!
John!Updike,!The.sea.within.it,!1983!
!
!
AZUL%A!volta!na!luz!da!tarde!é!um!
assombro.!Vejo!o!Salão!e!Pedro!Miguel,!
todos!azuis!de!hidrângeas;!sigo!
extasiado!pela!estrada!azul,!com!o!Pico!
ao!fundo!e!São!Jorge!à!esquerda!
formando!a!enorme!baía.É!o!horizonte!
de!Nápoles!mais!escuro,!a!esta!hora!
iluminado!por!uma!luz!rica!de!efeitos.!
Em!baixo!colinas,!sempre!colinas!–!não!
como!as!montanhas!solenes!das!Flores!
em!picos!aguçados!pelo!raio,!mas!
arredondados!e!mansos.!Borbotões!de!
azul!despenhamase!por!todos!os!lados.!O!
Faial!adormece!em!azul!sob!o!céu!
cinzento!e!com!o!Pico!todo!violeta!ao!
lado.
!
!
Raul!Brandão,!“!A!ilha!azul”,!As.ilhas.
desconhecidas,!1926!
!
!
!
BALNIBARBI,!an!island!in!the!north!
Pacific,!between!Japan!and!California.!
The!capital,!Lagado,!is!a!major!port!for!
trade!with!the!island!of!Lugnagg.!Ships!
from!Maldonada,!a!port!about!the!size!of!
Portsmouth!in!England,!also!sail!
regularly!to!Luggnagg.
The!capital!is!roughly!half!the!size!of!
London.!All!its!houses!are!in!bad!repair!
and!are!built!in!the!most!peculiar!
fashion.!The!citizens!are!dressed!in!rags!
and!rush!through!the!streets!with!wild,!
staring!eyes.!In!the!countryside,!
labourers!be!seen!working!with!a!
variety!of!tools,!but!it!is!impossible!to!
tell!what!they!are!actually!doing.!
Although!the!soil!is!fertile!there!is!no!
sign!of!grass!wheat!or!corn.!
The!poverty!that!reigns!in!Balnibarbi!is!
largely!the!responsibility!of!the!soacalled!
Projectors.!In!about!1660,!a!group!of!
people!sailed!to!Laputa!and!returned!
after!five!months!with!a!smattering!of!
mathematics!and!their!heads!full!of!
volatile!spirits!acquired!in!that!lofty!
region.!They!immediately!began!to!
devise!schemes!or!“projects”!for!putting!
!
!
8
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
everything!on!a!new!footing.!An!
academy!of!Projectors!was!set!up!in!
Lagado;!today!every!city!of!any!
consequence!has!its!own!academy.!The!
“projects”!were!designed!to!enable!one!
man!to!do!the!work!of!ten,!to!produce!
buildings!that!would!never!wear!out!and!
to!bring!all!plants!and!crops!to!maturity!
at!any!given!time!of!the!year.!The!
difficulty!is!that!none!of!these!schemes!
has!yet!come!to!fruition!and!in!the!
meantime!the!country!lies!in!waste.!
Some!lords!or!Munodi!held!out!against!
the!Projectors,!but!they!were!ultimately!
forced!to!destroy!their!houses!and!to!
rebuild!them!in!the!modern!fashion!in!
order!to!avoid!public!hostility!and!royal!
displeasure.!
One!typical!“project”!involves!the!
extraction!of!sunshine!from!cucumbers:!
the!sunbeams!are!hermetically!sealed!in!
phials!and!then!released!in!inclement!
weather.!In!another,!an!architect!has!
contrived!a!new!method!for!building!
houses!by!beginning!at!the!top!and!
working!downwards!(as!in!
Philosophers’!Island),!arguing!that!this!
!
9
!
is!how!bees!and!spiders!make!their!
wonderful!constructions.!In!the!School!
of!Languages,!“projects”!are!established!
for!the!simplification!of!language!by!
cutting!out!polysyllables!and!leaving!out!
verbs!and!participles,!on!the!grounds!
that!all!things!imaginable!are!merely!
nouns.!Another!Projector!is!working!on!
the!abolition!of!words!altogether.!This,!it!
is!claimed,!will!improve!people’s!health!
by!lessening!the!corrosion!of!the!lungs.!
The!underlying!logic!is!that!since!words!
represent!things!it!would!be!more!
convenient!for!men!to!carry!with!them!
the!things!that!may!be!mentioned!in!
their!speech.!It!is!said!that!this!“project”!
might!have!been!put!into!operation!had!
not!the!women!and!the!illiterate!
threatened!rebellion!unless!they!were!
allowed!to!go!on!speaking!with!their!
tongues!in!the!manner!of!their!
forefathers.!A!scheme!devised!to!disa
cover!plots!against!the!government!
involves!the!examination!of!the!diet!of!
suspects!and!analysis!of!their!excreta,!on!
the!grounds!that!men!are!never!more!
serious,!thoughtful!and!intent!than!when!
they!are!defecating.!
Although!Balnibarbi!is!itself!a!kingdom,!
it!forms!part!of!the!empire!of!Laputa,!to!
which!it!pays!tribute.!
BAMBI!Wide!shot,!exterior.!The!
backdrop!is!dim!lit,!almost!black,!
emphasizing!a!clearing!of!light!where!
the!green!is!very!intense.!It!looks!like!a!
set.!Right!in!the!center!of!the!frame!
stands!a!deer,!very!still,!its!head!slightly!
turned.!It!reminds!us!of!embalmed!deer!
in!natural!history!museums
!
%
%
BAMBOOCAM%AWARDS!Noun,!
symbol:!The!“antiaOscars”!Bamboo.
Camera!is!awarded!to!truly!localastory!
films!(in!content,!spirit!and!style)!which!
evaded!the!Hollywood!Formula!S.+.V.=.P.
!!!!It!is!given!to!Filipino!indie!cineastes!
whose!film!POV!is!truly!indigenous.!Or!
better!still!to!encourage!their!
IndieGenius!storytelling.!Bamboo!the!
tallest!grass,!is!abundant!in!the!third!
world,!as!are!their!local!tales!and!
legends…!Why!not!shoot!through!the!
Bamboo!viewfinder?
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013!
!
!
BARATARIA,!an!island!somewhere!in!
La!Mancha,!Spain,!in!a!place!whose!
name!does!not!wish!to!be!remembered,!
the!only!island!in!the!world!surrounded!
by!land!instead!of!sea.!
Barataria!is!famous!for!having!been!
governed!for!a!week!with!honourable!
rectitude!by!Sancho!Panza,!who.!
accompanied!the!ingenious!knight!Don!
Quixote!throughout!his!travels.!Sancho!
Panza!abandoned!his!governorship!
rather!abruptly,!after!having!repelled!a!
fearful!enemy!invasion,!armed!only!with!
two!wooden!tables!tied!to!his!waist.!(His!
comments!on!the!island’s!cuisine!were!
rather!unfavourable!–!he!compared!it!to!
a!prison!diet!in!times!of!want.)!
Should!the!traveller!visiting!Barataria!be!
invited!to!govern!the!island,!it!will!be!
useful!to!bear!in!mind!some!of!the!
advice!Don!Quixote!gave!Sancho!Panza:!!
!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Jonathan!
Swift,!Travels.Into.Several.Remote.Nations.Of.The.
World..In.Four.Parts..By.Lemuel.Gulliver,.First.a.
Surgeon,.and.then.a.Captain.of.several.Ships,!
London,!1726!
!
!
!
!
First.fear.God;.for.the.fear.of.God.is.the.
beginning.of.wisdom.and.a.wise.man.
cannot.err.
A.man.should.consider.what.he.has.been.
and.endeavour.to.know.himself,.the.most.
difficult.knowledge.to.acquire..
A.man.should.not.be.governed.by.the.law.
of.his.own.whim..
!
!
!
!
!
10
!
! !
!
A.man.should.let.the.tears.of.the.poor.
find.more.compassion,.but.not.more.
justice,.than.the.representations.of.the.
rich..
If.the.scales.of.justice.be.at.any.time.not.
evenly.balanced,.let.it.be.by.the.weight.of.
mercy.and.not.by.that.of.a.gift.
!
.
!
It!is!said!that!if!a!governor!follows!these!
rules,!his!days!will!be!long,!his!fame!
eternal,!his!recompense!full!and!his!
happiness!unspeakable.
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Miguel!de!
Cervantes!Saavedra,!El.ingenioso.hidalgo.Don.
Quixote.de.La.Mancha,!Madrid,!1605a15!
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BARON,%REBECCA!makes!films!and!
movingaimage!installations.!Her!works!
have!been!shown!extensively!in!the!US!
and!abroad,!including!Rotterdam,!
London,!Toronto,!Oberhausen,!Ann!
Arbor!and!New!York!Film!Festivals,!
Whitney!Museum!of!American!Art,!Reina!
Sofia!Madrid,!MAK!Museum!Vienna,!
Flaherty!Film!Seminar,!Orphans!Film!
Symposium,!IMAGES,!Cinematheque!
Française,!and!Viennale.!She!holds!a!B.A.!
from!Brown!University!and!MFA!from!
UC!San!Diego.!She!is!the!recipient!of!a!
2002!Guggenheim!Fellowship!and!a!
2007!Radcliffe!Fellowship.!She!has!
taught!at!Massachusetts!College!of!Art,!
Harvard!University!and!currently!
teaches!at!CalArts.!
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BEATT,%CYNTHIA!Born!in!Jamaica.!
Lived!there!and!in!the!Fiji!Islands!until!
age!20.!Studied!art!in!Britain.!Part!of!the!
experimental,!minimalist!film!scene!in!
70’s!London.!Moved!to!Berlin!1976.!
Worked!with!the!Arsenal!and!
International!Forum!of!Cinema.!
Filmmaker!and!scriptwriter,!curator,!
translator.!Based!in!Berlin.
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BELIEVE%Mrs.!Flaherty!hurried!to!
where!I!stood,!and!looking!at!me!
beseechingly,!said:!“Oh,!Pat,!Pat,!can!
they!ever!land?”!
“I!will!tell!you!something,!Mrs.!Flaherty,”!
I!answered.!“They!cannot!land,!that!is!
come!ashore!in!any!way!that!a!curragh!
ever!landed!before,!as!far!as.I!know.!The!
day!has!turned!out!so!terribly!bad!that!
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they!cannot!go!back!out!again!through!
the!passage,!and!I'm!afraid!after!another!
hour!and!a!half!the!curragh!will!be!lost!
in!this!channel,!because!the!high!tide!
will!come!breaching!over!that!ledge!of!
rock.!That!is!the!only!protection!they!
now!have!from!the!whole!force!of!the!
western!ocean.”!
As!the!curragh!topped!a!gigantic!wave,!
and!then!disappeared!out!of!sight,!Mrs.!
Flaherty!cried!out:!“Oh,!my!God!”!She!
turned!away!and!covered!her!eyes!with!
her!hands.!“What!shall!we!ever!do!if!
anything!happens!to!those!brave!men?”!
“I!wouldn't!take!on!as!bad!as!that,”!I!
said,!“because!there!is!still!hope.!
Patcheen!believes!he!will!never!be!
drowned,!and!when!a!man!believes!that!
and!knows!his!business!besides,!'tis!
hard!to!lose!him!”!I!told!her!some!more!
about!how!I!had!impressed!on!his!mind!
the!dire!necessity!of!doing!the!work!this!
day,!and!what!it!meant!to!Aran!and!to!
the!Flaherty!family.!
She!looked!at!me!very!reproachfully,!
and!said:!“May!God!forgive.!you.”!
Now!and!again!a!spot!of!blue!appeared,!
but!Mr.!Flaherty!was!working!his!
camera!in!sunshine!and!in!cloud,!all!the!
time!shouting:!“Can!they!make!it,!Pat?!
Can!they!make!it?”!
Such!work!as!these!peerless!
curraghmen!were!doing!could!never!be!
done!again.!Time!and!time!again!they!
tried!to!make!a!landing!when!the!great!
seas!were!not!coming!through!all!three!
channels!at!once,!but!they!were!driven!
out!again!and!again!to!continue!fighting!
what!now!seemed!to!be!a!losing!battle.!
Shauneen!Tom!turned!on!me,!his!face!
white!and!his!eyes!blazing,!saying:!“Oh,!
you!ruffian!!!You!have!the!men!lost!!
There!is!no!blame!coming!to!the!
Flahertys,!but!you!know!what!kind!of!a!
sea!ran!here!with!a!high!tide!and!a!
storm.”
“You!are!right,!Shauneen,”!I!answered,!
“but!even!so,!I!have!hopes!yet!that!
Patcheen!will!make!one!big!try!and!he!
will!either!live!or!die!in!the!doing!of!it.”
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Pat!Mullen,!“The!last!shot”,!Man.of.Aran,!1935!
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BENNING,%JAMES%His!early!films!
fused!the!“structuralist”!investigations!
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into!soundaimage!relationships!of!
filmmakers!like!Michael!Snow!and!Hollis!
Frampton!with!an!interest!in!narrative!
and!a!deep!sensitivity!to!color,!light,!and!
landscape.!He!first!grabbed!the!attention!
of!the!avantagarde!film!world!with!8.1/2.
x.11!and!11.x.14.!Filmed!in!vivid!color!in!
the!rural!and!urban!landscapes!of!his!
native!Midwest,!these!two!films!would!
provide!the!kernel!for!his!further!
investigations!into!film!form.!His!films'!
rigorous!structures!–often!based!on!
numerical!systems!–and!exquisitely!
composed!shots!reflect!his!training!as!a!
mathematician,!and!their!frequently!
autobiographical!subject!matter!draws!
upon!his!workingaclass!roots!(a!rare!
subject!for!avantagarde!film)!and!his!
longtime!commitment!to!political!
activism.!While!his!earliest!films!are!
mostly!concerned!with!form!and!
narrative,!his!work!in!the!'80s!began!to!
introduce!both!personal!subject!matter!
and!documentary!elements,!at!the!same!
time!becoming!increasingly!concerned!
with!the!themes!of!history,!memory,!and!
death.!American.Dreams,!Landscape.
Suicide,!and!Used.Innocence!all!provide!
glimpses!into!the!minds!of!violent!
criminals!through!their!own!words,!and!
are!made!all!the!more!chilling!by!
Benning's!decision!to!place!their!crimes!
in!their!historical!and!political!contexts!
rather!than!pass!judgment!on!them.!
After!moving!to!California!in!the!1990s,!
Benning!began,!with!the!highly!
acclaimed!Deseret,!a!series!of!
experimental!documentaries!
investigating!the!effects!of!history!and!
politics!in!the!American!West.!
Composed!almost!entirely!of!landscapes,!
these!films!recall!his!early!experiments!
with!cinematic!time!and!offascreen!
space,!and!are!considered!by!many!to!be!
among!his!best.!His!central!innovation!–
the!use!of!narrative!to!explore!cinema's!
formal!possibilities!–!has!proven!to!be!
enormously!influential!on!a!number!of!
experimental!and!independent!
filmmakers.!Echoes!of!his!style!and!
compositional!sense!have!popped!up!in!
television!commercials!since!the!'70s,!
and!can!be!found!in!the!work!of!such!
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directors!as!Jim!Jarmusch,!Chantal!
Akerman,!and!Rob!Tregenza.
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BIOGRAHY!Born!in!Kingston,!Jamaica,!
I!saw!my!first!film!there,!Disney’s!Peter.
Pan,!and!hid!under!the!wooden!seat!
when!Peter!walked!the!plank.!We!lived!
at!the!time!in!Port!Royal,!which!had!
been!a!pirate’s!harbour,!and!there!were!
sharks!and!a!huge!barracuda!with!a!
hook!in!its!eye!under!the!jetty!in!front!of!
our!house.
The!next!film!I!remember!clearly!was!
2001:.A.Space.Odyssey.!Like!all!films,!it!
arrived!in!Fiji’s!cinema!with!a!delay!of!
several!years.!It!deeply!impressed!my!
gang!of!friends,!but!we!were!puzzled:!
what!on!earth!was!the!film!about?!
At!Bath!Academy!of!Art!I!discovered!a!
new!kind!of!cinema!in!our!film!club.!The.
Woman.of.the.Dunes!(Suna!no!onna,!
literally!“Sand!woman”)!knocked!me!
over,!but!there!were!also!American!and!
British!films!of!the!60’s,!the!like!of!which!
I!had!never!seen.!In!1969!I!moved!to!
London!and!spent!time!at!Cambridge!
University!with!friends!who!were!
showing!Stan!Brakhage,!Michael!Snow,!
Maya!Deren,!Ken!Jacobs,!Kenneth!Anger.!
I!gave!up!art!college!and!moved!straight!
into!the!minimalist,!experimental!film!
world.!It!was!also!the!time!of!political!
films!like!Ice,!and!music,!Patti!Smith,!
Jimmy!Hendricks,!Van!Morrison,!the!
Stones,!the!Velvet!Underground,!Crosby,!
Stills,!Nash!&!Young,!Terry!Riley.!A!lot!of!
people!were!smoking!dope!and!
dropping!acid,!which!greatly!influenced!
not!just!the!content!of!films!but!also!
their!structural!composition.
Berlin!in!the!70s!was!another!hotspot!
for!cinema!and!music.!I!played!the!part!
of!Ottilie!in!the!film!Diary!by!Rudolf!
Thome,!a!modern!version!of!Goethe’s!
‘Elective!Affinities’:!a!factory!building!
instead!of!a!castle,!the!Wall,!ruins!and!
empty!sites!instead!of!gardens.!Rudolf!
Thome!dreamt!of!islands.!I!came!from!
the!islands.!The!result!was!Study.of.an.
Island!(1979).!The!film!was!an!open!
experiment,!an!ethnographic!feature,!a!
fictional!ethnographic!film.
Working!at!the!Arsenal!cinema!and!with!
the!International!Forum!of!Cinema!in!
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the!80s!with!people!for!whom!a!short!
Supera8!film!was!as!important!as!a!Louis!
Malle!feature!was!a!great!cinematic!
education.!I!curated!extensive!
retrospectives.!In!the!same!period,!
hours!of!Sa8!filming!in!the!area!around!
the!factory!building!at!the!Potsdamer!
Platz!where!I!lived!led!to!Fury.is.a.
Feeling.too!(1983),!a!confrontation!with!
what!I!perceived!as!the!residue!of!
German!fascism!and!destruction!of!the!
city:!the!ruins!or!empty!spaces!still!in!
evidence,!the!aggressivity!in!everyday!
life.!
1985a87!were!spent!in!Fiji,!wandering!
through!the!islands!on!the!trail!of!the!
Heart.of.Light!material!for!a!film.!Two!
films!for!Fiji!TV,!Namosi!and!Dakui.Gau.
Trio.!The.Open.Universe!by!Klaus!
Wyborny!with!Tilda!Swinton!was!also!
shot!during!this!time!and!she!and!I!
began!a!long!collaboration.!
Living!by!the!Wall!inspired!me!to!
circumvent!West!Berlin!on!my!bicycle.!I!
asked!Tilda!Swinton!to!play!the!cyclist!in!
the!film!Cycling.the.Frame!(1988)!and!
we!imagined!the!Wall!falling.!Simon!
Fisher!Turner!collected!‘wallsounds’!for!
the!soundtrack.!One!year!later,!the!Wall!
was!opened!and!East!Berliners!and!West!
Berliners!flooded!the!streets!on!both!
sides.
My!son!Marlon!was!born!in!1990!and!a!
few!months!later!I!shot!The.Party.–.
Nature.Morte,!an!incredibly!low!budget!
film!with!Tilda!Swinton,!Féodor!Atkine!
and!Lutz!Weidlich.!The!beautiful!black!
and!white!footage!was!shot!by!Elfi!
Mikesch!in!a!newlyabuilt,!never!used!car!
bodyaspraying!building!in!East!Berlin,!
which!was!turned!into!a!loftalike!space!
where!party!guests!sang,!recited!texts!
about!conditions!of!isolation!in!the!city!
at!night,!and!danced!while!their!host!and!
hostess’s!relationship!fell!apart.
I!returned!to!Fiji!to!continue!script.!
Moved!to!Rome!in!1992,!to!the!Villa!
Massimo!where!my!husband!had!a!
fellowship.!Heart.of.Light!received!
funding!and!was!further!developed!with!
Road!Movies.!
Back!in!Berlin!in!1995.!My!daughter!
Frangipani!was!born.!Changes!in!the!
city,!the!fall!of!the!Wall!and!subsequent!
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feeding!frenzy!for!property!inspired!the!
beginnings!of!a!treatment!for!A.House.in.
Berlin,.1997a2013.!Long!research!about!
Jewish!dispossession!and!restitution.!
Later,!Palestinian!dispossession.!After!
years!of!development!funding!the!
project!was!put!on!ice!when!my!
producer!closed!his!company.!The!
project!was!revived!in!the!form!of!a!
radical!low!budget!film!and!has!just!
been!recently!finished.
2009.!Tilda!Swinton!and!I!returned!to!
the!spaces!the!Wall!had!
occupied/separated!and!filmed!The.
Invisible.Frame.!21!years!on!and!the!
same!cyclist!weaves!back!and!forth!
along!the!former!death!strips,!across!the!
onceatruncated!roads,!into!the!poppya
filled!fields!that!had!been!off!limits!for!
East!and!West!Berliners,!on!both!sides!of!
the!rivers!and!lakes!that!had!been!
divided.!Simon!Fisher!Turner!again!
created!the!sound!track.!The!film!is!
dedicated!to!‘the!people!of!Palestine’.!
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Cynthia!Beatt,!2013!
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BOSQUE,%O%Busqué!junto!con!José!
Manuel!Sande!un!texto!que!fuese!la!
materia!prima!a!partir!de!la!cual!crear!
ese!registro!en!imágenes!del!idioma!
gallego,!entendida!esta!lengua!no!tanto!
como!vehículo!de!mensaje!sino!como!
expresión!plástica!y!musical.!La!
capacidad!de!transmitir!información!es!
común!a!todas!las!lenguas,!el!segundo!
aspecto,!sus!cualidades!plásticas,!son!
únicas.!Eso!era!lo!más!importante.!
Elegimos!O.Bosque!por!su!ritmo!y!
musicalidad,!porque!nos!pareció!que!el!
autor!se!acercaba!a!esta!idea!que!
defendía!Straub:!“filmar!las!palabras!
para!que!sean!como!piedras!y!las!
piedras!como!palabras”.!Por!otro!lado,!el!
hecho!de!que!O.Bosque!sea!un!texto!
donde!sus!personajes!y!elementos!
narrativos!no!están!ligados!a!un!
episodio!o!época!histórica!concreta!
facilitaba!construir!una!película!más!
cercana!a!la!fábula!y!al!mito!que!a!la!
crónica!etnográfica!o!costumbrista.
[…]!Durante!el!rodaje!nos!
preguntábamos!cómo!filmar!un!paisaje!y!
que!no!resultara!una!postal,!que!
trascendiera!a!algo!más!que!su!propia!
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apariencia!física.!Al!mismo!tiempo,!tanto!
en!Mauro!Herce,!el!fotógrafo,!como!en!
mí,!existe!una!fascinación!por!la!propia!
materialidad!de!las!cosas.!Por!una!razón!
o!por!otra,!dedicamos!mucho!tiempo!a!
filmar!el!bosque:!de!diferentes!tipos,!a!
diferentes!horas!del!día,!con!diferentes!
velocidades!de!paneo,!con!niebla,!sin!
ella…!Me!fascina!que!una!cosa!tan!
concreta!pueda!tener!al!mismo!tiempo!
una!apariencia!tan!abstracta!y!
misteriosa.!No!creo!haya!una!
explicación,!pero!en!cualquier!caso!creo!
que!las!sensaciones!que!produce!esa!
paradoja!en!nosotros!como!
espectadores!puede!alimentar!una!
película.
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Eloy!Enciso,!livro!do!DVD!a!publicar!em!2013!
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BOXES!The!boxes!are!everywhere,!
mobile!and!anonymous,!their!contents!
hidden!from!view.!One!could!say!that!
these!containers!are!“coffins!of!remote!
laborapower”!carrying!goods!
manufactured!somewhere!else,!by!
invisible!workers!on!the!other!side!of!
the!globe.!We!are!told!by!the!apologists!
of!globalization!that!this!accelerated!
flow!is!indispensable!for!our!continued!
prosperity!and!for!the!deferred!future!
prosperity!of!those!who!labor!so!far!
away.!But!perhaps,!this!is!a!case!for!
Pandora,!or!for!her!more!clairvoyant!
sister,!Cassandra.
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Allan!Sekula!and!Noël!Burch,!“Notes!for!a!Film”,!
2010!
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BRANCO!À!noite!não!posso!dormir;!
estou!encharcado!de!azul.!Vou!a!pé!pela!
estrada!fora!sob!o!luar!derretido.!Diante!
de!mim!abrease!o!abismo!do!mar!cheio!
de!estrelas.!Nasceu,!subiu!a!lua!numa!
paz!extraordinária,!apagando!o!brilho!
dos!diamantes,!mas!entre!os!últimos!
reflexos!vibram!os!fios!das!vagas!
quebrando!na!costa!e!desaparecendo!
logo!no!boqueirão!todo!negro.!Mais!luar!
e!o!silêncio!que!espera!de!nós!qualquer!
comunicação!sobrenatural.!Olho.!Todas!
as!hortenses!se!puseram!brancas,!dum!
branco!perfeito,!todas!as!hortenses!não!
desfiram!os!olhos!de!mim,!quietas!e!
brancas,!imóveis!e!brancas.!Avanço!com!
receio.!É!uma!paisagem!sem!mácula.!Os!
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melros!enganamase!nestas!noites!de!lua!
redonda!e!branca!e!desatam!a!cantar,!
desvairados.!O!Pico,!entontecido,!cheio!
de!luz!e!enorme,!inchou!e!toma!todo!o!
horizonte.!Escuto!…!Bem!quero!
surpreender!o!mistério!destas!flores!que!
vivem!no!silêncio!húmido!e!branco.!
Fecho!os!olhos.!A!existência!obscura!das!
plantas,!que!não!tiram!os!olhos!de!mim,!
fazame!perder!a!consciência!da!própria!
personalidade;!sinto!outra!vida!
estonteada,!dispersa!no!mundo!e!mais!
lúcida!–!talvez!mais!lúcida!ainda!…!
Caminho,!caminho!sempre,!entre!
renques!brancos,!assombrado!pelo!
espectáculo!de!brancura!e!sonho.!Uma!
senhora!americana!não!teve!mão!em!si!
que!não!desatasse!a!beijáalas,!
transportada!…!Eu,!de!mim,!não!me!
atrevo.!
Tenho!agora!medo!delas,!brancas!e!
puras,!oferecendoase!desmaiadas!ao!luar!
dum!branco!extraordinário,!dum!branco!
mudo!onde!se!sente!um!reflexo!ténue!e!
doirado!do!sol.!Tudo!parou;!só!o!melro!
desvairado!canta!entre!esta!brancura!
virginal.!Não!se!cala!até!ficar!exausto.!E!
quando!deixa!sair!do!bico!o!fio!de!
harmonia,!logo!outro!melro!escondido!o!
apanha!e!ergue,!continuando!a!tecer!o!
arabesco!musical!sobre!a!paisagem!
branca!e!extática.!
!
kilomètres,!partout.!La!seule!autre!
créature!de!l’île!est!une!canne!au!
pommeau!sculpté!qui!représente!un!
buste!d’Edouard!VI.!La!canne!attend!
avec!une!impatience!mal!dissimulée!le!
jour!où!Mme!Lamaréchalenousvoilà!
l’autorisera!à!corriger!l’Examinateura
desaExaminateurs.!
A!leur!arrivée,!les!visiteurs!sont!ima
médiatement!assaillis!par!les!navets!qui!
leur!posent!des!questions!érudites:!
“Quel!est!le!nom!du!chat!de!la!servante!
de!la!grandamère!du!treizième!cousin!de!
Mucius!Scaevola!?’,!ou!“Comment!
s’appelle!l’endroit!dont!personne!n’a!
jamais!entendu!parler!?”.!
Sur!le!rivage,!une!colonne!porte!l’insa
cription!suivante:!“Ici,!les!jouets!sont!
interdits.”
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Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Charles!
Kingsley,!The.Water;Babies.:.A.Fairy.Tale.for.a.
Land;Baby,!Londres,!1863.!
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BURCH,%NOËL!Born!in!the!USA!(San!
Francisco)!in!1932,!Noël!Burch!has!been!
living!in!France!since!1951.!He!
graduated!from!the!Institut!Des!Hautes!
Etudes!Cinèmatographiques!in!1954.!
While!primarily!known!for!his!
theoretical!writings,!he!has!always!
positioned!himself!as!a!filmmaker!and!
has!directed!over!twenty!titles,!mostly!
documentaries.!In!2010,!he!directed!The.
Forgotten.Space!with!Allan!Sekula.!
Burch!has!been!publishing!since!the!
1960s.!Among!his!numerous!
publications!are!his!first!and!best!known!
book!Theory.of.Film.Practice!(1973)!and!
To.the.Distant.Observer:.Form.and.
Meaning.in.Japanese.Cinema!(1979),!
which!remains!the!most!robust!history!
of!Japanese!cinema!written!by!a!
Westerner.!From!1967!to!1972,!he!
collaborated!with!Janine!Bazin!and!
Andrè!S.!Labarthe!for!the!celebrated!
series,!Cinéastes.de.Notre.Temps.!It!was!
during!that!same!period!that!Burch!was!
coafounder!and!director!of!the!Institut!
de!Formation!Cinématographique,!an!
alternative!film!school!associating!
theory!and!practice.
!
!
!
!
!
Raul!Brandão,!“!A!ilha!azul”,!As.ilhas.
desconhecidas,!1926!
!
!
BUCHEURS,%ILE%DES!Peuplée!des!
malheureux!enfants!que!leurs!parents!
obligent!à!travailler!toute!la!semaine,!et!
même!à!apprendre!leurs!leçons!au!lieu!
d’aller!jouer.!Leur!tête!devient!ainsi!de!
plus!en!plus!grosse,!leur!corps!de!plus!
en!plus!petit!et!leurs!jambes!prennent!
racine.!
Devenus!des!navets,!ils!reprennent!sans!
arrêt!le!refrain!des!Bûcheurs!:!“On!peut!
pas!apprendre!la!leçon!quand!le!pion!est!
sur!les!talons”,!pendant!que!
l’ExaminateuradesaExaminateurs!fait!les!
cent!pas!et!les!accable!de!travail!d’une!
voix!stridente!et!dictatoriale.!Terrorisés,!
les!navets!se!gavent!de!savoir!et!éclatent!
par!douzaines.!Il!n’y!a!aucun!moyen!
d’échapper!à!l’Examinateur!qui!fourre!
son!nez,!long!de!quatorze!mille!
!
!
!
!
15
!
juxtaposition!chaotique,!l’expérience!
non!marchandisée!y!débordant!plus!
abondamment!que!ne!le!peuvent!les!
données!deux!fois!marchandisées!d’une!
réalité!complètement!uniforme!et!
standardisée,!la!réalité!du!capitalisme!
tardif!–!laquelle!a!fait!l’objet!d’un!
premier!traitement!dans!la!vie!de!tous!
les!jours!avant!d’être!traitée!une!
seconde!fois!par!le!média!qui!contrôle!
ses!représentations.
%
!
Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011!
!
!
CAPTAIN!Between!the!Barents!Sea!and!
!
CABINS,%TWO!On!the!surface,!
Benning’s!Two.Cabins!are!night!and!day,!
invoking!contradictory!sets!of!reclusive!
intentions!and!divergent!paths!leading!
back!out.!Deeper!inquiry!reveals!the!
ThoreauaKaczynski!equation!to!be!
inspired.!Beyond!differences,!Benning’s!
engagement!makes!discernable!a!
multitude!of!contacts!between!
Thoreau’s!and!Kaczynski’s!beliefs,!
political!viewpoints,!and!experiences!of!
seclusion.!The!apparent!dichotomy!loses!
its!soundness!as!Benning’s!formation!
artfully!unfolds!a!complex!articulation!of!
practices!of!dissent,!non!prescriptive!
ways!of!living,!and!the!politics!of!
solitude.
earth!devour!him.!On!a!neighbouring!
island,!the!sick!are!smothered!by!
specially!trained!dogs!to!spare!them!the!
pain!of!a!natural!death.!To!avoid!any!
waste,!their!flesh!is!then!eaten.!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Sir!John!
Mandeville,!Voyage.de.Sir.John.Maundevile;!Paris,!
1357!
!
!
CALL%FOR%ENTRIES!This!glossary!is!
Julie!Ault,!“Freedom!Club”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,!
2011!
an!ongoing!project,!whose!experimental!
shape!and!content!is!but!a!preview!of!
what!it!can!be:!a!forum!for!the!exchange!
of!ideas!among!a!permanent!community,!
gathering!occasionally!on!an!island,!and!
following!up!on!that!reunion.!If!you!have!
any!suggestions!for!entries,!please!get!
back!to!Ana!Eliseu!and!Joana!Frazão!at!
[email protected].
CAFFOLOS,!an!island!in!the!Pacific!
CAPITALISME%TARDIF%Dans!
!
!
!
!
Ocean.!Friendship!is!the!main!concern’!
of!the!people!of!Caffolos,!when!one!of!
their!friends!falls!sick,!the!natives!of!
Caffolos!hang!him!from!a!tree;!claiming!
that!it!is!better!that!the!birds,!angels!of!
God,!eat!him,!than!that!the!worms!of!the!
16
!
!
!
%
l’Amérique!latine!d’aujourd’hui,!les!
modes!de!vie!et!de!pensée!les!plus!
modernisés!et!les!plus!anciennes!mœurs!
paysannes!se!maintiennent!côte!à!côte!;!
d’un!seul!coup!d’œil!aux!
enregistrements,!on!décèle!leur!
the!White!Sea,!a!warship!advances!in!the!
unrelenting!Arctic!night,!on!board!a!
bunch!of!young!recruits,!a!thirtyayear!
old!captain!and!a!few!officers:!a!world,!
Russia,!Europe,!ours,!survives!between!
heaven!and!sea,!the!final!testimony!of!a!
past!and!its!spirituality.!The!vessel!is!
old,!ancient,!rusty;!the!machinery!
dilapidated;!the!cabins!and!bathroom!
facilities!lack!even!a!minimum!of!
comfort;!the!young!soldiers!inhabiting!it!
are!just!so!many!children,!all!squeezed!
in!together!on!top!of!one!another,!eating,!
sleeping,!performing!drills!and!
operations,!undergoing!a!travesty!of!
medical!checkaups,!sometimes!idle,!
though!seldom!so,!as!the!captain!takes!
pains!to!ensure!they!are!kept!constantly!
busy!to!prevent!the!insidious!onset!of!
fatal!boredom!that!would!reduce!their!
innocence!to!nothingness.!In!the!log!he!
keeps,!he!notes!what!he!observes!and!
his!innermost!musings:!At!age!thirty,!he!
considers!his!life!to!be!over;!he!has!only!
his!melancholy!left,!this!meaningless!
survival,!this!choice!that!he!will!be!
forced!to!make,!to!die!or!to!soldier!on!
like!this!ship,!and!the!only!thing!that!still!
drives!him:!reading!epic!novels.!This!
monotonous!wandering!is!occasionally!
shattered!by!stopaoffs!in!small!isolated!
harbours,!without!water!and!heating,!to!
which!the!vessel!lends!assistance.!
Suddenly,!everyone!stirs,!the!recruits!
double!up!under!the!weight!of!the!sacks!
of!coal,!running,!looking!like!young!
convicts.!“Why!do!they!obey?”!wonders!
the!captain,!who!never!stops!looking!at!
these!kids!that!fail!to!wonder!about!
anything!themselves,!launched!onto!the!
!
!
!
high!seas,!cooped!up!in!this!rusty!metal!
shell,!resigned!to!their!fate.!
!
!
Thierry!Garrel,!“Provinnost”,!Dox,!2004!
!
%
CAREER%During!my!undergraduate!in!
theater!at!the!University!of!the!
Philippines,!I!was!a!really!happy!and!
carefree!guy,!but!then!I!was!accidentally!
elected!the!president!of!the!student!
government.!First,!I!was!elected!one!of!
the!representatives!of!the!college!of!arts!
and!sciences.!On!the!first!Saturday!after!
the!elections,!representatives!from!the!
different!colleges!get!together!and!select!
a!chairman.!Usually!it's!a!law!student!or!
business!student!who!runs!for!that!
position!because!they!know!their!
ambitions!when!they're!in!school.!But!
that!year,!my!fraternity!saw!that!the!law!
student!was!very!weak.!So!they!
maneuvered,!made!some!alliances,!and!
suddenly!–!ahhh!–!I'm!speaking!in!front!
of!18,000!students,!talking!about!
nationalist!policies,!and!leading!rallies!to!
Malacanang,!the!equivalent!of!the!White!
House!in!the!Philippines.!By!years!end,!I!
began!to!see!myself!as!“presidentiable”!–!
since!lots!of!campus!leaders!in!my!
school!eventually!ended!up!in!national!
politics.!It's!not!that!it!was!my!ambition,!
but!I!thought:!maybe!I!was!a!potential!
president.
There!was!this!little!voice!from!I!don't!
know!where:!“A!developing!country!
needs!economists,!not.artists!”!So!I!
shifted!majors!and!went!for!an!MBA!in!
finance!at!the!University!of!
Pennsylvania’s!Wharton!School.!Thus!I!
ended!up!in!Paris!as!an!economist!at!
OECD!(Organization!for!Economic!
Cooperation!and!Development)!an!
organization!of!the!rich!countries!to!
coordinate!aid!policies.!I!worked!there!
for!five!years!–!in!a!threeapiece!suit!!
Maybe!it's!good!to!get!to!know!the!
enemy!inside!you!–!what!you!don't!want!
to!be.![…]
After!working!at!the!OECD,!maybe!my!
next!career!stepping!stone!would!have!
been!The!World!Bank!–!the!dream!of!
many!Philippine!economists.!Either!I!
was!crazy!or!something!flipped.!I!
realized:!I!don't!need!this!life.!You!
become!dependent!on!your!economist!
%
!
17
!
payroll:!so!you!can!buy!many!bottles!of!
champagne!and!Pierre!Cardin!suits,!and!
live!the!comfortable!bourgeois!life!in!
Paris,!in!your!16th!arrondissement!flat.!
One!thing!that!helped:!I!met!this!old!
French!actor!who!was!a!really!funny,!
nice!old!Jewish!man.!He!had!acted!in!one!
film,!Borsalino.!We'd!gotten!into!a!
friendship.!I!moved!into!his!big!flat!in!
the!16th.!It!was!a!way!to!meet!nona
economists.!I!was!the!boring!economist!
at!cocktail!parties,!compared!to!the!
crazy!artists!who!didn't!care!what!time!
it!was.!It!was!Cosmic!timing.!As!I!was!
getting!uncomfortable!with!“fertilizer!
distribution!studies,”!I!was!meeting!a!lot!
of!artists!in!Paris,!and!I!began!seeing!
possibilities!outside!the!box.!It!was!
beyond!my!expectations!that!I!would!
give!up!my!job.!But!because!I!started!
writing!a!play!and!getting!focused…!just!
at!that!moment!I!was!able!to!cut!the!
cord.!And!jump!out!for!a!free!fall.
I!had!written!my!play,!and!it!wasn't!
getting!anywhere.!I!met!this!Swiss!
fashion!designer,!who!was!interested!in!
doing!fashion!from!Philippine!shells.!We!
flew!home.!I!introduced!her!to!some!
shell!makers.!She!made!a!cocktail!dress!
collection.de.nacre!(motheraofapearl.)!On!
our!way!back!at!Schiphol!airport,!I!saw!a!
Munich!Olympic!announcement!with!
cute!souvenirs!displayed.!I!realized!I!
could!make!these!Olympic!souvenirs.!
That!was!the!turning!point.!By!helping!a!
fashion!artist,!I'd!made!contact!with!
Philippine!shell!makers.!So!now!I!had!
the!exotic!materials!and!a!global!event.!
My!bridge!to!become!a!playwright.
Each!Olympics!allow!merchants!to!
exploit!their!mascot.!In!1972,!it!was!the!
Dachshund,!the!sausage!dog!of!
Germany—on!keyachains,!Tashirts,!
throwapillows!–!any!conceivable!kitsch.!I!
proposed!a!dog!mosaic!out!of!mother!of!
pearl,!from!which!hung!twentyafive!
shells.!When!the!wind!blew,!it!would!
make!a!nice!sound.!This!was!going!to!be!
my!bridge!to!freedom.!I!fanned!out!
prototypes!to!rural!families.!A!real!
cottage!industry.!Two!thousand!dollars!
yielded!25,000!Olympic!dogs.
[…]!The!dogs!were!selling!very!well.!
Then!the!Olympic!hostage!crisis!
!
!
!
18
!
! !
!
happened.!The!foul!mood!cancelled!all!
reaorders.!So!at!the!end!of!the!Olympiad!
I!was!stuck!in!Munich,!leashed!to!25,000!
dogs.!I!couldn’t!afford!the!student!
dormitory.!I!was!invited!to!a!commune!
of!artists!outside!Munich.!That’s!where!I!
met!my!wife,!and!we!had!our!first!kid.!
There!was!also!this!crazy!German!film!
student!doing!crazy!projects.!He!taught!
me!to!handle!the!16mm!Bolex!camera.!
And!how!to!make!scriptaless!films.!He!
eventually!played!the!American!boss!in!
my!film![Perfumed.Nightmare].!He!hated!
being!in!front!of!the!camera.
For!his!video!exercise,!he!asked!me!and!
a!Brazilian!girl!to!be!actors.!We!went!to!
his!film!school.!That!week!the!professor!
was!sick.!The!substitute!professor!was!
Werner!Herzog.!I!didn't!know!he!was!a!
German!New!Wave!director.!After!our!
exercise,!he!asked!“Are!you!a!
professional!actor?”!I!said!no.!Assured!I!
was!no!Klaus!Kinski,!Herzog!smiled:!
“Sehr.gut..I!don't!like!working!with!
professionals.”!He!took!my!address.!Two!
months!later!he!came!to!our!commune!
and!asked!if!I!would!play!a!role!in!
Kasper.Hauser.![…]!There!is!a!circus!
scene!where!Kaspar!joins!the!freak!
show.!Herzog!revived!five!characters!
from!his!past!five!films…!a!mini!
retrospective!of!his!works.!From!his!film!
Aguirre,.the.Wrath.of.God,!I'm!the!
Amazon!Indian,!Hombrecito.!As!a!circus!
freak,!I!obsessively!play!the!flute!
because!my!tribe!will!survive!only!if!I!
play!it!everyday.!Then,!we!freaks!do!a!
jail!break!for!freedom!from!the!
zircusmeister.!These!influences:!being!on!
a!Herzog!set,!helping!a!film!student,!
ruleaflouting!in!the!artist!commune,!
made!me!think,!“Hey,!I!want!to!get!a!
16mm!camera.”!I!had!a!super!8!camera!
and!traded!it!with!someone!for!a!Bolex,!
and!that's!how!I!got!to!do!Perfumed.
Nightmare.
!
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!interviewed!by!Aily!Nash,!2012!
!
!
CARTOGRAFIA!Ouvi!dizer!que!nas!
grandes!viagens!de!descobertas,!aqueles!
que!tinham!por!missão!desenhar!as!
cartas!dos!novos!arquipélagos!
introduziam!de!bom!grado!uma!ilha!a!
seu!gosto,!que!baptizavam!com!o!nome!
da!mulher!eleita.!Era!um!facto!
confessado!e!reconhecido!e!ninguém!se!
perturbava!quando!se!não!encontrava!
sinal!dessas!ilhas!nas!navegações!
seguintes.!Era!diziaase,!”!a!ilha!da!
mulher!do!cartógrafo!”.
passamos!de!uma!história!à!outra,!
vamos!sendo!instalados!por!uma!
irreversibilidade!natural!e!nada!
podemos!contra!esse!movimento.
!
!
!
!
JeanaPierre!Abraham,!Fort.Cigogne,!2007!
CASTING%O!Som!e!a!Fúria!está!a!
preparar!um!documentário!de!André!
Príncipe,!provisoriamente!chamado!
Campo!de!Flamingos!sem!Flamingos.![…]!
Estamos!à!procura!de!personagens,!
locais,!situações!que,!não!sendo!o!
Portugal!dos!jornais!ou!dos!postais,!
habitam!este!país:
de!marginais,!excêntricos,!sábios,!loucos,!
apaixonados
de!investigadores!
de!hackers,!de!permacultores
de!escritores,!de!vocalistas!de!death!
metal!
de!animais!selvagens,!de!avestruzes!que!
correm!atrás!dos!carros
de!aldeias!desertas,!faróis,!mosteiros
de!lendas,!tradições
e!todo!o!resto.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
O!Som!e!a!Fúria,!Pedido!de!ajuda,!2011!
!
!
CHILDHOOD!“The!little!island!seemed!
to!float!on!the!dark!lakeawaters.!Trees!
grew!on!it,!and!a!little!hill!rose!in!the!
middle!of!it.!It!was!a!mysterious!island,!
lonely!and!beautiful.!All!the!children!
stood!and!gazed!at!it,!loving!it!and!
longing!to!go!to!it.!It!looked!so!secret!–!
almost!magic.!
“Well,”!said!Jack!at!last.!“What!do!you!
think?!Shall!we!run!away,!and!live!on!the!
secret!island?”!
“Yes!”!whispered!all!the!children.!
“Let’s!”!
!
!
Enid!Blyton,!The.Secret.Island,!1938!
!
!
CICLOS%DE%LUZ!Numa!das!sessões!do!
IndieLisboa,!André!Príncipe,!ao!falar!
sobre!o!método!de!rodagem!–!respona
dendo!à!questão!de!saber!se!esperou!
pelos!acontecimentos!ou!se!tinha!
encontro!marcado!com!os!
acontecimentos!,!disse!que!se!tratou,!
sobretudo,!de!captar!os!ciclos!da!luz.!
Não!é!coisa!metafórica,!é!material:!não!
!
Vasco!Câmara,!“O!país!já!não!está!ali”,!Público,!
2013!
CIMENTO%Em!vários!pontos!da!ilha!
!
!
!
!
!
!
vemos!obras!faraónicas!em!construção.!
Matériasaprimas!chegam!ao%porto!para!
serem!distribuídas!pelos!diversos!
estaleiros.!Em!pouco!tempo!a!ilha!
ganhará!novas formas.!Destróiase,!
constróiase!e,!nesse!processo,!
transformaase!um!Lugar!de!partida,!de!
onde!se!é!obrigado!a!fugir,!num!Destino!
para!turistas!com!toques!de!paraíso!à.la.
carte.!Piscinas!de água!doce!nascem!em!
terras!de!água!salgada,!onde!beber!água!
é!uma!inquietação!fundamental
do!diaaaadia.
%
%
%
!
!
Luisa!Homem!e!Pedro!Pinho,!2013!
!
!
CITIES,%THE%In!Italo!Calvino’s!Invisible.
Cities,!Kublai!Khan,!Mongol!Emperor,!
asks!Marco!Polo!to!tell!him!what!he!saw!
in!the!far!cities!of!his!empire.!Knowing!
his!empire!is!weakening!under!its!own!
weight,!the!great!Khan!asks!Polo!to!
narrate!how!they!are!substituting!the!
last!traces!of!happiness!in!these!
remote!cities,!and!for!him,!invisible.!As.
Cidades.e.as.Trocas.seeks!to!depart!from!
a!nostalgia!similar!to!the!Great!Khan’s,!
in!order!to!understand!what!in!this!
historical!process!is!disappearing!and!
will!be!unrecoverable.
%
.
Luisa!Homem!e!Pedro!Pinho,!Directors’!Notes,!
2010!
!
!
CLOWN!Tahimik!est!d’abord!et!avant!
tout!un!“!clown!”!:!chose!rare,!qui!
renseigne!ses!liens!de!parenté!
cinématographiques!avec!Chaplin!ou!
Jacques!Tati!et!témoigne!de!sa!distance!
essentielle!par!rapport!au!cinéma!
contemporaine!en!général,!qu’il!s’agisse!
du!cinéma!du!Tiers!Monde!ou!du!cinéma!
hollywoodien.
!
!
Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011!
!
!
COLLABORATION!A.Spell!is!a!film!that!
we!collaborated!on!entirely,!from!
19
!
beginning!to!end.!The!concept,!the!form,!
and!the!structure!were!arrived!at!with!
total!participation!from!each!of!us.!We!
never!filmed!or!edited!anything!without!
the!other!being!present,!and!while!
you’re!right!in!thinking!that!the!work!
points!towards!our!own!varied!
tendencies,!you’re!getting!closer!to!the!
truth!of!the!film!when!you!sense!a!
deeper!reading!pulsing!just!below!that!
surface.!And!people!who!don’t!know!our!
earlier!work!but!have!seen!this!film!thus!
far!(we’ve!had!a!few!“workainaprogress”!
screenings)!seem!to!have!a!much!more!
complete!experience!of!it,!one!that!is!not!
weighed!down!by!a!search!for!signs!of!
the!single!authors!within!the!
collaborative!duo.!I!wonder!if!this!means!
that!the!unfamiliar!audience!is!our!ideal!
set!of!eyes!and!ears?!Neither!of!us!are!
willing!to!stick!to!this,!as!there!are!still!a!
great!number!of!audiences!ahead!of!us.
!
!
Ben!Rivers,!interviewed!by!Michael!Sicinski,!
Cinema.Scope!56,!2013!
MoindreaImportance!ou!petite!île!de!
RienaduaTout,!son!nom!se!modifie!
encore!selon!l’humeur!du!moment:!d’île!
Redoutable!ou!Imprévue,!elle!devient!île!
Fériée!ou!SansaArrièrea!Pensées.!
L’archipel!auquel!elle!appartenait!
semble!avoir!disparu!et,!malgré!d’ina
tensives!recherches,!les!îles!AaPart,!
Subito!Presto!et!Incognito!demeurent!
introuvables.
CommeaAvant!n’a!ni!jardiniers,!ni!
vendeurs!de!parfums,!ni!fleuristes,!ni!
cuisiniers,!ni!boulangers,!ni!poètes.!La!
mairie!est!dirigée!par!Quatreamainsaàa
l’ouvrage,!balayeur!municipal!qui!sauva!
l’île!des!incursions!de!TueaTueaPaona
Paon,!capitale!du!Grand!Continent.!Pour!
toute!information,!il!est!souhaitable!de!
consulter!les!périodiques,!Le.Charlatan,!
Le.Transigeant!ou!Les.Echos.de.la.
Caverne.et.de.La.caserne.des.Brigands.!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Jacques!
Prévert,!Lettre.des.îles.Baladar;!Paris,!1952!
!
!
COLLECTIVITY%1!I!am!of!the!opinion!
sem!ferir!a!eternidade.
that!my!life!belongs!to!the!whole!
community!and!as!long!as!I!live,!it!is!my!
privilege!to!do!for!it!whatever!I!can.!I!
want!to!be!thoroughly!used!up!when!I!
die,!for!the!harder!I!work!the!more!I!live.
!
!
Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden,!1854!
!
COMMON%PLACE
%
!
!
Tropical!the!island!breeze!
All!of!nature!wild!and!free!
This!is!where!I!long!to!be!
La!isla!bonita.
COLLECTIVITY!2!What!should!young!
Madonna,!“La!Isla!Bonita”,!True.Blue,!1987!
!
!
George!Bernard!Shaw!(unsourced)!
!
people!do!with!their!lives!today?!Many!
things,!obviously.!But!the!most!daring!
thing!is!to!create!stable!communities!in!
which!the!terrible!disease!of!loneliness!
can!be!cured.
!
!
Kurt!Vonnegut,!“Thoughts!of!a!Free!Thinker”!
commencement!address,!Hobart!and!William!
Smith!Colleges,!1974!
!
!
COLLECTIVITY!3%Our!business!here!is!
to!be!Utopian,!to!make!vivid!and!
credible,!if!we!can,!first!this!facet!and!
then!that,!of!an!imaginary!whole!and!
happy!world.
!
!
H.G.!Wells,!A.Modern.Utopia,!1905!
!
!
COMMEDAVANT,!autrefois,!île!de!
l’archipel!Baladar,!aujourd’hui!rattachée!
à!l’Europe.!Appelée!jadis!île!Sansalaa
20
!
! !
!
!
!
COMO%SE!pudésseis!matar!o!tempo!
!
!
screening.!Unfortunately,!any!plans!for!
such!an!event!were!scuppered!when!
police!arrived!with!an!official!notice!
from!on!high!and!set!up!surveillance!
teams!to!quash!any!illicit!viewing.
After!several!hours!of!beers,!cigarettes!
and!chatter,!festival!director!Wang!
Hongwei![…]!called!a!meeting!to!
announce!that!he!had!agreed!to!certain!
concessions!that!would!allow!the!
festival!to!go!ahead,!just!not!in!a!way!
actually!recognisable!as!a!festival:!
approved!persons!–!directors,!jury,!
invited!guests!–!can!sign!up!to!take!away!
DVDs!of!all!the!films!that!were!to!be!
screened!at!the!fest,!to!watch!in!their!
own!time.!They!can!then!return!to!
Songzhuang!to!take!part!in!the!already!
scheduled!discussions!and!lectures.!
However,!the!DVDs!may!not!be!watched!
by!fewer!than!two!people!or!more!than!
five.!The!movies!can!also!be!watched!on!
individual!computers!at!the!Li!Xianting!
Film!Foundation!.
This!is,!of!course,!a!triumph!for!the!
authorities,!for!whom!BIFF!always!
looked!too!much!like!an!uncontrollable!
hotbed!of!potential!sedition:!
unapproved!talk!about!unapproved!
films!by!unapproved!persons.![…]!The!
result,!however,!was!that!that!same!
community!pulled!together,!spreading!
the!weight!of!the!festival!by!screening!
films!in!homes,!studios!and!other!
private!spaces.![…]!The!subsequent!
'solution',!while!allowing!the!festival!to!
go!ahead!in!name,!has!the!desired!effect!
of!fragmenting!the!community,!forcing!it!
to!exist!as!a!sofaabound!diaspora!rather!
than!a!living,!organic!whole.
The!result!is!the!inevitable!conclusion!of!
years!of!pressure!that!had!already!
reduced!the!festival's!audience!to!a!core!
of!directors,!journalists,!screenwriters!
and!others!able!to!penetrate!the!inner!
circle!of!independent!Chinese!cinema!–!
excluding!those!without!the!knowledge!
or!connections!to!find!out!exactly!where!
and!when!screenings!would!be!available!
[…]!This,!of!course,!raises!the!question!
of!whether!it's!even!worth!persevering!
with!a!festival!that!cannot!actively!
promote!itself,!much!less!the!films!it!was!
set!up!to!support.!Or,!some!might!argue,!
!
!
!
COMMUNITY%Tenth!Beijing!
Independent!Film!Festival!(BIFF)!has!
been!cancelled!by!the!powers!that!be.!
Last!year!the!event!suffered!a!
mysterious!power!cut!during!its!opening!
film!that!the!authorities!ascribed!to!a!
completely!coincidental!accident.!This!
year,!immediately!after!the!opening!
ceremony!(pictured)!in!a!Songzhuang!
cafeacinema,!which!was!attended!by!
directors!from!as!far!afield!as!Iran!and!
Sweden,!the!assembled!crowd!were!
informed!that!the!planned!screenings!
would!not!be!taking!place!as!scheduled.
In!a!repeat!of!last!year's!event,!the!
crowd!dutifully!filed!over!to!the!nearby!
Li!Xianting!Film!Foundation,!newly!
rebuilt!with!a!threeastorey!screen,!for!
what!most!assumed!would!be!a!private!
!
!
!
!
!
!
this!makes!the!need!for!such!events!–!
however!compromised!–!even!more!
urgent.!It!remains!to!be!seen!whether!
the!festival!will!return!next!year,!and!if!
so!what!form!it!will!take.
!
!
James!Wilkinson,!“Bad!news!from!the!
beleaguered!film!fest”,!2013!
!
!
COMPLEMENTARITY!Russell!and!
Rivers!share!an!engagement!with!the!
history!of!ethnographic!film,!but!only!
inasmuch!as!the!critiques!of!its!
shortcomings!and!power!relations!have!
been!fully!internalized.
A.Spell.to.Ward.Off.the.Darkness!finds!
their!styles!melding!in!the!most!
fascinating!ways.!There!has!been!a!more!
reserved!attitude!in!many!of!Rivers’!
films,!a!desire!to!hang!back!with!patient!
curiosity,!which!is!distinct!from!
Russell’s!more!agitated!approach.!
What’s!more,!Russell’s!films!have!often!
favored!group!dynamics,!or!at!least!
individuals!losing!their!identities!in!
tandem;!Rivers!has!more!often!than!not!
worked!within!a!mode!of!solo!
portraiture.!The!resulting!collaboration!
is!a!dialectical!meld!of!these!tendencies.
!
!
!
Michael!Sicinski,!Cinema.Scope!56,!2013!
!
!
CONHECIMENTO!O!que!conheço!
melhor!é!a!sensação!de!não!conhecer!
realmente!as!coisas!e!gostaria!de!fazer!
um!filme!sobre!o!que!conheço!melhor.
!
!
André!Príncipe,!2011!
!
!
CONSTRUCTION!He![Kaczynski]!
hauled!lumber!and!plywood!in!an!old!
1954!dark!blue!Chevrolet!pickup!truck.!
He!built!a!10!x!12!foot!wood!frame!
structure!and!raised!it!by!himself.!He!
installed!a!woodstove!near!the!rear!of!
the!cabin!and!a!bit!to!the!left.!A!
bookshelf!ran!across!the!top!of!the!front!
and!two!sidewalls.!A!19ainch!square!
window!on!the!left!was!centered!from!
top!to!bottom!and!slightly!forward,!
another!of!the!same!size!on!the!right!
was!at!the!top!and!back.!The!front!door!
was!opposite!shelves!that!covered!the!
rear!wall.!There!was!no!electricity,!no!
plumbing!or!outhouse.!He!composted!
his!waste!and!siphoned!water!out!of!
21
!
Canyon!Creek.!He!planted!a!garden!and!
hunted!for!food.!
!
!
James!Benning,!“Twelve!people”,!(FC).Two.
Cabins.by.JB!,!2011!
!
%
CONTAR%En!la!película!que!Pedro!Costa!
hizo!sobre!Jean!Marie!Straub!,!este!
último!explica!que!la!forma!por!la!forma!
no!existe,!es!una!idea!chocando!con!una!
materia.!Eso!es!lo!que!genera!la!forma.!
En!mi!caso!no!sé!si!diría!que!es!más!
importante!la!manera!de!contar!que!lo!
que!se!cuenta,!pero!para!mí!como!
espectador!lo!más!importante!no!es!el!
tema!de!una!película.!Las!sinopsis!
suelen!ser!un!mal!resumen!de!esa!
película.!Se!suelen!referir!a!una!trama!y!
no!tanto!a!cómo!está!resuelta!esa!trama!
que!para!mi!es!realmente!lo!importante.!
Lo!que!lo!va!a!hacer!importante!es!esa!
perspectiva!del!director.!Cómo!se!ha!
decidido!contar.!
%
!
Eloy!Enciso!entrevistado!por!Jesús!Alarcón,!
“Conversamos!con!Eloy!Enciso”,!
www.400films.com,!2013!
!
!
CONTENT!As!the!film!collages!a!
portrait!from!various!cities,!stringing!
together!personal!stories!of!those!who!
find!themselves!on!the!flipside!of!
capitalism's!profiteers,!it!always!returns!
to!a!POV!shot!of!a!cargo!ship!at!sea!
stacked!high!with!shipping!containers.!
This!central!thread!of!a!shot!works!to!
physically!place!us!with!the!multia
colored!containers,!making!us!sit!and!
pass!time!next!to!them!above!the!depths!
of!the!seemingly!limitless!ocean!which!
doubles!as!a!metaphor!for!the!unknown,!
the!question!mark!that!Sekula!raises!to!
how!long!such!a!destructive!system!can!
be!sustained.!These!shots!are!
memorable!not!only!because!one!rarely!
encounters!so!many!shipping!containers!
in!their!daily!life,!but!even!when!they!
are!seen!in!movies,!they!are!ignored!for!
their!realaworld!content!and!are!instead!
used,!as!in!La.Havre!or!the!second!
season!of!The.Wire,!as!plot!devices!–!
mere!vessels!containing!smuggled!
refugees!or!prostitutes.!With!this!shot,!
Sekula!and!Burch!remind!us!that!the!
calm!orderliness!of!these!containers!
belies!the!destruction!they!wreak!on!the!
22
!
! !
!
world:!the!landscapes,!as!with!the!
Betuwe!railway!that!connects!
Rotterdam!with!Germany,!they!must!
tear!through!to!reach!consumers;!the!
laborers!that!are!exploited!for!there!to!
be!a!profit,!as!evidenced!by!one!
immigrant!Los!Angeles!truck!driver!who!
learns!that!his!$75K!salary!reduces!to!
under!$4!an!hour!after!monthly!
payments,!taxes,!and!fees;!and!the!
environment!they!imbalance!as!the!oil!
from!the!ships!is!hosed!off!into!the!
water,!acidifying!it.
!
!
Kalvin!Henely,!slantmagazine.com,!2012!
!
!
CONTINENT!No!man!is!an!island,!
entire!of!itself;!every!man!is!a!piece!of!
the!continent,!a!part!of!the!main.!If!a!
clod!be!washed!away!by!the!sea,!Europe!
is!the!less,!as!well!as!if!a!promontory!
were,!as!well!as!if!a!manor!of!thy!friend's!
or!of!thine!own!were:!any!man's!death!
diminishes!me,!because!I!am!involved!in!
mankind,!and!therefore!never!send!to!
know!for!whom!the!bells!tolls;!it!tolls!for!
thee.
!
!
John!Donne,!Devotions.upon.Emergent.Occasions,!
1624!
!
%
CONTORNO!Há!dois!dias!que!
acampamos!numa!mata!de!terra!firme.!
Encontrámos!um!lugar!alto!e!
suficientemente!perto!da!canoa!para!não!
a!perder!de!vista.!Se!acontecesse!alguma!
coisa!ao!Ártemis,!não!faço!a!mínima!
ideia!de!como!regressaria.!Estou!
perfeitamente!e!ontologicamente!
perdido.!Não!sei,!onde!fica,!onde!estou.!
As!terras!transformaramase!em!ilhas!
durante!as!cheias.!Parece!que!a!água!
nasceu!aqui,!nenhuma!corrente!indicia!
que!ela!transume,!e!a!complexidade!das!
margens!e!das!suas!circunvoluções!não!
me!deixa!perceber!o!seu!rumo.!Nesta!
contiguidade!movediça!da!água!e!da!
mata!em!equilíbrio,!existem!muitas!
transições!entre!a!terra!e!o!rio!:!várzea,!
igapó,!igarapé,!charco,!pântano,!lamaçal,!
aningal.!Não!se!sabe!exactamente!qual!
deles!contorna!o!outro,!se!ilha!rodeada!
de!água!ou!lago!rodeado!de!mata.
CONTRADICTIONS!If!Tahimik!is!as!
expert!at!recycling!found!film!objects!as!
he!is!with!automobiles,!he!is!also!
efficient!in!expressing!himself!with!
them.!In!a!typical!editing!joke!he!sits!in!a!
castle!window,!comparing!its!sturdiness!
with!his!own!family's!fragile!bamboo!
huts!–!then!blows!himself!out!of!the!
window.!Anxiety!and!confusion!are!
registered!with!a!vibrating!frame.!
None!of!this!is!subtle,!but!it!is,!thank!
God,!unpretentious.!And!punchyafunny,!
like!his!recognition!of!Westernastyle!
freedom:!“Liberté,!egalité,!fraternité,!
supermarché!”
His!ending,!composed!in!equal!parts!of!
whimsicality!and!stubbornness,!is!no!
more!a!political!or!social!answer!to!the!
problems!he!addresses!than!the!film's!
argument!is!a!narrowly!political!one.!
Rather!it's!one!artist's!rendering!of!a!
personal!journey!toward!understanding!
of!–!yes!–!contradictions.!This!is!the!kind!
of!thirdaworld!film!to!grind!a!dogmatist!
's!teeth!for!him.!
“I'm!not!as!little!as!you!think,”!he!grins!
at!the!end,!just!before!credits!in!which!
“mega!superstars”!–!national!figures!that!
show!up!on!found!footage!–!are!
graciously!listed!as!well!as!a!host!of!
friends!and!relatives.!Tahimik!convinces!
you!of!that,!just!as!he!convinces!you!
with!the!cheap!magic!of!movies!of!the!
felt!cultural!inferiority!in!
underdeveloped!countries.
!
!
!
!
!
Pat!Aufderheide,!“The!Joys!of!an!imperfect!Film”,!
In.These.Times,!1981!
!
!
CONTRAST!Black!and!white,!lines!and!
curves,!fishing!net!and!mobile!phone.!
The!man!is!looking!at!the!phone’s!screen!
and!appears!to!be!saying!something.!We!
can’t!hear!it.
!
!
!
!
Mattia!Denisse,!Logo.depois.da.vírgula,!2011!
!
!
!
!
!
!
%
%
CONTROL!is!not!discipline.!You!do!not!
confine!people!with!a!highway.!But!by!
making!highways,!you!multiply!the!
means!of!control.!I!am!not!saying!this!is!
the!only!aim!of!highways,!but!people!can!
travel!infinitely!and!“freely”!without!
being!confined!while!being!perfectly!
controlled.!That!is!our!future.
!
!
Gilles!Deleuze,!What.is.the.Creative.Act?,!1987!
!
!
COPYING!In!June!2008,!Benning!
finished!constructing!his!Kaczynski!
cabin!and!started!assembling!a!library!of!
more!than!one!hundred!titles!that!
combines!books!Kaczynski!read!or!
owned!with!books!that!Benning!was!
influenced!by!and!that!helped!to!focus!
his!philosophical!and!artistic!method!of!
looking!and!listening.!Mounted!on!the!
walls!of!both!cabins!are!copies!of!
paintings!by!“outsider”!artists,!also!
made!by!Benning.!He!began!copying!to!
learn!how!to!paint!and!turned!to!the!
work!of!artists!who!fascinated!him!in!
their!obsessive!pursuit!of!a!particular!
vision!in!order!to!better!understand!
their!ways!of!seeing!and!composing.![…]!
Selfataught!and!independent,!Benning!
feels!compelling!affiliations!with!the!
artists!he!copies,!with!their!extreme!
focus,!obsessive!methods,!and!the!ways!
in!which!their!works!reference!their!
lives.![…]!Reacreating!is!intimate.!
Learning!how!others!see!and!compose!
requires!suspending!one’s!subjectivity!
23
!
and!authorial!program!to!open!onto!
understanding.
!
!
Julie!Ault,!“Freedom!Club”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,!
2011!
!
!
CORPS%C’est!le!ballast!de!l’imaginaire!
social,!l’ultime!individualité!qui!cloue!
sur!place!les!strates!du!général!et!de!
l’abstrait,!de!l’universel!et!du!collectif.!
En!Occident,!le!dépérissement!collectif!
(corporate)!de!l’expérience!provoque!
cependant!une!frénésie!et!un!désespoir!
tels!que!les!grâces!promises!par!ce!qu’il!
reste!du!corps!sont!recherchées!avec!un!
acharnement!quasi!pathologique.!C’est!
ce!que!l’on!peut!appeler!la!réduction!au!
corps,!observable,!pour!ses!formes!les!
plus!symptomatiques,!dans!la!
pornographie!au!sens!strict!et!plus!
largement!dans!la!pornographie!de!la!
violence!–!à!condition!d’admettre,!para
delà!une!perspective!naïvement!
moralisante,!que!s’y!inscrivent!des!
vérités!historiques!profondes!
relativement!à!notre!expérience!sociale!
et!aux!caractéristiques!primordiales!de!
notre!relation!socialement!spécifique!à!
l’Être.
%
!
Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011!
!
!
COSMOS!1982!was!the!first!time!Asian!
films!were!invited!to!Japan.!Japan!
Foundation!sponsored!a!visit!by!12!
Asian!film!directors.!We!had!a!dinner!
with!Akira!Kurosawa!in!Hakone.!On!the!
tatami!mat!I!sat!beside!his!assistant,!Ms.!
Nogami,!who!worked!with!him!for!over!
30!years.!I!asked!him,!“Sensei,!when!I!
see!your!films!everything!is!so!wella
studied!and!planned!–!up!to!the!last!
button!of!the!samurai.!The!colors!of!the!
leaves,!one!feels!are!all!included!in!your!
production!design.!Do!you!ever!allow.the.
cosmos!to!bring!in!a!suggested!moment!
that's!not!in!the!script!or!art!design?”!
Kurosawa!reflected:,!“Hmm…!
sometimes,!I!consult!my!ancestors.”!I'm!
not!sure!what!he!meant.!Did!it!mean!
consulting!his!duende?!Every!time!after!
that,!when!I!meet!Ms.!Nogami,!she!
always!calls!me!Mr.!Cosmos.
[…]!When!you!work!with!the!cosmos,!
suddenly!you!get!ideas!for!how!to!treat!
some!visuals,!like!some!images!that!had!
24
!
!
!
! !
no!intention!of!being!in!the!film.!That's!
the!freedom!of!the!independent.!
Normally!when!you're!making!a!film,!it's!
almost!preaset,!what!elements!will!go!in!
–!so!it!will!have!“a!unified.structure.”!But!
for!me,!I!shoot!so!many!things!
impulsively,!that!once!I!start!editing!a!
film,!suddenly!there!is!an!imperative!for!
this!obscure!shot!to!come!in!here…!or!
there.!You!keep!juggling!until!you!find!
an!organic!flow.!You!don't!have!a!script,!
you!just!do!it!by!feel.!You're!surprised!
that!audiences!like!it.![…]!Yeah,!the.
unique.worldview!of!your!personal!
duende.frames!the!“unified!structure.”!It!
is!an!inner!urge!“my!story!has!got!to!be!
told/shared.”!So,!maybe!the!urgency!
isn't!that!strong!–!if!you!can't!let!go!of!
your!“film!school”!anchors.!The!rules!of!
the!game!(profit!formula)!puts!a!
straightjacket!on!your!duende’s!
storytelling.!Storywise!you!have!to!slay!
the!father.!What!would!“the!unified!
structure”!of!my!debut!film!Perfumed.
Nightmare!have!been!like!if!my!MBA!
frame!was!king:!the!only!good!film!is!a!
mallaable!film.
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!interviewed!by!Aily!Nash,!2012!
!
%
COUNTING!First,!you've!got!to!get!out!
of!the!cell.!Each!bar!has!six!hard!smaller!
bars!set!in!a!steel!tube!with!extra!steel!
poured!in.!And!there!ain't!no!way!to!
tunnel!out,!either.![…]!This!island!is!solid!
rock.!See!that!water?!It's!over!a!mile!
swim!to!land.!The!currents!make!it!seem!
like!10.!And!the!water's!so!cold!it!will!
numb!your!arms!in!minutes.!Even!if!you!
are!a!good!swimmer,!you!won't!have!
time!to!make!it.!There!are!12!counts!
every!day.!Sometimes!l!think!that's!all!
this!shit!hole!is,!one!long!count.
!
!
Escape.from.Alcatraz,!Don!Siegel,!1979!
!
!
CRACKS!That!the!filmmakers!did!shoot!
in!the!street!and!found!new!material!
during!production!speaks,!then,!to!the!
film's!overdetermined!ideas,!which!are!
thoughtaprovoking,!but,!as!noticeable!
during!a!scene!of!two!young!Chinese!
women!in!their!dormitory!in!Shenzhen,!
can!seem!out!of!touch!with,!or!to!
oversimplify,!the!images!they're!
commenting!on.!These!factory!workers!
are!visibly!content,!if!not!happy,!at!their!
place!in!life!which,!besides!allowing!
them!to!meet!basic!necessities,!affords!
them!to!go!shopping!on!their!days!off.!
The!film!wants!us!to!imagine!their!lives!
as!being!one!long!thankless!chore,!but!
there's!something!to!be!said!for!their!
smiles!that!the!film!ignores:!Call!it!
individual!experience!at!the!microlevel!
and!human!psychology.!It's!these!cracks!
in!the!film's!makeup!that!prove!the!
difficulty!of!matching!theory!to!reality,!
thought!with!image,!to!seamlessly!go!
from!the!controllable!qualities!of!still!
photos!and!text!to!moving!images!which!
can!be!harder!to!tame.
Pacho!Velez,!Pedro!Pinho,!Stephanie!
Spray
CONTRIBUTIONS!Aily!Nash,!Alex!Cassal,!
Ana!Eliseu,!Ben!Rivers,!Ben!Russell,!
Cynthia!Beatt,!Federico!Rossin,!Joana!
Frazão,!João!Amaral!Frazão,!Joaquim!
Pinto,!José!Manuel!Costa,!Luisa!Homem,!
Maria!João!Soares,!Nuno!Lisboa,!Pedro!
Pinho,!Rebecca!Baron
WITH!THE!COLLABORATTION!OF!Henrique!
Mourão,!Inês!Mestre,!Maria!João!Soares,
Nuno!Lisboa
WE!THANK!EVERYONE!ABOVE!AND!Antonio!
Rodrigues,!Filipe!Cavaco,!Isabel!Tomás,!
Joana!Gusmão,!Manuela!Sousa!Tavares,!
Raquel!Marques,!Rudolf!Thome,!Teresa!
Borges
!
!
!
!
Kalvin!Henely,!slantmagazine.com,!2012!
!
!
CRAFT%“1.!skill!esp.!in!practical!arts!2.!a!
boat!or!vessel!3.!cunning;!deceit!vt!to!
craft,!to!make!in!a!skillful!way”!–!The.
Oxford.Essential.Dictionary!(American!
Edition),!1998.
In!the!act!of!copying!by!hand!a!drawing!
of!a!manzanita!bush!rooted!in!a!hillside,!
the!copyist,!intent!on!every!detail,!soon!
gets!lost!inside!the!labor,!the!blind!
mimetic!trance!as!the!wood!inside!the!
paper!fades!back!into!the!outline!of!a!
tree,!and,!in!that!process!of!absorption,!
all!the!connotations!of!craft!come!into!
play:!humble!skill!and!cunning;!
dexterity,!accomplishment!and!
masterful!deceit.!God!and!Devil!both!are!
in!the!details.!Hand!and!eye!become!a!
single!vessel!sailing!on!a!surface!
towards!a!destination!that’s!been!
mapped!out!in!advance.
!
!
!
Dick!Hebdige,!“After!Benning,!after!Math:!12,!13!
and!counting….”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,!2011!
!
!
CREDITS!RESEARCH!AND!EDITING!Ana!
Eliseu,!Joana!Frazão
GRAPHIC!DESIGN!Joana!Frazão
DRAWINGS!Ana!Eliseu
ORIGINAL!TEXTS!André!Príncipe,!Ben!
Rivers,!Cynthia!Beatt,!João!Vladimiro,!
Joaquim!Pinto,!José!Manuel!Costa,!Kidlat!
Tahimik,!Luisa!Homem,!Nuno!Lisboa,!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
CUCO
%
Um!cuco
foge!ao!longe!–!e!ao!longe,
uma!ilha
!
!
!
Bashô!
!
Um!cuco
cuja!voz!se!arrasta
sobre!as!água
!
!
!
!
Issa!
Herberto!Helder,!O.Bebedor.Nocturno.–.poemas.
mudados.para.português,!2010!!
!
!
CULTUREDPRENO!Metaphor:!Preno!
(Spanish!word)!is!the!brakesasystem!
that!regulates!vehicle!speed!to!reach!
destination!safely.!Similarly!culture!is!
the!collective!energizer!(engine)!and!
safety!regulator!(brakes)!of!a!people!
whose!consensus!on!goals/!taboos!
developed!over!the!centuries.!Might!
global!cinema’s!addiction!to!boxaoffice!
formulas!be!eroding!culturally!the!
communal!brakes!to!consumer!greed?!
Have!Hollywood!S+V+P!themes!pumped!
air!into!the!brakeafluids!that!transmitted!
cultural!regulators?!Are!CNN’s!formula!
newscasts!focusing!on!gang!rapes!in!
India,!school!kids!massacre!in!Sandy!
Point,!mowing!down!of!Amazon!forests!
(yes,!green!massacres)!proof!of!faulty!
cultureaprenos!globally?
%
%
Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013!
!
!
25
!
des!myriades!de!tableaux:!madone!et!
son!bambin,!bijoux,!perroquets,!et!
silhouettes!humaines!qui!s’entremêlent!
comme!dans!les!danses!des!jeunes!filles!
du!Rhin.!Des!dessins!très!clairs!
s’impriment!sur!l’obscurité!absolue!de!
l’air!environnant,!telles!les!formes!
peintes!sur!les!fenêtres!par!la!gelée,!et!
puis!elles!disparaissent!à!nouveau!dans!
l’ombre.
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Alfred!
Jarry,!Gestes.et.Opinions.du.docteur.Faustroll,.
pataphysicien,!posth.,!Paris,!1911!
!
!
DESCONHECIDO%Enquanto!viajante,!
uma!das!coisas!mais!mágicas!e!
interessantes!é,!quando!o!comboio!
chega!a!um!sítio!onde!nunca!estivemos,!
não!saber!o!que!é!que!vem!a!seguir.!
Gostava!que!o!filme!pudesse!ter!essa!
qualidade,!a!inocência!e!a!energia!mais!
primordial!de!avançar!por!um!território!
desconhecido.
!
!
André!Príncipe,!2013!
!
!
!
DECISIONS!Modern!man!is!strapped!
down!by!a!network!of!rules!and!
regulations,!and!his!fate!depends!on!the!
actions!of!persons!remote!from!him!
whose!decisions!he!cannot!influence.!
[…]!The!result!is!a!sense!of!
powerlessness!on!the!part!of!the!
average!person.![…]
In!any!technologically!advanced!society!
the!individual's!fate!must!depend!on!
decisions!that!he!personally!cannot!
influence!to!any!great!extent.!A!
technological!society!cannot!be!broken!
down!into!small,!autonomous!
communities,!because!production!
depends!on!the!cooperation!of!very!
large!numbers!of!people!and!machines.!
Such!a!society!must!be!highly!organized!
and!decisions!have!to!be!made!that!
affect!very!large!numbers!of!people.!
When!a!decision!affects,!say,!a!million!
people,!then!each!of!the!affected!
individuals!has,!on!the!average,!only!a!
oneamillionth!share!in!making!the!
decision.!What!usually!happens!in!
practice!is!that!decisions!are!made!by!
public!officials!or!corporation!
!
26
!
executives,!or!by!technical!specialists,!
but!even!when!the!public!votes!on!a!
decision!the!number!of!voters!ordinarily!
is!too!large!for!the!vote!of!any!one!
individual!to!be!significant.!Thus!most!
individuals!are!unable!to!influence!
measurably!the!major!decisions!that!
affect!their!lives.!Their!is!no!conceivable!
way!to!remedy!this!in!a!technologically!
advanced!society.!The!system!tries!to!
“solve”!this!problem!by!using!
propaganda!to!make!people!want!the!
decisions!that!have!been!made!for!them,!
but!even!if!this!“solution”!were!
completely!successful!in!making!people!
feel!better,!it!would!be!demeaning.
!
!
Theodore!J.!Kaczynski,!Industrial.Society.and.Its.
Future,!1995!
!
!
DENTELLES,%PAYS%DE!Royaume!
insulaire,!à!quelques!heures!de!l’île!de!
Her.!A!son!approche,!le!navigateur!est!
quasi!aveugle!par!une!lumière!
éblouissante!et!pure,!plaquée!sur!les!
ténèbres!en!un!contraste!autrement!plus!
violent!qu’au!jour!de!la!création.!Avec!
cette!lumière,!le!roi!de!Dentelles!tisse!
DESCRIÇÃO!Aqui,!e!por!toda!a!ilha,!as!
árvores!são!verdes!e!as!ervas!também,!
como!no!mês!de!abril,!em!Andaluzia.!O!
canto!dos!passarinhos!é!tal!que!
pareceria!homem!nenhum!daqui!
quisesse!partir.!Os!bandos!de!papagaios!
obscurecem!o!sol.!Pássaros!e!
passarinhos!são!de!tantas!espécies!dos!
nossos,!que!é!uma!maravilha
!
.
Cristóvão!Colombo,!A.Descoberta.da.América,.
Diário.de.bordo,!1493!
!
!
DESCRIPTION%“I!speak!and!speak,”!
Marco!says,!“but!the!listener!retains!only!
the!words!he!is!expecting.!The!
description!of!the!world!to!which!you!
lend!a!benevolent!ear!is!one!thing;!the!
description!that!will!go!the!rounds!of!the!
groups!of!stevedores!and!gondoliers!on!
the!street!outside!my!house!the!day!of!
my!return!is!another,!that!which!I!might!
dictate!late!in!life,!if!I!were!taken!
prisioner!by!Genoese!pirates!and!put!in!
irons!in!the!same!cell!with!a!writer!of!
adventure!stories.!It!is!not!the!voice!that!
commands!the!story:!it!is!the!ear.”
!
!
Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972!
!
!
DESEJO!Pela!cena!que!acompanhava!de!
seu!camarote,!e!das!espécies,!de!que!
encontrara!testemunho!no!navio,!seria!
talvez!o!Éden,!onde!nos!riachos!fluem!
leite!e!mel,!um!triunfo!abundante!de!
frutas!e!animais!pacíficos?!Mas,!se!assim!
fosse,!não!seria!talvez!renovar!o!erro!do!
primeiro!pecador,!ao!querer!violar!a!
virgindade!da!ilha?!Talvez,!justamente,!a!
providência!quisera!que!ele!fosse!uma!
casta!testemunha!de!uma!beleza!que!
jamais!deveria!ter!perturbado.!Não!era!
essa!a!manifestação!do!amor!mais!
perfeito,!como!o!que!professava!à!sua!
senhora:!amar!de!longe,!renunciando!ao!
orgulho!de!seu!domínio?!É!amor,!o!amor!
que!aspira!à!conquista?!Se!a!ilha!devia!
confundirase!com!o!objeto!de!seu!amor,!
ambos!eram!merecedores!da!mesma!
reserva…!E!à!mesma!castidade!sentirasea
ia!obrigado!com!relação!à!ilha!que,!
quanto!mais!desejava,!cheia!de!
promessas,!tanto!menos!desejaria!tocáa
la.!Longe!da!senhora,!longe!da!ilha,!de!
ambas!poderia!apenas!falar,!querendoa
as!imaculadas,!a!fim!de!que!imaculadas!
pudessem!conservarase,!tocadas!apenas!
pelas!carícias!dos!elementos.
!
!
Umberto!Eco,!A.Ilha.do.Dia.Anterior,!1994!
!
!
DETOURS!In!the!summer!of!1976,!I!
invited!Herzog!to!the!editing!room!to!
view!Perfumed.Nightmare.!He!was!
pleasantly!surprised!at!my!unorthodox!
crude!cutanapaste:!literally!cut!celluloid!
strip!and!glue!it!to!the!next.!But!Herzog!
said!I!had!to!work!a!bit!more!on!it.!I!was!
particularly!unsure!about!that!sequence!
where!I!visit!Germany!and!encounter!
the!onion!tower!and!the!pregnant!Baviaa
rian!lass!(my!wife,!Katrin.)!Everyone!I’d!
shown!the!workainaprogress!to!agreed!I!
must!edit!out!the!scene:!“Yeah,!we!know!
you're!a!new!father!and!you!want!to!
include!your!new!baby!in!the!film.”!They!
found!it!cute,!but!were!all!telling!me!
throw!out!the!scene.!When!I!told!Herzog!
I!was!insecure!about!that!sequence!he!
said,!“Ahh,!Kidlat,!you.are.best.at.your.
detours!”!So!I!kept!the!scene.!Ever!since!
then!I!became!brave!about!my!cultural!
whims!and!duende.detours.
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!interviewed!by!Aily!Nash,!2012!
!
!
!
!
27
!
DIGRESSION%Since!I!was!a!kid,!I’ve!had!
trouble!with!determining!“the!main!
idea”.!I!always!go!for!details,!
digressions,!tangents,!the!edges!of!the!
frame.!When!it!comes!to!documentary,!
the!moment!I!start!to!tell!the!tale,!I!can’t!
bear!what!I’m!leaving!out.!I!think!I!have!
a!particular!relationship!to!documentary!
having!a!background!working!as!an!
editor!for%Pennebaker.!Direct!cinema!is!
highly!constructed!to!mask!its!
construction!–!to!give!the!viewer!a!sense!
of!being!there!and!of!real!time.!In!some!
ways!my!work!responds!to!that!
experience.!Of!course!as!an!editor,!I!
would!see!all!of!the!footage!and!then!
have!to!pare!it!down!to!this!fraction!of!
the!whole.!I!was!always!so!interested!in!
what!was!being!left!out.
%
!
do!que!fraqueza,!mas!reparei!que!sentia!
dificuldade!em!andar!sem!o!apoio!do!
bordão.!Trocámos!palavras!de!que!não!
guardo!já!nenhuma!ideia.!Por!fim,!disse:!
a!Não!tenho!lar!e!durmo!onde!calha.!Já!
corri!toda!a!Saxónia.!
Convinham!à!sua!velhice!tais!palavras.!O!
meu!pai!falava!muito!da!Saxónia;!agora!
as!pessoas!dizem!Inglaterra.!
Eu!tinha!pão!e!peixe.!Durante!o!jantar!
não!falámos.!Começou!a!chover.!No!chão!
de!terra!instaleialhe!a!enxerga!com!umas!
peles!onde!o!meu!irmão!tinha!morrido.!
Ao!cair!da!noite!adormecemos.!
Quando!chegou!o!dia,!saímos!de!casa.!A!
chuva!terminara!e!a!terra!estava!coberta!
de!neve!recente.!Caiualhe!o!bordão!e!
ordenouame!que!o!apanhasse.!
a!Por!que!heiade!obedecerate?!–!disse!eu.!
a!Porque!sou!um!rei!–!foi!a!resposta.!
Julgueiao!louco.!Apanhei!o!bordão!e!
entregueialho.!
Falou!com!uma!voz!muito!nítida.!
a!Sou!rei!dos!Secgens.!Em!duras!batalhas!
conduziaos!à!vitória,!muitas!vezes,!mas!
quando!soou!a!hora!do!destino!perdi!o!
meu!reino.!Chamoame!Isern!e!sou!da!
estirpe!de!Odin.!
a!Não!venero!Odin!–!respondi.!–!Venero!
Cristo.!
Como!se!não!me!tivesse!ouvido,!
continuou:
a!Ando!pelos!caminhos!do!desterro,!mas!
sou!o!rei!porque!tenho!o!disco.!Queres!
vêalo?!
Abriu!a!palma!da!mão!que!eraaossuda.!
Nada!tinha!dentro.!Estava!vazia.!E!só!
então!reparei!que!a!conservara!sempre!
fechada.!
Olhouame!fixamente,!e!disse:
a!Podes!tocaralhe.!
Já!um!pouco!receoso,!na!palma!da!mão!
pusalhe!a!ponta!dos!meus!dedos.!Senti!
uma!coisa!fria!e!vi!um!brilho!qualquer.!
Depois!a!mão!fechouase,!de!repente.!Eu!
nada!disse!e!o!outro!continuou!cheio!de!
paciência,!como!se!estivesse!a!falar!com!
uma!criança.!
a!É!de!ouro?!–!perguntei.!
a!Não!sei.!É!o!disco!de!Odin!e!só!tem!um!
lado.!
Cobicei!aquele!disco,!então.!Se!fosse!meu!
poderia!vendêalo!por!uma!barra!de!ouro!
e!ser!rei.!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes!
“The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema.
And.Photography,!2008!
!
!
!
!
DISCO!Sou!lenhador.!O!nome!não!
importa.!A!cabana!onde!nasci!e!em!
breve!heiade!morrer!fica!na!orla!do!
bosque.!O!bosque,!ao!que!dizem,!
estendease!até!ao!mar!que!rodeia!a!terra!
e!por!ele!fora!existem!casas!de!madeira!
iguais!à!minha.!Não!sei;!nunca!as!vi.!Nem!
mesmo!o!outro!lado!do!bosque.!Quando!
éramos!pequenos,!o!meu!irmão!mais!
velho!fezame!jurar!que!arrasaríamos!
ambos!o!bosque!inteiro,!até!não!restar!
uma!só!árvore.!O!meu!irmão!morreu!e!
agora!procuro!e!continuo!a!procurar!
uma!coisa!diferente.!Corre!para!Oeste!
um!riacho!onde!sei!pescar!à!mão.!No!
bosque!há!lobos!mas!não!me!
atemorizam,!os!lobos,!e!o!meu!machado!
nunca!me!foi!infiel.!Perdi!a!conta!aos!
anos!que!tenho.!Sei!que!são!muitos.!Os!
meus!olhos!já!não!vêem.!Na!aldeia,!
aonde!agora!não!vou!porque!havia!de!
perderame,!tenho!fama!de!avarento.!Mas!
o!que!pode!ter!amealhado!um!lenhador?
A!porta!da!minha!casa!fechoaa!com!uma!
pedra!para!a!neve!não!entrar.!Uma!tarde!
ouvi!passos!cautelosos!e!logo!a!seguir!
uma!pancada.!Abri!e!entrou!um!
desconhecido.!Era!um!homem!alto!e!
velho,!envolto!numa!manta!puída.!
Cruzavaalhe!a!cara!uma!cicatriz.!Os!anos!
pareciam!teralhe!dado!mais!autoridade!
!
28
!
! !
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Disseao!àquele!vagabundo,!que!ainda!
hoje!odeio:!
a!Na!cabana!tenho!escondida!uma!caixa!
de!moedas.!São!de!ouro!e!brilham!tanto!
como!este!machado.!Se!me!deres!o!disco,!
douate!a!caixa.!
Respondeu!teimosamente:
a!Não!quero.!
a!Então!podes!continuar!o!teu!caminho!–!
disse!eu.!
Voltouame!as!costas.!Uma!só!machadada!
na!nuca!chegou!e!sobrou!para!ele!vacilar!
e!cair,!mas!quando!o!fez!abriu!a!mão!e!vi!
um!brilho!pelo!ar.!Com!o!machado!
marquei!bem!aquele!sítio!e!arrastei!o!
morto!até!um!ribeiro!que!corria,!muito!
alto.!Uma!vez!lá,!atireiao!à!água.!
De!volta!para!casa!procurei!o!disco!e!não!
o!encontrei.!Há!anos!que!o!procuro.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Jorge!Luis!Borges,.“O!disco”,!1975!
!
!
DISTÂNCIA%JUSTA!
Sandro!Aguilar:!A!distância!justa!tem!a!
ver!com!um!lado!qualquer!de!não!
intrusão!porque!há!um!pudor!estético,!
ou!tem!a!ver!com!a!construção!de!um!
lugar!de!conforto!para!ti!que!estás!a!
fotografar?!
André!Principe:!Nem!uma!coisa!nem!
outra.!A!distância!justa!é!uma!coisa!
totalmente!existencial,!não!tem!nada!de!
estético,!quer!dizer,!a!resolução!é!
estética,!mas!é!relacional,!e!é!o!que!eu!
sei!das!coisas,!o!que!eu!conheço!das!
coisas,!e!o!que!eu!sei!acerca!de!mim,!o!
que!eu!estou!a!sentir,!e!o!que!as!coisas!
sabem!de!mim,!e!todo!este!fluxo,!é!o!
fluxo!entre!todas!as!coisas,!é!o!sítio!onde!
tu!estás,!uma!espécie!de!ordem!cósmica.!
Eu!posso!querer!muito!estar!perto!de!
alguém!e!tirar!uma!fotografia!demasiado!
perto,!porque!é!assim!que!eu!me!sinto,!e!
estou!a!responder!não!à!pessoa,!mas!ao!
meu!desejo!de!estar!perto.
SA:!Demasiado!perto,!tecnicamente?!A!
distância!certa!para!que!fique!bem!ou…?
AP:!As!duas,!não!vejo!diferença,!não!há!
diferença,!o!que!é!bem?,!focado?!É!igual.!
De!que!estamos!a!falar?!Forma!e!
conteúdo?!É!a!mesma!coisa.!
SA:!Mas!pode!ser!a!distância!em!relação!
ao!objecto!–!fotografia,!ou!a!ti,!e!apesar!
de!tudo!pode!haver!uma!diferença!aí,!
embora!tu!ontologicamente!possas!
!
achar!que!é!a!mesma!coisa!quando!estás!
a!produzir,!podem!ser!coisas!diferentes.!
AP:!Isso!é!o!que!eu!quero!dizer!com!
distância!justa!!A!distância!justa!é!a!que!
carrega!a!tua!relação!com!tudo!à!tua!
volta,!tudo!o!que!existe!para!dentro!da!
imagem…!há!também!uma!dimensão!
temporal,!não!é!só!espacial,!essa!
distância!é!também!o!momento…!é!o!
tempo!e!o!espaço!que!se!vão!exprimir.!A!
distância!vai!mudando,!tu!vais!
fotografando!mais!para!que!a!distância!
seja,!não!vou!dizer!mais!próxima,!para!
estar!mais!próximo!das!coisas,!porque!
próxima!não!é!necessariamente!a!
distância!justa![risos],!pode!até!ser!para!
estar!mais!longe,!vais!continuando!a!
fotografar!para!que!a!distância!mude,!e!
no!fundo!a!velhice!é!isso!e!o!
apaziguamento!com!a!morte!é!isso.!A!
morte!é!uma!coisa!natural.!Quando!tu!te!
revoltas!com!a!ideia!de!que!vais!morrer,!
ou!não!queres!morrer,!a!que!distância!
estás!das!coisas?!Talvez!não!a!distância!
certa.!
!
!
!
Uma!conversa!entre!André!Principe!e!Sandro!
Aguilar,!2012!!
!
!
DIVISION!Two!slim!palm!trees!draw!a!
line!that!divides!the!frame!vertically.!In!
the!back,!a!yellow!bulldozer!with!a!red!
stripe,!working!on!a!desertalike!
yellowish!soil.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
DOCTOR%MOREAU’S%ISLAND,!also!
known!as!Noble’s!Island,!in!the!region!of!
29
!
latitude!5°3’!south!and!longitude!101°!
west,!is!a!small,!low,!volcanic!island!
covered!with!thick!vegetation,!chiefly!
palm!trees.!The!beaches!of!dull!grey!
sand!slope!steeply!up!to!a!ridge!about!
sixty!to!seventy!feet!above!sea!level.!On!
the!other!side!of!the!ridge,!a!stream!runs!
through!a!narrow!valley!towards!the!
interior.!To!the!north,!the!traveller!will!
find!a!small!hotaspring;!to!the!south,!a!
charred!forest!and!a!yellowish!swamp!
which!exudes!a!pungent!vapour.!
Noble’s!Isle!was!visited!for!the!first!time!
in!1867!by!Dr.!Moreau,!an!English!
biologist!who,!with!his!assistant!
Montgomery,!established!a!camp!here!
for!scientific!research.!A!chronicle!of!Dr.!
Moreau’s!investigations!and!of!the!
history!of!the!island!was!set!down!by!a!
Mr.!Edward!Prendick!and!published!by!
his!nephew,!Charles.!
Though!no!information!is!available!
about!the!island’s!present!state!of!
habitation,!it!is!known!to!have!provided!
a!residence!to!both!a!tribe!of!Kanakas!
Indians!(also!found!in!New!Caledonia)!
and!a!group!of!creatures!known!as!the!
AnimalaMen.!Somewhat!in!the!reversed!
tradition!of!Circe!the!AnimalaMen!–!bulla
men,!lionamen,!apeamen,!and!so!on!–!
were!beasts!that!the!doctor!tried!to!
transform!into!men!but!never!quite!
succeeded.!Though!some!were!gifted!
with!speech,!these!beasts!have!reverted!
to!their!animal!condition;!visitors!are!
advised!to!be!on!the!lookaout!for!them,!
as!an!encounter!with!any!of!these!
creatures!may!not!be!an!agreeable!
experience.!
Edward!Prendick!discovered,!after!
having!made!their!acquaintance!on!
Noble’s!Isle,!that!when!he!returned!to!
England!he!found!that!many!of!his!own!
countrymen,!though!apparently!normal,!
reminded!him!of!the!AnimalaMen.!
Prowling!women!would!mew!after!him,!
pale!workers!with!tired!eyes!like!
wounded!deer!would!cough!at!him,!old!
people!would!make!him!think!of!apea
men.!Particularly!nauseating!were!the!
blank,!expressionless!faces!of!people!on!
trains!and!buses.!It!is!not!unlikely,!in!
fact,!that!some!of!the!AnimalaMen!
!
!
!
30
!
! !
!
escaped!Noble’s!Isle!and!now!live!
abroad.!
Should!the!visitor!be!a!beast!himself!and!
therefore!susceptible!to!transformation!
(even!though!it!is!almost!certain!that!
both!Dr.!Moreau!and!his!assistant!are!no!
longer!alive),!he!will!find!it!useful!to!
learn!the!island’s!law.!It!is!as!follows:!
“Not!to!go!on!all!fours,!not!to!suck!up!
drink;!not!to!eat!flesh!or!fish;!not!to!claw!
the!bark!of!trees;!not!to!chase!other!
men.”!However,!visitors!must!be!warned!
that!the!transformation!is!said!to!be!
terribly!painful.!Indeed,!the!building!in!
which!these!operations!took!place!is!
known!as!the!House!of!Pain.
!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!H.G.!
Wells,!The.Island.of.Doctor.Moreau,!London,!
1896!
!
!
DOMANDE%Con!lui!abbiamo!parlato!di!
tante!cose.!Dell’esercito,!dei!rapporti!tra!
le!persone,!dell’amore!per!l’arte,!la!
natura…!erano!tutte!domande…!Non!
c’era!nessuna!riposta!pronta,!nelle!
nostre!conversazioni.!Aleksandr!
Nikolaevic!non!esprimeva!spesso!le!sue!
opinioni,!piuttosto!ascoltava!le!mie.!E!le!
domande!restavano.!Le!questioni!non!
dobbiamo!porcele,!se!non!vogliamo!
soffrire.!Alcune!domande!restano!
insolute!a!tutt'oggi:!e!riguardano!i!
rapporti!tra!le!persone!e!il!difficile!
equilibrio!tra!il!potere!e!i!rapporti!
umani.!Io!sono!un!comandante,!nel!film!
ero!un!comandante!di!poco!conto,!ma!
adesso!sono!salito!di!grado.!Ho!molti!
sottoposti.!Come!conservare!la!propria!
dignità,!come!restare!una!persona!
normale!senza!sprofondare!
nell'arroganza,!nell'atteggiamento!
militaresco!e!così!via:!questa!è!una!
domanda!che!non!ha!ancora!trovato!una!
risposta.!Mi!piaceva!il!suo!rapporto!con!
la!natura,!con!l'arte…!All'epoca!ci!
riflettevo!poco.!Ma!poi!ho!cominciato!a!
camminare!per!strada!con!gli!occhi!
aperti,!anche!sul!lavoro!…!Prima!
camminavo!e!basta:!testa!bassa!e!via;!
arrivavo!fino!all'ufficio!o!fino!alla!nave!
senza!vedere!nulla.!Poi!gli!occhi!mi!si!
sono!aperti,!ho!cominciato!a!guardare.!
Guardavo!i!tramonti,!la!natura,!è!stata!
una!grande!scoperta.!E,!in!sostanza,!è!
stato!lui!ad!aprirmi!gli!occhi.!Ho!
cominciato!a!fantasticare,!a!sognare.!
Nella!mia!cabina,!in!mare,!
m’immaginavo!alte!foreste,!mi!figuravo!
cose!molto!piacevoli!…!Prima!pensavo!
solo!al!lavoro,!ero!una!persona!chiusa.!
Forse,!anche!prima!pensavo,!ma!non!in!
modo!così!chiaro,!consapevole.!
%
!
Sergej!Bakaj,!“Una!voce!solitariaaaltre!voci!“,!
Aleksandr.Sokurov:.eclissi.di.cinema,!2003!
!
!
DURAÇÃO!O!trajecto!do!filme!oscila!de!
forma!perfeitamente!equilibrada!e!
natural!entre!a!observação!da!vida!local!
e!as!discussões!internas!ao!grupo!sobre!
essa!vida!e!sobre!a!evolução!do!contacto!
com!ela.!E,!como!dissemos,!a!
complexidade!e!a!riqueza!de!sentido!são!
produtos!do!tempo,!os!horizontes!vãoase!
alargando!(tanto!para!os!elementos!do!
grupo!como!para!nós,!espectadores)!à!
medida!que!o!tempo!escorre,!fazendo!da!
própria!duração!do!filme!um!elemento!
decisivo.![…]!Centremoanos!aqui!nesse!
lado!temporal,!e!nessa!atenção!ao!
próprio!desenrolar!das!coisas,!que!ele!
sim,!mais!do!que!qualquer!efeito!
fotográfico!ou!pitoresco!(que!afinal!não!
existe),!faz!desta!película!um!dos!belos!
momentos!deste!ciclo.!E!neste!ponto,!
lembremos!aquilo!que!muitos!terão!já!
notado!como!evidente!relação!com!a!
história!do!cinema:!a!presença!do!
Murnau!de!Tabu!e,!mais!ainda,!muito!
mais!ainda,!a!do!Flaherty!com!quem!esse!
outro!filme!fora!iniciado,!o!mesmo!
Flaherty!que!em!1923!partira!também!
para!os!mares!do!Sul!e!aí!tinha!realizado!
a!sua!segunda!obra,!a!que!este!grupo!de!
Thome!presta!directa!homenagem!
através!do!nome!da!entidade!produtora!
(Moana).!Se!bem!que!a!presença!deste!
passado!não!exista!como!referência!a!
decifrar,!e!se!bem!que!Thome!não!
pareça!gostar!de!limitar!as!suas!
associações!cinéfilas!a!esses!autores,!há!
de!facto!aqui!uma!homenagem!nítida!e!
uma!sombra!constante.!O!confronto!de!
culturas!e!a!destruição!do!Costume!
remeteanos!de!imediato!para!os!temas!
dessas!obras,!e!para!o!próprio!confronto!
MurnauaFlaherty!que!estalou!na!
!
!
!
realização!de!Tabu.![…]!E,!de!facto,!o!
resultado!obtido!por!Thome!parece!
dirigirase!sobretudo!ao!olhar!flahertiano!
que!restou!nesse!Tabu,!ou!seja,!parece!
repetir!a!fuga!de!Murnau!(dos!estúdios!
alemães!e!hollywoodianos),!saltando!por!
cima!das!suas!próprias!raízes!e!logrando!
o!entendimento!que!este!sonhou!mas!
não!conseguiu,!com!um!dos!grandes!
precursores!do!realismo!
cinematográfico.![…]!Neste!filme!de!
Thome,!como!em!Flaherty,!a!força!do!
momento!não!deriva!tanto!de!um!
qualquer!esforço!construtor,!ou!de!uma!
montagem!significante.!Deriva,!isso!sim,!
do!trabalho!de!acompanhamento!total!e!
paciente!de!uma!acção,!reproduzindoa
lhe!não!só!o!lado!de!acção,!mas!
justamente!de!duração.!A!essência!é,!
podemos!dizêalo,!o!próprio!tempo,!e!é!
sobretudo!este!tempo!que!nos!fascina!
nesta!lindíssima!Descrição.de.uma.ilha.
!
!
José!Manuel!Costa,!Folha!da!Cinemateca!sobre!
Descrição.de.uma.Ilha,!1981!
!
!
DUWENDE,%MY%INNER!Noun:!“The!
Force”!within!each!artist;!that!inner!
creative!dynamo;cum;unique;worldview!
which!spurs!the!painter,!writer,!
musician,!filmmaker…!Our.Duwende!
POV!is!shaped!by!1)!unique!personal!
circumstances!(e.g.!parents,!school,!
childhood!experiences,!first!love,!early!
traumas,!mentors!etc.)!and!2)!by!
cultural!milieu!where!one!grew!up!in,!
e.g.!grew!up!in!a!tribal!village!or,!bred!in!
a!countryaclub!society?;!raised!in!a!
machoadominated…!or,!reared!in!an!
amazonaled!commune…?!Such!
combination!of!cultural!juices!affect!how!
my.duwende!frames!the!world!–!the!way!
I!make!films!or!how!I!interpret!films;!
whether!I’m!a!bourgeois!conformer!or,!a!
rebel!who!refuses!to!be!usurped!by!the!
formula!establishment;!whether!I!am!
xenophobe!or!homophobe.!We!have!to!
cultivate!our!Indies!personal!duwende!
to!make!films!creatively!relevant!in!this!
world.
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013!
!
!
31
!
!
ÉDEN!Calmo,!magnificamente!fecundo,!
corria!ele,!o!nobre!rio!do!Paraíso,!por!
entre!as!ilhas,!quase!afundadas!sob!o!
peso!do!rijo!arvoredo.!todas!fragrantes,!
e!atroadas!pelo!clamor!das!catatuas.!E!
Adão,!trotando!pesadamente!pela!
margem!baixa,!já!sente!a!atracção!das!
águas!disciplinadas!que!andam!e!vivem!
–!essa!atracção!que!será!tão!forte!nos!
seus!filhos,!quando!no!rio!descobrirem!o!
bom!servidor!que!dessaltera,!estruma,!
rega,!mói!e!acarreta.!Mas!quantos!
terrores!especiais!ainda!o!arrepiam,!o!
atiram!com!espavoridos!pulos!para!o!
abrigo!dos!salgueiros!e!dos!choupos!!
Noutras!ilhas,!de!areia!fina!e!rosada,!
preguiçam!pedregosos!crocodilos,!
achatados!sobre!o!ventre,!que!arfam!
molemente,!escancarando!as!fundas!
goelas!na!tépida!preguiça!da!tarde,!
embebendo!todo!o!ar!com!um!cheirinho!
de!almíscar.!Por!entre!os!canaviais,!
coleiam!e!refulgem!gordas!cobrasa
d’água,!de!colo!alteado,!que!fitam!Adão!
com!furor,!dardejando!e!silvando.!E!para!
nosso!Pai,!que!nunca!as!avistara,!
certamente!seriam!pavorosas!as!
32
!
tartarugas!imensas!desse!começo!do!
Mundo,!pastando,!com!arrastada!
mansidão,!através!dos!prados!novos.!
Mas!uma!curiosidade!o!atrai,!quase!
resvala!na!riba!lodosa,!onde!a!franja!de!
água!roça!e!marulha.!Na!largueza!do!rio!
espraiado,!uma!longa!e!negra!fila!de!
auroques,!serenamente,!com!os!cornos!
altos!e!a!espessa!barba!a!flutuar,!nada!
para!a!outra!margem,!campina!coberta!
de!louras!messes!onde!talvez!já!
amaduram!as!espigas!sociáveis!do!
centeio!e!do!milho.!Nosso!Pai!venerável!
olha!a!fila!lenta,!olha!o!rio!lustroso,!
concebe!o!enevoado!desejo!de!também!
atravessar!para!aqueles!longes!em!que!
as!ervas!rebrilham,!e!arrisca!a!mão!na!
corrente!–!na!rija!corrente!que!lha!
repuxa,!como!para!o!atrair!e!iniciar.!Ele!
grunhe,!arranca!a!mão!–!e!segue,!com!
ásperas!patadas,!esmagando,!sem!
mesmo!lhes!sentir!o!perfume,!os!frescos!
morangos!silvestres!que!ensanguentam!
a!relva…!Em!breve!pára,!considerando!
um!bando!de!aves!alcandoradas!numa!
penedia!toda!riscada!de!guanos,!que!
espreitam,!com!o!bico!atento,!para!
baixo,!onde!as!águas!apertadas!refera
vem.!Que!espreitam!elas,!as!brancas!
garças?!Lindos!peixes!em!cardume,!que!
rompem!contra!a!levada,!e!pulam,!
lampejando!nas!espumas!claras.!E!
bruscamente,!num!desabrido!abanar!de!
asas!brancas,!uma!garça,!depois!outra,!
fende!o!céu!alto,!levando,!atravessado!
no!bico,!um!peixe!que!se!estorce,!reluz.!
Nosso!Pai!venerável!coça!a!ilharga.!A!sua!
crassa!gula,!entre!aquela!abundância!do!
rio,!também!apetece!uma!presa:!e!atira!a!
garra,!colhe,!no!seu!voo!soante,!cascudos!
insectos!que!farisca!e!trinca.!Mas!nada!
certamente!assombrou!o!primeiro!
homem!como!um!grosso!tronco!de!
árvore!meio!apodrecido,!que!boiava,!
descia!na!corrente,!levando!sentados!
numa!ponta,!com!segurança!e!graça,!
dois!bichos!sedosos,!louros,!de!focinho!
esperto,!e!fofas!caudas!vaidosas.!Para!os!
seguir,!os!observar,!ansiosamente!
correu,!enorme!e!desengonçado.!E!os!
seus!olhos!faiscavam,!como!se!já!
compreendesse!a!malícia!daqueles!dois!
bichos,!embarcados!num!toro!de!árvore,!
e!viajando,!sob!a!macia!frescura!da!
tarde,!no!rio!do!Paraíso.
EMBODIED%KNOWLEDGE!Think!
Eça!de!Queiroz,!Adão.e.Eva.no.Paraíso,!
1897
our!ambitions!with!A.Spell:!to!produce!a!
cinema!of!embodiment!and!
transformation,!one!that!affects!viewers!
in!a!present!specific!to!the!time/space!
that!unfolds!between!projector!and!
screen.!I’ve!had!enough!visceral!
experiences!of/through!both!
experimental!and!more!commercially!
oriented!media!to!propose!that!such!a!
thing!is!indeed!totally!possible.!But!
neither!of!us!wants!to!create!such!a!state!
if!it!means!leaving!a!cultural!or!political!
framework!behind.
The!kind!of!radical!pleasure!that!
transcendence!provides!is!really!only!
meaningful!if!it!happens!in!relation!to!
concept,!in!relation!to!a!body!that!is!not!
our!own.!It!is!vital!to!lose!oneself,!but!it!
is!equally!important!to!find!oneself!
again,!to!be!able!to!rediscover!our!Self!in!
relation!to!another!Self—be!it!social,!
natural,!etc.!The!last!third!of!A.Spell.is!a!
fairly!strident!declaration!of!this.!We!
don’t!want!to!merely!overwhelm!our!
subjects.!We!want!to!return!them!to!
themselves.!And!then!we!want!to!do!it!
about!the!visual!landscape!you!live!in,!
the!sounds!of!the!city!that!become!your!
soundtrack!as!you!walk!to!school,!the!
smells!of!a!crowded!house!party!or!a!
holiday!family!gathering,!the!textures!of!
your!clothes!and!skin!during!the!
Montreal!winter,!the!learned!
movements!of!repeated!action,!like!
riding!a!bike!or!knitting!a!scarf.
Our!interactions!with!the!world!through!
our!senses!are!internalized!into!what!
anthropologists!call!embodied!
knowledge.!They!situate!us!within!the!
environments,!communities,!and!
cultures!we!live!in.!The!need!to!address!
this!kind!of!knowledge!in!the!academic!
discourse!of!anthropology!–!a!field!
grounded!in!the!study!of!culture!and!
human!experience!–!has!been!taken!up!
in!recent!years!by!a!burgeoning!project!
in!socioacultural!and!media!
anthropology!called!sensory!
ethnography.
!
!
!
Megan!Galeucia!&!Ariel!Appel,!The.intelligence.of.
the.senses,!2011!
%
%
EMBODIMENT!This!is!certainly!one!of!
!
!
!
%
%
ELSEWHERE!A!bridge!crosses!the!
image.!It!seems!like!the!rock!in!the!
background!is!laying!on!top!of!it.!Above!
the!horizon,!a!mountain.!Below,!a!dark!
blue!river.!It's!a!cloudy!day.
!
!
!
!
%
!
!
!
33
!
again!and!again.!It’s!no!mistake!that!we!
took!to!referring!to!this!section!not!only!
as!BLACK!METAL!but!also!as!
PHENOMENOLOGY.!In!the!COMMUNE!
and!SOLITUDE!sections,!we!aimed!to!
arrive!at!immersion!as!well,!albeit!
through!two!different!sets!of!formal!
strategies!that!we!saw!as!mirrors!to!the!
physical!and!ideological!spaces!that!we!
were!dealing!with.
!
!
Ben!Russell!interviewed!by!Michael!Sicinski,!
Cinema.Scope!56,!2013!
!
!
ENCHANTMENT%“We!always!desire!
something!we!can’t!reach,!but!when!we!
do!reach!it,!it’s!too!late,”!says!one!
villager,!echoing!the!film’s!wistfully!
existentialist!tone.!An!unspoken!
apocalypse,!in!the!form!of!a!forest!fire,!
looms!allegorically!over!the!
proceedings,!yet!no!recourse!to!nihilism!
or!panic!ensues.!Rather,!the!town’s!
habitants!assume!their!habitual!
endeavours!birthing!calves,!felling!trees,!
foraging!legumes,!attending!mass,!
singing!local!folk!songs,!and!drinking!in!
the!local!bar.!How!director!Eloy!Enciso!
Cachafeiro!arranges!these!proceedings,!
how!given!scenes!register!as!distinct!
tonal!realities,!provides!a!conceptual!
framework!for!partaking!in!Arraianos’s!
terse!but!expensive!account!(narrative!
may!be!too!strong!a!word;!Arraianos!is!
more!of!an!immersion).!Staged!tableaux!
with!village!“nonaactors”!(think!Straub,!
Serra,!Costa)!alternate!with!realism!
scenes!that!unfold!in!a!documentary!
vein;!the!musicality!of!Galician!Language!
contrasts!with!a!nearly!vigilant!silence;!
the!daily!life!of!a!vanishing!pastoral!
community!is!foregrounded!by!a!
carefully!framed!rendering!of!alla
enveloping!nature.!The!destabilizing!
schema!may!be!familiar!to!viewers,!and!
welcome!to!proponents!of!an!
increasingly!hybrid!genre!of!cinema!in!
which!ambiguity!is!the!source!of!
enchantment!rather!than!frustration,!in!
which!the!concomitant!uses!of!fiction!
and!documentary!transcend!a!merely!
dyadic!relationship.!In!this!sense!
Arraianos!manifests!an!aesthetic!
wherein!people,!as!characters!or!
subjects,!and!nature,!as!mythical!
34
!
! !
!
construct!or!real,!assume!no!precedence!
over!each!other.
%
!
Jay!Kuehner,!“Arraianos”,!Cinemascope!53,!2012!
!
!
EMPTINESS,%SENSE%OF%Kublai!Khan!
does!not!necessarily!believe!everything!
Marco!Polo!says!when!he!describes!the!
cities!visited!on!his!expeditions,!but!the!
emperor!of!the!Tartars!does!continue!
listening!to!the!young!Venetian!with!
greater!attention!and!curiosity!than!he!
shows!any!other!messenger!or!explorer!
of!his.!In!the!lives!of!emperors!there!is!a!
moment!which!follows!pride!in!the!
boundless!extension!of!the!territories!
we!have!conquered,!and!the!melancholy!
and!relief!of!knowing!we!shall!soon!give!
up!any!thought!of!knowing!and!
understanding!them.!There!is!a!sense!of!
emptiness!that!comes!over!us!at!
evening,!with!the!odour!of!the!elephants!
after!the!rain!and!the!sandalwood!ashes!
growing!cold!in!the!braziers.
%
!
Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972!
!
!
ENCISO,%ELOY!Nacido!en!Meira!
(Galicia).!Después!de!graduarse!en!
Ciencias!Ambientales,!Eloy!Enciso!
estudió!documental!en!la!Escuela!de!
Cine!de!San!Antonio!de!los!Baños,!Cuba.!
Sus!películas!tienen!en!común!el!retrato!
de!la!realidad!a!través!de!
procedimientos!de!ficción,!donde!
confluyen!una!cuidada!imagen!y!sonido!
con!un!retrato!cercano!de!
los!personajes.!Después!de!Pic;nic!
(2007),!Arraianos!es!su!segundo!
largometraje!como!director.!
Actualmente!vive!y!trabaja!entre!Galicia!
y!Portugal.
!
!
!
ENNASIN%or!Alliance!Island,!a!
triangular!island,!of!approximately!the!
same!shape!and!location!as!Sicily.!The!
people!resemble!redapainted!Picts,!
except!that!their!noses!are!all!shaped!
like!the!ace!of!clubs.!
All!the!inhabitants!are!related!to!one!
another!by!both!kinship!and!marriage,!a!
fact!of!which!they!are!extremely!proud.!
Degrees!of!kinship!are!so!complex!and!
the!people!so!intermarried!that!it!is!
impossible!to!find!anyone!who!is!not!
!
mother,!father,!sonainalaw,!aunt,!cousin!
or!nephew!to!someone!else.!Visitors!to!
the!island!will!be!surprised,!for!instance,!
to!hear!an!old!man!call!a!little!girl!of!
three!or!four!“father,”!while!she!calls!
him!“daughter.”!Couples!use!a!wide!
variety!of!curious!endearments!when!
addressing!one!another:!“octopus,”!
“porpoise”!and!“hatchet”!are!typical!
examples.!
Marriages!between!the!most!unlikely!
partners!appear!to!be!the!main!pastime!
and!amusement!of!the!Ennasians,!but!
visitors!are!seldom!invited!to!join!in.!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Francois!
Rabelais,!Le.quart.livre.des.faicts.et.diets.du.bon.
Pantagruel,!Paris,!1552!
!
!
ENTRE%
Ludovic!Lamant:%L'une!des!clés!de!
lecture!du!film,!c'est!la!tension!entre!le!
monde!réel,!le!concret,!les!gestes!du!
quotidien,!et!ce!à!quoi!l'on!aspire,!nos!
rêves!et!nos!utopies.!!
Eloy!Enciso:!Oui,!la!vie!est!une!lutte!
permanente!entre!nos!rêves,!nos!envies!
d'échappatoire,!et!un!monde!du!fait,!de!
l'événement,!du!travail.!Le!film!montre!
la!confrontation!entre!ces!deux!forces.!
Comme!la!vie:!une!sorte!de!puzzle,!dont!
il!revient!à!chacun!de!trouver!son!sens.!
LL:!Mais!en!tant!que!cinéaste,!de!quel!
côté!vous!situezavous:!artisan!ou!
rêveur?!!
EE:!Entre!les!deux.!Je!ne!choisis!pas.!La!
vie!force!à!faire!cohabiter!les!deux!
ensemble.!D'un!point!de!vue!personnel,!
je!suis!du!côté!du!rêveur.!Mais!le!plus!
intéressant,!pour!un!cinéaste,!est!
d'observer!le!conflit!entre!les!deux.
%
!
Eloy!Enciso!interviewé!par!Ludovic!Lamant,!“A!
Locarno,!ambiance!de!fin!du!monde!depuis!les!
campagnes!de!Galice”,!2012!
!
!
EPÍGRAFE%“Estamos!tão!perto!do!céu!
por!mar!como!por!terra!”
!
!
Sir!Humphrey!Gilbert,!últimas!palavras!antes!de!
morrer!no!afundamento!da!fragata!Squirrel,!ao!
largo!dos!Açores,!a!9!de!Setembro!de!1583,!
quando!regressava!a!casa!
!
!
EPIGRAM!England's!only!an!island,!
and!all!islands!are!alike.
!
!
ERVA%O!que!é!o!cinema!não!é!coisa!que!
se!pergunte,!porque!a!pergunta!não!tem!
fim.!Ninguém!descobriu!ainda!a!fórmula!
mágica,!ninguém!deixou!tese!
comprovada.!De!tempos!a!tempos,!há!
até!casos!em!que!o!cinema!parece!brotar!
do!inexplicável,!ou!do!que,!por!ser!tão!
simples,!parece!prescindir!de!explicação.!
Ver!o!cinema!como!uma!erva!daninha!
que!nasce!sem!pedir.!Ver!o!cinema!como!
o!testemunho!da!fragilidade!do!que!é!
viver!e!do!que!é!filmar.!Joaquim!Pinto,!
56!anos,!realizou!um!filme!assim.!Fêalo!
com!a!ajuda!do!seu!companheiro,!Nuno!
Leonel.!Chamoualhe!E.Agora?.Lembra;
me.
%
!
Francisco!Ferreira,!“Um!grão!de!tempo!e!serei!
pó”,!Expresso,!2013!
!
!
ESPÍRITO%SANTO,%FESTAS%DO%
(AÇORES)%O!Espírito!Santo!seria!
aquela!coisa!misteriosa!que!existe!no!
mundo,!a!que!o!físico!chama!“onda”!ou!
“partícula”!e!a!que!o!nãoafísico!chama!“o!
divino”,!“o!poético”,!“o!espiritual!–!todas!
as!frases!que!se!usa!–,!seria!aquele!bafo!
criador!do!Espírito!Santo.!Espírito!quer!
dizer!“bafo”!e!santo!quer!dizer!
“reconhecido”,!nada!mais.!Um!bafo.
reconhecido,!sim!há,!há!o!bafo,!há!a!
criação,!e!se!se!dissesse:!quando!um!
homem!faz!um!poema,!põe!lá!todo!o!
palavreado!que!é!conhecido,!mas!há!
uma!certa!maneira!de!pôr!as!coisas!em!
que!nunca!ninguém!tinha!pensado,!e!dali!
é!o!seu!Espírito!criador,!então,!no!
fenómeno!da!explosão!da!tal!estrela,!
houve!tudo!o!que!já!era!conhecido!e,!de!
repente,!o!poeta!que!é!o!universo!põe!lá!
mais!uma!coisinha!para!dar!uma!certa!
graça!que!surpreendeu!toda!a!gente!–!
agora!entra!na!experiência!!Quando!ele!
vai!repetir!a!sua!poesia,!provavelmente!
já!não!põe!aquilo,!põe!outra!coisa!para!
espantar!o!observador!e!dar!razão!ao!tal!
homem,!ao!tal!nosso!Eisenberg,!do!
princípio!da!incerteza!das!coisas.!Quer!
dizer,!o!mundo!está!caminhando!para!
aquilo!de!se!terem!todas!as!certezas!
casadas!com!todas!as!dúvidas.!Vamos!a!
ver!que!descendência!é!que!sai!daí.!
[risos]
%
!
Mutiny.on.the.Bounty,!dir.!Frank!Lloyd,!1935!
!
!
!
35
!
Agostinho!da!Silva,!Agostinho.da.Silva.–.ele.
próprio,.conversa.com.António.Escudeiro,!2006!
!
ESSAY%FILM!Forty!years!ago!I!may!
have!been!the!first!to!launch!the!concept!
of!the!essay!film.!I!was!still!intellectually!
juvenile!and!quite!“apolitical”!and!the!
notion!was!hazy!in!my!mind.!I!set!the!
essay!film!against!“documentary”!in!the!
classical!sense,!that!supposedly!
objective!rendering!of!reality,!my!bad!
objects!were!Flaherty,!Grierson!and!the!
GPO.!An!essay!film!was!about!getting!
across!ideas.!And!it!was!also!about!
inventing!complex!forms,!structured!
ambiguities,!about!getting!away!from!a!
certain!linearity,!common!I!felt!to!
standard!documentary!and!“Hollywood”!
alike.!It’s!worth!noting!that!most!of!the!
models!I!chose!were!much!further!to!the!
left!than!I!was!:!Franju’s!Hotel!des!
Invalides,!Rosi’s!Salvatore!Giuliano,!
Godard’s!middle!period,!Dziga!Vertov!
and!also!certain!experiments!in!French!
public!television…!Essential!to!the!
notion!was!the!admixture!of!materials!
and!stylistic!approaches,!fictional!
footage!mingling,!perhaps!“invisibly”,!
with!cinemaavérité,!library!shots,!hidden!
cameraawork,!etc.!Such!discontinuities!
were!meant!to!create,!somehow!or!
other,!the!famous!“distanciation”!
theorized!and!practiced!by!Brecht.!At!
least!that!is!what!I!began!claiming!after!I!
was!radicalized!in!’68.!However,!mainly!
I!see!it!today!as!a!modernist!stance:!
involvement!in!a!film!(or!a!play!or!a!
novel)!was!in!itself!a!bad!object,!a!
“Hollywoodian”!relationship!between!
screen!and!spectator.!I!was!rationalizing!
what!was!in!fact!a!pure!aesthetic!
preference!based!on!the!leftist!idea!that!
the!“transparency”!of!mass!cultural!
artefacts!“alienated”!the!mass!
audience…![…]
And!so!The.Forgotten.Space,!which!has!
been!an!attempt!to!carry!on!with!that!
unfinished!business,!was!made!against!
the!grain.!When!it!occurred!to!Allan!and!
I!to!make!a!film!drawn!from!“Dismal!
science”!the!main!essay!in!his!Fish.Story,!
of!which!I!had!become!enamored!while!
translating!it!into!French,!we!both!had!in!
mind!something!along!those!lines,!
mingling!little!fictions,!and!even!
!
36
!
! !
!
surrealistic!“collages”,!with!cinemaa
vérité!reportages,!library!shots,!etc.!This!
proved!a!difficult!agenda!for!all!sorts!of!
practical!reasons!and!because!of!various!
artistic!and!ideological!frictions!within!a!
complex!coaproduction!structure.
I!think!what!principally!remains!here!of!
the!basic!concept!of!the!essay!film!is!a!
rather!rambling!structure,!very!largely!
discontinuous!and!often!digressive.!It!is!
certainly!a!film!which!should!keep!
spectators!on!their!toes!but!is,!hopefully,!
nowhere!opaque.!Subjectamatter!such!as!
this,!the!evils!of!productivist,!
“globalized”!capitalism,!even!if!looked!at!
solely!in!terms!of!maritime!shipping!and!
adjacent!activities,!is!so!vast!that!it!can!
only!be!sampled…!in!such!a!way,!we!
hope,!as!to!suggest!the!extent!of!the!
horror…!and!the!logic!of!the!problematic!
mutations!under!way…!It!is!a!film!which!
has!to!be!continued!by!other!means…
!
!
!
Noël!Burch,!“Notes!on!The.Forgotten.Space”,!
2010!
!
%
ETUDE%L'entreprise!des!descripteurs,!
dans!sa!démesure!et!son!arrogance,!
relève!d'une!tradition!encyclopédiste!
caractéristique!du!XVIIIème!siècle,!de!
cette!sorte!de!confiance!aveugle!en!
l'efficacité!explicative!des!“sciences!
naturelles”!à!inventorier!l'univers!
(confiance!aveugle!qu'entretiennent!
aujourd'hui!les!“sciences!humaines”);!
description!d'ailleurs!est!un!concept!
scientifique!(il!suppose!l'objectivité,!
l'impartialité)!indispensable!à!la!raison!
naturaliste!et!souvent!employé!par!
opposition!à!la!démarche!littéraire!ou!
poétique!(“la!description,!disait!Max!
Jacob,!c'est!le!contraire!même!de!la!
poésie”);!le!plus!grand!de!tous!les!
naturalistes,!Alexandre!von!Humboldt,!
intitulé!d'ailleurs!son!oeuvreamaîtresse:!
Cosmos,.Essai.de.Description.physique.du.
Monde.!
Le!trésor!de!cette!île,!pour!nos!héros!
néoastevensoniens,!réside!donc!dans!
l'ignorance!où!on!la!tient,! dans!le!capital!
de!savoir!qu'ils!vont!pouvoir!accumuler!
sur!elle!six!mois!durant.!
Le!film![Description.d’une.île]!procède!à!
la!manière!du!lecteur!des!romans!de!
Jules!Verne!:!il!saute!sur!les!
!
interminables!pages!de!descriptions!
naturalistes!(relisez!L’ile.mystérieuse!ou!
Deux.Années.de.Vacances)!et!ne!
conserve,!bien!heureusement,!que!les!
instants!de!forte!intensité!relationnelle.!
!
Ignacio!Ramonet,!“L’art!de!la!fuite”,!Libération,!
1980!
!
!
EXACTIDÃO!O!Pico!tem!outro!pico!no!
meio,!tão!grande!como!qualquer!dos!
outros!picos!grandes!que!há!na!Terra,!e!
em!outras!terras,!e!tem!tão!grande!
altura!o!cume!dele!e!é!tão!vizinho!aos!
ventos,!que!por!ele!os!adivinham!mui!
facilmente!os!mareantes!e!moradores!
daquelas!ilhas!ao!redor,!porque,!quando!
está!todo!coberto!de!névoa,!é!certo!sinal!
de!virem!tempos!mareiros,!como!é!sul,!
leste,!sudoeste,!e,!quando!está!todo!
descoberto,!adivinha!vento!oeste,!oesa
noroeste,!até!norte,!e!quando!tem!uma!
barra!branca!de!névoa!pelo!meio!e!o!
mais,!assi!pera!riba!como!pera!baixo,!
está!descoberto!adivinha!tempos!lestes!
e!nordestes,!e!quando!se!vê!todo!limpo!e!
logo!depois!se!cobre!no!cimo!de!todo!de!
névoa!e!faz!um!capelo!dela,!cursando!
então!qualquer!vento,!adivinha!que!se!
háade!mudar!a!tempo!mareiro,!como!é!
sul,!sueste!e!sudoeste.!Assi!que!ele!serve!
aos!vizinhos!de!agulha!de!marear!ou!de!
grimpa!certa!e!variável,!que!se!põem!no!
cume!dos!telhados,!que!com!os!tempos!
lhes!mostra!os!ventos!que!hãoade!vir!e!
cursar!adiante,!porque!é!tão!alto,!que!na!
mesma!altura!parece!aos!que!estão!nas!
outras!ilhas!ao!lível!do!mar!no!mais!
baixo!da!terra,!como!aos!que!estão!no!
mais!alto!monte!da!serra,!e,!ainda!
vendoao!do!mais!alto,!mais!alto!parece.
!
!
Gaspar!Frutuoso,!Saudades.da.Terra,!séc!XVI!
!
!
EXAMPLE%Qui!dira!ce!que!l'U.R.S.S.!a!
été!pour!nous?!Plus!qu'une!patrie!
d'élection!:!un!exemple,!un!guide.!Ce!que!
nous!rêvions,!ce!que!nous!osions!à!peine!
espérer!mais!à!quoi!tendaient!nos!
volontés,!nos!forces,!avait!lieu!làabas.!Il!
était!donc!une!terre!où!l'utopie!était!en!
passe!de!devenir!réalité.!D'immenses!
accomplissements!déjà!nous!
emplissaient!le!cœur!d'exigence.!Le!plus!
difficile!était!fait!déjà,!semblaitail,!et!
nous!nous!aventurions!joyeusement!
!
!
!
dans!cette!sorte!d'engagement!pris!avec!
elle!au!nom!de!tous!les!peuples!
souffrants.!
Jusqu'à!quel!point,!dans!une!faillite,!nous!
sentirions!de!même!engagés?!Mais!la!
seule!idée!d'une!faillite!est!inadmissible.
%
!
!
André!Gide,!Retour.de.l'URSS.,!1936!
!
!
(EX)CHANGES!The!film!As.Cidades.e.
as.Trocas!departs!from!Lisbon!in!the!
interior!of!a!cargo!ship;!to!sail!along!the!
atlantic!route!–!retracing!ancient!
empires!routes!–!with!the!purpose!of!
recording!transformations!in!the!
physical!and!human!landscape!that!this!
movement!of!exchanges!is!producing,!
and!to!produce!a!reflection!around!these!
exchanges!and!their!effects!on!the!cities;!
but!our!gaze!will!be!a!silent!one.!
Focusing!on!the!small!changes!in!
relation!to!people!and!their!surrounding!
environment!–!with!the!objects!of!their!
daily!lives!–!that!reveal!the!establishing!
of!a!new!life!model,!a!new!logic,!a!new!
economy.
!
!
Luisa!Homem,!Pedro!Pinho,!Directors’!Notes,!
2010!
!
!
EXOTISMO%A!geração!dos!meus!pais!e!
as!gerações!que!a!precedem!viveram!
acreditando!que!conheciam!o!outro,!que!
conheciam!o!seu!vizinho!e!o!mundo!em!
que!viviam.
Esta!experiência!de!conhecimento!do!
outro,!ou!pelo!menos!da!ilusão!de!
conhecer!o!outro,!de!saber!o!que!se!
passa!nas!casas!ao!lado!das!nossas,!
acabou.
Já!nada!é!verdadeiramente!exótico,!
sobre!todas!as!coisas!já,!pelo!menos,!
lemos!alguma!coisa,!ou!vimos!imagens.!
Estamos!familiarizados!com!as!lutas!de!
galos!no!Peru,!as!dificuldades!de!vida!
dos!Palestinianos,!os!cânticos!
tradicionais!Mongóis,!os!meandros!da!
espionagem!norteaamericana,!a!
cerimónia!do!chá!no!Japão,!ou!a!extinção!
dos!xamãs!na!Sibéria.!O!exotismo!
acabou.!Mas!a!familiaridade!também.!
Não!estou!certo!de!quem!conheço!
melhor:!o!aborígena!Australaino!ou!os!
passageiros!do!metro!de!Lisboa.!
!
!
!
!
André!Príncipe,!2013!
!
37
!
EXPECTATIVA!Para!não!iludir!a!
expectativa!daqueles!que!não!procuram!
num!relato!de!viagens!mais!do!que!
acontecimentos!extraordinários!e!
agradáveis!retratos!de!costumes!
estranhos!e!de!hábitos!desconhecidos,!
devo!prevenialos!que!encontrarão!nesta!
pouca!coisa!com!que!satisfazerem!esses!
gostos.!Não!me!foi!dado!tomar!a!
liberdade!de!poder!levar!o!leitor!a!
passearase!sobre!todos!os!ojectos,!sem!
distinção,!capazes!de!premiar!a!sua!
curiosidade.
!
!
CharlesaMarie,!Voyage.sur.l’Amazone,!1749!
!
!
EXPERIENCE%Berlin.10/90!poses!the!
question:!will!the!work,!grounded!in!the!
experience!of!reality!and!in!the!
communication!of!that!experience,!be!
receivable!by!viewers!as!reality?!Kramer!
has!not!experienced!the!damage!of!the!
Nazi!Final!Solution!in!Europe.!But!that!
experience!is!alive!in!the!presentaday!
society!that!surrounds!him.!He!is!both!
outside!the!experience!of!the!Final!
Solution!and!at!the!same!time!its!victim.!
Furthermore,!the!idea!of!living!with!the!
authority!of!German!culture!is!also!a!
legitimation!of!the!ideology!of!the!
aggressors.!This!is!why!this!film!begins!
with!a!reference!to!Ezra!Pound,!the!
American!poet!who!crossed!the!ocean!in!
order!to!join!the!Nazis:!Kramer!starts!
with!the!case!of!an!American!Jew!
coming!face!to!face!with!Nazism.
[…]!The!film!deals!with!the!destruction!
of!East!Germany!and!other!issues!which!
are!related!to!Kramer,!but!which!he!did!
not!experience!directly.!The!history!and!
reality!of!others!also!appears.!At!the!
same!time!someone!with!a!different!
history!and!reality!who!is!close!to!
Kramer,!someone!who!has!a!physical!
body,!also!makes!an!appearance:!Erika.
Human!beings!cannot!make!the!
experience!of!others!their!own.!We!are!
unable!to!feel!the!warmth!of!sunlight!on!
our!cheek!in!front!of!the!television!
screen,!as!Kramer!does!in!Berlin.10/90.
!
!
!
!
Hironobu!Baba,!Robert.Kramer.and.the.Jewish;
German.Question,!2006!
!
!
!
FAITH,%LAND%OF,!or!Bragman,!an!
island!in!the!Indian!Ocean.!The!people!
here!live!strictly!by!the!Ten!
Commandments.!When!Alexander!the!
Great!set!out!to!conquer!this!island,!the!
people!of!Bragman!wrote!to!him!
describing!the!simplicity!of!their!lives!
and!Alexander!decided!not!to!trouble!
them.!There!are!no!entertainments!on!
Bragman!and!a!visit!is!hardly!
worthwhile.!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Sir!John!
Mandeville,!Voyage.de.Sir.John.Maundevile,!Paris,!
l357!
!
!
FAMÍLIA!Em!resposta!a!um!artigo!
lamentável!no!Público!de!hoje,!anotei!
(adaptado):!Já!que!estamos!em!préa
campanha!para!as!autárquicas!e!o!país!
começa!a!ser!inundado!por!cartazes!de!
candidatos!que!se!propõem!defender!o!
interesse!das!“pessoas”!e!das!“famílias”,!
lembro!que!em!Atenas!e!na!república!
romana!o!matrimónio!heterossexual!
legal!era!fundamentalmente!a!
transferência!do!poder!sobre!a!mulher,!
que!anteriormente!estava!sob!o!controle!
38
!
! !
!
do!pai!(ou!outro!familiar!próximo)!para!
o!esposo!(ou!seu!pai,!se!o!mesmo!não!
fosse!o!chefe!da!casa).!E!lembro!que!a!
palavra!família,!de!famulus!(servo),!
designava!essa!unidade!sujeita!ao!
homem!adulto,!paterfamilias,!e!que!
incluía!a!sua!esposa,!crianças,!criados!e!
escravos,!estando!todos!eles!
sexualmente!à!sua!disposição.!No!final!
do!império!outra!forma!de!casamento!
surgiu,!sine.manu!(sem!autoridade),!sem!
que!a!esposa!se!tornasse!propriedade!do!
marido,!contribuindo!para!a!união!entre!
pessoas!quase!iguais,!que!esteve!na!base!
de!vários!sistemas!éticos!antigos!entre!
os!quais!as!primeiras!uniões!cristãs.!Os!
termos!“irmão”!e!“irmã”!substituíram!
“esposo”!e!“esposa”.!E!que!existem!
inúmeras!fontes!históricas!atestando!
estas!uniões!entre!pessoas!do!mesmo!
sexo,!em!vários!casos!abençoadas!pelas!
igrejas!cristãs!até!ao!séc.!XII.
!
!
Joaquim!Pinto,!2013!
!
!
FANTASMI!Per!Antonioni!il!momento!
dell’osservazione!della!realtà!–!e!
soprattutto!dei!luoghi!–!ha!in!sé!
39
!
ontologicamente!un!processo!implicito!
di!rammemorazione:!ogni!immagine!ha!
nel!proprio!essere!una!memoria!
stratificata,!occulta,!latente,!una!storicità!
tragica!che!proprio!il!cinema!viene!
chiamato!a!cercare!di!redimere!e!
sciogliere.!
Ritornare!sull’isola!di!Lisca!Bianca,!fare!
un!film!sul!ritorno!ad!un!film!di!
sparizione,!affrontare!il!mito!de!
L’avventura,!cercare!di!vincere!la!
propria!memoria!intrisa!di!oblio,!sono!
gesti!che!Antonioni!compie!con!una!
coscienza!storica!e!poetica!ben!radicate!
nel!mondo!più!avvertito!dell’arte!e!del!
cinema!suoi!contemporanei.!Ed!è!
proprio!per!questo!che!ci!sembra!utile,!
ai!fini!di!una!lettura!trasversale!di!
Ritorno.a.Lisca.Bianca,!affiancargli!due!
opere!sorelle!come!Son.nom.de.Venise.
dans.Calcutta.désert!(1976)!di!
Marguerite!Duras!e!One.Way.Boogie.
Woogie/27.Years.Later!(2005)!di!James!
Benning.!In!questi!tre!film!i!registi!
tornano!sul!luogo!del!tournage!
riutilizzando!il!sonoro!del!filmamatrice:!
in!Ritorno.a.Lisca.Bianca!Antonioni!fa!
risuonare!sull’isola!ormai!deserta!le!voci!
dei!personaggi!de!L’avventura!alla!
disperata!ricerca!della!scomparsa!Anna;!
in!Son.nom.de.Venise.dans.Calcutta.
désert!Duras!riprende!le!rovine!del!
Palais!Rotschild!a!Boulogne!usando!la!
stessa!colonna!sonora!di!India.Song!che!
vi!aveva!girato!due!anni!prima;!in!One.
Way.Boogie.Woogie/27.Years.Later!
Benning!ci!mostra!prima!un!suo!film!del!
1977!girato!a!Milwaukee!e!poi,!
attraverso!i!medesimi!cadrages,!gli!
stessi!luoghi!del!primo!film!ma!27!anni!
dopo,!applicando!sul!secondo!il!suono!
del!primo.!
Questi!tre!film!doppi!innescano!nello!
spettatore!un!processo!di!
rammemorazione!dagli!esiti!radicali:!i!
luoghi!riafilmati!si!popolano!di!presenze!
invisibili!e!fantasmi,!svelando!una!
stratigrafia!della!memoria!e!del!film!
stesso,!palinsesto!per!una!ricerca!del!
tempo!e!del!luogo!perduti,!cartografia!
dell’immaginario!e!della!catastrofe!
ormai!già!avvenuta.!
[…]!Per!Antonioni,!Duras!e!Benning!la!
rammemorazione!è!un!freno!
!
!
!
40
!
! !
!
d’emergenza,!una!forza!d’urto,!un!salto!
dialettico,!un!gesto!di!arresto!o!di!
inversione!della!direzione!di!cui!si!ha!
assoluto!bisogno!quando!la!storia!(del!
cinema)!rischia!di!finire!nel!vicolo!cieco!
del!mito.!Il!pensiero!per!immagini!di!
questi!tre!artisti!si!muove!sempre!in!due!
direzioni,!tra!due!forze,!particolari!e!
opposte,!solo!apparentemente!
contraddittorie:!la!pratica!filmica!che!
vediamo!dispiegarsi!in!queste!tre!opere!
straordinarie!è!frutto!di!una!“ritmica!
intermittente”!nella!quale!il!passato!e!i!
suoi!fenomeni!“vengono!scomposti!e!
insieme!salvati”,”svalutati!e!insieme!
promossi”.Per!Antonioni,!Duras!e!
Benning!la!meditazione!sulla!creazione!e!
la!costruzione!comporta!sempre!una!
riflessione!sulla!rovina!e!la!distruzione:!
se!il!passato!deve!portare!in!una!
situazione!critica!il!presente,!deve!a!sua!
volta!essere!fatto!deflagrare.!Il!cinema!è!
una!memoria!incarnata!nell’immagine,!
un!paesaggio!di!rovine!e!di!strati!
molteplici!non!riconducibili!ad!un!
significato!ultimo!e!definitivo:!non!c’è!
mai!una!riduzione!della!sfera!del!
sensibile!in!quella!dell’intelligibile!e!
quindi!la!forma!estetica!è!pensabile!
unicamente!come!“un!contenuto!
sedimentato”.
!
!
Federico!Rossin,!Rammemorare.l’immagine..Di.
alcuni.motivi.in.Antonioni,.Duras,.Benning,!2013!
!
!
FATALISM!
The!Priest:!Those!who!have!gone!away!
help!those!who!are!left!behind.!And!I,!
well,!I!act!as!the!middleaman.!
Karin:!Then!try!to!help!us,!Father.!I!can't!
take!a!life!like!this.!Antonio!is!still!a!
boy.!Yes,!I!love!him,!but!he!doesn't!
understand!how!a!woman!like!me!
feels.!
The!Priest:!I!think!he!does.!I!know!how!
hard!he!tried!to!get!work.!The!fishing!
season!has!started.!And!the!boats!
have!full!crews!already.!You!see,!
there!are!only!four!boats!from!
Stromboli.!The!rest!come!from!other!
islands.!Yet,!Antonio!has!managed!to!
find!a!place.!He!sacrificed!his!pride.!
He!owned!a!boat!of!his!own,!once,!
you!know.!He!has!done!it!all!for!you.!I!
know!it,!because!I!talked!with!him.!
!
!
!
Karin:!Yes,!I!suppose!he's!doing!his!best,!
but…!can't!he!realize!that!I!can't!live!
here,!and!that!he!should!take!me!
away?!
The!Priest:!You!need!money!to!emigrate!
–!and!a!place!to!go.!
Karin:!Those!who!are!born!here,!all!they!
wanted!was!to!leave.!You!can!imagine!
how!I!feel!here,!Father,!a!stranger.!
These!black!rocks,!this!desolation,!
that…!that!'terror.'!This!island!drives!
me!mad,!Father.!Won't!you!help!us,!
please?!
The!Priest:!You!are!both!young.!Make!
Antonio!save!his!money!instead!of!
spending!it.!Help!him.!And!perhaps!
you!will!be!able!to!leave!too,!
someday.!But!while!you!are!to!stay!
here,!make!a!good!home!for!yourself!
and!for!him.!It!will!make!it!easier!for!
both!of!you!to!wait.!If!you!do!this,!
merciful!God!will!help!you.!
Karin:!With!me,!God!has!never!been!
merciful!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Stromboli,!Roberto!Rossellini,!1950!
!
!
FC%Unabomber!serviuase!das!iniciais!
FC,!desde!o!ínicio!da!sua!actividade!
terrorista,!como!um!sinal!discreto!com!
vista!a!establecer!uma!filiação!entre!ele!
e!diversas!figures!da!marginalidade!e!da!
solidão!(Fair!Play!de!Metesky,!Free!City!
dos!The!Diggers),!embora!isso!só!
recentemente!tenha!sido!percebido.!
Foram!propostas!várias!outras!
interpretações!das!iniciais!FC,!das!mais!
grosseira!(Fuck!Computers),!às!mais!
malucas!(Free!Condoms),!passando!
pelas!mais!apocalípticas!(Fear!Chaos).!
Também!se!afirmou!que!FC!significava!
Fear!of!Change,!Fear!Computers!ou!
Future!Chaos,!insistindo!este!ultimo!
nome!na!revolução!futura!a!que!o!
terrorista!apela.!Unabomber!afirma!que!
FC!significa!simplesmente!Freedom!
Club.
!
!
Jean!Marie!Apostolidès,!“O!manifesto!
Unabomber”!(Prefácio),!1996!!
!
!
FELICITE,!île!de!la!mer!Egée,!
gouvernée!par!la!reine!Félicité,!appelée!
aussi!Théone.!Son!accès!est!rendu!
difficile!par!un!nombre!important!
d’obstacles!naturels:!précipices,!
!
!
!
torrents,!rapides,!lions,!tigres!et!
panthères!sauvages,!serpents!cachés!au!
cœur!des!roses.!Le!voyageur!qui!réussit!
néanmoins!à!pénétrer!dans!le!royaume!
de!Théone!est!plongé!dans!un!présent!
éternel,!où!rien!ne!vieillit!jamais.!
Maladies,!soucis!et!craintes!n’existent!
pas.!L’air!est!parfumé!par!la!rosée!de!
l’ambre!gris;!les!orangers!tempèrent!la!
chaleur!du!soleil!;!les!fleurs!miroitent!
dans!les!rivières!et!les!fruits!sont!
toujours!mûrs.!L’île!est!habitée!par!des!
nymphes.!d’une!éternelle!jeunesse.!La!
plus!vieille!n’a!pas!quinze!ans.!Le!palais!
de!Théone,!fermé!aux!visiteurs,!est!en!or!
massif.!Une!inscription,!à!l’entrée,!
conseille!aux!amants!infidèles!de!
s’éloigner.!Pendant!trois!cents!ans,!la!
reine!a!été!heureuse!avec!l’homme!
qu’elle!aimait.!Il!l’a!quittée,!et!il!faudra!
deux!mille!ans!à!Théone!pour!se!
consoler!de!cet!abandon.!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Fanny,!
comtesse!de!Beauharnais,!L’Isle.de.la.Félicité.ou.
Anaxis.et.Théone.;.poème.philosophique.en.trois.
chants..Précédé.d’une.épître.aux.femmes,.et.suivi.
de.quelques.poésies.fugitives,!Paris!1801!
!
!
FICTION%The!fictional!in!Study.of.an.
Island.is!not!easily!categorized.!The!
framework!is!fiction!interwoven!with!
facts,!or!vice!versa.!The!group!who!come!
to!the!island!to!make!a!study!for!a!book!
is!fictional.!The!book!is!fictional,!their!
professional!background!is!slightly!
fictional.!But!from!there!on,!working!
methods,!mistakes,!dreams,!conflicts,!
relationships!with!individual!islanders,!
physical!suffering!are!real,!and!these!
realities!are!compressed,!composed,!
structured!within!the!fictional!storyline!
story!of!the!group!project!and!their!
book.!Real!events!led!the!fictional!by!the!
hand;!fiction!admired!real!events.!
This!led!to!a!lasting!passion!for!the!
meetings!of!fiction!and!real!life!in!
films,!the!profound!moments!of!human!
vulnerability,!the!clash,!the!
overlapping,!the!subtle!elements!of!one!
in!the!other.!I!later!recognized!these!
elements!in!the!films!I!loved!the!most,!
even!if!I!had!not!identified!them!as!
determining!factors!when!I!first!saw!the!
films.!The!films!I!make!now,!or!wish!to!
!
41
!
make,!move!within!these!spaces!and!
attempt!to!radicalize!the!crossovers.
Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes!
“The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema.
And.Photography,!2008!
!
!
Cynthia!Beatt,!2013!
!
!
!
!
FILM%PRODUCTION%CONTEXT!Film!
FILIPINO!Until!the!70s!we!hadn’t!
developed!a!local!film!culture!in!the!
Philippines.!In!terms!of!intellectual!
influence!(I!have!never!been!an!avid!
reader),!I!was!definitely!strongly!
westernized!by!Hollywood!visuals.!But!a!
significant!seed!planted!was!Werner!
Herzog's!last!word!of!advice!when!I!left!
Munich:!“Ahh!Kidlat,!you!can!never!be!a.
good.Bavarian.director.”!At!first!it!
sounded!negative.!But!over!the!years!I!
realized!it!was!a!profound!cultural!
mirror!he!was!holding!up!to!this!
budding!Filipino!director:!If!I!tried!to!be!
a!German!New!Wave!regisseur!(or!a!
Hollywood!director),!my!films!would!
always!be!second!class!compared!to!
being!an!auteur!filmmaker!from!your!
own!culture.!So!Herzog!was!an!
influence.!He!was!telling!me!to!let!my!
own!cultural!POV!be!the!storyteller.!Not!
the!Profit;Oriented.Voyeur,.POV.!Herzog,!
the!rebel!mentor,!helped!me!set!aside!
my!Wharton!MBA!principles.!Your!
Filipino!duende!should!frame!your!film.
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!interviewed!by!Aily!Nash,!2012!
!
!
FILM%Tourner,!en!un!long!travelling!
d'ouest!en!est,!(les!rails!sont!déjà!posés)!
ces!cartouches!Supera8!soviétiques!qui!
stationnent!dans!mon!frigo!et!voir!les!
couleurs!qui!leur!restent.!Périmées,!elles!
le!sont,!sinon!elles!ne!seraient!pas!
soviétiques.
!
!
Nicolas!Rey!(sans!source)!
!
!
FILM%AND%DIGITAL%With!film,!since!I!
have!to!be!more!economical!about!
shooting,!my.relationship!to!the!referent!
feels!almost!sacred.!Film!shoots!are!
more!memorable!–!not!in!a!sentimental!
way,!but!I!literally!remember!them!
better!–!where!I!was!standing,!the!
weather!conditions,!what!else!was!
happening!around!me,!etc..!But!
somehow!in!video,!probably!because!I!
shoot!so!much!more,!I!don’t!have!that!
same!relationship!to!the!thing!itself,!to!
the!event.
!
production!in!the!Philippines!is!prolific!
and!sophisticated.!The!national!industry!
produces!between!150!and!200!
entertainment!films!a!year,!depending!
heavily!on!romance!and!action,!
capitalizing!on!scandalous!current!
events,!and!often!richly!sentimental.!The!
Filipino!film!industry!has!spawned!
whole!genres!and!subgenres!of!its!own.!
It!has!been!under!one!or!another!form!of!
censorship!for!many!years,!first!under!
Marcos!and!then!under!Aquino.!Even!
more!powerful!than!government!
censorship!is!the!profit!motive.!The!
industry!is!concerned!with!profits,!not!
prestige.!As!one!of!the!leading!Filipino!
filmmakers,!Lino!Brocka,!said!to!Pat!
Aufderheide!at!the!Toronto!Festival!of!
Festivals!in!1987,!“When!my!producer!
tells!me!about!a!new!film,!she!always!
says,!'Now!Lino,!no!awards,!please.'“!
(Lino!Brocka!died!in!a!car!accident!in!
1991.)
!
!
Patricia!Aufderheide,!CrossaCultural!Film!Guide,!
1992!
!
!
FIN!El!propio!trabajo,!sobre!todo!la!
propia!realidad,!fue!la!que!se!encargó!de!
demostrar!que!esta!idea!de!fin!de!
estirpe,!o!fin!del!mundo!o!fin!de!algo,!es!
una!idea!que!es!recurrente!en!la!
humanidad.!Siempre!ha!habido!esta!
tentación!apocalíptica,!que!en!el!fondo!
no!deja!de!ser!una!forma!de!pensar!un!
poco!egocéntrica.!Es!una!cosa!que!ha!
pasado!siempre,!y!esta!falta!de!creer!que!
la!vida!es!mucho!más!fuerte!a!veces!que!
la!voluntad!o!lo!que!uno!piense!también!
fue!un!aprendizaje.!Y!eso!me!lo!
demostró!justamente!estar!allí!con!gente!
y!ver!esos!pequeños!gestos,!
aparentemente!sin!importancia!y!que!
están!muy!poco!mostrados!en!la!
película:!de!cuidado!mutuo,!de!las!cosas,!
de!la!relación!con!la!naturaleza,!con!los!
animales…!Eso!es!una!demostración!de!
que!mientras!haya!esos!pequeños!gestos!
de!amor!y!esa!especie!de!cuidarse!los!
unos!a!los!otros!y!de!lo!que!tiene!
alrededor,!obviamente!la!vida!va!a!
continuar…!
!
!
Eloy!Enciso!entrevistado!por!Netele!Martinez,!
“Eloy!Enciso!y!José!Manuel!Sande:!Las!fronteras!
entendidas!como!fin!de!algo!no!son!más!
que!convenciones”,!2012!
%
!
FLAHERTY,%ROBERT!Often!called!the!
first!documentary!filmmaker,!Robert!
Flaherty!(1884a1951)!was!the!creator!of!
such!classic!landmark!films!as!Nanook.of.
the.North!(1922),.Moana!(1926),!Man.of.
Aran.(1934),!and!Louisiana.Story!
(1948).!The!son!of!a!mining!engineer,!
Flaherty!first!became!a!filmmaker!in!
attempts!to!document!his!travels!as!an!
explorer!and!prospector!in!the!then!
uncharted!Canadian!Arctic.!He!lived!and!
worked!closely!with!the!Inuit,!who!
served!as!his!guides,!companions,!
technical!crew,!navigators,!dog!sled!
drivers,!and!collaborators!on!many!
expeditions!to!the!Arctic.!He!made!over!
1500!photographs!of!the!Inuit!from!
1908a1924,!now!housed!in!the!National!
Photography!Collection!in!the!Public!
Archives!of!Canada!and!the!Robert!and!
Frances!Flaherty!Study!Center,!
Claremont!College,!in!California.!Perhaps!
one!of!the!earliest!known!independent!
filmmakers!who!worked!outside!the!
commercial!studio!system,!Flaherty!
made!films!that!were!funded!by!a!
diverse!group!of!backers,!including!
Revillon!Freres,!Paramount!Pictures,!the!
Department!of!Agriculture,!and!the!
Standard!Oil!Company.!Some!
anthropologists!and!historians!argue!
that!Flaherty!was!one!of!the!first!
collaborative!visual!ethnographers.!
Nanook.of.the.North!was!shot!with!the!
assistance!of!the!Inuit,!who!provided!
suggestions!for!scenes,!developed!the!
film,!viewed!the!rushes,!and!agreed!to!
reenactments!and!stagings!to!tell!their!
own!story.!Other!scholars!contend!that!
Flaherty,!a!product!of!the!early!20th!
century’s!racialized!fantasies,!
reproduced!the!Romantic!notion!of!the!
“noble!savage,”!a!primitive!man!
unsullied!by!industrialization!and!
unconstrained!by!modern!society!whose!
individualism!and!masculinity!are!
unfettered.!One!of!Flaherty’s!lasting!
legacies!in!the!world!of!international!
cinema!is!the!Robert!Flaherty!Film!
Seminar,!begun!by!Flaherty’s!widow,!
Frances,!after!his!death!to!pass!on!the!
tradition!of!a!committed,!passionate!
independent!filmmaking!to!future!
generations!in!a!dynamic!environment!
fostering!discussion!and!debate.!Frances!
sought!to!continue!the!Flaherty!legacy!
by!creating!a!forum!that!would!evoke!
the!fiery!discussions!Robert!enjoyed!
entering!into!about!film,!philosophy,!
travel,!the!Inuit,!life.!The!Seminar!is!one!
of!the!most!important!and!longarunning!
international!forums!for!media!artists,!
critics,!scholars,!curators,!librarians,!and!
students!to!screen!and!discuss!films!past!
and!present.
!
!
!
FLORES%Como!todas!as!outras!ilhas!do!
arquipélago,!Flores!é!de!formação!
vulcânica,!mas!em!contraste!com!São!
Miguel!e!Faial,!por!exemplo,!que!
possuem!praias!claras!e!bosques!
verdejantes,!aquela!é!uma!placa!de!lava!
negra!no!meio!do!oceano.!Bem!cresce!a!
flor!sobre!o!vulcão,!como!diria!Bécquer;!
os!dois!ingleses!atravessaram!uma!
paisagem!incrível:!uma!laje!de!ardósia!
florida!que!de!súbito!se!escancarava!em!
abismos!medonhos,!em!precipícios,!em!
falésias!a!pique!sobre!o!mar.!A!meio!da!
viagem!pararam!para!passar!a!noite!
numa!aldeola!de!pescadores.!Era!uma!
aldeia!minúscula!anichada!sobre!uma!
falésia,!e!os!viajantes!não!lhe!revelam!o!
nome;!não!por!distracção,!creio,!uma!vez!
que!a!sua!narração!é!sempre!minuciosa!
e!exaustiva,!mas!talvez!por!ela!não!o!ter.!
É!muito!provável!que!se!chamasse!
apenas!Aldeia,!pois,!sendo!o!único!lugar!
habitado!num!raio!de!muitos!
quilómetros,!bastavaalhe!como!nome!
próprio!um!nome!por!antonomásia.!De!
longe!pareceualhes!pitoresca!e!
geometricamente!ordenada,!como!são!
quase!sempre!as!pequenas!povoações!de!
pescadores.!As!habitações,!porém,!
aparentavam!ter!uma!forma!estranha.!
Quando!entraram!no!povoado,!
perceberam!porquê.!Quase!todas!as!
casas!tinham!por!fachada!a!proa!de!um!
navio;!eram!casas!de!planta!triangular,!
algumas!de!madeiras!preciosas,!cuja!
%
42
!
! !
!
!
!
!
43
!
única!parede!de!pedra!era!a!que!unia!os!
dois!lados!do!triângulo.!Algumas!eram!
de!grande!beleza,!contam!os!atónitos!
ingleses,!e!o!seu!interior!pouco!tinha!de!
casa,!porque!os!utensílios!domésticos!a
lanternas,!bancos,!mesas!e!até!camas!–!
tinham!sido!quase!todos!resgatados!ao!
mar.!Muitas!possuíam!vigias!a!servir!de!
janelas,!e,!como!davam!para!o!precipício!
e!para!o!mar!lá!em!baixo,!criavam!a!
ilusão!de!nos!encontrarmos!num!navio!
ancorado!no!cimo!de!uma!montanha.!
Aquelas!casas!eram!construídas!com!
restos!dos!naufrágios!com!que!os!recifes!
das!Flores!e!do!Corvo!presentearam,!ao!
longo!de!séculos,!os!navios!que!por!ali!
passavam.!Os!ingleses!encontraram!
hospitalidade!numa!casa!em!cuja!
fachada!se!destacavam,!a!branco,!as!
palavras!The!Plymouth!Baltimore,!o!que!
talvez!os!tenha!ajudado!a!sentiremase!
quase!em!casa.!De!facto,!passaram!uma!
noite!reparadora!e!no!dia!seguinte!
retomaram!a!viagem!na!sua!vela.
!
!
Antonio!Tabucchi,!Mulher.de.Porto.Pim,.Outros.
Fragmentos,!1983!
!
!
FORA%DE%CAMPO!
!
Sandro!Aguilar:!Por!exemplo,!naquele!
díptico!em!que!os!veados!olham!para!a!
esquerda,!existe!a!sensação!de!que!eles!
estão!a!relacionarase!com!alguma!coisa!
que!está!fora!de!campo,!e!isso!ajuda!a!
criar!essa!ideia!duma!narrativa!que!está!
a!acontecer,!paralela,!longe!do!alcance!
do!nosso!olhar.!Por!exemplo,!eu!tenho!
muito!a!tentação!de!olhar!para!estas!
fotografias!e!imaginar!o!som!que!está!a!
ser!produzido!em!cada!uma!delas,!é!
muito!sugestivo.!O!caso!mais!evidente!se!
calhar,!é!esse!do!tiro!para!o!carro,!tenho!
muito!a!tentação!de!prencher!esse!
intervalo!invisível!com!qualquer!coisa!
em!off,!mas!que!está!a!ser!ouvida,!e!se!
calhar!é!um!artifício!que!eu!estou!a!usar!
que!é!do!cinema,!para!o!photobook.!
André!Príncipe:![risos]!Claro,!é!isso!que!
tu!fazes!na!montagem,!e!nos!teus!filmes,!
aqui!não!há.!O!que!há!é!o!virar!da!
página.
SA:!Mas!é!esse!olhar!para!fora!de!campo,!
que!há!no!livro,!que!me!ajuda!a!imaginar!
o!fora!de!campo,!e!não!lhe!podendo!dar!
uma!imagem,!dou!um!som.
!
!
!
44
!
! !
!
AP:!Essa!ideia!do!fora!de!campo,!que!eu!
ouvi!pela!primeira!vez!no!conservatório,!
é!para!mim,!uma!ideia!absolutamente!
fundamental,!o!fora!de!campo!é!tudo!!
Quando!eu!falava!da!fronteira!do!que!
podes!filmar!ou!não,!é!uma!luta!perdida!
à!partida,!eu!quero!filmar!o!mundo!todo,!
desde!o!ínicio!do!tempos!até!sempre,!e!
quero!estar!em!todos!os!sítios,!quero!
estar!dentro!das!casas!na!Índia,!para!
saber!tudo,!para!perceber,!e!não!poder!
fazer!isso!pode!ser!desesperante,!mas!
graças!à!ideia!de!fora!de!campo,!podes!
então!negociar!isso!outra!vez,!tudo!o!que!
não!conseguistes!filmar!é!o!fora!de!
campo,!e!o!fora!de!campo!são!os!teus!
espectadores,!os!teus!leitores!que!hãoa
de!completar!com!as!imagens!que!eles!
viram,!das!suas!experiências,!da!sua!
infância.!Se!tu!conseguires…!pode!soar!
meio!místico,!mas!se!houver!uma!
organização!honesta!dos!materiais,!pode!
ser!que!toques!em!zonas!que!são!da!
história!pessoal!do!leitor,!do!seu!
passado!ou!futuro,!das!suas!projecções,!
e!de!alguma!maneira!essas!imagens!
estão!a!ser!produzidas!pelo!leitor.!Esta!é!
a!aposta!sempre.
!
Uma!conversa!entre!André!Príncipe!e!Sandro!
Aguilar,!2012!!
!
!
FOREIGN!Arriving!at!each!new!ciy,!the!
traveler!finds!again!a!past!of!his!that!he!
did!not!know!he!had:!the!foreignness!of!
what!you!no!longer!are!or!no!longer!
possess!lies!in!wait!for!you!in!foreign,!
unpossessed!places.
!
!
Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972!
!
%
FOREIGNNESS!Stephanie!Spray:!I!have!
been!working!and!living!in!Nepal!on!and!
off!since!1999.!I!started!making!films!
there!in!2006.!In!2010,!I!had!been!
shooting!in!a!small!village!outside!
Pokhara,!mostly!with!a!woman!named!
Bindu!and!her!family!–!she!appears!in!
the!second!shot!of!Manakamana,!
holding!a!basket!of!flowers.!I!was!feeling!
stymied!because!life!in!the!village!had!
become!predictable,!and!so!I!started!
looking!for!ways!to!shake!up!what!I!was!
shooting.!I!had!heard!about!a!cable!car!
that!took!passengers!to!the!popular!
Hindu!temple!of!Manakamana,!the!wisha
fulfilling!goddess,!and!thought!a!cable!
car!would!be!a!novel!location!for!a!film.!I!
offered!to!take!Bindu!and!her!son!Kamal!
on!the!cable!car,!and!shot!the!ride!on!
video.!This!experience!made!me!feel!that!
the!surreality!of!riding!in!the!cable!car,!
high!above!the!jungle,!and!the!mix!of!
emotions!the!trip!inspires,!was!worthy!
of!a!film!in!itself![…].
Pacho!Velez:!For!me,!the!choice!to!work!
in!Nepal!was!largely!incidental.!I!like!
traveling!and!experiencing!different!
cultures,!and!I!think!that!‘foreignness’!
can!be!a!useful!element!in!films!when!it!
functions!as!an!alienation!effect!to!let!
audiences!see!something!familiar!with!
fresh!eyes,!but!I!am!more!animated!by!
themes!like!performance,!mobility,!and!
technology!than!by!a!deep!investment!in!
any!one!particular!culture.!I!think!that!
Stephanie!feels!quite!differently,!and!the!
difference!has!been!productive!for!our!
collaboration.
!
!
!
Stephanie!Spray!and!Pacho!Velez,!interviewed!
by!Lucien!CastaingaTaylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,!
2013!
!
!
FORGETFULNESS%Memory’s%images,!
once!they!are!fixed!in!words,!are!erased.
%
!
Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972!
!
!
FORMULA%S%+%V%=%P!Noun:!Sex!+!
and!he!offered!me!ten!dollars!to!release!
him.!Now,!to!speak!the!truth,!I!had!but!
ten!cents!in!the!world,!and!it!surpassed!
my!arithmetic!to!tell,!if!I!was!that!man!
who!had!ten!cents,!or!who!had!a!farm,!or!
ten!dollars,!or!all!together.!However,!I!
let!him!keep!the!ten!dollars!and!the!farm!
too,!for!I!had!carried!it!far!enough;!or!
rather,!to!be!generous,!I!sold!him!the!
farm!for!just!what!I!gave!for!it,!and,!as!he!
was!not!a!rich!man,!made!him!a!present!
of!ten!dollars,!and!still!had!my!ten!cents,!
and!seeds,!and!materials!for!a!
wheelbarrow!left.!I!found!thus!that!I!had!
been!a!rich!man!without!any!damage!to!
my!poverty.!But!I!retained!the!
landscape,!and!I!have!since!annually!
carried!off!what!it!yielded!without!a!
wheelbarrow.
!
!
Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden,!1854!
!
!
FRAME!Three!young!men,!in!closeaup,!
with!a!window!behind!them;!we!can!see!
green!vegetation!in!the!background,!
through!the!window:!a!frame!inside!the!
frame.!They!all!have!long,!black!hair!and!
wear!black!tashirts.!They!seem!to!be!
posing!for!a!picture!the!middle!man!is!
taking!(his!arm!stretched,!the!hand!
outside!the!frame),!because!the!one!on!
the!right!is!making!a!familiar!gesture.
!
!
Violence!=!Profits!perfected!by!
Hollywood.!The!surefire!boxaoffice!film!
formula!exported!to!developing!film!
industries!the!world!over.!Move!over!
village!storyteller…!Enter!the!S!+!V!=!P!
megaman…
%
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013!
!
!
FORTUNE!My!imagination!carried!me!
so!far!that!I!even!had!the!refusal!of!
several!farms!–!the!refusal!was!all!I!
wanted!–!but!I!never!got!my!fingers!
burned!by!actual!possession.!The!
nearest!that!I!came!to!actual!possession!
was!when!I!bought!the!Hollowell!place,!
and!had!begun!to!sort!my!seeds,!and!
collected!materials!with!which!to!make!
a!wheelbarrow!to!carry!it!on!or!off!with;!
but!before!the!owner!gave!me!a!deed!of!
it,!his!wife!–!every!man!has!such!a!wife!–!
changed!her!mind!and!wished!to!keep!it,!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
FUTURO%(OUTRA%IDEIA%DE)%Deixaa
ramano!sozinho!e!foram!carregar!o!
barco!e,!depois!de!arrancar!aos!puxões!a!
45
!
roupa!de!viagem!e!vestir!um!calção!de!
banho!e!umas!sandálias,!pôsase!a!andar!
pela!ilha.!Ainda!não!se!via!ninguém,!o!sol!
ganhava!impulso!lentamente,!e!crescia!
do!matagal!um!cheiro!sutil,!um!pouco!
ácido,!misturado!com!o!iodo!do!vento.!
Deviam!ser!dez!horas!quando!chegou!ao!
penhasco!do!norte!e!reconheceu!a!maior!
das!enseadas.!Preferia!ficar!sozinho,!
embora!tivesse!gostado!mais!de!tomar!
banho!na!praia!de!areia;!a!ilha!o!invadia!
e!gozava!isso!com!tal!intimidade!que!não!
era!capaz!de!pensar!ou!de!escolher.!A!
pele!lhe!ardia!de!sol!e!de!vento!quando!
se!despiu!atrás!de!uma!pedra!para!
mergulhar!no!mar;!a!água!estava!fria!e!
lhe!fez!bem,!deixouase!conduzir!pelas!
correntes!insidiosas!até!a!entrada!de!
uma!gruta,!voltou!para!o!mar!aberto,!
abandonouase!de!costas,!aceitou!tudo!
num!só!ato!de!conciliação!que!era!
também!um!nome!para!o!futuro.
%
!
Julio!Cortázar,!“A!ilha!ao!meioadia”,!1966!
!
!
!
GAS!Making!a!film!is!like!taking!a!long!
trip.!The!film!voyager!can!load!up!with!a!
full!tank!and!bring!a!credit!card!along!to!
insure!completion!of!the!voyage!in!as!
short!a!time!as!possible.!The!voyager!
can!also!load!up!with!a!few!cups!of!
gasoline!and!drive!until!he!runs!out!and!
scrounge!around!for!subsequent!cups!of!
gas!to!get!to!his!destination,!without!
worrying!about!how!long!it!takes!to!
complete!the!voyage.!Completing!the!
artwork!is!the!voyage!all!artists!set!out!
to!do,!whether!painter,!writer!or!
filmmaker.!The!length!of!the!trip,!
TIMEWISE,!is!a!matter!of!choice!
depending!on!the!combination!of!
ingredients!–!inspiration,!resources,!
tools!and!working!materials!available,!
personal!circumstances!like!family!or!
emotional!disturbances,!etc.!Assuming!
the!filmmaker!has!the!optimal!mix!of!
these!ingredients!to!complete!a!filmic!
work!of!art,!he!can!still!choose!the!
timeframe:!Either!to!follow!the!dictum:!
“Time!is!money”,!and!battle!with!the!
clock!to!finish!his!artwork:!in!the!
shortest!period,!or!to!allow!time!to!be!
46
!
! !
!
his!ally!and!open!up!to!cosmic!
inspirations!provided!by!a!relatively!
free!timeframe!.!The!efficient!path!(i.e.!
timesaving)!is!the!usual!mode!of!
commercial!productions,!whether!one!is!
doing!a!Hollywood!Cecil!B.!de!Mille!film!
or!a!Third!World!boxaoffice!hit.!This!is!
dictated!by!the!laws!of!the!investment!
world,!where!films!are!mainly!a!
consumer!product!to!be!served!like!
McDonald’s!hamburgers.!The!
McDonaldization!of!films!is!a!reality!I!
accept!and!do!not!want!to!waste!energy,!
fighting!it]!The!inefficient!road!(i!.e!.!
timeaindulging),!full!of!detours!and!
explorable!nooks,!is!a!choice!which!can!
be!a!luxury!of!artistic!filmmakers!in!the!
richer!countries!(i!.e!.!the!First!World)!
and!can!be!a!matter!of!necessity!in!the!
case!of!Third!World!filmmakers.!
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!“CupsaofaGas!Filmmaking!vs!.!
Full!TankacumaCredit!Card!Fillmaking”,!The!
Challenge!of!Third!World!Culture,!1986!
!
!
GEOMETRES,!l’une!des!nombreuses!
îles!montagneuses!bordant!la!Terre!de!
Feu.!Sèche!et!stérile,!avec!de!vastes!cités!
47
!
silencieuses!au!dessin!parfaitement!
régulier.!Les!habitants!passent!leur!
temps!à!dessiner!des!plans!sur!le!sable.!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Pierre!
François!Guyot,!abbé!Desfontaines,!Le.Nouveau.
Gulliver.ou.Voyage.de.Jean.Gulliver,.fils.du.
capitaine.Gulliver..Traduit.d’un.manuscrit.anglais.
par.M..l’abbé.de.D..F.,!Paris,!1730!
!
!
GESTO%Com!Man.of.Aran,!Flaherty!
provou!definitivamente!que!o!que!lhe!
interessava!não!era!a!narrativa,!ou!seja,!
o!impulso,!de!algum!modo!exógeno!em!
relação!à!prática!inicial!do!cinema,!que!
provocara!muitas!das!transformações!
preponderantes!nas!primeiras!décadas!
dele.!O!que!interessava!Flaherty!era!o!
gesto!–!não!o!gesto!como!desenho!
espacial,!como!em!quase!todos!os!outros!
grandes!cineastas!do!mudo,!mas!o!gesto!
no!tempo,!ou!seja,!o!seu!acontecer.!E!se!
isso!era!já!evidente!nas!sua!obras!da!
década!de!vinte,!a!confirmação!disso!
aqui,!neste!filme!realizado!em!tempo!de!
sonoro!e!num!contexto!facultado!pela!
comunidade!documentarista!(em!grande!
parte!discípula!confessa!dele),!torna!esta!
obra!ainda!mais!notável,!porquanto!
coerente,!genuína!e!resistente.!Ao!longo!
dos!seus!76!minutos,!Man.of.Aran!é!
basicamente!construído!a!partir!de!
quatro!longas!sequências!(em!que!a!
última!é!uma!espécie!de!
desenvolvimento!da!primeira),!cada!
uma!delas!essencialmente!centrada!num!
gesto!arrancado!à!vivência!local,!e!se!
necessário!à!memória!local.!A!entrada!do!
barco!em!terra!e!a!salvação!da!rede,!a!
construção!dos!solos!cultiváveis,!o!
arpoamento!do!“tubarão!gigante”!(de!
que!a!pesca!à!linha!de!Mikeleen!na!
falésia!não!é!senão!a!antecâmara),!a!
manobra!do!“curragh”:!entre!as!várias!
heresias!desta!obra,!uma!tal!redução!e!
uma!tal!extensão!temporal!dos!gestos!
será!portanto!a!maior,!confirmando!não!
só!um!carácter!de!contraacorrente,!mas!
já!quase!um!anacronismo.!Para!pôr!Man.
of.Aran!em!contexto!(tal!como,!depois,!
para!perceber!a!verdadeira!grandeza!de!
Louisiana.Story),!é!preciso!pensar!no!
cinema!moderno,!de!que!aqui!temos!
uma!espécie!de!duplo!antecedente,!em!
parte!por!aquilo!em!que!foi!coincidente!
48
!
! !
!
com!a!primeira!década!do!
documentarismo,!em!parte!por!aquilo!
em!que!estava!muito!aquém!ou!além!
disso.!O!gesto,!ou!seja,!o!duplo!gesto!da!
câmara!e!daquele!que!é!filmado,!o!
trabalho!infinito!(outra!vez,!dois!anos!de!
experiência!local)!desse!único!
parâmetro!–!não!a!montagem!(apesar!da!
conjugação!tensa!com!o!trabalho!do!
montador,!o!primeiro!na!sua!carreira),!
não!o!som!(apesar!da!solução!
encontrada!depois,!e!ela!própria!
inovadora,!do!processo!de!gravação!
quase!espontânea!em!face!das!imagens).!
O!lugar!exacto!da!câmara,!o!momento!
exacto!e!a!distância!exacta!(ficando!este!
último!parâmetro!muito!associado!à!
escolha,!agora!enfatizada,!das!objectivas!
de!longa!distância!focal):!são!estes!os!
elementos!do!trabalho!de!Man.of.Aran,!
que!tanta!gente!descurou,!ou!enalteceu!
condescendentemente,!em!face!das!
polémicas!sobre!o!sentido!social!
romantizado!(mas!porque!não!dizer!
directamente!mitificado?)!da!obra.!É!por!
isso!que!ninguém!escreveu!melhor!
sobre!este!filme!do!que!o!assistente!local!
de!Robert!Flaherty,!Pat!Mullen,!para!
quem!estes!mesmos!gestos!foram!muito!
mais!do!que!a!matéria!de!um!filme,!e!é!
por!isso!que!nenhumas!páginas!o!
denunciam!melhor!do!que!as!que!Mullen!
consagrou!à!filmagem!da!cena!final!
(neste!caderno!parcialmente!
transcritas),!na!qual!vem!ao!de!cima!a!
ideia!do!final!de!Nanook,!ou!seja,!a!maior!
carga!épica!no!gesto!aparentemente!
mais!simples,!ou!mais!essencial!(Nanook!
a!dormir!na!tempestade,!Patcheen!e!os!
seus!companheiros!a!dominarem!o!
“curragh”).!
%
!
José!Manuel!Costa,!2013!
!
!
GLOBALIZATION!Our!film!is!about!
globalization!and!the!sea,!the!“forgotten!
space”!of!our!modernity.
First!and!foremost,!globalization!is!the!
penetration!of!the!multinational!
corporate!economy!into!every!nook!and!
cranny!of!human!life.!It!is!the!latest!
incarnation!of!an!imperative!that!has!
long!been!accepted!as!vital!necessity,!
even!before!economics!could!claim!the!
status!of!a!science.!The!first!law!of!
!
protoacapitalism:!markets!must!multiply!
through!foreign!trade!or!they!will!
stagnate!and!die.!As!the!most!
sophisticated!of!the!17th!century!
defenders!of!mercantilism,!William!
Petty,!put!it:!“There!is!much!more!to!be!
gained!by!Manufacture!than!Husbandry,!
and!by!Merchandize!than!Manufacture.!
A!Seaman!is!in!effect!three!Husbanda
men.”!(Political.Arithmetick,!1690).
The!contemporary!vision!of!an!
integrated,!globalized,!selfaregulating!
capitalist!world!economy!can!be!traced!
back!to!some!of!these!axioms!of!the!
capitalist!“spirit!of!adventure.”!And!yet!
what!is!largely!missing!from!the!current!
picture!is!any!sense!of!material!
resistance!to!the!expansion!of!the!
market!imperative.!Investment!flows!
intangibly,!through!the!ether,!as!if!by!
magic.!Money!begets!money.!Wealth!is!
weightless.!Sea!trade,!when!it!is!
remembered!at!all,!is!a!relic!of!an!older!
and!obsolete!economy,!a!world!of!
decrepitude,!rust,!and!creaking!cables,!
of!the!slow!movement!of!heavy!things.!If!
Petty’s!old!fable!held!that!a!seafarer!was!
worth!three!peasants,!neither!count!for!
much!in!the!even!more!fabulous!new!
equation.!And!yet!we!would!all!die!
without!the!toil!of!farmers!and!
seafarers.
glossary!includes!entries!on!real!and!
imaginary!places,!descriptions!of!islands!
in!general!and!films!in!particular,!
contributions!by!the!filmmakers,!
philosophical!speculations,!short!and!
large!quotations,!poems!and!songs,!
unpublished!texts!and!random!Google!
searches.
Like!the!film!program,!the!glossary!
follows!a!motif!by!proposing!a!trip!with!
different!stops,!wanderings,!detours!and!
dialectical!encounters.!But,!first!and!
foremost,!it!is!only!an!excuse!for!a!
meeting!with!the!films!and!between!the!
films,!a!pretext!to!start!a!conversation!or!
just!a!record!of!a!process!mingling!
method!and!improvisation!in!an!
inextricable!way.
The!multilingual!arrangement!of!this!
glossary!is,!as!everything!else!in!Doc’s!
Kingdom,!a!result!of!practical!
constraints,!ethical!principles,!longaterm!
wishes,!hard!work!and!a!lot!of!fun.!This!
heterogeneous!linguistic!expression!is!a!
perfect!match!watching!and!discussing!
the!same!films!together,!but!nonetheless!
experiencing!different!visions!not!totally!
shareable!or!understandable!(and!yet,!
trying!and!failing!and!trying!again!and!
failing!better).
!
GOD!In!Perfumed!Nightmare,!little!
!
!
Allan!Sekula!and!Noël!Burch,!“Notes!for!a!Film”,!
2010!
!
!
GLOSSARY%This!glossary!is!an!
experimental!project!resulting!from!a!
creative!constraint!–!giving!information!
on,!about!and!around!the!films!shown!in!
an!undisclosed!program!–!and,!as!a!
consequence,!producing!new!
correspondences!in!a!constellation!of!
ideas.!The!form!of!the!glossary!–!a!
seemingly!neutral!structure!that!can!be!
experienced!differently!by!each!reader,!
either!linearly!or!jumping!back!and!forth!
across!the!entries!–!is!thus!the!most!
appropriate!image!of!the!program:!an!
eclectic!collection!of!figures,!gestures,!
places,!ideas,!problems!and!ways!of!
experiencing!the!world!through!cinema.
Inspired!by!the!Dictionary.of.Imaginary.
Places,!by!Manguel!and!Guadalupi,!
originally!published!in!1980,!this!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Nuno!Lisboa,!2013!
!
!
Kidlat,!the!hero,!is!fascinated!by!Werner!
von!Braun’s!world!and!Cape!Kennedy!
and!hiatech!society.!He!comes!to!realize!
that!his!strength!is!in!his!own!Filipino!
identity.!For!the!music!in!
Perfumed_Nightmare,!I!had!a!Kidlat!
theme.!It’s!a!piece!from!the!Koran.!I!had!
been!provided!with!tapes!of!
ethnographic!music,!including!three!
tapes!of!Muslim!music!from!Mindanao.!
But!of!so!many!tunes!I!instinctively!
chose!a!particular!tune!without!
understanding!the!Arabic!text,!and!
repeated!it!throughout!the!film.!After!my!
first!screening!in!Paris,!an!Egyptian!
student!excitedly!asked!me!how!I!had!
chosen!the!music!and!said!that!the!
words!were!so!relevant.!Then!he!
explained!that!in!the!song,!after!
Abraham!was!asked!by!God!to!sacrifice!
his!son,!he!is!confused!about!why!God!
49
!
would!ask!for!blood.!In!trying!to!
understand!God!he!sees!the!moon!and!
asks,!“Is!that!my!God?”!The!moon!
disappears;!he!is!disappointed.!Like!
wise!the!sun!provokes!him!to!ask!“Is!
that!my!God?!The!sun!rises!and!sets!.!He!
continues!questioning.!The!stars!come!
and!go;!finally!he!concludes!that!God!is!
within!himself.!
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!“CupsaofaGas!Filmmaking!vs!.!
Full!TankacumaCredit!Card!Fillmaking”,!The.
Challenge.of.Third.World.Culture,!1986!
!
!
GREEN%A!dense!mass!of!limeagreen!
leaves!of!unidentified!plants.!It!is!not!
possible!to!say!if!they!are!suspended!or!
rooted.
!
!
!
!
!
!
digesting!an!elephant.!But!since!the!
grownaups!were!not!able!to!understand!
it,!I!made!another!drawing:!I!drew!the!
inside!of!a!boa!constrictor,!so!that!the!
grownaups!could!see!it!clearly.!They!
always!need!to!have!things!explained.
HABITANTE!
Meu!espírito!é!semelhante!a!esta!ilha,
E!minha!sorte,!a!este!oceano.
E,!eu!sou!um!habitante!tranquilo
da!tempestade!e!do!furacão.
!
!
!
!
!
!
V.!Hugo,!Contemplations,!1856!
!
SaintaExupéry,!Litlle.Prince,!1943!
!
!
HAT!I!pondered!deeply,!then,!over!the!
adventures!of!the!jungle.!And!after!some!
work!with!a!colored!pencil!I!succeeded!
in!making!my!first!drawing.!My!Drawing!
Number!One.!It!looked!something!like!
this:
Drawing!Number!One
!
!
!
!
I!showed!my!masterpiece!to!the!growna
ups,!and!asked!them!whether!the!
drawing!frightened!them.
But!they!answered:!“Frighten?!Why!
should!any!one!be!frightened!by!a!hat?”
My!drawing!was!not!a!picture!of!a!hat.!It!
was!a!picture!of!a!boa!constrictor!
!
!
50
!
! !
!
!
%
HIKIHOHO!–!Não!têm!o!direito!de!lhe!
chamar!Parlay.!É!como!está!nos!mapas!
do!almirantado,!e!também!nos!mapas!
franceses,!com!o!nome!Hikihoho.!
Bougainville!descobriuao!e!pôsalhe!o!
nome!que!lhe!davam!os!indígenas.
a!Que!interessa!o!nome?!–!perguntou!o!
imediato,!aproveitando!estar!a!fazer!uso!
da!fala!para!fazer!uma!pausa,!com!os!
braços!enfiados!nas!mangas!da!camisola!
interior.!–!Está!aqui,!mesmo!à!nossa!
frente,!e!o!velho!Parlay!está!lá!com!as!
pérolas.!
a!Quem!viu!as!pérolas?!–!interrogou!
Hermann,!olhando!os!outros!um!a!um.!
a!Toda!a!gente!sabe!–!ripostou!o!
comissário!de!bordo.![…]!–!Hikihoho!
pertence!ao!velho!Parlay.!Tem!uma!
fortuna!em!pérolas,!acumulada!durante!
!
!
!
51
!
anos!e!anos,!e!há!umas!semanas!fez!
saber!que!ia!leiloáalas!amanhã.![…]!Seja!
como!for,!a!história!é!esta:!Parlay!é!um!
francês!puroasangue.!Contouame!uma!
vez!que!veio!de!Paris.!Aliás,!tem!a!
pronúncia!de!um!verdadeiro!parisiense.!
Chegou!cá!no!bom!tempo.!Meteuase!no!
comércio!e!no!resto.!Foi!assim!que!veio!
parar!a!Hikihoho.!Fezase!negociante!
quando!o!comércio!era!uma!coisa!a!
sério.!Viviam!na!ilha!uns!cem!
paumotanos!miseráveis.!Casou!com!a!
rainha!…!à!maneira!nativa.!Quando!ela!
morreu,!ficou!com!tudo.!Houve!uma!
epidemia!de!varíola!e!só!restou!uma!
dúzia!de!sobreviventes.!Sustentouaos,!
influenciouaos!e!aceitaramano!como!rei.!
Ora!a!rainha,!antes!de!morrer,!tinha!tido!
uma!filha,!Armande.!Quando!tinha!três!
anos!ele!mandouaa!para!o!convento!de!
Papeete.!Quando!tinha!sete!ou!oito!anos,!
mandouaa!para!França.!Estão!agora!a!
ver!a!situação?!O!convento!melhor!e!
mais!aristocrático!de!França!não!lhe!
parecia!suficientemente!bom!para!a!filha!
única!de!um!rei!capitalista!de!uma!ilha!
das!Paumotus.!E!vocês!sabem!que!a!
velha!França!não!estabelece!barreiras!de!
cor.!Foi!educada!como!uma!princesa!e!
aceitouase!a!si!própria!da!mesma!
maneira.!Estava!convencida!de!que!era!
de!raça!branca!pura!e!nunca!sonhou!que!
se!levantasse!à!sua!volta!uma!barreira!
sinistra.!
Agora!vem!a!tragédia.!O!velho!sempre!
foi!excêntrico!e!caprichoso!e!
desempenhou!durante!tanto!tempo!o!
papel!de!déspota!em!Hikihoho!que!se!
lhe!meteu!na!cabeça!que!nada!de!mal!
poderia!acontecer!ao!rei!…!ou!à!
princesa.!Quando!Armande!fez!dezoito!
anos,!mandouaa!regressar.!Parlay!tinha!
mais!dinheiro!do!que!o!seu!peso!em!
ouro,!como!se!costuma!dizer.!Havia!
construído!um!casarão!em!Hikihoho!e!
uma!bela!casa!vistosa!em!Papeete.!Ela!ia!
chegar!no!vaporacorreio!vindo!da!Nova!
Zelândia!e!ele!meteuase!na!sua!escuna!
para!ir!ter!com!ela!a!Papeete.!Poderia!
terase!evitado!a!situação!que!se!seguiu,!
apesar!das!comadrices!e!inimizades!de!
Papeete,!se!não!fosse!o!furacão.!Não!foi!
nesse!ano!que!o!ManuaHuhi!se!afundou!
!
52
!
! !
!
e!morreram!afogados!mil!e!cem,!
homens?!
Os!outros!acenaram!em!sinal!de!
assentimento![…].
a!Bom!–!continuou!Grief!a,!o!velho!Parlay!
foi!surpreendido!pelo!mesmo!furacão!e!
chegou!a!Papeete!com!o!seu!monte!de!
pérolas!e!com!três!semanas!de!atraso.!
Tinha!tido!de!consertar!a!escuna!e!
construir!uma!rampa!de!quinhentos!
metros!para!a!poder!lançar!de!novo!ao!
mar.!E!entretanto!Armande!estava!em!
Papeete.!Ninguém!a!foi!ver.!À!maneira!
francesa,!fez!as!primeiras!visitas!ao!
governador!e!ao!médico!do!porto.!
Receberamana,!mas!as!estúpidas!das!
esposas!mandaram!dizer!que!não!
estavam!em!casa!e!não!retribuíram!a!
visita.!Foi!com!aparente!finura!que!lhe!
fizeram!saber!que!ela!não!era!da!sua!
casta,!ou!antes,!não!era!de!casta,!embora!
nem!sequer!o!imaginasse.!Havia!um!
jovem!e!leviano!tenente!no!cruzeiro!
francês.!Perdeu!o!coração!por!ela,!mas!
não!a!cabeça.!Imaginem!o!choque!da!
jovem,!refinada,!bela,!educada!como!
uma!aristocrata,!endinheirada,!
acostumada!a!tudo!o!que!de!melhor!
havia!na!velha!França.!E!já!podem!
adivinhar!o!desfecho.!–!Encolheu!os!
ombros.!–!Havia!um!criado!japonês!na!
casa.!Viu!tudo.!Contou!que!ela!agiu!com!
um!verdadeiro!espírito!de!samurai.!
Pegou!num!estilete!–!não!fui!um!
impulso,!não!se!precipitou,!não!foi!
tomada!por!uma!ânsia!avassaladora!de!
autodestruição!–!pegou!no!estilete,!
colocou!a!ponta!cuidadosamente!contra!
o!coração,!e!com!ambas!as!mãos,!
lentamente!e!com!firmeza,!enterrouao!
no!peito.!
O!velho!Parlay!chegou!depois,!com!as!
suas!pérolas.![…]!O!velho!perdeu!a!
cabeça.!Tiveram!de!lhe!pôr!um!coletea
deaforças,!fecharamano!no!Clube!
Colonial!e!ali!esteve!dois!dias.!
a!O!tio!da!mulher,!um!velho!paumotano,!
livrouao!do!colete!e!soltouao!–!
corroborou!o!comissário!de!bordo.!
a!E!então!o!velho!Parlay!começou!a!fazer!
estragos!–!prosseguiu!Grief.!–!Meteu!três!
balas!no!corpo!do!tenente…!Atirou!um!
copo!de!vinho!à!cara!do!governador;!
bateuase!em!duelo!com!o!médico!do!
!
!
!
!
!
porto;!espancou!os!criados!indígenas;!
cometeu!desacatos!no!hospital;!partiu!
duas!costelas!e!o!pescoço!a!um!
enfermeiro;!fugiu!e!voltou!à!escuna,!com!
uma!arma!em!cada!mão,!desafiando!o!
chefe!da!polícia!e!todos!os!gendarmes!a!
prendêalo,!e!zarpou!para!Hikihoho.!
Dizem!que!nunca!mais!saiu!da!ilha.
!
!
Jack!London,!“As!Pérolas!de!Parlay”,!1911!
!
!
HISTÓRIA%DOS%MARES%DO%SUL,%
UMA%Estavaase!em!fins!de!1928!e!este!
grande!viajante!e!descobridor!persistia!
em!ser!também!aquilo!que!só!o!êxito!de!
Nanook!lhe!tinha!sugerido:!um!
realizador!de!profissão.!Grande!parte!
dos!últimos!anos!tinhaaos!vivido!no!
Pacífico,!onde!nunca!chegara!a!
conseguir!prolongar!a!experiência!de!
Moana,!ou!seja,!fazer!um!filme!não!já!
sobre!a!cultura!primitiva!e!“intocada”!
mas,!precisamente,!sobre!a!ameaça!real!
que!o!choque!das!civilizações!exteriores!
produzia!sobre!essa!cultura.!Falhado,!em!
Taiti,!o!projecto!Sombras.Brancas!(que!
abandonara!ao!coarealizador!W.S.!Van!
Dyke!pela!eterna!recusa!em!aceitar!
dramatizações!exteriores!ao!quotidiano!
local),!a!esperança!de!retornar!às!ilhas!
do!pacífico!não!morrera.!As!
circunstâncias!estavam!portanto!
reunidas!para!erguer!um!novo!projecto,!
que!desta!vez!apareceria!pela!mão!de!
Murnau.
Com!efeito,!das!conversas!entre!este!
último!e!o!irmão!de!Robert!Flaherty!
surgira!a!proposta:!fundarem!uma!
companhia!própria!e!partirem!juntos!no!
recémacomprado!iate!de!Murnau!em!
busca!de!paraísos!perdidos,!onde!
filmariam!o!que!muito!bem!lhes!
apetecesse,!de!costas!voltadas!às!
grandes!companhias!de!Hollywood.!
Confiavam!no!crédito!garantido!pelo!
nome!do!realizador!alemão!e!numa!certa!
complementaridade!de!talentos.!Plenos!
de!fé!nas!Produções!MurnauaFlaherty,!
rumaram!às!ilhas!Marquesas!em!meados!
de!1929!–!na!rota!do!Cruzeiro!Sul!de!
Melville,!Steveson!ou!Conrad!–!e!
acabaram!por!se!fixar!em!Taiti,!onde!
iniciaram!a!nova!película!com!o!dinheiro!
de!Murnau!e!uma!reduzida!equipa!
%
!
!
!
formada!no!local.!O!argumento!nasceu!
de!uma!história!contada!por!Flaherty,!
que!girava!em!torno!de!um!apanhador!
de!pérolas.!Mas!aqui!começaram!os!
problemas.!Para!o!autor!de!Moana,!o!que!
se!tratava,!agora,!era!de!falar!do!choque!
de!culturas!e!da!destruição!dos!
costumes!locais.!Ao!invés,!para!Murnau,!
era!a!própria!evocação!desses!costumes!
e,!sobretudo,!dos!ecos!lendários!que!em!
torno!deles!se!tinham!espalhado,!tudo!
isto!moldado!por!um!sólido,!mesmo!que!
exterior,!suporte!narrativo.!Com!o!
desejo!de!introdução!directa!de!uma!
lenda!–!que!deu!o!título!ao!filme!–!ele!
quebrava!os!princípios!de!construção!de!
Flaherty.!E!então,!sendo!um!elemento!
secundário!no!esquema!de!produção!e!
financiamento,!Flaherty!não!lutou!pelo!
seu!projecto,!antes!preferiu!a!deslocação!
gradual!para!os!bastidores.!Filmou!
ainda,!e!apenas,!imagens!contextuais!e,!
mais!tarde,!já!na!fase!final,!acabou!por!
vender!a!sua!quota!a!Murnau!e!
abandonar!a!produção.
!
!
José!Manuel!Costa,!Folha!da!cinemateca!sobre!
Tabu,!2007!
!
!
HOMEM,%LUISA!Lisboa,!1978.!
Frequentou!o!curso!de!Ciências!da!
Comunicação,!variante!Cinema,!da!
Universidade!Nova!de!Lisboa.!Foi!
bolseira!Erasmus!e!frequentou!o!curso!
de!cinema!da!Universidade!Paris!8.!
Colaborou!com!o!Laboratório!de!Criação!
Cinematográfica!da!Nova.!Frequentou!os!
Ateliers!Varan!no!Programa!Criatividade!
e!Criação!Artística!da!Fundação!Calouste!
Gulbenkian.!É!sócia!fundadora!da!
produtora!Terratreme!Filmes.!Realizou!
com!o!Pedro!Pinho!o!laboratório!de!
cinema!Nomadlab!em!Maputo,!em!
parceria!com!o!Dockanema.!É!
responsável!pelo!laboratório!de!vídeo!II,!
no!Ar.Co.!Realizou!recentemente!uma!
residência!artística!na!Casa!da!Imagem,!
em!Gaia.!Trabalha!actualmente!como!
realizadora,!montadora!e!produtora.!
Realizou!vários!filmes!documentais,!de!
que!se!destacam!Retratos.(Fórum!
Gulbenkian!Imigração)!e!As.cidades.e.as.
trocas.(coarealização!Pedro!Pinho),!bem!
como!séries!documentais!de!televisão,!
como.No.trilhos.dos.Naturalistas:.São.
53
!
Tomé.e.Príncipe.(coarealização!Tiago!
Hespanha)!e!Um.dia.no.Museu.(série!de!
13!episódios!para!RTP2,!CRIM).!
Trabalha!regularmente!como!
montadora,!destacandoase!os!filmes!Bab.
Sebta.de!Frederico!Lobo!e!Pedro!Pinho,!
retrato.de.inverno.de.uma.paisagem.
ardida!de!Inês!Sapeta,.Visita.Guiada!de!
Tiago!Hespanha,!Lacrau!de!João!
Vladimiro!e!Um.fim.do.mundo.de!Pedro!
Pinho.
!
!
!
HOOLOOMOOLOO,!an!Island!of!the!
Mardi!Archipelago,!heaped!with!rocks!
and!covered!with!dwarfed,!twisted!
thickets.!
It!is!sometimes!known!as!the!Isle!of!
Cripples!because!the!inhabitants!of!
surrounding!islands;!averse!to!the!
barbarous!custom!of!destroying!at!birth!
all!infants!asymmetrically!formed,!but!
wanting!equally!to!remove!them!from!
sight,!long!ago!established!an!asylum!for!
cripples!on!Hooloomooloo.!The!
descendants!of!the!exiles!still!live!here,!
subject!to!their!own!laws!and!ruled!by!a!
king!of!their!own!choice.!They!are!not!
allowed!to!leave!the!island,!because!the!
rest!of!the!archipelago!wants!nothing!to!
do!with!them.!
!
!
The!natives!ofHooloomooloo!are!not!
certain,!however,!that!they!are!cripples,!
and!explain!to!visitors!that!whether!a!
person!is!hideous!or!handsome!depends!
upon!who!is!made!judge.!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Herman!
Melville,.Mardi,.and.A.Voyage.Thither,!New!York,!
1849!
!
!
HORIZONTE%Quando!me!falavam!de!
horizonte!retirado,!de!Magos!que!
sabiam!retiraranos!o!horizonte!e!só!o!
horizonte,!deixando!visível!todo!o!resto,!
julgava!eu!que!fosse!uma!espécie!de!
frase!idiomática,!graça!que!apenas!à!
língua!dissesse!respeito.!
Certo!dia,!comigo!presente,!um!Mago!
retirou!a!toda!a!minha!volta!o!horizonte.!
Fosse!magnetismo,!sugestão!ou!causa!
diferente!(eu!estava!perto!do!mar!e!
ainda!há!pouco!podia!apreciaralhe!a!
amplitude!imensa!e!as!areias!da!praia),!
causouame!uma!angústia!de!tal!modo!
forte!que!nem!um!passo!eu!me!atreveria!
a!dar.!
Garantialhe!logo!que!estava!convencido,!
mais!isto!e!mais!aquilo.!Tinhaame!
invadido!uma!intolerável!sensação!que!
nem!me!atrevo!agora!a!evocar.!
!
!
!
!
Henri!Michaux,!No.país.da.Magia,!1967!
!
!
!
IDÉE%D’IMAGE!Dans!cette!langue!des!
images,!il!faut!perdre!complètement!la!
notion!d’image,!que!les!images!excluent!
l’idée!d’images.
!
!
Robert!Bresson,!Notes.sur.cinématographe,!1975!
!
%
IDEE%D’UN%FILM%Cahiers:!Cette!idée!
d'un!film!qui!se!passe!dans!une!île!du!
Pacifique,!étailace!une!vieille!idée,!d'où!
venaitaelle?!de!vos!propres!voyages?
Rudolph!Thome!:!Non.!En!1965!ou!66,!
j'ai!vu!Tabou!de!Murnau,!j'ai!adoré!le!
film!qui!a!été!longtemps!mon!film!
préféré!(plus!aujourd'hui).!Depuis!j'ai!dû!
avoir!le!rêve!de!faire!un!film!comme!ça.!
J'étais!fou.!Après!avoir!tourné!Rote.
Sonne,!une!chaîne!de!télé,!WDR,!ma!
proposé!de!faire!quelque!chose,!je!leur!
ai!proposé!un!sujet!sur!les!Mers!du!Sud!
mais!ils!ont!refusé,!c'était!trop!loin,!trop!
risqué!pour!eux.!J'ai!donc!fait!autre!
chose!mais!le!script!était!déjà!écrit.!Plus!
tard,!j'ai!fait!Made.in.Germany.and.USA!
et!je!l'ai!montré!au!Forum!du!Festival!de!
Berlin.!Cynthia!Beatt!et!un!distributeur!
anglais!l'ont!vu!et!l'ont!beaucoup!aimé.!
Nous!nous!sommes!vus,!nous!avons!
!
54
!
! !
!
beaucoup!parlé!et!le!résultat!est!que!
Cynthia!Beatt!est!venue!à!Berlin!et!que!
nous!avons!vécu!quatre!ans!ensemble.!
Elle!est!née!à!la!Jamaïque!et!a!vécu!six!
ou!sept!ans!aux!îles!Fidji…!
C!:!Mais!je!suppose!que!sa!motivation!à!
elle!n'était!pas!de!rêfaire!Tabou!parce!
que!dans!le!film!on!a!l'impression!que!
son!intérêt!est!plus!idéologique,!plus!
tourné!vers!l'expérience!de!la!vie!
communautaire!et!son!échec.!Hier,!vous!
disiez!qu'il!y!avait!l'esprit!de!Tabou!dans!
votre!film!mais!aussi!le!tempo!de!
Milestones!de!Kramer.!Cynthia!Beatt,!ce!
serait!un!peu!le!côté!Kramer!du!film,!
non?!
RT!:!Exactement.!Elle!ne!s'intéressait!
qu'aux!films!expérimentaux,!elle!
n'aimait!pas!les!films!de!fiction.!Et!puis,!
ou!s'est!mis!à!aller!au!cinéma!ensemble!
et!elle!s'est!mise!à!aimer!des!films!de!
Hawks,!etc.!Son!rôle!dans!le!film!est!très!
fort.!Mais!notre!idée!à!tous!deux!était!de!
choisir!un!bout!de!réalité!assez!petit!
pour!qu'on!puisse!tout!avoir.!Pour!cela,!
une!petite!île!était!parfaite.!Nos!sociétés!
sont!si!compliquées!qu'il!est!très!difficile!
de!réaliser!ce!qui!s'y!passe!vraiment.!
55
!
Nous!voulions!nous!en!éloigner!pour!
décrire!une!Société!moins!compliquée.!
Mais!sur!place,!nous!avons!compris!que!
ce!monde!était!plus!étrange!que!l’on!
pouvait!se!l'imaginer.!Par!exemple,!j'ai!
beaucoup!travaillé!sur!le!langage!des!
habitants!de!l'île!d'Ureparapara!et!pour!
traduire!quatre!lignes!de!texte,!il!m'a!
fallu!près!de!dix!heures!de!travail!!C'est!
une!toute!autre!manière!de!penser…!
C!:!Même!si!le!mythe!du!bon!sauvage!
persiste,!on!sait!aujourd'hui!que!les!
sociétés!dites!“primitives”!sont!très!
complexes.!Murnau!croyait!au!bon!
sauvage!mais!vous,!estace!que!vous!
croyiez!à!ce!à!quoi!Murnau.croyait?.
RT:!Non.!C'est!l'aspect!de!Tabou!que!je!
n'aime!plus!aujourd'hui.!Parce!que!
Murnau!met!ses!pensées!et!ses!émotions!
dans!la!parole!des!indigènes.!Et!je!crois!
que!mon!film!réussit!un!peu!à!éviter!
cela.!Je!crois!être!parvenu,!pas!
consciemment!mais!intuitivement,!à!
montrer!la!vie!dans!cette!île,!comment!le!
sentiment!du!temps!fait!défaut,!
comment!rien!ne!semble!vraiment!
arriver.!Simplement,!des!fois!un!bateau!
arrive,!c'est!tout.!On!ne!sait!jamais!
quand!le!prochain!arrivera:!dans!trois!
mois!ou!le!lendemain.!Et!le!cinéma!est!
un!art!du!temps,!un!art!qui!nous!décolle!
du!temps…![…].Vous!savez!pourquoi!j'ai!
choisi!cette!île?!Non?!C’est!à!cause!de!sa!
forme!et!le!fait!que!c'était!une!île!
volcanique.!C'est!le!seul!film!mystique!
que!j'aie!fait.!Parce!que!je!suis!un!peu!
superstitieux,!comme!tout!le!monde,!et!
dans!l'île!il!y!avait!beaucoup!de!
superstitions.!Soudain,!certaines!parties!
de!l'île!étaient!taboues!parce!que!le!chef!
avait!dit!qu'un!mauvais!esprit!s’y!
trouvait.!On!ne!pouvait!pas!y!aller!
pendant!un!on!deux!jours.!Cette!île!est!
réellement!un!drôle!d'endroit.!Je!voulais!
finir!le!film!avec!un!plan!vu!d'avion!où!
ou!voyait!Cynthia!écrire!en!grosses!
lettres!avec!un!bambou!le!mot!FIN!sur!la!
plage.!Et!puis!je!voulais!boucler!le!film!
sur!luiamême!comme!ça.!Mais!quand!on!
a!voulu!faire!ça,!quand!le!pilote!est!
descendu!jusqu'à!trois!cent!pied!du!sol,!
au!niveau!du!cratère,!il!y!a!eu!soudain!
une!force!étrange!qui!s'est!emparée!de!
l'avion!comme!si!elle!voulait!le!détruire.!
56
!
! !
!
Et!le!pilote!ne!pouvait!plus!rien!faire.!
C’est!comme!si!on!avait!transgressé!
quelque!chose,!voulu!filmer!l'enfer!ou!
quelque!chose!comme!ça.!Il!n'y!a!pas!de!
fin!au!film,!il!y!a!juste!du!noir.
%
!
Rudolph!Thome!interviewé!par!Serge!Daney!et!
Yann!Lardeau,!Cahiers.du.Cinéma,!1980!
!
!
IDEIA%DE%ILHA,%UMA!Houve!um!
tempo!em!que!o!documentário!social!
(passe!a!redundância!–!no!que!conta,!
nunca!houve!outro)!abordava!a!
sociedade!e!a!História!a!partir!dos!
grupos!humanos!e!das!movimentações!
colectivas.!A!figuração!era!colectiva,!
mesmo!quando!se!criavam!personagens!
como!epítomes!do!colectivo!(Julian,!em!
Spanish.Earth).!Foi!certamente!a!
revolução.do.directo!(viragem!da!década!
de!50!para!60)!que,!com!a!sua!maior!
procura!do!gesto!banal,!quotidiano,!
levou!a!câmara!a!interessarase!mais!(ou!
correspondeu!ao!desejo!das!câmaras!de!
se!interessarem!mais)!pelos!trajectos!
individuais!–!uma!mutação!a!que,!de!
resto,!não!terá!sido!alheio!o!próprio!
facto!de!ter!começado!nessa!época,!ou!
pouco!depois,!a!história!mais!
significativa!do!diário.filmado.!(Num!
outro!sentido,!poderíamos!dizer!que!a!
reacção!de!Wiseman!contra!essa!
individualização!acentuou!a!evidência!
dela!–!e!isso!mesmo!se,!por!outro!lado,!a!
lógica!de!concentração!num!grupo!
institucional!e!num!único!lugar!também!
remetiam,!na!obra!deste,!para!a!ideia!de!
microcosmos!de!que!aqui!vamos!falar.)
Mas!se!este!foi!mais!um!dos!elementos!
das!mudanças!de!meados!do!século,!a!
verdade!é!que!nada!do!que!se!fez!então!
chegou!ao!extremo!de!individualização,!
ou!de!condensação,!que!viria!a!surgir!
depois.!Na!senda!da!própria!ideia!de!
revisitação!do!século!XX!–!o!primeiro!
século!filmado!por!inteiro,!cuja!
acumulação!audiovisual!foi!também!a!
dos!arquivos!pessoais!–,!e!sem!dúvida!
por!razões!ligadas!à!maior!dificuldade!
de!explicitar!leituras!gerais,!os!últimos!
anos!desse!século!e!os!primeiros!do!
actual!deram!origem,!e!não!cessam!de!
dar!origem,!a!mais!e!mais!obras!em!que!
a!História!é!tratada!através!de!percursos!
familiares!ou!individuais.!Contra!a!figura!
!
do!colectivo!a!figura!do!indivíduo,!
contra!o!espaço!da!multidão!o!espaço!
reduzido,!isolado,!que!parece!ser!hoje!a!
sua!representação!possível.!Se!é!verdade!
que!todo!o!cinema!é,!por!condição,!
metonímico,!a!metonímia!tornouae!
assim!uma!das!armas!mais!evidentes!na!
construção!de!muitos!dos!(grandes)!
filmes!modernos.!Um!século!numa!
história!individual,!o!mundo!num!
quarto:!é!essa!a!primeira!acepção!da!
palavra!“ilha”!que!esteve!na!base!deste!
programa!–!uma!acepção!em!relação!à!
qual!o!gesto!emblemático!de!James!
Benning!sobre!Thoreau!(a!reconsa
tituição!da!cabana!de!Walden)!surgiu!
como!uma!das!possíveis!máximas!
representações,!ponto!de!partida!e!
ponto!de!chegada.
Mas!há!uma!outra!acepção.!O!exercício!
de!depuração,!ou!de!limpeza!formal,!que!
é!o!de!boa!parte!deste!cinema!moderno,!
tem!sido!também,!não!raro,!o!exercício!
(ensaístico)!em!que!se!justapõem!
diferentes!planos!de!representação,!em!
si!mesmos!evocadores!da!experiência!
humana!nas!ilhas.!Quem!se!isola!numa!
ilha,!não!se!isola!do!mundo,!antes!
sobrepõe,!à!paisagem!dela,!a!memória!
do!mundo.!Um!dos!exercícios!cinemaa
tográficos!mais!reiterados!nestes!
últimos!anos!tem!sido!aquele!em!que,!à!
exploração!de!um!território!se!sobrepõe!
um!som!–!um!texto!a,!num!jogo!de!
dissociação!entre!exterior!e!interior,!
Geografia!e!História!(ou!Memória),!que!
evoca!essa!outra!dissociação!decorrente!
de!um!qualquer!(ilusório)!refúgio.!Entre!
a!carga!utópica!que!sempre!esteve!
associada!aos!microcosmos!das!ilhas!
(Thome:!descrição.de.uma.ilha)!e!um!tal!
exercício!de!sobreposição!interior,!não!
haverá!mais!do!que!um!prolongamento.!
A!ilha,!ou!seja,!o!plano!da!observação!
quando!justaposto!ao!do!pensamento.!
!
!
!
José!Manuel!Costa,!2013!
!
%
IF%the!rivers!withheld,!what!would!
become!of!the!sea.
!
!
Stig!Dagerman,!Our.need.for.consolation.is.
Insatiable,!1955!
!
!
ILHA!Encontravaame!agora!na!ilha!onde!
nascera;!muitos!anos!de!ausência!
!
!
!
seguida,!e!estava!ali.!Para!morrer?!O!
meu!centro,!o!âmago,!era!esta!terra!que!
afinal!eu!não!reconhecia!como!esperava,!
com!alvoroço,!com!uma!emoção!
porventura!amarga,!difícil,!mas!não!
desta!maneira!recuada,!como!se!eu!não!
fosse!vulnerável!aos!prestígios!da!minha!
tradição.!Aquilo!que!a!vista!me!dava,!
basaltos,!espumas,!corolas!altas!
fremindo,!corolas!animais,!e!as!ruas!e!
casas,!os!nomes,!evocações!de!pessoas,!
factos,!instantes!vertiginosos!e!
misteriosos,!o!tormento!e!o!júbilo,!os!
pactos!irrevogáveis!com!o!destino!
próprio,!ali,!naquele!sítio!–!nenhuma!
dessas!experiências,!nada,!nenhuma!
imagem!confirmada!pelo!olhar,!ou!esse!
odor!de!vaza!marinha,!de!jasmins,!e!o!
vento!trazido!das!montanhas,!nada!era!
vivo,!actual,!reiterado,!circulatório,!nada!
me!reatava,!um!ímpeto!do!espírito,!uma!
religação;!eram!coisas,!aquelas,!cona
feridas!como!realidades!independentes!
de!mim,!arranjos!do!espaço!que!uma!
espécie!de!indiferença!lúcida!achava!
irrecusáveis!mas!irrecuperáveis!na!
consciência,!a!consciência!não!fora!
abalada.!Eu!não!reconhecia!o!mundo,!
aquele.!Poderia!então!morrer,!
insensível,!ali?!Só!morremos!de!nós!
mesmos,!e!se!existe!uma!figura!
topográfica,!geográfica,!talvez!seja!escoa
lhida!ou!imposta!pela!inspiração!que!
dirige!profundamente!a!nossa!vida.!Esta!
ilha!não!se!integrava!na!minha!ordem!
espiritual!e!fora!nela!contudo!que!eu!
arrecadara!os!ganhos!fundamentais,!os!
primeiros,!naquelas!imagens,!nos!
acontecimentos!por!assim!dizer!
nascidos!nesses!lugares,!nascidos!deles,!
ali!concebera!como!reitoria!irreversível!
e!inocente!aquilo!que,!com!alguma!
veracidade,!alguma!retórica,!alguma!fé,!
se!chamaria!destino.!
Quase!me!apetece!escrever!que!a!
alimentação!mítica,!a!minha,!se!fizera!
daquela!substância!mas!os!elementos!
tanto!se!haviam!purificado,!de!tal!
maneira!tinham!sido!dispostos,!que!
constituíam!um!universo!autónomo,!
irreferenciável,!absoluto.!Fora!ali!que!eu!
nascera.!Mas!creio!haver!quem!nasça!de!
si!próprio!e!significa!talvez,!isto,!que!
nada!tenho!a!ver!com!a!história,!que!a!
!
57
!
criei,!eu,!à!história,!passe!a!megalomania!
se!o!é;!a!história!é!a!minha!biografia!e!os!
pontos!onde!vida!e!criação!tocam!pontos!
da!história!comum,!pensandoase!que!há!
história!comum,!são!contactos!de!que!
me!sirvo!não!para!a!ficção!da!rainha!
existência!mas!para!a!ficção!da!história!
que!serve!a!verdade!biográfica.!
Compreendi!então:!cumpriraase!aquilo!
que!eu!sempre!desejara!–!uma!vida!
subtil,!unida!e!invisível!que!o!fogo!
celular!das!imagens!devorava.!Era!uma!
vida!que!absorvera!o!mundo!e!o!
abandonara!depois,!abandonara!a!sua!
realidade!fragmentária.!Era!compacta!e!
limpa.!Gramatical.!
!
!
Herberto!Helder,!Servidões,!2013!
!
!
ILHA%1%Massa!ambulante!de!ossos!
tendões!e!vísceras!com!janelas!para!o!
exterior;!em!constante!comparação!com!
as!ilhas!que!a!rodeiam,!comporta!em!si!
mesma!o!seu!paraíso!e!o!seu!inferno,!
renegando!geralmente!o!verdadeiro!
contacto!com!as!suas!semelhantes!
usufruindo!apenas!das!pontes!frágeis!
com!finalidades!de!interesse!comercial,!
também!chamadas!de!interesseiras;!
outras!pontes!porém!são!construídas,!
mas!devido!à!difícil!manutenção!tendem!
a!cair!devido!à!corrosão!provocada!pelo!
tempo.!Estas!pontes!são!conhecidas!por!
afectivas!ou!emocionais.!Por!último,!as!
pontes!com!mais!longevidade,!embora!
em!certos!climas!com!mais!dificuldade!
do!que!noutros,!são!as!chamadas!
hereditárias;!têm!a!particularidade!de!
confinar!a!ilha!a!uma!zona!de!maior!
protecção!também!conhecida!por!
arquipélago;!por!vezes!esta!protecção!
assume!proporções!tais!que!pode!
assumir!um!carácter!destrutivo.
!
!
João!Vladimiro,!2013!
!
!
ILHA%2!Onde!nos!refugiamos,!cada!
noite,!ou!cada!dia;!quando!nos!
esquecemos!da!finalidade!das!coisas;!um!
sonho,!um!pesadelo,!uma!fuga!desta!
outra!forma!a!que!chamamos!vida.
Nesta!ilha,!a!vida!tem!em!si!o!seu!início!e!
o!seu!fim.!É!uma!ilha.
Nesta!ilha,!o!controlo!dos!elementos!é!
parcial,!a!água!transformarase!em!fogo!
!
!
58
!
! !
!
não!é!uma!coisa!assim!tão!anormal.!É!
uma!ilha.
Nesta!ilha!os!bichos!falam!connosco!e!
nós!concordamos!com!eles,!mesmo!
quando!nos!comem,!pois!também!nós!os!
comemos!e!eles!não!se!queixam.
Nesta!ilha!lançamos!os!velhos!para!a!
boca!do!vulcão!com!um!sorriso!nos!
lábios!e!por!cada!velho!que!lançamos!
nasce!uma!tartaruga!que!se!lembra!de!
uma!outra!vida.
Saibam!que!na!China!a!tartaruga!é!o!
símbolo!de!longevidade!
!
!
!
!
!
João!Vladimiro,!2013!
!
!
ILHA%3!Rodeada!por!4!montes!(Alto,!
Baixo,!AssimaAssim!e!Nem!Se!Vê),!a!ilha!
de!Covas!protegeuase!assim!do!
continente!Cidade.
Na!ilha!de!Covas,!o!Ar,!a!Terra,!a!Água!e!
o!Fogo!ainda!são!o!Ar,!a!Terra,!a!Água!e!
o!Fogo,!enquanto!que!no!continente!
estes!elementos!podem!aparentemente!
ser!trocados!por!Euros,!Dólares,!Rublos!
ou!Reminbis.
Na!ilha!de!Covas!o!medo!ainda!não!
ganhou!e!as!pessoas!ainda!falam!umas!
com!as!outras;!é!usual!virem!a!esta!ilha!
de!visita!os!continentais!com!o!intuito!
de!por!um!dia!ou!dois!dias!
experimentarem!a!vida!dos!seus!
antepassados,!pois!como!todos!sabemos!
foi!de!ilhas!como!estas!que!todos!os!
homens!vieram.
!
!
!
!
João!Vladimiro,!2013!
!
!
ILHA%DESCONHECIDA!Mal!sentado,!
porque!a!cadeira!de!palhinha!era!muito!
mais!baixa!que!o!trono,!o!rei!estava!a!
procurar!a!melhor!maneira!de!acomodar!
as!pernas,!ora!encolhendoaas!ora!
estendendoaas!para!os!lados,!enquanto!o!
homem!que!queria!um!barco!esperava!
com!paciência!a!pergunta!que!se!
seguiria,!E!tu!para!que!queres!um!barco,!
podease!saber,!foi!o!que!o!rei!de!facto!
perguntou!quando!finalmente!se!deu!
por!instalado,!com!sofrível!comodidade,!
na!cadeira!da!mulher!da!limpeza,!Para!ir!
à!procura!da!ilha!desconhecida,!
respondeu!o!homem,!Que!ilha!
desconhecida,!perguntou!o!rei!
disfarçando!o!riso,!como!se!tivesse!na!
sua!frente!um!louco!varrido,!dos!que!
têm!a!mania!das!navegações,!a!quem!
não!seria!bom!contrariar!logo!de!
entrada,!A!ilha!desconhecida,!repetiu!o!
homem,!Disparate,!já!não!há!ilhas!
desconhecidas,!Quem!foi!que!te!disse,!
rei,!que!já!não!há!ilhas!desconhecidas,!
Estão!todas!nos!mapas,!Nos!mapas!só!
estão!as!ilhas!conhecidas,!E!que!ilha!
desconhecida!é!essa!de!que!queres!ir!à!
procura,!Se!eu!to!pudesse!dizer,!então!
não!seria!desconhecida,!A!quem!ouviste!
tu!falar!dela,!perguntou!o!rei,!agora!mais!
sério,!A!ninguém,!Nesse!caso,!por!que!
teimas!em!dizer!que!ela!existe,!
Simplesmente!porque!é!impossível!que!
não!exista!uma!ilha!desconhecida,!E!
vieste!aqui!para!me!pedires!um!barco,!
Sim,!vim!aqui!para!pedirate!um!barco,!E!
tu!quem!és,!para!que!eu!to!dê,!E!tu!quem!
és,!para!que!não!mo!dês,!Sou!o!rei!deste!
reino,!e!os!barcos!do!reino!pertencema
me!todos,!Mais!lhes!pertencerás!tu!a!eles!
do!que!eles!a!ti,!Que!queres!dizer,!
perguntou!o!rei,!inquieto,!Que!tu,!sem!
eles,!és!nada,!e!que!eles,!sem!ti,!poderão!
sempre!navegar,!Às!minhas!ordens,!com!
os!meus!pilotos!e!os!meus!marinheiros,!
Não!te!peço!marinheiros!nem!piloto,!só!
te!peço!um!barco,!E!essa!ilha!
desconhecida,!se!a!encontrares,!será!
para!mim,!A!ti,!rei,!só!te!interessam!as!
ilhas!conhecidas,!Também!me!
interessam!as!desconhecidas!quando!
deixam!de!o!ser,!Talvez!esta!não!se!deixe!
conhecer,!Então!não!te!dou!o!barco,!
Darás.
!
!
José!Saramago,!A.ilha.desconhecida,!1997!
!
!
IMAGINÁRIO!Quando!vemos!mapas!
antigos!de!grupos!que!se!propunham!
explorar,!duma!forma!ciêntifica!e!
sistemática,!um!dado!território,!logo!nos!
damos!conta!que!os!mapas!reflectem!
mais!os!medos!e!os!desejos!dos!seus!
autores,!do!que!o!real.!Abundam!as!
florestas!de!canibais,!ou!vales!de!ouro,!
ilustrados!com!desenhos!de!animais!
nunca!antes!vistos.!
O!que!querem!dizer!as!velhas!fronteiras!
hoje?!Que!nos!ensinam!elas!sobre!um!
território,!um!país?
Um!mundo!de!fronteiras!antigas,!é!um!
mundo!com!novas!fronteiras.!Não!será!a!
!
!
!
!
!
internet!e!o!computador!–!muitas!vezes!
portátil,!que!vai!na!mala!–!a!nova!grande!
fronteira?
!
!
André!Principe,!2013!
!
!
IMAGINER%Dans!tout!le!film,!l'histoire!
est!ainsi!pensée!au!travers!de!la!
mémoire.!Celleaci!réside!
fondamentalement!dans!un!écart!:!écart!
entre!la!bandeason!et!la!bande!image,!
écart!entre!les!bandes!amorces!noires!et!
les!images,!écart!entre!l'image!et!son!
support,!écart!de!l'image!qui!se!donne!
sur!le!mode!du!retour.!Une!grande!place!
est!donc!laissée!à!l'imagination!et!ce!
d'autant!plus!que!le!cinéma!de!Nicolas!
Rey!ne!cherche!jamais!à!attester!la!
réalité,!comme!le!montre!l'évitement!du!
site!de!Tchernobyl.!Il!ne!faut!voir!ici!
aucun!“!interdit!de!la!représentation!“,!
mais!bien!un!choix!de!distanciation.!
Parce!qu'elle!ne!sature!pas!le!sens,!la!
pauvreté!des!images!nous!laisse!une!
place!dans!le!voyage!du!film.!
L’esthétique!du!peu!qui!le!caractérise!
prend!toute!sa!cohérence!dans!le!fait!
que!Rey!est!à!la!fois!le!réalisateur,!le!
monteur!et!le!producteur!de!son!œuvre.!
Cette!posture!brise!la!division!du!travail!
à!laquelle!n'ont!échappé!ni!le!
capitalisme,!ni!le!communisme.!Aussi,!
son!cinéma!peutail!proposer,!de!cette!
manière!également,!une!mémoire!pour!
le!présent.
%
!
Clotilde!Simond,!“!Cinéavoyage!dans!le!temps!”,!
Théorème,!2011!
!
!
IMPERFECT%CINEMA%In.For.an.
Imperfect.Cinema,!written!in!Cuba!in!the!
late!1960,!Juan!García!Espinosa!
Espinosa%reflects!on!the!promises!of!
new!media.!He!clearly!predicts!that!the!
development!of!video!technology!will!
jeopardize!the!elitist!position!of!
traditional!filmmakers!and!enable!some!
sort!of!mass!film!production:!an!art!of!
the!people.!Like!the!economy!of!poor!
images,!imperfect!cinema!diminishes!the!
distinctions!between!author!and!
audience!and!merges!life!and!art.!
%
!
Hito!Steyerl,!In.Defense.of.the.Poor.Image,!2011!
!
!
59
!
IMPÉRIO%Quando!nos!referimos!à!
noção!de!Império!como!um!dos!temas!
centrais!do!filme!– estabelecendo!uma!
analogia!entre!o!Império!dos!Mongóis!
do!diálogo!de!Calvino!e!a!ideia!de
Império!desenvolvida!por!alguns!
pensadores!contemporâneos!–!não!nos!
estamos!a!referir!aos mecanismos!
políticos!ou!económicos!que!possam!
caracterizar!essa!ideia!de!Império.
O!fenómeno!que!pretendemos!explorar!
e!registar!é!o!Império!enquanto!
processo!de!alienação da!paisagem:!o!
momento!em!que!a!paisagem!física!e!
social,!isto!é,!todos!os!elementos!que
compõem!o!Lugar!onde!ocorre!a!vida!
humana,!se!descolam!de!uma!relação!
íntima!e!directa com!a!sucessão!de!
acontecimentos!desse!Lugar. Por!outras!
palavras:!registar!o!momento!em!que!os!
materiais,!os!objectos,!as!construções,!as
superfícies,!a!arrumação!dos!espaços,!as!
cores,!que!suportam!a!vida!humana!
passam!a!ter!uma origem!estranha!
àquilo!que!se!passou!nesse!território,!à!
história!desse!Lugar.!Esse!momento em!
que!a!paisagem!deixa!de!ser!definida!
pelas!técnicas,!pelos!usos,!pelos!
conhecimentos,!pelos meios,!pelas!
relações,!em!suma,!pelas!forças!
presentes!num!determinado!espaço!
para!passar!a ser!colonizada!por!
condicionantes!exteriores!de!ordem!
económica,!política!e!cultural!–!é!o
momento!em!que!a!paisagem!se!torna!
alienada,!e!com!ela!a!vida.
%
%
%
%%
%
%
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
INDUSTRIAL%REVOLUTION%and!its!
consequences!have!been!a!disaster!for!
the!human!race.!They!have!greatly!
increased!the!lifeaexpectancy!of!those!of!
us!who!live!in!“advanced”!countries,!but!
they!have!destabilized!society,!have!
made!life!unfulfilling,!have!subjected!
human!beings!to!indignities,!have!led!to!
widespread!psychological!suffering!(in!
the!Third!World!to!physical!suffering!as!
well)!and!have!inflicted!severe!damage!
on!the!natural!world.!The!continued!
development!of!technology!will!worsen!
the!situation.!It!will!certainly!subject!
human!beings!to!greater!indignities!and!
inflict!greater!damage!on!the!natural!
world,!it!will!probably!lead!to!greater!
social!disruption!and!psychological!
suffering,!and!it!may!lead!to!increased!
physical!suffering!even!in!“advanced”!
countries.![…]!We!therefore!advocate!a!
revolution!against!the!industrial!system.!
This!revolution!may!or!may!not!make!
use!of!violence:!it!may!be!sudden!or!it!
may!be!a!relatively!gradual!process!
spanning!a!few!decades.!We!can't!
predict!any!of!that.!But!we!do!outline!in!
a!very!general!way!the!measures!that!
those!who!hate!the!industrial!system!
should!take!in!order!to!prepare!the!way!
for!a!revolution!against!that!form!of!
society.!This!is!not!to!be!a!political!
revolution.!Its!object!will!be!to!
overthrow!not!governments!but!the!
economic!and!technological!basis!of!the!
present!society.!
%
!
!
Luisa!Homem!e!Pedro!Pinho,!2013!
Theodore!J.!Kaczynski,!Industrial.Society.and.Its.
Future,!1995!
!
!
INDIGENIUS!Adj!or!noun:!the!cosmic!
mispronunciation!of!an!indigenous!elder!
“We!must!defend!our!indigenius!
culture”.!He!combined!into!one!word!the!
“genius”!of!the!“indigenous”!ancient!
cultures:!“indi;genius”!–!which!says!it!all.!
(Watch!for!in!in!the!next!Oxford!
Dictionary!)!Most!indigenous!people!
have!been!trampled!by!colonial!cultures!
and!therefore!they!have!lost!their!
indigenius.confidence.!But!their!
indigenius!knowledge!is!so!relevant!in!
our!outaofabalance!planet.
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013!
!
!
60
!
! !
!
!
!
INOCENCE!Toute!leur!étude!était!de!se!
complaire!et!de!s’entraider.!Au!reste!ils!
étaient!ignorants!comme!des!Créoles,!et!
ne!savaient!ni!lire!ni!écrire.!Ils!ne!
s’inquiétaient!pas!de!ce!qui!s’était!passé!
dans!des!temps!reculés!et!loin!d’eux!;!
leur!curiosité!ne!s’étendait!pas!auadelà!
de!cette!montagne.!Ils!croyaient!que!le!
monde!finissait!où!finissait!leur!île!;!et!
ils!n’imaginaient!rien!d’aimable!où!ils!
n’étaient!pas.!Leur!affection!mutuelle!et!
celle!de!leurs!mères!occupaient!toute!
l’activité!de!leurs!âmes.!Jamais!des!
sciences!inutiles!n’avaient!fait!couler!
leurs!larmes!;!jamais!les!leçons!d’une!
triste!morale!ne!les!avaient!remplis!
d’ennui.!Ils!ne!saavaient!pas!qu’il!ne!faut!
pas!dérober,!tout!chez!eux!étant!
commun!;!ni!être!intempérant,!ayant!à!
discrétion!des!mets!simples!;!ni!
menteur,!n’ayant!aucune!vérité!à!
dissimuler.!On!ne!les!avait!jamais!
effrayés!en!leur!disant!que!Dieu!réserve!
des!punitions!terribles!aux!enfants!
ingrats!;!chez!eux!l’amitié!filiale!était!née!
de!l’amitié!maternelle.!On!ne!leur!avait!
appris!de!la!religion!que!ce!qui!la!fait!
aimer!;!et!s’ils!n’offraient!pas!à!l’église!
de!longues!prières,!partout!où!ils!
étaient,!dans!la!maison,!dans!les!champs,!
dans!les!bois,!ils!levaient!vers!le!ciel!des!
mains!innocentes!et!un!cœur!plein!de!
l’amour!de!leurs!parents.
the!film.!Mainly!as!a!tribute!of!respect!to!
them!but!also!because!I!am!aware!of!
how!difficult!it!is!to!condense!and!
convey!their!ideas!without!
misrepresenting!them.
!
!
Joaquim!Pinto,!Director’s!note,!2013!
!
!
INSTRUCTIONS
%
1.!After!each!screening,!information!on!
the!films!shown!will!be!handed!out!to!
you;!2.!At!the!end!of!this!glossary,!you!
will!find!a!place!to!put!the!film!notes!in!
due!order;!3.!There,!with!the!tips!of!your!
thumb!and!index!finger,!open!the!brass!
fasteners!by!pressing!both!legs!inwards!
until!they!meet!in!a!vertical!position,!as!
your!fingers!join!each!other;!
!
!
!
JacquesaHenri!Bernardin!de!Saint!Pierre,!Paul.et.
Virginie,!1787!
!
!
INSIDE%In!times!of!crisis!and!recession,!
HIV!and!HCV!are!no!longer!priority!
topics.!Unlike!recent!documentaries!
about!HIV!and!HCV!with!an!approach!
from!the!outside!that!I!could!describe!as!
“compassionate”,!this!project!proposes!a!
return!to!an!“insider”!reflection!for!more!
general!questions,!in!keeping!with!the!
works!produced!until!the!midaeighties!
by!authors!who!assumed!their!condition!
as!HIV!positive.
Somehow!I!am!privileged.!I!don’t!
depend!on!bosses,!I!don’t!have!to!hide!
my!status,!I!have!access!to!medication.!I!
am!alive!thanks!to!battles!in!which!I!was!
not!the!protagonist!and!which!involved!
interests,!governments,!investigators!
and!the!pharmaceutical!industry.
While!shooting,!I!became!aware!of!a!
disturbing!phenomenon.!The!recent!
growth!of!denialist!movements!that!
state!that!HIV!does!not!cause!aids!or!
even!that!HIV!does!not!exist,!and!
aggressively!use!the!internet,!concerts!
and!documentaries!to!spread!this!
message.!They!manipulate!data!and!
evidence!without!any!shame!and!
misquote!declarations!from!scientists,!
researchers!and!thinkers.
I!interviewed!and!exchanged!
information!with!doctors,!investigators!
and!patients!in!similar!conditions.!I!
decided!not!to!include!this!material!in!
%
%
4.!Then,!insert!the!punctured!sheet!and!
close!the!brass!plated!fasteners!by!
separating!the!legs!outwards,!until!they!
return!to!their!original!horizontal!
position;!5.!By!the!end!of!the!seminar,!
you!will!have!the!complete!program.
%
!
!
%
!
%
INTERROGATION!D’où!vient!
l’impression!d’étouffement!qu’on!
éprouve!en!pensant!à!des!îles?!Où!aaton!
pourtant!mieux!que!dans!une!île!l’air!du!
large,!la!mer!libre!à!tous!les!horizons,!où!
peutaon!mieux!vivre!dans!l’exaltation!
physique?
!
!
Jean!Grenie,!Les.Îles,!1933!
!
!
!
!
61
!
INVISÍVEL,%QUALQUER%COISA%DE%
A!partir!dum!certo!momento,!a!tua!
percepção!vaiase!afinando!pelo!que!
muda!só,!e!por!muito!que!isso!seja!
humano,!há!uma!coisa!muito!maior!que!
o!humano,!que!é!a!luz,!que!é!a!água,!o!
tempo,!se!chove,!se!não!chove,!ou!de!
repente!uma!coisa!que!queima!e!que!
produz!fumo,!de!repente!as!coisas!
passam!a!ser!isso.!Isto,!e!em!paralelo…!
há!qualquer!coisa!que!é!sempre!
infilmável!por!natureza,!não!é?!No!fundo!
qualquer!coisa!de!invisível,!não!há!uma!
forma!de!filmar!isso,!mas!há!uma!forma!
de!andar!à!volta,!e!de!comunicar!uma!
outra!coisa,!por!um!outro!sistema!que!é!
a!própria!sequência.
%
!
moving!across!a!vast!expanse!of!water!
that!reached!from!one!piece!of!land!to!
another.
I!had!that!sense!of!floating!in!space!
again!when!I!sat!at!night!on!woven!mats,!
drinking!kava,!accompanied!by!ukulele!
and!sweet!voices,!the!blackness!
illuminated!only!by!a!few!kerosene!
lamps,!in!traditional!houses!in!Fiji!and!
on!the!island!of!Ureparapara,!where!we!
made!Study.of.an.Island.!Perfect!
happiness.
The!islands!are!my!true!home,!thus!it!is!
difficult!for!me!to!see!them!as!imagined!
places,!except!in!the!fictional!accounts!of!
others.!More!fantastic!than!my!
imagination!is!the!reality!of!the!islands!I!
know.
Two!of!my!favourite!readings!about!
islands!are!the!stories,!diaries!and!
letters!written!by!Robert!Louis!
Stevenson!in!the!South!Seas,!and!Isles!of!
Illusion!–!Letters!from!the!South!Seas!
from!Robert!Fletcher.!Both!concern!the!
imagined!and!the!reality!of!the!South!
Seas,!of!two!very!different!approaches!to!
being!there!(in!fact,!Fletcher!cursed!
Stevenson!for!having!written!stories!
that!he!felt!misled!him).!My!fascination!
is!with!moments!where!visions!of!utopia!
are!challenged!by!the!world!as!it!is,!by!
those!who!are!able!to!accept!and!
welcome!that!experience,!or!even!
glimpse!the!trueness!through!their!
suffering.
!
write!anything!at!all.!I!am!firmly!
resolved!that!I!must!speedily!go!back!to!
London.!I!want!health,!I!want!books.!I!
want!music.!I!think!the!ideal!South!Sea!
Island!must!be!left!as!a!beautiful!dream.!
As!such!it!is!far,!far!more!beautiful!than!
the!reality.
!
!
Robert!Fletcher.!Isles.of.Illusion.–.Letters.from.
the.South.Seas,!1912!
!
!
!
!
André!Princípe,!“Uma!conversa!entre!André!
Príncipe!e!Sandro!Aguilar”,!2012!
!
!
ISLAND%BURGERS%&%SHAKES!
A!Jamaican!inspired!burger!restaurant!
in!New!York.!The!restaurant!is!very!
small,!and!for!years!they!couldn’t!serve!
french!fries!because!they!didn’t!have!
enough!space!to!install!a!deep!fryer.!
They!either!expanded!the!restaurant,!or!
deep!fryers!have!become!smaller,!
because!last!time!I!went!they!had!fries.
!
!
!
!
Cynthia!Beatt,!2013!
!
!
ISLES%OF%ILLUSION!November!10th!–!
!
!
Pacho!Velez,!2013!
!
!
ISLANDS%As!a!child!growing!up!on!the!
island!of!Jamaica!I!imagined!all!places!
were!islands,!situated!on!different!levels!
in!the!sky,!rather!like!clouds,!each!with!
some!sea!floating!around!them.!That!
was!why!one!had!to!get!on!a!plane!and!
fly!to!them.!
Later,!as!I!travelled!to!Fiji!on!an!ocean!
liner,!I!had!forgotten!this!notion.!
Besides,!it!was!clear!by!the!time!I!
arrived!in!the!islands!that!we!had!been!
%
62
!
! !
!
I!awoke!to!the!fact!that!all!the!letters!I!
had!written!from!the!New!Hebrides!had!
been!rather!dreadful.!I!seem!to!have!got!
into!a!horribly!materialistic!Philistine!
train!of!thought!and!my!letters!must!
have!shown!you!my!frame!of!mind.!At!
any!rate!they!were!a!faithful!reflection!of!
my!actual!mental!state,!and!as!such!you!
must!take!them!for!better!or!worse.!It!is!
very!hard!in!the!life!I!live!to!be!
impressed!with!anything!but!the!purely!
material.!Remember!that!my!day!is!full!
of!little!agricultural!worries.!My!mind!is!
rarely,!if!ever,!used.!I!am!tormented!by!
ill!health,!and!the!awful,!stifling,!damp!
heat.!Altogether!it!is!a!wonder!that!I!can!
!
!
!
63
!
bombeiro,!agora!agricultor…!ou!um!
espírito!da!floresta!de!um!Éden!formado!
por!ele!próprio,!Joaquim!e!aqueles!que!
os!mantêm!mais!“fortes!e!resistentes”,!
os!cães!Rufus,!Zorra,!Bambi!e!Cookie,!ali!
deitados!junto!ao!lago.
JUMP!A!boy!in!his!trunks!sits!very!
upright!against!a!rock!wall,!as!though!it!
were!a!chair.!He!looks!at!us,!and!there!is!
a!beginning!of!a!smile!on!his!face.!
!
!
!
!
Vasco!Câmara,!“Com!o!vírus!na!intimidade”,!
Ipsílon,!2013!
%
%
JUNK%SPACES.The.Forgotten.Space.is!a!
!
fascinating!study!of!what!Rem!Koolhaas!
might!call!junk!spaces.!These!are!the!
oversized,!sterile,!endlessly!multiplying!
places!to!which!human!beings!are!cona
demned!in!the!21st!century.!Koolhaas’s!
junk!spaces!are!so!visible!as!to!be!
commonplace,!like!big!ugly!airports.!
Sekula!and!Burch,!by!contrast,!want!to!
peel!back!the!curtain!and!take!us!places!
we’re!afraid!to!look.!The!film’s!signature!
scene!is!of!a!massive!container!ship,!
quietly!plying!the!sea!to!the!amplified!
sound!of!wind!and!waves.!No!human!life!
is!visible!across!this!desolate!artificial!
landscape!of!cubical!containers!
differentiated!only!by!corporate!logos.!!
!
JOAQUIM%E%NUNO!“Não!olhamos!da!
mesma!forma”,!começa!por!dizer!
Joaquim.!Separaaos,!por!exemplo,!o!facto!
de!para!Joaquim!a!ideia!de!cinema!ser!
“pegar!no!que!existe!e!com!isso!
construir!qualquer!coisa”,!surpreendera
se!com!o!que!não!viu!mas!que!o!acto!de!
filmar!tornou!perceptível.!Qualquer!
coisa!da!ordem!da!revelação.!Tem!
dificuldade!em!aceitar!a!criação!a!partir!
do!zero,!o!que,!na!sua!opinião,!é!mais!de!
Nuno!Leonel,!que!vem!da!animação.!
“Mas!estamos!em!sintonia.!Há!coisas!do!
filme!que!não!consigo!dizer!quem!é!que!
filmou.!E!nem!da!minha!parte!nem!da!
parte!dele!havia!uma!ideia!consciente!de!
enquadramentos!para!veicular!uma!
ideia.!Foi!algo!que!passou!por!uma!
escolha!entre!o!que!víamos!e!ouvíamos,!
mais!do!que!por!haver!uma!vontade!
expressa!de!fazer!assim!ou!assado.”
Alguns!dos!planos!mais!misteriosos!–!
talvez!aquele!com!o!Cristo!–!são!de!
Nuno.!Qualquer!coisa!da!ordem!da!
assombração.!“Não!tinha!um!propósito”,!
diz!Nuno.!A!não!ser!continuar!uma!luta!
de!ideias!com!Joaquim,!sobre!Cristo,!
%
64
!
Deus,!a!crença.!Nuno!é!crente,!mas!não!
religioso,!Cristo!bastaalhe.!Joaquim!diz!
que!ele!sabe!a!Bíblia!de!cor.!“Todo!este!
processo!aproximouanos.!Ao!contrário!
de!outras!relações!que!vão!em!
decrescendo,!a!nossa!não”,!diz!Nuno.!E.
Agora?.é!um!diálogo!silencioso!entre!os!
dois,!prolongando!as!conversas!que!
mantêm!ao!vivo.!Para!Joaquim!foi!uma!
iniciação.!Não!é!que!tenha!partido!do!
ponto!de!cepticismo;!mas!percebeu,!
sobre!a!palavra!de!Cristo,!que!“para!
além!daquilo!que!nos!é!transmitido,!e!
tendo!em!conta!os!erros!de!tradução!e!
de!transmissão!ao!longo!dos!séculos,!há!
qualquer!coisa!que!passa;!que!há!uma!
espécie!de!conjugação!entre!a!
informação,!a!forma!e!o!ritmo;!que!é!a!
própria!experiência!de!aceder,!como!se!
de!uma!obra!musical!se!tratasse,!e!que!
nos!atinge!directamente”.
Atingeanos!o!sorriso!de!Nuno,!que,!
desconfiando!da!linguagem,!é!um!
amoroso!do!trabalho!e!dos!gestos!–!e!um!
conquistadoranato.!Confessaase!com!
vocação!para!a!dispersão:!DJ,!músico,!
realizador!de!animação,!mergulhador,!
Joshua.K..Leon,.“Spaces.on.Capital”,.
brooklynrail.org,!2012!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
65
!
in!a!numeric!code.!Also!found!was!a!
library!of!257!books,!and!a!bomb!similar!
to!the!last!two!deadly!ones.!At!the!
beginning!of!December!his!cabin!was!
taken!into!evidence!and!moved!to!a!FBI!
warehouse!at!Mather!Field!near!
Sacramento.!In!November!1997!jury!
selection!began.!On!January!8,!1998!Ted!
asked!permission!of!the!court!to!fire!his!
lawyers!and!represent!himself.!He!
disagreed!with!their!insanity!defense.!
Judge!Garland!Burrell!Jr.!denied!his!
request.!Twelve!days!later!Ted!took!a!
plea.!His!trial!never!happened.!On!May!
4,!1998!he!was!sentenced!to!life!in!
prison!with!no!possibility!of!parole.!Ted!
is!incarcerated!at!the!Federal!Supermax!
Facility!near!Florence,!Colorado.!He!is!
prisoner!04475a046.
%
!
James!Benning,!“Twelve!people”,.(FC).Two.
Cabins.by.JB,!2011!
!
!
KNOWLEDGE!I!think!the!Azores!must!
!
KACZYNSKI,%THEODORE%JOHN!was!
born!in!Chicago!on!May!22,!1942.![…]!He!
graduated!in!1958!just!before!his!
sixteenth!birthday!and!entered!Harvard!
University!on!an!academic!scholarship!
[…].!As!a!sophomore!he!was!chosen!for!a!
series!of!psychological!experiments!
conducted!by!Dr.!Henry!Murray!who!
was!funded!by!the!CIA.!Ted!was!the!
youngest!and!poorest!of!the!twentyatwo!
students!selected.!He!was!paid!to!
participate,!and!Murray!assigned!him!
the!code!name!Lawful.!The!experiments!
lasted!three!years.!Later!they!were!
found!to!be!deceitful,!abusive,!and!in!
violation!of!the!Nuremberg!Code.!Ted!
graduated!from!Harvard!in!1962.!Five!
years!later!he!received!a!PhD!in!
mathematics!from!the!University!of!
Michigan.!His!doctorial!dissertation!on!
geometric!function!theory!was!so!
advanced!it!had!to!be!evaluated!by!an!
outside!committee.!In1967,!Ted!began!
teaching!mathematics!at!the!University!
of!California!at!Berkeley.!Two!years!later!
he!abruptly!resigned!and!began!to!write!
a!journal.![…]!In!spring!1971!he!and!his!
66
!
brother!David!moved!to!Great!Falls,!
Montana!and!bought!1.4!acres!of!land!
four!miles!south!of!Lincoln.!On!June!19,!
1971!Ted!dug!a!root!cellar!and!began!to!
construct!a!cabin.!In!fall!1972!he!left!for!
Salt!Lake!City!to!work!as!a!carpenter’s!
helper.![…]!He!returned!to!his!cabin!the!
next!June.![…]!In!spring!1978!he!made!
his!first!bomb.![…]!In!June!1995,!Ted!
sent!the!New!York!Times,!the!
Washington!Post,!and!Penthouse!
magazine!a!text!entitled!“Industrial!
Society!and!Its!Future.”!It!was!signed!FC.!
An!accompanying!letter!promised!the!
killing!would!stop!if!the!text!would!be!
published.!The!FBI!thought!FC!might!
mean!Fuck!Computers.!On!September!
19,!1995!the!Washington!Post!in!
collaboration!with!the!New!York!Times!
published!all!35,000!words!of!the!text.!
Ted’s!brother!recognized!the!writing!
and!in!mid!February!1996!alerted!the!
FBI.!Ted!was!arrested!outside!of!his!
cabin!on!the!morning!of!April!3,!1996.!
His!personal!journal!was!found!inside.!It!
was!thousands!of!pages!long,!written!
first!in!English,!then!Spanish,!and!finally!
be!very!little!known!in!America.!Out!of!
our!whole!ship's!company!there!was!not!
a!solitary!individual!who!knew!anything!
whatever!about!them.!Some!of!the!party,!
well!read!concerning!most!other!lands,!
had!no!other!information!about!the!
Azores!than!that!they!were!a!group!of!
nine!or!ten!small!islands!far!out!in!the!
Atlantic,!something!more!than!half!way!
between!New!York!and!Gibraltar.!That!
was!all.!These!considerations!move!me!
to!put!in!a!paragraph!of!dry!facts!just!
here.
!
!
Mark!Twain,!The.Innocents.Abroad,!1869!!
!
!
KRADAK,!one!of!the!Isles!of!Wisdom!in!
the!north!Pacific.!Like!most!of!the!
archipelago,!Kradak!has!its!distinctive!
culture,!largely!based!on!ideas!imported!
from!the!outside!world!via!books.!
Kradak!has!no!national!dress,!no!typical!
style!and!no!concern!for!fashion.!Clothes!
from!various!cultures!are!simply!
combined!to!suit!the!taste!of!the!
individual.!Men!can!be!seen!wearing!
leather!aprons,!painted!frills!and!shiny!
top!hats,!while!many!of!the!younger!
women!combine!the!garments!typical!of!
a!nurse,!a!cocotte!and!a!peasant!girl!in!a!
curious!but!pleasing!ensemble.!
!
!
!
!
!
The!main!occupation!of!the!inhabitants!
of!Kradak!is!the!search!for!pleasure,!and!
this!has!led!to!Kradak’s!being!
nicknamed!“the!Island!of!Perversions.”!
The!‘connection!between!pain!and!pleaa
sure,!between!orgasm!and!suffering,!has!
been!widely!explored!on!the!island!and!
large!numbers!of!Kradakians!have!
embraced!the!doctrine!of!masochism.!
No!obstacles!are!placed!in!the!way!of!
any!tendenciesasexual,!or!otherwiseathat!
may!develop!and!no!whim!or!perversion!
is!specifically!forbidden!or!encouraged!
by!law.!Visitors!may,!therefore,!spend!
their!time!lying!on!a!bed!of!nails,!being!
clobbered!by!a!stout!Valkyrie!or!reading!
long!passages!of!Thomas!Hardy!for!days!
on!end.!
The!culture!of!the!island!is!designed!to!
translate!the!lawlessness!of!nature!into!
the!relations!established!between!men!
and!to!free!the!individual!by!
encouraging!the!greatest!possible!
number!of!varieties!of!thought!and!
feelings.!An!Institute!of!Deserving!
Savants!is!maintained!at!public!expense!
to!widen!people’s!outlook!and!to!find!
new!modes!of!thought.!Particularly!
original!and!successful!research!is!
usually!rewarded!by!a!good!whipping.!
The!most!abnormal!or!unusual!
individuals!are!chosen!by!the!Ministry!of!
Selection!and!sent!to!the!offshore!island!
of!Gulliu!to!breed.!Their!children!are!
carefully!sifted!for!abnormalities!and,!if!
suitable,!are!sent!to!another!small!islet!
to!develop!their!tendencies.!It!is!hoped!
that!this!process!will!eventually!create!a!
new!type!of!man,!with!highly!adaptable!
powers!of!coaordination!in!both!thought!
and!feelingaa!man!free!from!the!normal!
constraints!of!logical!thought.!To!this!
end,!a!flexible!system!of!numerals!has!
already!been!introduced.!In!this!system,!
any!given!numeral!can!take!on!the!value!
of!any!other!given!numeral,!so!that!two!
plus!two!can!be!made!to!equal!five!
without!any!difficulty!at!all.!As!many!
travellers!know!only!too!well,!similar!
results!have!been!obtained,!using!other!
methods,!in!places!such!as!Argentina,!
Iran,!Chile,!Czechoslovakia!and!Butua.!
Food!on!Kradak!may!strike!the!
inexperienced!traveller!as!odd:!
!
!
!
67
!
inexhaustible!combinations!of!ina
gredients!give!variety!to!the!sense!of!
taste.!Goat’s!cheese!served!with!sardines!
roasted!on!the!spit;!cow’s!tongue!coated!
in!vanilla;!truilled!coffee!accompanied!
by!pickled!cucumber;!these!are!some!of!
the!delicacies!the!visitor!must!prepare!
his!palate!for.!One!of!the!more!common!
dishes!served!on!Kradak!is!scented!and!
carefully!prepared!salad!made!of!the!
leaves!of!the!coca!plant;!the!cocaine!in!
the!leaves!is!greatly!appreciated!as!a!
stimulant!for!its!hallucinogenic!effect.!
For!travellers!in!the!habit!of!smoking,!it!
is!useful!to!bear!in!mind!that!the!
cigarettes!smoked!on!the!island!contain!
comparatively!little!tobacco:!additives!
include!henbane,!hemlock,!dandelion,!
squill!and!daem!(these!last!named!are!
narcotics,!similar!in!their!effect!to!the!
more!usual!nicotine).!Visitors!may!wish!
to!bring!with!them!a!supply!of!their!own!
brand!to!avoid!possible!addiction.!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!
Alexander!Moszkowski,!Die.Inseln.der.Weisheit,.
Geschichte.einer.abenteuerlichen.
Entdeckungsfahrt,!Berlin,!1922!!
!
!
KULTUR%LAHAR!Metaphor:.Lahar!
(Indonesian!word),!volcanic!debris!that!
blankets!the!onceacolorful!landscape,!
homogenizing!the!interesting!contours!
of!valleys,!rivers,!forests!into!one!
boringagrey!desert.!Apply!that!image!to!
the!global!diversity!of!tribal!village!
architectures,!indigenous!planting/!
harvesting!customs,!spiritual!landscapes!
and!their!deities.!The!volcanic!debris!of!
S!+!V!=!P!movies!is!flattening!the!
contours!of!world!cultures!into!one!
plainagrey!plateau!of!Hollywood!kultur.–.
sensationalist!and!materialistic.!And!yes,!
insatiable.!
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013!
!
!
!
!
L.I.B.HR.T.Y.%Acronym:!since!the!
1980’s,!the!mediaaliteracy!campaign!of!
Kidlat!Tahimik!(Filipino!Filmmaker)!to!
check!idiotic!content!of!TV:!Limit!Idiot!
Box!HouRs!–!Thank!You.!What’s!their!
battle!cry?!“Gimme.L.I.B.HR.T.Y..–.or.
gimme.death!”!
%
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013!
!
!
LANDSCAPE!Ben!and!I!have!been!
friends!now!for!many!years,!and!in!2009!
toured!with!a!program!of!our!films!
called!We.Cannot.Exist.In.This.World.
Alone.!The!program!explored!the!
overlapping!themes!in!our!work,!and!
instigated!discussion!about!making!
something!together.!Our!films!are!
formally!pretty!different,!so!it!seemed!
like!an!exciting!idea!to!push!each!other!
out!of!our!ways!of!working.!In!the!
earliest!stages!we!talked!about!the!
sublime,!and!what!it!means!to!live!
within!that!kind!of!landscape.!We!were!
particularly!interested!in!Norway,!as!a!
landscape!of!outaofacontrol!beauty!that!
spawned!Black!Metal!and!Viking!rea
enactors.!What!is!it!about!this!landscape!
68
!
! !
!
that!encourages!a!desire!to!revisit!prea
Christian!pagan!ways!of!being? From!
here!we!thought!about!a!character!who!
might!be!searching!for!different!ways!of!
existing!in!this!sublime!landscape,!and!
quickly!decided!upon!the!threeapart!
structure!of!COMMUNE,!SOLITUDE,!and!
BLACK!METAL,!and!we!imagined!these!
things!happening!in!any!order.!There!
wasn’t!an!answer!or!hierarchy!among!
these!attempts!at!achieving!some!kind!of!
utopian!moment.!We!already!had!the!
title,!so!we!knew!we!were!also!thinking!
about!magic.!So!three!was!an!obvious!
choice!for!the!number!of!different!ways!
of!being!we!wanted!to!explore.!After!
some!unexpected!shenanigans!we!
extended!our!locations!beyond!Norway!
to!include!Finland!and!Estonia,!which!
turned!out!to!be!crucial!to!the!
development!of!the!film.
!
!
!
Ben!Rivers!interviewed!by!Michael!Sicinski,!
Cinema.Scope!56,!2013!
!
!
LIBERTY!My!Island!was!now!peopled,!
and!I!thought!my!self!very!rich!in!
Subjects;!and!it!was!a!merry!Reflection!
69
!
which!I!frequently!made,!How!like!a!
King!I!look'd.!First!of!all,!the!whole!
Country!was!my!own!meer!Property;!so!
that!I!had!an!undoubted!Right!of!
Dominion.!2dly,!My!People!were!
perfectly!subjected:!I!was!absolute!Lord!
and!Lawagiver;!they!all!owed!their!Lives!
to!me,!and!were!ready!to!lay!down!their!
Lives,!if.there.had.been.Occasion.of.it,!for!
me.!It!was!remarkable!too,!we!had!but!
three!Subjects,!and!they!were!of!three!
different!Religions.!My!Man!Friday!was!a!
Protestant,!his!Father!was!a!Pagan!and!a!
Cannibal,!and!the!Spaniard!was!a!Papist:!
However,!I!allow'd!Liberty!of!Conscience!
throughout!my!Dominions:!But!this!is!by!
the!Way.
him.!We!guess!there!is!a!door!of!the!left,!
because!sunshine!enters!the!room,!
bringing!in!a!triangle!of!light.
!
!
!
Daniel!Defoe,!Robinson.Crusoe,!1719!
!
!
LIFE!I!went!to!the!woods!because!I!
wished!to!live!deliberately,!to!front!only!
the!essential!facts!of!life,!and!see!if!I!
could!not!learn!what!it!had!to!teach,!and!
not,!when!I!came!to!die,!discover!that!I!
had!not!lived.!I!did!not!wish!to!live!what!
was!not!life,!living!is!so!dear;!nor!did!I!
wish!to!practise!resignation,!unless!it!
was!quite!necessary.!I!wanted!to!live!
deep!and!suck!out!all!the!marrow!of!life,!
to!live!so!sturdily!and!Spartanalike!as!to!
put!to!rout!all!that!was!not!life,!to!cut!a!
broad!swath!and!shave!close,!to!drive!
life!into!a!corner,!and!reduce!it!to!its!
lowest!terms,!and,!if!it!proved!to!be!
mean,!why!then!to!get!the!whole!and!
genuine!meanness!of!it,!and!publish!its!
meanness!to!the!world;!or!if!it!were!
sublime,!to!know!it!by!experience,!and!
be!able!to!give!a!true!account!of!it!in!my!
next!excursion.!For!most!men,!it!appears!
to!me,!are!in!a!strange!uncertainty!about!
it,!whether!it!is!of!the!devil!or!of!God,!
and!have!somewhat!hastily!concluded!
that!it!is!the!chief!end!of!man!here!to!
“glorify!God!and!enjoy!him!forever.”
!
!
Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden,!1854!
!
!
!
!
!
LIMITES%Fui!convidado!pela!DAAD,!a!
bolsa!para!artistas!visitantes,!que!era!
uma!estratégia!da!Guerra!Fria!para!
assegurar!que!Berlim!não!ficasse!
demasiado!isolada!e!tivesse!uma!vida!
cultural!viva!(e!suponho!que!antia
comunista).!Vivi!lá!um!ano!e!recebi!uma!
encomenda!para!um!filme!de!uma!hora!
sobre!qualquer!coisa,!um!planoa
sequência!de!uma!hora.!No!início!nem!
questionei!o!problema!do!filme!de!uma!
hora.!Pensei!que!era!principalmente!a!
questão!do!contexto.!Essa!foi!a!lição!de!
Route.One,!por!exemplo,!e!de!Maquette:!
tudo!depende!da!situação!ser!
suficientemente!rica!para!se!ter!algo!
com!que!se!trabalhar.!Depois,!se!se!é!
vivo,!inteligente,!e!presente,!conseguease!
retirar!algo!da!situação,!porque!tudo!
reflecte!tudo.!Não!importa,!desde!que!
todos!esses!elementos!lá!estejam.!
Podemos!descobrialos!e!viráalos!uns!
contra!os!outros,!de!forma!a!fazer!
explodir!muitos!sentimentos,!ideias!e!
informação.!
É!verdade!que!foi!uma!das!experiências!
de!laboratório!mais!interessantes!que!
alguma!vez!tive.!Confirma!o!incrível!
impacto,!potencialmente!criativo,!de!
uma!encomenda,!em!especial!se!o!
commanditaire!também!nos!dá!
liberdade!dentro!de!certos!limites.!!
%
LIGHT!A!room!with!bare!walls.!A!man!
is!sitting!in!the!corner,!at!a!small!table!
with!two!seats.!He!seems!too!big!for!the!
table!or!the!table!too!small!for!him.!His!
back!is!slightly!curved,!legs!crossed.!He!
is!dressed!in!dark!clothes!and!wearing!
sneakers.!There!is!a!laptop!in!front!of!
70
!
! !
!
A!verdade!é!que!sempre!estive!à!espera!
da!pancada!na!porta.!Tudo!o!que!
descrevi!sobre!a!forma!como!gosto!de!
trabalhar!e!sobre!o!aparecimento!de!
elementos!surpreendentes,!inesperados!
ou!difíceis,!e!a!necessidade!de!me!
adaptar!a!eles!e!tentar!encontrar!
maneira!de!não!apenas!os!ultrapassar!
mas!de!os!integrar!no!que!se!está!a!
desenvolver…!Nas!filmagens,!a!pancada!
da!encomenda!na!porta!é!uma!das!coisas!
mais!interessantes!e!excitantes.!Muitas!
vezes!é!um!convite!para!pensar!de!uma!
forma!completamente!nova!numa!nova!
área.!Berlim!foi!isso.!Foi!o!que!eu!achei,!
numa!vida!que!tivera!sempre!muita,!
demasiada,!liberdade.!Nem!sequer!foi!
necessariamente!uma!restrição,!mas!um!
meio!de!me!concentrar!em!algo!que!
requeria!que!trabalhasse!ainda!mais,!
assim!que!tivesse!a!certeza!que!já!tinha!
material!com!que!trabalhar.
!
!
Robert!Kramer!em!conversa!com!Bernard!
Eisenschitz,!“Pontos!de!partida”,!Robert.Kramer.
(Cinemateca!Portuguesa),!1997!
!
!
LONG%TAKES!Rather!than!fixating!on!
“issues”!or!extraordinary!events,!in!my!
films!I!have!been!interested!in!how!a!
person’s!presence!could!be!evinced!
through!subtle!movements!and!
expressions,!and!perhaps!in!conveying!a!
sense!of!“realness”!or!personhood!that!
could!unsettle!presumptions!about!
cultural!or!racial!difference!and!the!
inequalities!they!perpetuate.!I!hope!that,!
if!my!previous!films!are!about!anything,!
they!are!about!something!basic!about!
experience!itself,!what!it!feels!like!to!
linger!in!a!place!with!people!over!time.!
For!this!reason,!I!favored!rambling!
conversations!to!interviews,!and!shots!
that!loiter!with!their!subjects,!allowing!
the!shots!to!develop!internally!as!well!as!
within!in!the!larger!structure!of!the!film.!
An!implied!subject!in!many!of!my!films!
is!time!itself,!and!how!its!texture!varies!
as!it!unfolds!over!the!duration!of!the!
moving!image!and!in!our!lives.!For!this!
reason,!I!have!always!been!interested!in!
long!takes!and!duration.!
!
!
LINKwww.youtube.com/watch?v=!
Cn8Pua!5rhj4!
!
!
LONELINESS!I!have!a!great!deal!of!
company!in!my!house;!especially!in!the!
morning,!when!nobody!calls.!Let!me!
suggest!a!few!comparisons,!that!some!
one!may!convey!an!idea!of!my!situation.!
I!am!no!more!lonely!than!the!loon!in!the!
pond!that!laughs!out!loud,!or!than!Wala
den!Pond!itself.!What!company!has!that!
lonely!lake,!I!pray?!And!yet!it!has!not!the!
blue!devils,!but!the!blue!angels!in!it,!in!
the!azure!tint!of!its!waters.!The!sun!is!
alone,!except!in!thick!weather,!when!
there!sometimes!appear!to!be!two,!but!
one!is!a!mock!sun.!God!is!alone,!–!but!the!
devil,!he!is!far!from!being!alone;!he!sees!
a!great!deal!of!company;!he!is!legion.!I!
am!no!more!lonely!than!a!single!mullein!
or!dandelion!in!a!pasture,!or!a!bean!leaf,!
or!sorrel,!or!a!horseafly,!or!a!bumblebee.!
I!am!no!more!lonely!than!the!Mill!Brook,!
or!a!weathercock,!or!the!north!star,!or!
the!south!wind,!or!an!April!shower,!or!a!
January!thaw,!or!the!first!spider!in!a!new!
house.
!
!
Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden,!1854!
!
!
!
Stephanie!Spray,!interviewed!by!Lucien!
CastaingaTaylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,!2013!
!
!
LOOKING!Benning!has!long!been!
concerned!in!his!filmmaking!with!
“landscape!as!a!function!of!time.”!He!
regards!looking!as!method,!form,!and!
subject.!In!the!late!nineties,!during!a!
teaching!residency!in!Korea,!he!went!
searching!for!something!to!read!and!
found!that!the!library!at!hand!contained!
few!English!books.!It!was!then!that!he!
read!Walden.!When!he!started!teaching!
a!class!called!“Looking!and!Listening”!a!
few!years!later,!he!read!the!book!again!
and!further!recognized!his!affinity!with!
Thoreau!in!this!passage:!“No!method!
nor!discipline!can!supersede!the!
necessity!of!being!forever!on!the!alert.!
What!is!a!course!of!history,!or!
philosophy,!or!poetry,!no!matter!how!
well!selected,!or!the!best!society,!or!the!
most!admirable!routine!of!life,!
compared!with!the!discipline!of!looking!
at!what!is!to!be!seen?”
Benning’s!awareness!of!Kaczynski!was!
also!kindled!through!reading,!having!
come!across!Industrial.Society.and.Its.
Future,!aka!the!Unabomber!Manifesto,!
!
71
!
when!it!was!initially!published!in!1995.!
He!was!interested!in!its!author!“before!I!
knew!it!was!Kaczynski,!when!the!
bombings!were!happening!and!they!
seemed!somewhat!random.!Then!finally!
the!FBI!concluded!that!it!was!about!
technology!and!airplanes.!Once!he!was!
arrested!and!was!immediately!painted!
as!this!weird!fellow,!I!questioned!who!
he!really!was.!Whenever!the!media!
makes!someone!look!so!different!than!
what!they!probably!are,!I!get!
interested.”
More!than!a!decade!later,!his!curiosity!
was!reawakened!when!he!read!that!the!
cabin!Kaczynski!built!in!1971!was!
modeled!after!Thoreau’s.!On!a!plane!en!
route!to!a!conference!about!nature!the!
week!before!“digging!in!the!dirt,”!
Benning!reread!the!manifesto!and!found!
it!both!“enlightening!and!totally!crazy;!it!
made!me!see!everything!different.”
!
!
!
Julie!Ault,!“Freedom!Club”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,!
2011!
!
!
LOTUS,%MANGEURS%DE,!île!perdue!
sur!les!flots!de!la!Méditerranée.!Elle!
possède!des!montagnes!enneigées,!et!de!
nombreux!cours!d’eau!qui!tombent!en!
cascade!dans!une!vallée!verdoyante.!
Des!pins,!des!palmiers,!des!pommiers,!
des!acanthes,!de!la!myrrhe,!des!mousses,!
du!lierre,!des!coquelicots!et!une!herbe!
magique!appelée!“moly”!poussent!
partout!dans!l’île.!De!nombreux!lotus!
s’épanouissent,!colorant!les!collines!et!le!
pays!plat.!La!côte!de!sable!jaune!est!
balayée!par!une!brise!semblable!aux!
soupirs!du!rêveur!profondément!
endormi,!et!l’heure!de!la!journée!est!
toujours!arrêtée!au!milieu!de!l’aprèsa
midi.!L’île!est!habitée!par!des!indigènes.!
Les!lotus!dont!ils!se!nourrissent!leur!
épargnent!les!soucis!des!mortels.!
Généreux,!ils!offrent!ces!plantes!à!tout!
visiteur!qui!partage!leur!table.!Il!vous!
suffira!donc!de!goûter!à!ce!mets!pour!
que!s’évanouisse!en!vous!tout!désir!de!
retourner!au!pays,!autrement!que!de!
force.!Il!vous!semblera!alors!que!la!côte!
devient!lointaine,!les!voix!de!vos!
compagnons!distantes,!comme!venues!
d’outreatombe!;!vous!vous!endormirez!
tout!éveillé,!et!vous!entendrez!le!son!
!
72
!
! !
!
d’une!étrange!musique!sans!reconnaître!
les!battements!de!votre!propre!cœur.!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Homère,!
Odyssée,!IXeaVIIIe!siècle!av.!J.aC.;!Alfred,!Lord!
Tennyson,!“The!Eaters”,!in!Poems,!Londres!1833!
!
!
LUGGNAGG,!a!large!island,!about!one!
hundred!leagues!to!the!southaeast!of!
Japan,!one!of!its!major!trading!partners.!
Ships!sail!to!Japan!from!Clumegnig,!a!
major!port!on!the!southaeast!coast.!
There!are!also!ships!to!Glubbdubdrib.!
The!capital!is!Traldragdub,!also!known!
as!Trildrogdrib.!
Luggnagg!is!known!for!its!hospitality!to!
strangers,!who!are!often!lodged!at!State!
expense.!An!invitation!to!courta
expressed!as!“You!may!have!the!honour!
to!lick!the!dust!before!the!king’s!
footstool”ashould!be!taken!quite!
literally.!Upon!admittance!to!the!throne!
room!the!traveller!should!crawl!forward!
on!the!belly,!licking!the!floor!as!he!
advances.!When!foreigners!are!called!to!
court,!precautions!are!taken!to!ensure!
that!the!dust!on!the!floor!is!not!too!
offensive.!However,!if!an!ordinary!
statesman!has!powerful!enemies!at!
court,!he!may!find!the!floor!so!covered!
with!dust!that!by!the!time!he!reaches!the!
throne!he!has!almost!choked!to!death!
and!is!unable!to!speak.!As!it!is!a!capital!
offence!for!anyone!to!spit!or!wipe!his!
mouth!in!the!presence!of!the!king,!
executions!are!carried!out!by!having!the!
floor!strewn!with!a!dark!poison!which!
kills!within!twentyafour!hours.!But!to!do!
justice!to!the!king’s!clemencyaand!to!
dispel!any!fears!new!visitors!may!havea
it!must!be!added!that!the!infected!areas!
are!carefully!washed!and!scrubbed!after!
such!executions.!
On!coming!within!four!yards!of!the!
throne,!the!visitor!must!kneel!and!strike!
his!forehead!seven!times!against!the!
ground,!pronouncing!the!formula!
“Ickpling.gloffihrobb.squutserumm.blhiop.
mlashnalt.zwin.tnodbalkgufJh.slhiophad.
gurdlubh.asht,!“!which!can!be!translated!
as!“May!your!Celestial!Majesty!outlive!
the!sun,!eleven!moons!and!a!half”!
Luggnagg!is!perhaps!best!known,!
though,!for!its!Struldbruggs,!or!
“immortals.”!Children!are!occasionally!
!
born!with!a!red!circular!spot!just!above!
their!left!eyebrow.!According!to!
Luggnaggians,!this!is!a!sign!that!they!will!
never!die.!By!the!time!the!child!is!twelve!
the!spot!has!grown!larger!and!has!
turned!green.!At!twentyafive!it!darkens.!
At!fortyafive!it!becomes!coal!black!and!is!
the!size!of!a!shilling.!It!will!not!change!
again.!There!are!about!eleven!hundred!
such!immortals!in!the!country.!There!
does!not!appear!to!be!any!explanation!
for!the!Struldbruggs’!appearance!and!the!
condition!is!not!hereditary.!Sadly,!
although!they!do!not!die,!neither!do!they!
enjoy!perpetual!youth!–!undergoing,!
instead,!the!normal!process!of!ageing.!By!
the!time!they!are!eighty,!they!have!all!
the!infirmities!of!old!age,!but!are!faced!
with!the!dreary!prospect!of!living!
forever.!At!this!age,!too,!they!are!legally!
regarded!as!dead.!Their!heirs!succeed!to!
their!estates!and!they!may!no!longer!
purchase!lands!or!act!as!witnesses!in!
trials.!Only!a!pittance!is!reserved!for!
them,!and!the!penniless!immortals!are!
supported!by!the!State.!Perhaps!the!
worst!aspect!of!their!condition!is!that,!as!
the!language!of!Luggnagg!changes!
frequently,!they!eventually!become!
incapable!of!communicating!with!
anyone!and!live!as!foreigners!in!their!
own!country.!
The!Struldbruggs!are!despised!and!hated!
by!the!population!and!their!birth!is!
regarded!as!an!ominous!sign.!Those!who!
marry!another!immortal!have!their!
marriages!dissolved!by!law!at!the!age!of!
eighty,!because!it!is!considered!
unreasonable!that!those!who,!through!
no!fault!of!their!own,!are!burdened!with!
eternal!life,!should!have!the!double!
burden!of!an!eternal!spouse.!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Jonathan!
Swift,!Travels.Into.Several.Remote.Nations.Of.The.
World..In.Four.Parts..By.Lemuel.Gulliver,.First.a.
Surgeon,.and.then.a.Captain.of.several.Ships,!
London,!1726!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
73
!
of!the!Manakamana!cable!car!also!runs!
parallel!to!the!spool!of!film!as!it!is!
exposed!to!light.
Pacho!Velez:!Film!is!beautiful.!And!
messy!in!just!the!right!ways.!A!clean,!
crisp!digital!image!would!have!felt!
incongruous.!It!would!have!allied!the!
film’s!aesthetics!with!the!engineers!who!
designed!the!cable!car!instead!of!the!
locals!who!use!it.!Also,!both!motion!
picture!cameras!and!cable!cars!are!
machines!that!measure!time!through!
movement.!And!both!propel!images!past!
our!eyes.!
!
!
Stephanie!Spray!and!Pacho!Velez,!interviewed!
by!Lucien!CastaingaTaylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,!
2013!
!
!
MAGIC!To!a!very!real!extent,!our!
!
MAGADAN%Le!leitmotiv,!véritablement!
conventionnel!ou!plutôt!reconnaissable,!
de!ce!message,!est!la!ballade!de!Vladimir!
Vissotski!à!propos!de!Magadan,!le!but!
final!du!voyage.!Dans!cette!chanson,!il!
est!dit!clairement!que,!personne!ne!part!
pour!ce!voyage!sans!raison.!L’unique!
raison!de!voyager!jusqu’à!Magadan!
résidait,!pendant!des!décennies,!dans!le!
fait!d’y!avoir!été!envoyé!en!exil,!en!camp!
de!travail!ou!à!la!mort.!Vissotski,!le!
Serge!Gainsbourg!russe!met!l’accent,!
avec!sa!chanson!sur!Magadan,!sur!le!
terrorisme!d’état!stalinien,!qui!coûta!la!
vie!à!des!millions!de!personnes!et!qui!
demeura!tabou!jusqu’à!la!fin!de!l’union!
soviétique.!Alors!que!Rey!réalisa!
apparemment!sans!raison!le!voyage!vers!
Magadan,!il!endossa!les!erreurs!
personnelles,!et!aussi!celles!de!ses!
parents!et!grandaparents.!
D’innombrables!intellectuels!de!gauche!
ont!de!leur!confortable!observatoire!de!
la!consommation!idéalisé!avec!
véhémence!l’Union!soviétique.!Rey!a!
pris!ça!sur!lui!pour!visiter!au!moins!les!
ruines!de!la!promesse.!Son!film!est!avant!
74
!
tout!un!Requiem!:!un!colossal,!en!même!
temps!qu’un!important!Requiem!privé!
sur!cette!utopie!collective.!Ce!n’est!pas!
un!hasard!s’il!est!passé!sur!sa!route!
d’ouest!en!est!aux!environs!de!
Tchernobyl.!L’explosion!du!réacteur!
nucléaire,!l’année!de!la!mort!de!
Tarkovski,!a!des!correspondances!avec!
l’ancienne!profession!de!Rey.!Elle!existe!
surtout!comme!une!métaphore!macabre!
de!la!promesse!de!bonheur!pervertie,!
dans!la!création!d’un!paradis!terrestre!
issu!de!la!mise!en!relation!de!la!
puissance!du!peuple!et!de!l’énergie!
électrique.!Les!conséquences!sont!
connues.
%
!
Claus!Löser,!Kino;Dienst,!2002.
!
!
MAGAZINE%OF%16MM!Stephanie!
Spray:!We!chose!to!shoot!on!film!not!
only!for!aesthetic!reasons,!but!because!it!
lends!structural!integrity!to!our!
commitment!to!filming!the!full!duration!
of!rides!on!the!cable!car.!The!time!that!
elapses!over!a!400’!magazine!of!16!mm!
film!is!roughly!how!long!it!takes!for!a!
ride!up!or!down!the!mountain.!The!cable!
subjects’!positions!are!mirrors!to!our!
own!efforts!at!finding!a!way!forward!
through!an!increasingly!messy!and!
cynical!European!worldview.!How!and!
where!can!we!locate!meaning!in!a!posta
postmodern,!postautopian,!posta
religious!(but!still!spiritual)!space?!We!
were!drawn!towards!subjects!who!
approached!these!awkward!and!
cumbersome!topics!in!their!own!lives,!in!
their!own!practices;!we!ended!up!
choosing!to!work!with!humans!whose!
political!and!social!and!cultural!
perspectives!were!in!fact!directly!
informed!by!their!own!inquiries!into!
some!sort!of!deeper!meaning.!This!is!
magic,!this!is!transcendence,!this!is!the!
utopian!possibility!of!collective!energy.!
[…]!In!spite!of!their!varied!national!
backgrounds,!our!subjects!all!seemed!to!
share!in!a!kind!of!dark!optimism—one!
that!saw!brightness!and!possibility!in!
the!sad!chaos!of!global!capitalism.!It’s!
perhaps!a!bit!clichéd!to!say!as!much,!but!
there!is!a!radical!kind!of!magic!in!all!of!
this.
!
!
Ben!Russell!interviewed!by!Michael!Sicinski,!
Cinema.Scope!56,!2013!
!
!
MAÏNA,!a!small!island!in!the!Pacific,!
rich!in!minerals!and!rubber!plantations.!
Maïna!is!inhabited!by!two!tribes,!the!
Articoles!and!the!Beos.!The!Articoles!are!
descendants!of!the!island’s!first!inhabia
tant!–!the!novelist!Anthony!Scott,!author!
!
!
!
of!The.Dark.Sex.–who!bought!Mama!
from!the!Dutch!government!in!1861.!
The!Beos!are!the!descendants!of!the!
servants!Scott!brought!with!him.!
The!Articoles!are!writers,!painters,!
sculptors!and!musicians!who!live!only!
for!their!artistic!creations.!They!are!
looked!after!by!the!Beos,!whose!sole!
pleasure!consists!of!tending!to!the!
Articoles!–!to!whom!they!offer!
everything,!including!their!own!women.!
Even!when!they!cannot!create,!the!
Articoles!create.!A!famous!Articole!
writer,!Routchko,!published!an!
interesting!confession,!some!16,900!
pages!long,!entitled!Why.I.Cannot.Write.!
According!to!the!Articoles,!every!subject,!
every!experience,!deserves!to!be!
expressed!as!a!form!of!art.!Thus,!an!
Articole!will!publish!not!only!his!Inti;
mate.Journal,!but!also!his!Journal.of.My.
Intimate.Journal;!and!his!wife!will!
publish!the!Journal.of.My.Husband’s.
Journal.of.His.Intimate.Journal.!In!recent!
times,!publishers!addicted!to!the!
Bloomsbury!faith!have!wholeheartedly!
subscribed!to!this!Articole!creed.!
Because!art!and!life!are!synonymous!for!
the!Articoles,!actors!must!be!taken!by!
the!rest!of!their!countrymen!for!the!
roles!they!represent.!A!certain!actress,!
whose!servant!had!forgotten!to!change!
her!name!on!her!dressingaroom!door!for!
that!of!the!character!she!was!going!to!
portray,!entered!the!stage!as!her!real!
self!and!caused!a!commotion!of!national!
proportions.
Visitors!are!well!treated.!They!are!
lodged!in!a!fiveastar!hotel,!the!
Psycharium,!where!they!are!studied!by!
the!Articoles,!who!try!in!this!manner!to!
increase!their!knowledge!of!human!
passions!(which!they!lack)!so!as!to!use!
them!in!their!next!oeuvre.d’art.
!
!
!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Andre!
Maurois,!Voyage.au.Pays.des.Articoles,!Paris,!
1927!
!
!
MAN%OF%IRON%I!shouted!through!the!
megaphone,!telling!Patcheen!to!beware,!
especially!of!one!that!was!in!the!centre!
of!the!channel.!My!voice!grew!hoarse!
with!excitement,!but!still!the!canoe!came!
on,!seemingly!paying!no!heed!to!any!
75
!
warning;!her!crew!were!glancing!swiftly!
on!every!side!as!they!rowed,!and!now!
for!the!first!time!real!fear!for!their!safety!
struck!my!heart.!If!they!failed!to!judge!to!
the!inch!the!position!of!the!submerged!
rocks!and!should!the!receding!sea!
suddenly!leave!the!fangs!exposed,!then!
Patcheen!and!his!men!would!be!seen!no!
more,!except!for!the!few!seconds!before!
they!would!be!sucked!under!by!the!
current!and!swept!away.!
Though!the!great!wave!had!smashed!the!
force!of!the!other!breakers,!they!still!
struggled!onward!on!their!course!
towards!the!curragh.!The!rocks!were!
now!entirely!submerged.!The!curragh!is!
amongst!them!–!she!has!now!almost!
passed!the!spot!where!we!knew!the!
most!dangerous!one!to!be.
“Run!her!in,!Patcheen!!Run!her!in!”!was!
shouted!from!the!shore;!but!it!was!
almost!impossible!to!drive!the!canoe!
against!the!current,!and!before!Patcheen!
could!head!the!curragh!for!the!straight!
short!run!to!the!shore,!another!sea!came!
roaring!in!from!the!South!Channel,!and!
he!had!to!swing!his!curragh's!bows!to!
meet!it.!The!current!dragged!her!
relentlessly!toward!where!death!lay!
lurking.!As!the!curragh!swung!around,!
those!rocky!fangs!came!up!dripping!
white!and!seemed!to!reach!out!for!her,!
but!death!missed!Patcheen!and!his!crew!
by!a!foot;!with!superhuman!strength!
and!uncanny!skill!they!had!managed!to!
hold!the!curragh!about!a!foot!from!the!
cruel!toothed!rock!as!she!met!the!next!
sea!bows!on,!while!the!next!breakers!
came!foaming!in;!she!was!turned!in!
again!in!the!flash!of!an!eye,!and!was!now!
running!straight!for!the!shore.!
Shauneen!Tom!and!some!others!were!
for!rushing!down,!but!I!cursed!them!
back,!for!here!was!the!chance!to!finish!
the!film,!as!Mr.!Flaherty!had!planned,!
and!I!now!depended!on!Big!Patcheen!
and!his!men!being!able!to!save!thema
selves!without!any!assistance!from!us.!
As!the!canoe!was!driven!up!on!the!rocks,!
Patcheen!and!his!men!leaped!out!of!her.!
A!great!sea!was!rushing!in,!and!after!one!
glance!at!it,!to!judge!its!power,!they!ran!
up!over!the!rocks!to!safety.!The!ona
coming!sea!caught!the!curragh,!dragged!
%
!
!
!
76
!
! !
!
it!out!and!smashed!it!to!pieces,!and!this!
last!sea!finished!the!Man.of.Aran.!
Patcheen!and!his!men!were!drenched!
with!sweat!and!brine,!but!their!blue!eyes!
were!lit!up!with!fire,!and!a!great!thrill!of!
wild!pride!shot!through!me!as!I!looked!
at!them,!for!here!had!been!a!trial!of!
some!of!the!old,!old!stock,!and!the!blood!
still!ran!true.
!
!
!
Pat!Mullen,!“The!last!shot”,!Man.of.Aran,!1935!
!
!
MANAKAMANA%(TEMPLE)%One!
manifestation!of!the!Goddess!famed!for!
her!power!and!ability!to!fulfill!the!
wishes!of!her!devotees,!who!must!then!
repay!their!debt!through!animal!
sacrifice.!Her!temple!sits!atop!a!
Himalayan!foothill!in!the!Gorkha!district!
of!Nepal!and!is!accessible!by!hoofing!it!
(walking)!up!1303!meters;!or!by!
perpetually!late,!unreliable,!and!
treacherous!buses!on!terrible!roads;!or!
the!most!advanced!cable!car!in!all!of!
South!Asia.
%
%
Stephanie!Spray,!2013!
!
!
André!Príncipe,!Nota!de!Intenções,!2011!
!
!
!
!
MAPEAMENTO%O!facto!de!Portugal!ter!
as!mesmas!fronteiras!há,!mais!ou!menos,!
oitocentos!anos,!acentua!a!ideia!do!
território!nacional!como!algo!de!
definitivo,!imutável!e!intemporal!como!o!
vento!ou!o!mar.
Na!verdade!quando!não!está!a!seguir!o!
curso!dum!rio,!a!raia!é!aleatória!e!às!
vezes!até!absurda,!sem!qualquer!
determinação!geográfica!ou!geológica,!
apenas!razões!culturais!e!políticas,!uma!
sucessão!de!marcos!fronteiriços!que!
pontuam!um!paisagem!única!e!uniforme.
A!ideia!dum!país!a!partir!da!definição!
territorial!desse!país;!se!a!fronteira!não!
faz!sentido,!o!país!faz!sentido?!Qual?!
Gostaria!de!fazer!um!levantamento!o!
mais!completo!possível!do!território,!
numa!atitude!similar!às!dos!
exploradores!do!séc.!XIX!que!se!
aventuravam!por!territórios!
desconhecidos.
Utilizando!o!próprio!mapa!de!Portugal!
como!guião,!o!filme!começa!no!local!
onde!vai!acabar.!Retratos!de!pessoas,!
topografias!da!paisagem,!cenas!de!
viagem!e!estrada,!encontros!com!
!
!
%
algumas!das!espécies!de!animais!em!vias!
de!extinção.!Imagens!nocturnas!e!
diurnas,!urbanas!e!rurais!realizadas!
durante!um!período!dum!ano,!cobrindo!
as!quatros!estações,!vão!tentar!mapear!a!
ideia!do!Portugal!real,!na!era!pósa
internet.!Ferramentas!como!o!Google!
Earth,!etc!ajudamanos!a!ter!uma!ideia!
precisa!e!completa!do!mundo!enquanto!
espaço!físico.!O!mundo!é!cada!vez!mais!
curto!em!termos!de!distâncias,!mas!cada!
vez!mais!vasto!em!termos!psicológicos.!
O!filme!seria!uma!tentativa!de!mapear!
essa!paisagem!psicológica!e!emocional!
dentro!dum!dado!limite!–!as!fronteiras!
portuguesas.!Como!ir!ao!sotão!de!casa!e!
descobrir!um!velho!albúm!de!fotografias!
de!família,!cheio!de!pessoas!conhecidas!
em!locais!estranhos,!e!pessoas!
desconhecidas!em!locais!familiares.!Uma!
sensação!simultânea!de!familiaridade!e!
estranheza,!que!nos!leva!a!repensar!as!
ideias!que!temos!sobre!aquilo!que!
julgamos!conhecer!–!o!nosso!país.!
MARQUESAS,%THE!Although!the!
dawn!was!thus!preparing!by!four,!the!
sun!was!not!up!till!six;!and!it!was!halfa
past!five!before!we!could!distinguish!our!
expected!islands!from!the!clouds!on!the!
horizon.!Eight!degrees!south,!and!the!
day!two!hours!aacoming.!The!interval!
was!passed!on!deck!in!the!silence!of!
expectation,!the!customary!thrill!of!
landfall!heightened!by!the!strangeness!
of!the!shores!we!were!then!approaching.!
Slowly!they!took!shape!in!the!
attenuating!darkness,!Uaahuna,!piling!up!
to!a!truncated!summit,!appeared!the!
first!upon!the!starboard!bow,!whelmed!
in!cloud;!and!betwixt!and!to!the!
southward,!the!first!rays!of!the!sun!
displayed!the!needles!of!Uaapu.!These!
pricked!about!the!line!of!the!horizon;!
like!the!pinnacles!of!some!ornate!and!
monstrous!church,!they!stood!there,!in!
the!sparkling!brightness!of!the!
morning…..
It!was!longer!ere!we!spied!the!native!
village,!standing!(in!the!universal!
fashion)!close!upon!a!curve!of!beach,!
close!under!a!grove!of!palms;!the!sea!in!
front!growling!and!whitening!on!a!
!
!
!
!
concave!arc!of!reef.!For!the!cocoaatree!
and!the!island!man!are!both!lovers!and!
neighbours!of!the!surf.!‘The!coral!waxes,!
the!palm!grows,!but!man!departs,’!says!
the!sad!Tahitian!proverb;!but!they!are!
all!three,!as!long!as!they!endure,!coa
haunters!of!the!beach.!The!mark!of!
anchorage!was!a!blowahole!in!the!rocks,!
near!the!southaeasterly!corner!of!the!
bay.!Punctually!to!our!use,!the!blowahole!
spouted;!the!schooner!turned!upon!her!
heel;!the!anchor!plunged.!It!was!a!small!
sound,!a!great!event;!my!soul!went!
down!with!these!moorings!whence!no!
windlass!may!extract!nor!any!diver!fish!
it!up;!and!I,!and!some!part!of!my!ship’s!
company,!were!from!that!hour!the!
bondslaves!of!the!isles!of!Vivien.”
!
!
Robert!Louis!Stevenson,!The.Marquesas..An.
Island.Landfall,!1894.
!
!
MERGULHO%Lacrau!fazase!dono!da!
significação!de!experiência.!
Experimentação!de!cineasta,!
experienciação!para!os!espectadores!
que!possam!estar!pouco!disponíveis!
para!aventuras!criativas,!invenção!de!
possibilidades!fílmicas!académicas.!
Mergulho,!abandono!à!imprevisibilidade!
da!sala!escura.!Uma!criança!sobre!um!
rochedo!para!um!lago,!hesita,!acaba!por!
saltar.!Quem,!sendo!aquela!criança,!não!
saltasse,!era!bom!que!abandonasse!
imediatamente!a!sala,!escusava!de!
incomodar!depois!os!que!ficam.!O!salto!
cai!num!desconhecido!familiar,!não!visto!
à!superfície!mas!de!matéria!conhecida.!A!
viagem!fazase!acompanhando!o!
movimento!da!sensação!(aquela!jangada!
de!impulsos!electrónicos).!Abandonaase!
a!cidade,!fazase!desse!abandono!a!sua!
composição,!escura,!deserta,!só!existem!
corpos!submissos!em!escalada.!
Muralhas!abandonadas,!movimento!de!
saída;!parques!de!estacionamento!
vazios,!publicidade!ruidosamente!para!
ninguém.!João!Vladimiro!edifica!esta!
cidade!sobre!as!nossas!cidades,!
principalmente!um!campo!sobre!outro!
campo.!“É!como!um!terraço/sobre!outra!
coisa!ainda./Essa!coisa!é!que!é!linda.”!
Sinta!quem!vê.!A!cidade!apagaase!para!
dar!lugar!a!um!mundo!sensorialmente!
reconhecido,!estimulado.!Desfaz!
77
!
hierarquias,!irmana!pedras!e!galhos!e!
homens,!importa!tanto!o!movimento!das!
folhas!pelo!vento!como!o!do!homem!
matando!um!porco!pela!fome.!Ganha!
importância,!mais!uma!vez,!a!sala!que!
sustém!estímulos!exteriores,!centra!o!
espectador!no!filme,!Lacrau!não!é!
possível!em!DVD.!O!sítio!para!onde!
escapa!o!filme!de!João!Vladimiro!existe!
no!apagamento,!na!efectivação!onírica,!
no!mitigar!da!impossível!satisfação!da!
necessidade!humana!de!consolo.!E!há!lá!
gente.
!
!
JHB,!“Manuel!Germano!à!beira!da!estrada”,!
www.inexistenciaforte.blogspot.pt,!2013!
!
!
MESSINESS!Perfumed.Nightmare!isn’t!
always!even,!and!Tahimik’s!lack!of!
resources!can!make!for!some!rough!
going,!but,!in!this!case,!the!lack!of!clarity!
seems!appropriate.!Tahimik!is,!after!all,!
grappling!with!a!pretty!messy!subject!in!
globalization.!Early!in!the!film,!his!
character!comments!how!a!story!of!
airplane!travel!is!worth!more!to!him!
than!actual!money;!later,!he!curses!the!
West’s!tendency!for!wasteful!supera
sizing.!Although!the!earlier!perspective!
may!be!more!naive!than!the!later!one,!
this!isn’t!a!matter!of!right!and!wrong.!
Rather!than!presenting!an!invective!
against!globalization,!Tahimik!considers!
it!as!a!multiasided!system,!hugely!
appealing!in!some!ways,!while!deeply!
troubling!in!others.!By!probing!
globalization!with!cinema!–!a!
quintessentially!industrial!medium!–!the!
director’s!deliberations!become!
ingrained!in!the!creative!process!itself.!
The!film!ends!with!Tahimik’s!character!
declaring!his!own!independence,!but,!by!
this!point,!he’s!only!affirming!what’s!
been!made!altogether!apparent!by!the!
film’s!unique!approach.!
!
!
Max!Goldberg!,!“Kidlat!Tahimik's!“Perfumed!
Nightmare”!Remains!an!Unlikely!Masterpiece”,!
www.sf360.org,!2006!
!
!
METAPHOR!The!film![The.Forgotten.
Space]!continually!returns!to!the!cargo!
ship!on!the!open!ocean,!but!it!also!tracks!
the!ways!goods!move!inland.!The!
camera!takes!us!inside!the!cramped!cabs!
of!the!crane!operator,!the!barge!captain,!
78
!
! !
!
the!train!engineer,!and!the!truck!driver,!
to!listen!as!they!explain!the!demands!of!
their!jobs.!People!are!paired!with!
machines!to!which!they!sometimes!
become!appendages,!now!all!part!of!a!
global,!mobile!factory.!The!voiceaover!
emphasizes!that!factories!have!become!
like!ships,!continually!moving!
production!to!countries!with!low!wages!
and!few!environmental!protections.!And!
ships,!now!mammoth!floating!buildings,!
become!factories!and!warehouses.
!
!
Benjamin!Young,!artforum.com,!2012!
Vitorino!Nemésio,!Corsário.das.Ilhas,!1956!
!
!
MONEY!
Byam:!By!the!way,!what's!your!word!for!
money?
Chief:!Money?!What!is!money?
Byam:!I'll!explain.!Now,!which!would!
you!choose?!The!shilling!or!the!nail?!
[He.chooses.the.nail.]!Oh,!no,!Hitihiti.!
With!one!of!these!you!can!buy!20!of!
these.
Chief:!Where?
Byam:!Well,!in!England.!You!see,!in!
England,!you!must!have!money!to!live!
with!to!buy!food.
Chief:!In!island!of!England,!no!fruit!on!
tree?!No!fish!in!the!sea?
Byam:!Oh,!yes.!Plenty.
Chief:!No!money,!no!food?
Byam:!That's!right
Chief:!I!stay!here.
!
%
!
!
MOLDURA!Apesar!porém!deste!velho!
aparato!telúrico,!a!sismicidade!dos!
Açores!é!benigna;!e!as!populações,!à!
parte!uma!ou!duas!catástrofes!com!
vítimas!de!morte,!já!remotas,!tiram!dele!
apenas!o!cenário!majestoso!do!seu!solo!
e!um!certo!instinto!do!“mistério”!e!do!
carácter!precário!da!existência.!Sob!um!
clima!propício!e!numa!natureza!pródiga,!
que!o!mar!modela!retumbando!em!
falésias!e!furnas!cheias!de!pombos!
bravos,!o!açoriano!é!festeiro,!acolhedor,!
feliz.!O!perfil!austero!das!rochas!e!dos!
tratos!de!lava!alterna!com!a!feracidade!
das!pastagens!e!terras!de!cultura.!Nas!
ilhas!mais!pastoris!–!São!Jorge,!Fores,!
Faial,!Terceira!–!ouvemase!mugir!os!bois!
pelas!canadas!e!caminhos,!junto!dos!
bebedoiros!e!atafonas,!ou!curvados!
sobre!o!trevo!e!a!serradela!nas!lombas!
ladeadas!de!verdadeiras!muralhas!de!
hidrângeas!ou!hortenses,!que!
transformam!as!ilhas,!no!Verão,!em!
largas!aguarelas!de!azul,!verde!e!negro.!
[…] Em!semelhante!moldura,!tépida,!gris!
e!cambiante,!debaixo!de!céus!raro!
límpidos!mas!onde!os!rasgões!de!azul!
ganham!tons!opalinos!de!uma!doçura!de!
sonho,!é!fácil!conceber!a!paisagem!
dantesca!das!Furnas,!mas!de!um!Dante!
que!descansou!dos!círculos!do!Inferno!
na!pintura!do!Paraíso;!a!das!Sete!
Cidades,!cujo!topónimo!ecoa!as!viagens!
aventurosas!dos!pioneiros!das!
descobertas!em!prodigiosas!lagoas!de!
espelho!verde!e!azulaferrete;!as!das!fajãs!
de!São!Jorge,!como!que!precipitadas!da!
sua!serra!dorsal!no!fundo!dos!
!
!
!
!
!
!
MOEBIUS%STRIP%see!Oroboros.
pesqueiros!e!fajãs!e!regadas!de!ribeiras!
margeadas!de!fetos!e!aroídeas,!onde!se!
chegam!a!enterrar!as!vitelas!ainda!
quentes!do!parto!para!obviar!à!
sobrepopulação!pecuária,!e!onde!os!
homens!vivem,!a!poucos!quilómetros!da!
sede!da!comarca,!ao!melhor!estilo!
caseiro!do!tempo!de!D.!Afonso!V…
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Mutiny.on.the.Bounty,!dir.!Frank!Lloyd,!1935!
!
!
MONT%ANALOGUE,!île!de!la!taille!d’un!
continent,!dans!le!Pacifique!sud.!Elle!tire!
son!nom!du!pic!qui!la!couronne!et!qui!
est!le!plus!haut!sommet!de!la!Terre.!Le!
plateau!sousamarin,!qui!entoure!l’île!sur!
des!milliers!de!kilomètres,!contient!
toutes!sortes!de!minéraux!d’origine!
inconnue!qui!ont!la!propriété!d’incurver!
l’espace!autour!d’eux.!
Le!Mont!Analogue!est!ainsi!protégé!du!
inonde!extérieur!par!une!sorte!de!
sphère,!barrière!invisible!et!infrana
chissable,!ouverte!seulement!en!deux!
points!opposés.!L’île!n’a!jamais!eu!
d’existence!officielle,!car!aucune!mesure!
ne!peut!rendre!compte!de!sa!position.!
Soit,!par!exemple,!un!navire!en!un!point!
A,!au!sudaouest!de!l’île,!et!un!phare,!en!
un!point!B,!au!nordaest.!La!lumière!du!
phare!sera!vue!du!point!A!comme!s’il!n’y!
avait!rien!entre!A!et!B,!car!elle!
contournera!l’obstacle!de!la!montagne.!
Si!le!bateau!avance!sur!la!ligne!AB,!il!
semblera!suivre!une!route!directe!et!
évitera!le!Mont!Analogue!;!la!courbure!
de!l’espace,!déviant!la!lumière!des!
étoiles!et!modifiant!les!forces!
magnétiques,!faussera!les!indications!
données!par!le!sextant!et!le!compas.!Le!
bateau!luiamême!ainsi!que!chaque!chose!
à!bord!se!courberont!insensiblement.!
Bien!que!l’île!possède!les!dimensions!de!
l’Australie,!il!est!difficile!de!comprendre!
comment!on!a!pu!la!découvrir.!L’unique!
compte!rendu!d’une!expédition!au!Mont!
Analogue!est!malheureusement!
incomplet!et!ne!précise!pas!si!la!
montagne!a!été!escaladée.!Il!donne!
cependant!une!bonne!description!de!
PortaauxaSinges!et!la!structure!sociale!
de!l’île.!L’autorité!est!entre!les!mains!de!
guides!de!montagne!qui!forment!une!
classe!à!part.!Non!seulement!ils!
organisent!des!cordées,!mais!ils!
gouvernent!aussi!les!villages!de!la!côte!
et!de!la!montagne.
Il!n’y!a!pas!de!population!indigène:!les!
habitants!sont!venus!du!monde!entier,!à!
différentes!époques,!dans!le!seul!but!de!
gravir!le!Mont!Analogue!qui,!comme!
chacun!sait,!est!le!trait!d’union!entre!le!
ciel!et!la!terre.!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!René!
Daumal,!Le.Mont.analogue,!Paris,!1952!
!
!
MONTEIRO,%JOÃO%CÉSAR
%
!
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!
!
!
!
Joaquim!Pinto,!2013!
!
!
79
!
MORADA!Onde!moram!as!fronteiras!
entre!a!realidade!e!a!personalidade!de!
um!olhar?!O!que!existe!para!lá!do!
silêncio?!Onde!se!divorciou!o!homem!da!
natureza?!Lacrau,!assombroso!filme!de!
João!Vladimiro,!não!pretende!daranos!
respostas!arrumadas!nem!
sistematizadas!a!estas!(e!eventualmente!
outras)!questões.!Na!verdade,!mais!que!
responder,!Lacrau!indaga,!procura,!
escuta!e!observa.!E,!longe!da!cidade!(que!
fugazmente!encontramos!ordenada,!
geométrica!e!adormecida,!entre!o!ocaso!
e!a!noite),!transportaanos,!como!numa!
fuga,!para!um!lugar!onde!uma!pulsão!
terrena!(de!coisa!da!“terra”,!dos!musgos,!
das!águas!e!dos!xistos)!anima!verdades!
ancestrais!que!respiram!ainda!hoje!o!
mesmo!ar!que!nós,!que!nos!sentamos!
numa!sala!de!cinema.!
Em!grande!parte!rodado!numa!aldeia!
beirã!do!interior,!Lacrau!contempla,!sob!
o!ritmo!com!que!os!minutos!ali!se!
contam,!as!rotinas!das!águas!que!correm!
nos!riachos,!os!passos!de!quem!carrega!
sacas!na!cabeça,!os!passos!do!gado,!os!
gestos!de!quem!fecha!um!curral…!Mas!é!
da!natureza!que!brota!a!força!(que!tem!
algo!de!sagrado)!que!molda!as!formas,!
os!movimentos,!as!cores.!Formas!
irregulares!(no!mais!evidente!contraste!
com!as!frestas!de!olhares!urbanos!que!
irrompem!a!momentos),!que!a!música!–!
que!vai!de!cantos!que!escutam!tradições!
à!ancestralidade!moderna!da!Dolmen.
Music!de!Meredith!Monk!–!tão!bem!
vinca,!partilhando!o!espaço!com!os!
silêncios!que!moram!entre!aqueles!
lugares.!
MOUNTAIN!In!1923,!a!group!of!young!
sappers!was!surveying!an!inaccessible!
part!of!Africa.!At!the!end!of!a!hard!day's!
work!under!the!tropical!sun,!a!single!hill!
remained!to!be!plotted!onto!the!plane!
table.!The!men!were!eager!to!return!to!
base;!it!occurred!to!one!of!them!that!it!
was!only!a!little!hill!and!could!easily!be!
filled!in,!by!the!eye!of!faith!and!a!little!
imagination,!in!the!drawing!office.!The!
suggestion!was!approved.!The!inventive!
gentlemen!cut!out!a!picture!of!an!
elephant!from!a!magazine,!fixed!it!to!
their!map,!and!drew!around!it,!creating!
form!lines!for!the!hill!they!had!not!
surveyed.!The!elephantashaped!hill!may!
still!be!seen!today!in!the!northawest!
corner!of!sheet!17!of!Africa.(Gold.Coast)!
in!the!British!1:62,500!map!series.
!
!
Alberto!Manguel,!The.Dictionnary.of.Imaginary.
Places,!1987!
!
!
MUST!The!frame!is!horizontally!
divided!into!two!shades!of!blue:!the!sea!
below!and!the!sky!above.!At!a!distance,!
there!is!a!foggy!form:!it!must!be!an!
island.!Above!it,!a!long!white!cloud!and!
other!smaller,!scattered!clouds.!
!
%
!
!
Nuno!Galopim,!“Os!filmes!do!IndieLisboa!(2),!
www.!soundaavision.blogspot.pt,!2013!
!
!
!
!
!
!
NAMES!AND%THINGS%A!film!(24!
images!a!second)!on!the!difficulties!of!
painting!a!picture.!Anna,!a!painter!who!
is!one!of!the!team,!complains!at!the!
beginning!about!the!difficult!conditions!
under!which!she!has!to!work:!she!needs!
a!table,!decent!light,!needs!to!
concentrate;!tensions!upset!her,!as!does!
the!constant!swaying!of!the!palms,!
which!changes!the!light.!At!the!end!the!
film![Study.of.an.Island]!shows!the!
beautiful!and!precise!pictures!of!fruit!
she!painted.!But!a!boy!tells!her!that!the!
name!she!gave!the!fruit!is!wrong.!
There!are!things!for!which!no!name!
exists:!in!the!film!we!see!the!house!in!
which!the!group!is!to!live!being!built.!
Then!the!men!from!the!village!put!tree!
trunks!tied!together!on!the!top!to!form!
the!roof.!
One!of!the!group!asks!the!villagers!what!
the!word!for!roof!is.!It!turns!out!there!is!
no!word!roof,!only!for!side.!
%
Norbert!Jochum,!“Rites!and!wrongs!on!a!distant!
island”,!Die.Zeit,!1979!
!
80
!
! !
!
NAUFRÁGIO!As!almas!ou!alminhas:!
uma!cruz!sobre!um!cubo!de!pedra,!com!
um!azulejo!azul!e!branco!no!centro!
representando!São!Miguel.!A!dois!de!
Novembro!as!almas!aparecem,!porque!
São!Miguel!as!pesca!do!purgatório!com!
uma!corda.!É!preciso!uma!corda!para!
cada!alma.!São!Miguel!está!pejada!de!
cruzes!e,!consequentemente,!de!almas!
que!vagueiam!pelos!recifes,!pelos!
precipícios,!pelas!praias!de!lava!onde!o!
mar!se!enfuria.!Quando!é!noite!fechada!
ou!de!manhã!muito!cedo,!se!estivermos!
bem!atentos,!conseguiremos!ouviralhes!
as!vozes.!São!lamentos!confusos,!litanias!
e!sussurros!que,!quem!for!céptico!ou!
distraído,!é!fácil!que!os!confunda!com!o!
ruído!do!mar!ou!o!grito!dos!abutres.!
Muitas!são!almas!de!náufragos.!
Aqui!se!despedaçaram!as!primeiras!
barcas!dos!portugueses!que!foram!
explorar!os!mares,!os!corsários!de!Sir!
Walter!Raleigh!e!do!Earl!de!Cumberland,!
a!frota!espanhola!de!D.!Pedro!de!Valdez!
que!pretendia!anexar!os!Açores!à!coroa!
filipina.!Na!realidade!os!espanhóis!
conseguiram!desembarcar!e!o!seu!
!
81
!
naufrágio!consumouase!na!Terceira,!em!
1581,!na!batalha!da!Salga.!Os!açorianos!
esperaram!o!exército!espanhol!no!alto!
de!uma!colina,!de!onde!largaram!contra!
ele!manadas!de!touros!enfurecidos!que!
o!desbarataram.!Entre!os!combatentes!
encontravamase!Cervantes!e!Lope,!que!
recordou!numa!quadra!a!selvagem!
batalha.!
E!depois!vieram!os!naufrágios!que!então!
estavam!na!berra,!e!que!faziam!notícia!
nos!jornais!ou!nas!revistas!ilustradas.!
Eram!as!peripécias!de!viajantes!ricos!e!
excêntricos,!que!se!deixavam!fotografar!
nos!seus!barcos!de!luxo!quando!partiam!
de!Nova!Iorque!ou!de!New!Bedford.!
Caracóis!platinados!ao!vento,!blazers!
com!botões!dourados,!foulards.!A!rolha!
do!champanhe!saltou!e!o!vinho!
espumeja!para!fora!da!garrafa.!Imaginaa
se!um!foxatrot!e!outras!musiquetas.!Os!
barcos!têm!nomes!extravagantes!como!a!
vida!dos!seus!proprietários:!Ho!Ho,!
Anahita,!Banana!Split.!Boa!viagem,!
senhores,!auspiciaalhes!uma!olvidável!
autoridade!citadina!vinda!para!cortar!a!
amarra!com!tesoura!de!prata.!'
Também!o!mundo!está!a!naufragar,!mas!
eles!não!parecem!dar!por!isso.!
!
!
!
!
Antonio!Tabucchi,!Mulher.de.Porto.Pim,.Outros.
Fragmentos,!1983!
!
!
NAURU%Pequena!e!remota!ilha!tropical!
do!pacífico,!colonizada!pelos!
micronésios!em!tempos!préahistóricos.!
Nauru!foi!anexada!à!Alemanha!em!1888,!
foi!ocupada!pela!Austrália!em!1914!e!
veio!a!alcançar!a!independência!em!
1968.![…]!O!estilo!de!vida!tradicional!
dos!nauruanos!baseavaase!na!
agricultura!e!na!pesca!e!implicava!
frequentes!episódios!de!fome,!devido!às!
secas!e!aos!solos!pobres!da!ilha.!Os!
primeiros!visitantes!europeus!notaram,!
contudo,!que!o!povo!nauruano!era!gordo!
e!que!admirava!as!pessoas!gordas!e!
punha!as!raparigas!de!dieta!para!as!
engordar!e!assim!tornáalas!mais!
atraentes.!Em!1906!descobriuase!que!a!
maior!parte!de!Nauru!por!baixo!dos!
solos!pobres!era!composta!por!pedra!
com!a!maior!concentração!de!fosfato!do!
mundo,!um!ingrediente!essencial!nos!
fertilizantes.!Em!1922,!a!companhia!
82
!
! !
!
mineira!que!extraía!o!fosfato!começou!a!
pagar!direitos!aos!habitantes!da!ilha.!
Esta!nova!riqueza!conduziu!a!que,!em!
1927,!o!consumo!médio!de!açúcar!por!
parte!dos!nauruanos!alcançasse!450!
gramas!por!dia!e!os!trabalhadores!
vinham!de!fora!porque!os!nauruanos!
não!gostavam!do!trabalho!nas!minas.
Durante!a!II!Guerra!Mundial,!Nauru!foi!
ocupada!por!forças!militares!japonesas!
que!impuseram!o!trabalho!obrigatório,!
reduziram!as!rações!de!comida!para!225!
gramas!de!abóbora!por!dia!e!depois!
deportaram!a!maioria!da!população!
para!Turk,!onde!metade!morreu!à!fome.!
Quando!os!sobreviventes!regressaram!a!
Nauru!recuperaram!os!direitos!do!
fosfato,!abandonaram!quase!por!
completo!a!agricultura!e!voltaram!a!
comprar!tudo!nos!supermercados,!
enchendo!os!carrinhos!com!sacos!de!
açúcar!e!consumindo!o!dobro!da!dose!de!
calorias!recomendado.!Tornaramase!
sedentários!e!passaram!a!depender!de!
veículos!motorizados!para!se!
deslocarem!na!sua!ilha!pequena!ilha!
(com!um!raio!médio!de!2,5!km).!Após!a!
independência,!os!direitos!anuais!per.
capita.aumentaram!para!23!000!dólares,!
tornando!os!nauruanos!um!dos!povos!
mais!ricos!do!mundo.!Hoje!em!dia!são!a!
população!mais!obesa!das!ilhas!do!
Pacífico.
!
!
!
Jared!Diamond,!O.mundo.até.ontem,!2012!
!
!
NEVERDNEVERLAND,!an!island!of!
uncertain!location.!No!female!visitors!
are!allowed.!Access!to!NeveraNever!
Land!is!obtained!by!one!of!‘three!means.!
It!is!sometimes!seen!by!children!as!they!
hover!on!the!edge!of!sleep;!in!this!case,!
NeverNever!Land!presents!itself!to!the!
sleeper,!rather!than!being!sought!by!
him.!It!can!be!reached!by!baby!boys!who!
fall!out!of!their!perambulators!while!
their!nurses!are!not!looking!(they!come!
mainly!from!Kensington!Gardens,!
London);!if!no!one!collects!them!during!
the!following!week,!they!are!sent!to!
NeveraNever!Land,!where!they!become!
Lost!Boys.!(Girls!are!said!to!be!too!
intelligent!to!fall!out!in!the!first!place.)!
Finally,!visitors!can!be!taken!to!Nevera
Never!Land!by!a!neveraaging!boy,!Peter!
Pan,!who!refuses!to!grow!up!and!claims!
to!have!run!away!the!day!he!was!born.!
Peter!Pan!has!all!his!first!teeth,!retains!
his!first!childish!laugh!and!can!fly!with!
the!aid!of!magic!dust,!which!he!also!
sprinkles!on!his!guests.!The!only!girl!
known!to!have!visited!NeveraNever!
Land!is!Wendy!Darling!who,!
accompanied!by!her!two!smaller!brotha
ers,!was!asked!to!go!to!the!island!to!be!a!
mother!to!the!Lost!Boys.!
The!Lost!Boys!live!in!an!underground!
house!entered!through!the!trunks!of!
seven!hollow!trees.!The!only!other!
outlet!is!a!chimney!disguised!as!a!
chimney.!The!whole!house!consists!of!
one!large!room,!in!the!middle!of!which!
stands!a!never.tree!which!is!sawn!down!
level!with!the!floor!each!day;!by!tea!time!
it!has!grown!high!enough!to!use!as!a!
table,!and!after!tea!it!is!cut!down!again!
to!make!more!room!for!playing!games.!
Around!the!tree!grow!mushrooms!used!
for!stools.!When!the!Lost!Boys!wish!to!
go!fishing!they!simply!dig!holes!in!the!
floor.!They!sleep!in!a!large!bed!which!is!
tilted!against!the!wall!during!the!daya
time!and!let!down!at!6:30!each!evening;!
it!takes!up!almost!half!the!room!when!it!
is!down.!Although!the!bed!is!crowded,!
the!Lost!Boys!have!reached!an!agreea
ment!by!which!they!all!turn!over!at!the!
same!time!when!a!signal!is!given.!
Though!some!of!the!meals!eaten!by!the!
Lost!Boys!are!makeabelieve,!they!usually!
live!on!a!diet!of!breadfruit,!yams,!
coconuts,!baked!pig!and!bananas,!the!
whole!washed!down!with!calabash!or!
pawapaw!juice.!They!dress!in!the!skins!
of!bears!that!they!have!killed!
themselves;!their!clothes!make!them!so!
round!and!furry!that!if!they!fall!over,!
they!roll!away.!As!a!result,!they!have!
become!very!sureafooted.!Peter!Pan!is!
their!leader,!and!very!little!occurs!in!
NeveraNever!Land!while!he!is!away.!He!
entertains!the!Lost!Boys!by!playing!his!
pipes!and!by!telling!them!stories!he!
picks!up!from!listening!at!other!
children’s!bedrooms!at!nighttime.!
NeveraNever!Land!is!also!inhabited!by!a!
tribe!of!Red!Indians,!the!Piccanniny!
tribe,!renowned!for!their!cruelty.!They!
adorn!their!bodies!with!paint!and!oil!
!
!
!
!
!
!
and!carry!knives!and!tomahawks!for!
taking!scalps.!Their!chief!is!Great!Big!
Little!Panther,!father!of!the!beautiful!
Tiger!Lily.!So!great!is!her!reluctance!to!
marry!that!she!is!said!to!“stave!off!the!
altar!with!the!hatchet.”!Since!Tiger!Lily!
was!rescued!from!pirates!by!Peter!Pan,!
the!Indians!have!been!friends!and!allies!
of!the!Lost!Boys.!
The!island!was!known!in!the!past!to!be!a!
haunt!of!pirates,!notably!the!infamous!
Captain!Hook!and!the!agreeable!Smee.!
Peter!Pan!once!cut!off!Hook’s!hand!and!
gave!it!to!a!gigantic!crocodile,!Who!
enjoyed!it!so!much!that!it!decided!to!
pursue!Captain!Hook!in!order!to!get!the!
rest!of!him.!But!the!crocodile!had!once!
swallowed!an!alarm!clock,!and!its!
ticking!warned!Hook!when!the!crocodile!
was!coming.!In!the!end!it!did!eat!him,!
after!he!was!defeated!by!Peter!Pan.!The!
pirates’!favourite!occupations!used!to!be!
kidnapping!people!and!making!them!
walk!the!plank.!
The!coral!caves!beneath!the!lagoon!are!
the!homes!of!the!mermaids,!beautiful!
creatures!who!spend!their!days!basking!
in!the!sun!and!combing!their!hair.!
Though!beautiful,!the!mermaids!are!
known!to!be!unfriendly!and!malicious,!
and!are!probably!distantly!related!to!the!
good!mermaids!of!Merking’s!Kingdom.!
Visitors!can!sometimes!see!them!playa!
version!of!football,!using!the!bubbles!left!
behind!by!rain!storms.!The!goals!are!at!
both!ends!of!the!rainbow!and!the!
players!hit!the!bubbles!with!their!tails.!
Only!the!goalkeepers!are!allowed!to!use!
their!hands.!
NeveraNever!Land!is!also!the!abode!of!
fairies,!who!live!in!nests!in!the!tree!tops.!
Boy!fairies!wear!mauve,!and!girl!fairies!
white,!though!some!silly!fairies!insist!on!
wearing!blue.!Fairies!shine!all!the!time!
they!are!awake,!providing!a!natural!
illumination!for!their!nests.!
One!of!the!most!famous!of!all!fairies!is!
Tinker!Bell,!who!for!a!long!time!was!
Peter!Pan’s!companion.!Fairies,!as!a!
general!rule,!do!not!live!much!longer!
than!a!year.!A!fairy!is!born!every!time!a!
newborn!baby!laughs;!one!dies!every!
time!a!child!says!that!he!or!she!does!not!
believe!in!fairies.!A!wellaknown!method!
!
!
!
!
83
!
for!restoring!a!fairy’s!life!consists!of!
clapping!one’s!hands;!massive!séances!
are!held!at!Christmasatime,!mainly!in!
England,!for!this!purpose!and!are!
commonly!known!as!“pantomimes.”!
The!fauna!of!NeveraNever!Land!includes!
a!vast!range!of!predators!and!mana
eaters,!from!bears!and!wolves!to!lions!
and!tigers.!The!island!is!also!the!only!
known!haunt!of!the!never.bird,!which!
nests!in!a!hat!floating!in!the!lagoon.!
Peter!Pan!sometimes!borrows!the!hat!
(replacing!it!with!a!floating!nest)!and!
wears!it!for!special!occasions.
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Sir!James!
Matthew!Barrie,!Peter.Pan,.or.the.Boy.Who.
Wouldn’t.Grow.Up,!London,!1904;!Sir!James!
Matthew!Barrie,!Peter.Pan.in.Kensington.
Gardens,!London,!1906;!Sir!James!Matthew!
Barrie,!Peter.and.Wendy,!London,!1911!!
!
!
NO%SAFE%PLACE!
There!is!a!hot!wind!blowing
It!moves!across!the!oceans!and!into!
every!port.
A!plague.!A!black!plague.!There's!danger!
everywhere
And!you've!been!sailing.
!
!
!
!
!
And!you're!all!alone!on!an!island!now!
tuning!in.
Did!you!think!this!was!the!way
Your!world!would!end?
Hombres.!Sailors.!Comrades.
!
!
!
!
!
There!is!no!pure!land!now.!No!safe!
place.
And!we!stand!here!on!the!pier
Watching!you!drown.
Love!among!the!sailors.
Love!among!the!sailors.
!
!
!
!
!
There!is!a!hot!wind!blowing.
Plague!drifts!across!the!oceans.
And!if!this!is!the!work!of!an!angry!god
I!want!to!look!into!his!angry!face.
There!is!no!pure!land!now.!No!safe!
place.
Come!with!us!into!the!mountains.
Hombres.!Sailors.!Comrades.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Laurie!Anderson,!“Love!Among!The!Sailors”,!
Bright.Red,!199!
!
!
NOM!On!s'est!longtemps!plu!à!citer!ces!
langues!où!les!termes!manquent,!pour!
exprimer!des!concepts!tels!que!.eux!
!
! !
!
!
!
!
84
d'arbre!ou!(l'animal,!bien!qu'on!y!trouve!
tous!les!mots!nécessaires!à!un!
inventaire!détaillé!des!espèces!et!des!
variétés.!Mais,!en!invoquant!ces!cas!à!
l'appui!d'une!prétendue!inaptitude!des!“!
primitifs”!à!la!pensée!abstraite,!on!
omettait!d'abord!d'autres!exemples,!qui!
attestent!que!la!richesse!en!mots!
abstraits!n'est!pas!l'apanage!des!seules!
langues!civilisées.!C'est!ainsi!que!le!
chinook,!langue!du!nordaouest!de!
l'Amérique!du!Nord,!fait!usage!de!mots!
abstraits!pour!désigner!beaucoup!de!
propriétés,!ou!de!qualités!des!êtres!et!
des!choses!:!“!Ce!procédé,!dit!Boas,!y!est!
plus!fréquent!que!dans!tout!autre!
langage!connu!de!moi.!“!La!proposition!:!
le!méchant!homme!a!tué!le!pauvre!
enfant,!se!rend!en!chinook!par:!la!
méchanceté!de!l'homme!a!tué!la!
pauvreté!de!l'enfant!';!et,!pour!dire!
qu'une!femme!utilise!un!panier!trop!
petit:!elle!met!des!racines!de!potentille!
dans!la!petitesse!d'un!panier!à!
coquillages.
Dans!toute!langue,!d'ailleurs,!le!discours!
et!la!syntaxe!fournissent!les!ressources!
indispensables!pour!suppléer!aux!
lacunes!du!vocabulaire.!Et!le!caractère!
tendancieux!de!l'argument!évoqué!au!
paragraphe!précédent!est!bien!mis!en!
évidence,!quand!on!note!que!la!situation!
inverse,!c'estaàadire!celle!où!les!termes!
très!généraux!l'emportent!sur!les!
appellations!spécifiques,!a!été!aussi!
exploitée!pour!affirmer!l'indigence!
intellectuelle!des!sauvages:!
“!Parmi!les!plantes!et!les!animaux,!
l'Indien!ne!nomme!que!les!espèces!utiles!
ou!nuisibles!;!les!autres!sont!classées!
indistinctement!comme!oiseau,!
mauvaise!herbe,!etc.!“!(Krause)!
Un!observateur!plus!récent!semble!
pareillement!croire!que!l'indigène!
nomme!et!conçoit!seulement!en!fonction!
de!ses!besoins!:!
“!e!me!souviens!encore!de!l'hilarité!
provoquée!chez!mes!amis!des!îles!
Marquises!…!par!l'intérêt!(à!leurs!yeux,!
pure!sottise)!témoigné!par!le!botaniste!
de!notre!expédition!de!1921,!envers!les!
“mauvaises!herbes”!sans!nom!(“sans!
utilité”)!qu'il!recueillait,!et!dont!il!voulait!
savoir!comment!elles!s'appelaient.”!
!
!
(Handy!et!Pukui) Pourtant,!Handy!
compare!cette!indifférence!à!celle!que,!
dans!notre!civilisation,!le!spécialiste!
témoigne!aux!phénomènes!qui!ne!
relèvent!pas!immédiatement!de!son!
domaine.![…]
En!vérité,!le!découpage!conceptuel!varie!
avec!chaque!langue,!et,!comme!le!
remarquait!fort!bien,!au!XVIIII!siècle,!le!
rédacteur!de!l'article!“Nom”!dans!
l'Encyclopédie,!l'usage!de!termes!plus!
ou!moins!abstraits!n'est!pas!la!fonction!
de!capacités!intellectuelles,!mais!des!
intérêts!inégalement!marqués!et!
détaillés!de!chaque!société!particulière!
au!sein!de!la!société!nationale!“!Montez!
à!l'Observatoire;!chaque!étoile!n'y!est!
plus!une!étoile!tout!simplement,!c'est!
l'étoile!ß!du!Capricorne,!c'est!le!γ!du!
Centaure,!c'est!le!δ!de!la!Grande!Ourse,!
etc..!“
.!
!
!
!
Claude!LéviaStrauss,!Pensée.Sauvage,!1962!
!
!
NOMMER!–!Un!instant,!mes!amis,!
répondit!l’ingénieur,!il!me!paraît!bon!de!
donner!un!nom!à!cette!île,!ainsi!qu’aux!
caps,!aux!promontoires,!aux!cours!d’eau!
que!nous!avons!sous!les!yeux.
–!Très!bon,!dit!le!reporter.!Cela!
simplifiera!à!l’avenir!les!instructions!que!
nous!pourrons!avoir!à!donner!ou!à!
suivre.
–!En!effet,!reprit!le!marin,!c’est!déjà!
quelque!chose!de!pouvoir!dire!où!l’on!va!
et!d’où!l’on!vient.!Au!moins,!on!a!l’air!
d’être!quelque!part.!
!
!
!
!
Jules!Verne,!L’île.mystérieuse,!1874!
!
!
NONDFICTION!Stephanie!Spray:!All!
fiction!films!retain!a!degree!of!
documentary,!in!that!they!document!
performances,!although!this!is!more!or!
less!obscured!in!mainstream!films!with!
quick!edits!and!effects.!The!works!of!
fiction!that!I!find!the!most!compelling!
are!those!that!give!us!time!to!linger!in!
the!space!of!shots,!rather!than!hurriedly!
propel!us!forward!by!narrative!agendas.!
It!would!have!been!impossible!for!us!to!
recreate!this!film!with!the!same!subtlety!
had!we!hired!professional!actors!and!
given!them!a!script!describing!the!same!
scenes!and!dynamics!between!subjects.!
!
!
!
The!opening!scene!in!Nicolas!Pereda’s!
film!Perpetuum.Mobile!shows!an!elderly!
woman!fumbling!about!with!Kleenex!
tissues,!slipping!them!in!and!out!of!her!
pockets,!while!sitting!on!a!bed.!It!is!
framed!oddly,!as!if!the!camera!is!hidden.!
It’s!completely!genius!and!astounding!
and!I!often!wondered!how!he!directed!
her!in!this!scene;!for!it!is!purportedly!
about!nothing,!and!yet!it!is!extremely!
powerful.!I!feel!her!presence!and!her!
realness!because!in!that!moment!she!is!
no!mere!character.!I!later!learned!that!
this!woman!hadn’t!been!directed!at!all,!
but!rather!the!camera!had!simply!been!
left!rolling,!unbeknownst!to!her.
The!distinction!between!fiction!and!nona
fiction!is!frequently!murky!and!the!
documentary!engagement!with!the!real!
is!found!across!genres,!but!extremely!
hard!to!get!on!film,!since!most!film!
subjects!slip!into!becoming!someone!
other!than!themselves,!selfaconscious!
representations,!even!if!they!are!not!
purportedly!acting.!In!Manakamana,!the!
trip!itself!is!surreal;!passengers!are!
propelled!above!a!jungle!in!Nepal,!en!
route!to!a!temple!inhabited!by!a!goddess!
who!demands!blood!sacrifice.!Most!
passengers!have!never!been!in!airplanes!
and!the!time!aloft!can!be!frightening!and!
exhilarating.!This!detachment!it!bestows!
upon!the!journey!for!the!passengers!
heightens!the!sense!that!this!world!is!
fictional,!for!it!is!indeed!a!manufactured!
and!unnatural!experience!for!most!of!
them.
Pacho!Velez:!I!do!a!lot!of!my!thinking!
about!dramatic!structure,!aesthetics,!
and!pacing!through!the!lens!of!theater!
and!of!fiction.!I’m!also!much!more!
engaged!by!the!ethical!discussions!
around!consent!and!representation!in!
fiction!than!in!documentary.!And!I!like!
that!fiction!more!often!trusts!its!
audience!to!luxuriate!in!images!and!
sounds!without!worrying!too!much!
about!conveying!information.!When!
properly!employed,!this!reticence!
encourages!audiences!to!actively!
generate!their!own!understanding!of!an!
ambiguous!situation.!Documentarians!
can!use!the!strategy!too,!though!for!
many!it!seems!too!fuzzy,!too!open!to!
!
!
85
!
multiple!interpretations!or!
misunderstandings.!But!embracing!this!
reticence!is,!I!think,!where!the!element!
of!fiction!enters!into!Manakamana.
NYCTOGRAPH%Any!one!who!has!tried,!as!I!
have!often!done,!the!process!of!getting!out!of!
bed!at!2!a.m.!in!a!winter!night,!lighting!a!candle,!
and!recording!some!happy!thought!which!would!
probably!be!otherwise!forgotten,!will!agree!with!
me!it!entails!much!discomfort.!All!I!have!now!to!
do,!if!I!wake!and!think!of!something!I!wish!to!
record,!is!to!draw!from!under!the!pillow!a!small!
memorandum!book!containing!my!Nyctograph,!
write!a!few!lines,!or!even!a!few!pages,!without!
even!putting!the!hands!outside!the!bedaclothes,!
replace!the!book,!and!go!to!sleep!again.![…]!I!
tried!rows!of!square!holes,!each!to!hold!one!
letter!(quarter!of!an!inch!square!I!found!a!very!
convenient!size),!and!this!proved!a!much!better!
plan!than!the!former;!but!the!letters!were!still!
apt!to!be!illegible.!Then!I!said!to!myself!‘Why!not!
invent!a!square!alphabet,!using!only!dots!at!the!
corners,!and!lines!along!the!sides?’!I!soon!found!
that,!to!make!the!writing!easy!to!read,!it!was!
necessary!to!know!where!each!square!began.!
This!I!secured!by!the!rule!that!every!squarea
letter!should!contain!a!large!black!dot!in!the!
N.W.!corner.![…]![I]!succeeded!in!getting!23!of!
[the!squarealetters]!to!have!a!distinct!
resemblance!to!the!letters!they!were!to!
represent.!Think!of!the!number!of!lonely!hours!a!
blind!man!often!spends!doing!nothing,!when!he!
would!gladly!record!his!thoughts,!and!you!will!
realize!what!a!blessing!you!can!confer!on!him!by!
giving!him!a!small!‘indelible’!memoranduma
book,!with!a!piece!of!pasteaboard!containing!
rows!of!square!holes,!and!teaching!him!the!
squareaalphabet.!
!
!
Stephanie!Spray!and!Pacho!Velez,!interviewed!
by!Lucien!CastaingaTaylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,!
2013!
!
!
NORTH!A!polar!bear!lies!on!the!
ground,!as!if!sleeping.!It’s!safe!to!assume!
there!is!snow,!even!though!the!image!is!
black!and!white,!and!also!that!the!bear!is!
dead.!Standing!behind!it,!we!see!a!man!
from!the!waist!down:!he!is!holding!a!
rifle;!there!is!another!man!to!his!left.!
They!are!both!wearing!boots.
!
!
!
Lewis!Carroll,!Journal,!1891!
!
!
NOTEBOOK%
!
!
!
OBEDIÊNCIA!A!obediência!que!
outrora!justificava!o!temor!dos!deuses,!
exigemana!hoje!dos!povos,!com!a!mesma!
firmeza,!as!leis!do!mercado!que!
substituíram!esses!deuses.!Somos!
mantidos!na!dependência,!e!avançarmos!
sozinhos!apavoraanos!mais!do!que!
encontrar!apoio!apenas!naquilo!que!se!
agita.!E!no!entanto!é!o!desafio!da!
fatalidade!que!temos!de!aceitar,!agora!
que!despojada!dos!seus!faustos!míticos,!
a!fatalidade!se!resume!ao!espírito!cego!
duma!economia!esgotada!por!ter!
esgotado!o!homem!e!a!terra.
!
!
Raoul!Vaneigem,!A.economia.parasitária,!1996!
%
%
ODES,%ISLE%OF,!an!island!two!days’!
Joaquim!Pinto,.2013!
!
sail!from!Entelechy.!Its!name!derives!
from!‘odos,!the!Greek!word!for!a!road.!
All!roads!on!the!island!are!alive!and!
move!of!their!own!free!will.!As!Aristotle!
argues,!the!one!sign!that!something!is!
animal!and!not!mineral!is!that!it!moves!
of!its!own!accord;!the!roads!of!the!island!
can!therefore!be!regarded!as!living!
creatures.!
!
To!travel!about!the!island,!visitors!
should!ask!one!of!the!natives!where!a!
particular!road!is!going.!They!should!
then!climb!onto!the!right!road!and!they!
will!be!transported!to!their!destination!
without!any!difficulty.!Travelling!
through!the!Isle!of!Odes!is,!in!fact,!as!
easy!as!travelling!from!Lyons!to!Avignon!
by!taking!a!boat!down!the!Rhône.!
However,!not!everything!in!the!Isle!of!
Odes!is!perfect:!a!certain!class!of!people,!
called!the!Way!layers!and!Roadabeaters,!
lie!in!wait!for!the!moving!roads!and!
attack!them!with!blind!brutality,!in!
much!the!same!way!as!muggers!attack!
old!ladies.!Waylayers!who!are!caught!
are!broken!on!the!wheel!and!severely!
beaten.!
An!added!attraction!for!the!visitor!to!the!
Isle!of!Odes!is!the!appearance!of!familiar!
roads!moving!freely!about!the!island:!
the!Yellow!Brick!Road,!Caminito,!the!
Road!to!Mandalay,!Coronation!Street,!
Muller’s!Weg,!Calvary!and!the!Narrow!
Road!to!the!Far!North!can!be!seen!
running!across!the!island’s!hills!and!
meadows.!
!
!
!
86
!
! !
!
87
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!François!
Rabelais,!Le.cinquiesme.et.dernier.livre.des.faicts.
et.dicts.du.bon.Pantagruel,.auquel.est.contenu.la.
visitation.de.l’Oracle.de.la.dive.Bacbuc,.et.le.mot.
de.la.bouteille;.pour.lequel.avoir.est.entrepris.tout.
ce.long.voyage,!Paris,!1564!
!
!
ONE!I!want!to!talk!about!how!things!fit!
together.!It’s!directly!related!to!what!I!
teach!in!my!“Math!as!Art”!class,!that!is,!
mathematics!grew!up!here!and!there!–!
things!were!discovered!independently!
from!one!another.!For!example,!the!
growth!constant!2.7182…!known!as!e!
was!found!from!banking;!fractals!date!
back!to!the!golden!ratio!and!Greek!
architecture.!Other!things!were!found!
from!pure!play,!but!as!they!were!
brought!together,!they!would!fit,!and!
eventually!formed!a!precise!structure.!
And!that’s!how!I!believe!the!cabins!work!
too.!I!was!discovering!things!here!and!
here!and!here,!and!all!of!a!sudden!it!
became!coherent.!I!didn’t!invent!the!
juxtapositions!or!their!meanings!–!I!
discovered!them.
!
!
James!Benning,!Conversation,!(FC).Two.Cabins.
by.JB,!2011!
ONENESS!The!more!intimate!you!are!
with!nature,!the!more!you!appreciate!its!
beauty.!It’s!a!beauty!that!consists!not!
only!in!sights!and!sounds!but!in!an!
appreciation!of…!the!whole!thing.!I!don’t!
know!how!to!express!it.!What!is!
significant!is!that!when!you!live!in!the!
woods,!rather!than!just!visiting!them,!
the!beauty!becomes!part!of!your!life!
rather!than!something!you!just!look!at!
from!the!outside.
!
!
Theodore!J.!Kaczynski,!Technological.Slavery:.
The.Collected.Writings.of.Theodore.J..Kaczynski,.
a.k.a..“The.Unabomber”,!2010!
!
!
OROBOROS!see!Moebius!Strip
!
!
!
OTOK%VIS!An!island!off!the!coast!of!
Croatia.!During!the!Yugoslav!era,!it!was!
closed!to!tourists!because!there!was!a!
topsecret!submarine!base!beneath!it.!
But!how!secret!could!that!base!have!
been?!It!was!the!only!island!where!
tourists!couldn’t!go.
!
!
Pacho!Velez,!2013!
!
!
!
PAISAGEM!Absorvoame!na!
extraordinária!paisagem!mineral,!no!
panorama!que!saiu!intacto!das!
entranhas!do!fogo.!Nem!um!sinal!de!vida!
–!extensões!mortas,!calcinadas,!inúteis,!
cuja!beleza!exterior!consiste!
principalmente!na!linha,!na!sólida!
arquitectura!dos!montes!erguidos!até!ao!
céu!em!perfis!severos,!na!solidão!e!na!
cor!que!os!vestem,!no!esforço!de!quem!
despreza!todos!os!pormenores!inúteis!
para!mostrar!descarnado!a!Deus!o!seu!
sofrimento.!Aqui!as!pedras!passaram!
todas!pelo!incêndio!e!assim!clamam!
tisnadas!e!imóveis.!Produto!dum!parto!
monstruoso,!a!ilha!foi!devorada!até!ao!
ponto!de!fundir.!É!a!dor.!É!a!dor!do!
mundo!exposta!a!nossos!olhos,!
imobilizada!diante!de!nossos!olhos!–!a!
dor!descarnada!e!solitária,!muda!e!
trágica,!sem!um!véu,!sem!um!farrapo,!
sem!um!grito.!Só!dor.!
Às!chapadas!negras!sucedemase!as!
chapadas!fúnebres,!aos!rasgões!
avermelhados,!onde!parece!que!lavra!
ainda!o!incêndio,!as!escórias!acabadas!
de!derreter,!ao!minério!de!tons!azulados!
%
88
!
! !
!
e!sombrios!as!fragas!em!atitude!de!
desespero,!os!buracos!dilacerados!até!ao!
íntimo.!Não!houve!piedade,!não!houve!
um!momento!de!suspensão!naquela!
tortura!imensa!e!calada:!tudo,!desde!a!
poeira!até!â!montanha,!passou!pelo!
mesmo!inferno!e!ainda!fumega!no!
último!estertor.!
Não!consigo!tirar!os!olhos!do!panorama!
tremendo,!do!panorama!que!é!um!
pesadelo!donde!extraio!não!sei!que!
prazer!indefinido.!Tudo!se!despenha!em!
catadupas!de!pó!negro,!ou!fundido!dum!
só!jacto!nas!paredes!lisas!e!azuladas,!
negras!com!arabescos!mais!escuros!que!
parecem!caracteres!indecifráveis!–!
petrificadas!em!cores!mais!ricas,!dum!
negro!cor!de!sangue,!fundidas!e!
entranhandoase!umas!nas!outras!até!
chegarem!ao!fundo!cinzento.!Um!abismo!
–!um!tropel!–!um!campo!de!destroços.!E!
sobre!o!caos!cinzento.!
!
!
!
Raul!Brandão,!“!O!Pico”,!As.ilhas.desconhecidas,!
1926!
!
!
PALAY,%ILHA%DE%ver!Hikihoho.
!
!
!
89
!
PANORAMA!Raul!Brandão!escreve,!
n’As.Ilhas.Desconhecidas:!“Já!percebi!que!
o!que!as!ilhas!têm!de!mais!belo!e!as!
completa!é!a!ilha!que!está!em!frente:!o!
Corvo!as!Flores,!Faial!o!Pico,!o!Pico!São!
Jorge,!São!Jorge!a!Terceira!e!a!
Graciosa…”.!Esta!verdade!de!panorama!
começou!por!ser!simplesmente!uma!
verdade!de!“achamento”.!As!ilhas!
descobriramase,!por!assim!dizer,!umas!
às!outras,!pouco!faltando!para!que!
ficassem!conhecidas!por!um!seco!e!
simples!número,!como!uma!flotilha!de!
contratorpedeiros!estacados!no!mar.![…]
Tudo,!para!o!ilhéu,!se!resume!em!
longitude!e!apartamento.!A!solidão!é!o!
âmago!do!que!está!separado!e!distante.!
Quando!eu!era!garoto!via!apenas,!da!vila!
de!lavradores!e!de!pescadores!onde!
nasci,!o!minúsculo!e!alcantilado!ilhéu!do!
Norte;!e,!ainda!assim,!precisava!subir!à!
serra!do!Facho!e!deitar!homens!e!casas!
para!trás!das!costas.!Resvés!do!Zimbral!
–!uma!rocha!medonha!–,!aquele!penedo!
emerso!era!a!primeira!amostra!de!terra!
fora!do!nosso!pé.!Mas!era!tão!perto!
aquele!país!da!craca,!que!uma!bateira!do!
Joaneta,!a!remos!de!tolete,!o!alcançava!
em!coisa!de!uma!hora!de!bordejo!e!de!
contorno!da!Má!Merenda.!
!
!
!
Vitorino!Nemésio,!Corsário.das.Ilhas,!1956!
PARAÍSO,%ILHA%DO!Tudo!é!paz!e!
!
Anónimo,!A.Lenda.de.São.Brandão,!séc.!IX!
%
!
PARTICIPATORY%ETHNOGRAPHY!
Shot!on!Super!16mm!by!Rivers,!Russell!
and!Chris!Fawcett!(the!Steadicam!
operator!for!Let.Each.One),!Spell!is!
awash!in!atmosphere,!bathed!
90
!
! !
!
!
PATTERN!The!rear!of!a!cargo!ship!in!a!
PERSONAGGIO%Nel!film!l'unico!
wide!shot.!White!letters!indicate!the!
ship’s!name!and!provenance.!Container!
boxes!are!piled!on!top!of!one!another,!
forming!a!colorful!pattern!–!blue,!red,!
yellow,!green!–!against!a!backdrop!of!
blue!sky!and!sea.
!
%
!
!
!
Andréa!Picard,!www.tiff.net,!2013!
!
!
PATIENCE!Because!it!demands!
!
!
alegria.!Uma!claridade!maravilhosa!
banha!todas!as!coisas!e!esta!claridade!
não!vem!do!sol,!pois!não!há!sombra!em!
nenhum!lugar.!A!noite!nunca!vem!
envolver!tudo!com!suas!tênebras!e!as!
tempestades!jamais!aparecem!empura
rando!diante!dela!as!nuvens!negras.!
Colhemos!frutos!suculentos,!de!um!
tamanho!que!jamais!vimos!e!saciamos!
nossa!sede!em!riachos!de!leite!e!em!
fontes!límpidas![…].!Nenhuma!palavra!
humana!pode!expressar!a!emoção!que!
sentimos,!a!felicidade!que!nos!envolveu.
successively!in!natural,!incandescent!
sunshine,!the!blues!of!a!perpetual!magic!
hour,!and!the!stroboscopic!concert!
lighting!of!a!dingy!bar.!Liberated!from!
conventional!narrative!causality,!
Robert's!trajectory!charts!a!continuous!
drift!(superbly!conveyed!by!a!floating!
camera)!that!signals!a!radical!
investigation!of!the!self,!an!enigmatic!
effort!to!“ward!off!the!darkness”!that!is!
engulfing!our!increasingly!secularized!
world.!Is!this!a!search!for!fulfillment,!
mutual!understanding,!a!gesture!to!quell!
boredom!and!unremitting!solitude,!an!
affront!to!utopianism,!or!simply!a!
natural!progression!through!life?!
Choreographing!the!movements!of!their!
nonaactors,!Rivers!and!Russell!explore!a!
participatory!ethnography!with!both!
their!realalife!characters!and!us,!the!
viewers,!drawing!deeply!from!the!
elemental!in!order!to!shake!us!from!our!
viewing!habits.!Bound!by!the!structures!
that!inevitably!dictate!our!lives,!it's!easy!
to!forget!that!the!world!is!vast!and!ripe!
with!possibilities,!and!that!we!should!
probably!attempt!a!few!alternate!modes!
of!existence!before!we!leave!this!Earth!
behind.
extreme!tolerance,!Manakamana!
inspired!plenty!of!walkouts!during!its!
first!screenings!at!the!Locarno!Film!
Festival,!where!audiences!may!have!had!
a!general!idea!of!what!to!expect!but!
couldn't!have!fully!comprehended!the!
precise!challenge.!Interestingly,!many!
viewers!at!the!screening!this!critic!
attended!openly!expressed!their!
frustration!after!the!second!or!third!trip!
rather!than!the!first!one.!That!delay!
suggests!a!lingering!hesitation!even!on!
the!part!of!audiences!without!a!
modicum!of!interest!in!the!movie's!
specific!appeal,!hinting!at!the!possibility!
that!Manakamana!says!as!much!about!
the!erosion!of!patience!as!it!does!about!
the!value!of!holding!onto!it.!
!
!
Eric!Kohn,!“Locarno!Film!Festival!Review:!
Stunning!Documentary!Manakamana!Is!the!
MustaSee!Cinematic!Experience!of!the!Year”,!
indiewire.com!2013!
!
%
!
!
!
PERMISSIVENESS%Modern!society!is!
in!certain!respects!extremely!permisa
sive.!In!matters!that!are!irrelevant!to!the!
functioning!of!the!system!we!can!
generally!do!what!we!please.!We!can!
believe!in!any!religion!we!like!(as!long!
as!it!does!not!encourage!behavior!that!is!
dangerous!to!the!system).!We!can!go!to!
bed!with!anyone!we!like!(as!long!as!we!
practice!“safe!sex”).!We!can!do!anything!
we!like!as!long!as!it!is!unimportant.!But!
in!all!important!matters!the!system!
tends!increasingly!to!regulate!our!
behavior.![…]!For!instance,!the!content!
of!entertainment!programming!is!a!
powerful!form!of!propaganda.!An!
example!of!indirect!coercion:!There!is!
no!law!that!says!we!have!to!go!to!work!
every!day!and!follow!our!employer's!
orders.!Legally!there!is!nothing!to!
prevent!us!from!going!to!live!in!the!wild!
like!primitive!people!or!from!going!into!
business!for!ourselves.!But!in!practice!
there!is!very!little!wild!country!left,!and!
there!is!room!in!the!economy!for!only!a!
limited!number!of!small!business!
owners.!Hence!most!of!us!can!survive!
only!as!someone!else's!employee.!
%
!
Theodore!J.!Kaczynski,!Industrial.Society.and.Its.
Future,!1995!
!
!
!
personaggio!“reso!in!modo!artistico”!è!
probabilmente!il!mio,!e!in!parte!il!
capitano!del!bastimento…!In!genere!le!
persone!ritratte!appaiono!in!sostanza!
come!sono!nella!vita…!Certo,!nei!10!
minuti!dedicati!a!un!marinaio,!o!nei!20!
minuti!incentrati!sul!sottotenente!di!
vascello!non!riesci!a!vedere!il!loro!
carattere!nelle!diverse!situazioni,!ma!
solo!in!una…!Ma,!forse,!in!quel!momento!
quel!lato!del!carattere!è!il!più!
importante.!Nel!film!tutto!è!abbastanza!
rispondente!a!verità.!Quanto!al!capitano!
della!nave!e!ai!miei!pensieri!personali…!
Ci!ho!riflettuto!a!lungo!dopo.!Aleksandr!
Nikolaevic!è!riuscito!a!comporre!le!cose!
in!modo!tale!che!adesso!è!difficile!dire!
cosa!sia!nato!in!me!dopo!il!film,!
trasmessomi!dal!personaggio!inventato,!
e!cosa!fosse!mio!anche!prima,!e!sia!
passato!da!me!al!personaggio!di!fantasia.!
[…]!Quanto!alle!situazioni!reali!e!alle!
emozioni,!probabilmente!esistevano!già!
allora…!Ho!prestato!servizio!a!Kuvsinka!
dal!1989!al!1998,!nove!anni:!una!parte!
notevole!dell'età!matura.!
!
!
Sergej!Bakaj,!“Una!voce!solitariaaaltre!voci!“,!
Aleksandr.Sokurov:.eclissi.di.cinema,!2003!
!
!
PERSONAL%DOCUMENTARY%On!one!
level,!ethnographic!documentary!and!
personal!documentary!might!seem!the!
antithesis!of!each!other:!one!has!
traditionally!involved!the!travels!of!
anthropologists!to!faraflung!locations!to!
observe!people!very!different!from!
themselves;!the!other,!the!selfaconscious!
investigations!by!filmmakers!of!their!
personal!lives.!But!for!all!their!apparent!
differences,!the!two!approaches!are!
fundamentally!two!sides!of!the!same!
cinematic!coin,!the!inverse!of!each!other.!
Robert!Gardner!has!said!that!“going!to!
distant!cultures!leads!to!selfa
examination!which!in!turn!refines!
sensibilities!for!detecting!meaning!in!the!
lives!of!others.”!By!the!early!1970s,!the!
use!of!cinema!to!explore!the!exotic!
Other!had!not!only!revealed!aspects!of!
the!Self!to!particular!ethnographic!
filmmakers,!it—along!with!a!variety!of!
other!cultural!developments—was!
instigating!what!soon!became!a!major!
91
!
new!avenue!for!documentary:!the!cinea
matic!exploration!of!the!patterns!and!
nuances!of!the!filmmakers’!own!culture,!
as!exemplified!by!their!personal!lives.!
%
!
Scott!MacDonald,!American.Ethnographic.Film.
and.Personal.Documentary:.The.Cambridge.Turn,!
2013!
!
!
PHENOMENOLOGY%1%It's!been!a!
prevalent!notion.!Fallen!sparks.!
Fragments!of!vessels!broken!at!the!
Creation.!And!someday,!somehow,!
before!the!end,!a!gathering!back!to!
home.!A!messenger!from!the!Kingdom,!
arriving!at!the!last!moment.!But!I!tell!
you!there!is!no!such!message,!no!such!
home!–!only!the!millions!of!last!
moments!.!.!.!nothing!more.!Our!history!
is!an!aggregate!of!last!moments.
%
!
Thomas!Pynchon,!Gravity's.Rainbow,!1973!
!
%
PHENOMENOLOGY%2%The!body!is!our!
general!medium!for!having!a!world.
%
%
Maurice!MerleauaPonty,!Phenomenology.of.
Perception,!1945!
!
!
PHENOMENOLOGY%3%Call!no!man!
happy!till!he!is!dead.
%
!
Aeschylus,!Agamenon,!458!BC!
!
!
PHILOSOPHERS’%ISLAND,!one!of!
several!high!islands!near!Tierra!del!
Fuego.!The!architecture!on!this!island!is!
remarkable.!The!Philosophers!build!vast!
edifices!(called!“systems”)!starting!with!
the!ridgeapiece!on!the!roof,!which!is!
usually!highly!elaborate.!However,!while!
they!wait!for!the!foundation!to!be!laid!
the!building!generally!collapses,!killing!
the!architect.! The!Philosophers!spend!
their!time!in!curious!occupations:!
weighing!air,!comparing!two!drops!of!
water!and!trying!to!find!definitions!–!
that!is,!trying!to!replace!one!word!by!
several!others!that!mean!the!same.!
The!island!is!always!covered!with!snow;!
the!roads!are!difficult!and!it!is!easy!to!
lose!one’s!way.
!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Abbe!
Pierre!Francois!Guyot!Desfontaines,!Le.Nouveau.
Gulliver,.ou.Voyage.De.Jean.Gulliver,.Fils.Du.
Capitaine.Gulliver..Traduit.d’un.Manuscrit.An;
glois..Par.Monsieur.L.D.F,!Paris,!1730!
!
!
92
!
! !
!
PILGRIMAGE!Just!as!the!ministrations!
of!the!goddess!whom!the!pilgrims!come!
to!venerate!remain!invisible,!the!temple!
which!is!their!ultimate!destination!
remains!unseen!throughout!
Manakamana.!In!the!absence!of!a!visible!
holy!site,!and!a!spiritual!journey!that!has!
been!effectively!expedited!by!the!
installation!of!an!electrified!tightrope!
above!a!vast!jungle,!what!remains!is!a!
surrogate!commute!in!which!the!sacred!
and!profane!collapse!into!a!detached!
procession![…].!From!this!nearly!surreal!
and!yet!utterly!ordinary!vantage!point,!
the!old!trail!to!the!temple!can!be!
occasionally!glimpsed!outside!the!
windows,!like!a!faded!scar!in!the!
landscape!that!invokes!(perhaps!
nostalgically)!the!labours!of!the!original!
pilgrimage!while!reminding!us!that!time!
(and!“progress”)!wraps!us!in!new!skin.!
By!eliding!the!physical!(and!historical)!
toll!of!a!once!arduous!journey,!the!cable!
car!condenses!ritual,!and!the!faith!
commensurate!to!it.!The!question,!posed!
of!most!new!technology,!is:!Are!we!
thereby!delivered!to!our!desired!
destination!(whether!sacred!or!secular)!
simply!more!conveniently,!or!does!the!
very!nature!of!our!conveyance!alter!the!
nature!of!our!pilgrimage?
!
!
Jay!Kuehner,!Cinema.Scope!56,!2013!
!
!
PINHO,%PEDRO!nasceu!em!Maio!de!
1977.!Estudou!cinema!na!ESTC!em!
Lisboa!e!na!ENSLL!em!Paris,!entre!1999!
e!2003.!Frequentou!os!cursos!de!
realização!de!cinema!e!de!argumento!da!
London!Film!School!e!da!Fundação!
Calouste!Gulbenkian!em!2005!e!2006.!
Realizou!2!curtasametragens!em!
contexto!académico,!Perto!(20004)!e!No.
Início!(2005).!Em!2008!concluiu!Bab.
Sebta!–!um!documentário!coarealizado!
com!Frederico!Lobo!sobre!os!tempos!de!
espera!dos!migrantes!nas!cidades!de!
fronteira!ao!Sul!da!Europa!–!que!foi!
premiado!no!FID!Marseille!2008,!no!Doc!
Lisboa!2008!e!no!Forumdoc!BH!2009.!
Em!2009!funda!a!produtora!Terratreme!
com!Leonor!Noivo,!Luisa!Homem,!Tiago!
Hespanha,!João!Matos!e!Susana!Nobre,!
onde!tem!colaborado!como!produtor,!
argumentista!e!director!de!fotografia!em!
filmes!como!Linha.Vermelha!de!José!
Filipe!Costa,!Lacrau!de!João!Vladimiro!e!
A.Fábrica.De.Nada!de!Jorge!Silva!Melo.!
Desde!2010,!trabalha!no!filme!As.
Cidades.e.as.Trocas,!coarealizado!com!
Luisa!Homem,!sobre!os!fluxos!
económicos!e!as!transformações!de!
paisagem!motivados!pela!indústria!do!
turismo.!Em!2013!a!sua!primeira!médiaa
metragem!de!ficção!–!Um.Fim.do.Mundo!
–!estreou!no!Festival!de!Berlim,!e!desde!
então!tem!sido!mostrada!em!vários!
festivais!internacionais,!estando!
prevista!a!sua!estreia!em!sala!em!
Outubro!2013.
!
!
!
!
PINTO,%JOAQUIM!nasceu!em!1957.!
Após!concluir!a!Escola!Superior!de!
Teatro!e!Cinema!na!área!de!som,!é!
responsável!pelo!som!de!inúmeras!
longas!metragens!com!realizadores!
como!Manoel!de!Oliveira,!Raul!Ruiz!e!
Werner!Schroeter.!Em!1986!realiza!e!
produz!a!sua!primeira!longa!metragem,!
Uma.Pedra.no.Bolso,!dando!início!a!um!
ciclo!de!produção!que!começa!com!
Recordações.da.Casa.Amarela!e!termina!
com!A.Comédia.de.Deus,!ambos!de!João!
César!Monteiro.!É!casado!com!Nuno!
Leonel.!Juntos!realizaram!diversos!
documentários!e!filmes!de!animação,!e!
coordenam!uma!editora!de!livros!e!
música.
!
!
!
PISCINA!Vou!ao!comissariado!do!porto!
falar!com!o!comissário!que!não!me!quer!
acreditar!apesar!de!ser!francês.!Voualhe!
explicar!que!estou!em!apuros!porque!
faço!parte!de!uma!corrida!transatlântica!
e!houve!um!barco!que!já!partiu.!Nem!lhe!
vou!dizer!que!partiu!para!o!lado!errado!
e!que!assim!não!vai!ganhar!porque!
depois!ele!diziaame!“Não!se!preocupe!o!
senhor!pode!partir!quando!os!barcos!
chegarem”.!Mas!eu!acho!que!os!
comissários!franceses!que!estão!nas!
ilhas!Canárias!são!uns!marinheiros!de!
água!doce.!Não!percebem!nada!de!nana.!
E!aposto!que!devem!ser!mesmo!de!água!
doce!porque!um!indígena!disseame!que!
ele!devia!ser!completamente!maluco!
porque!tinha!feito!um!tanque!para!
tomar!banho!ao!pé!do!mar!e!que!ainda!
!
!
!
por!cima!já!tinha!uma!piscina.!Acho!que!
isso!choca!muito!os!indígenas,!mas!é!
verdade!que!os!comissários!franceses!
são!doidos.!E!ainda!por!cima!eles!não!
percebem!nada!de!nada.!Isso!chateiaame!
e!aos!indígenas!também.
!
!
Mattia!Denisse,!Logo.depois.da.vírgula,!2011!
!
!
PITIPÍN%La!película!es!un!retrato!de!
frontera!en!el!sentido!geográfico!del!
título!(los!arraianos,!las!personas!que!
viven!en!la!zona!fronteriza!de!Galicia!y!
Portugal),!pero!sobre!todo!en!un!sentido!
de!cohabitación!entre!un!mundo!
material!y!otro!mundo!más!cercano!a!la!
imaginación,!el!mito!y!la!leyenda.!La!
relación!entre!estos!dos!mundos,!uno!
más!concreto!y!físico!y!otro!más!cercano!
a!lo!imaginario!y!a!la!proyección!de!
aquello!que!somos!está!presente!en!el!
film.!Esa!frontera!que!de!forma!más!o!
menos!consciente!cruzamos!todos!los!
días!muchas!veces.!Pienso!que!el!cine!es!
un!arte!que!en!gran!medida!se!basa!en!la!
conjunción!de!estos!dos!mundos,!que!
materializa!en!imágenes!y!en!el!tiempo!
esa!lucha!y!diálogo.!El!cuento!de!Pitipín!
que!una!señora!cuenta!en!una!ventana!
deja!entrever!este!mismo!conflicto:!¿qué!
es!lo!que!nos!alimenta!y!nos!hace!seguir!
adelante,!el!pan!fruto!del!trabajo!o!los!
sueños!de!ese!hermano!fantasioso?!
Probablemente!una!mezcla!de!las!dos!
cosas!porque!la!memoria,!aquello!que!
somos,!se!construye!con!una!mezcla!de!
la!realidad!y!la!construcción!mítica!de!
esa!realidad.!En!este!sentido,!tal!vez!
Pitipín,!el!hermano!utópico!y!soñador,!
sea!en!el!fondo!el!más!realista!porque!la!
realidad!se!construye,!ante!todo,!
imaginándola.
%
!
Eloy!Enciso,!livro!do!DVD!a!publicar!em!2013!
!
!
POINT%On!se!rappelle!que!Gédéon!
Spilett!et!Harbert!avaient!pris,!à!
plusieurs!reprises,!des!vues!
photographiques!de!l’île!Lincoln.
Or,!le!17!de!ce!mois!d’octobre,!vers!trois!
heures!du!soir,!Harbert,!séduit!par!la!
pureté!du!ciel,!eut!la!pensée!de!reproa
duire!toute!la!baie!de!l’Union!qui!faisait!
face!au!plateau!de!Grandea!Vue,!depuis!
le!cap!Mandibule!jusqu’au!cap!Griffe.
%
!
93
!
L’horizon!était!admirablement!dessiné,!
et!la!mer,!ondulant!sous!une!brise!molle,!
présentait!à!son!arrièreaplan!
l’immobilité!des!eaux!d’un!lac,!piquetées!
çà!et!là!de!paillons!lumineux.
L’objectif!avait!été!placé!à!l’une!des!
fenêtres!de!la!grande!salle!de!Granitea
House,!et!par!conséquent,!il!dominait!la!
grève!et!la!baie.!Harbert!procéda!comme!
il!avait!l’habitude!de!le!faire,!et,!le!cliché!
obtenu,!il!alla!le!fixer!au!moyen!des!
substances!qui!étaient!déposées!dans!un!
réduit!obscur!de!GraniteaHouse.
Revenu!en!pleine!lumière,!en!l’examia
nant!bien,!Harbert!aperçut!sur!son!cliché!
un!petit!point!presque!imperceptible!qui!
tachait!l’horizon!de!mer.
Il!essaya!de!le!faire!disparaître!par!un!
lavage!réitéré,!mais!il!ne!put!y!parvenir.
“!C’est!un!défaut!qui!se!trouve!dans!le!
verre!“,!pensaatail.
Et!alors!il!eut!la!curiosité!d’examiner!ce!
défaut!avec!une!forte!lentille!qu’il!
dévissa!de!l’une!des!lunettes.
Mais,!à!peine!eutail!regardé,!qu’il!poussa!
un!cri!et!que!le!cliché!faillit!lui!échapper!
des!mains.
Courant!aussitôt!à!la!chambre!où!se!
tenait!Cyrus!Smith,!il!tendit!le!cliché!et!la!
lentille!à!l’ingénieur,!en!lui!indiquant!la!
petite!tache.
Cyrus!Smith!examina!ce!point!;!puis,!
saisissant!sa!longueavue,!il!se!précipita!
vers!la!fenêtre.
La!longueavue,!après!avoir!parcouru!
lentement!l’horizon,!s’arrêta!enfin!sur!le!
point!suspect,!et!Cyrus!Smith,!
l’abaissant,!ne!prononça!que!ce!mot!:!“!
Navire!!!“
Et,!en!effet,!un!navire!était!en!vue!de!l’île!
Lincoln!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Jules!Verne,!L’île.mystérieuse,!1874!
!
!
POLYGLOTA,!île!de!la!mer!Rouge,!où!
vit!une!race!versatile,!celle!des!
Polyglotes.!Ces!gens,!qui!parlent!toutes!
les!langues,!paralysent!de!stupeur!
l’étranger!de!rencontre!et!peuvent!ainsi!
le!manger!cru!suraleachamp.!Chose!
jamais!vue!à!Paris,!en!dépit!de!la!légende!
populaire.!Dans!la!même!île,!mais!sur!la!
côte!opposée,!vivent!des!hommes!de!
neuf!mètres!de!haut,!dont!le!corps,!fait!!
94
!
! !
!
de!marbre!blanc,!est!équipé!d’ailes!de!
chauveasouris.!La!nuit,!ils!utilisent!leurs!
oreilles!comme!matelas!et!comme!
couvertures.!Dès!que!l’un!de!ces!
hommes!aperçoit!un!autre!être!humain,!
il!dresse!ses!immenses!organes!auditifs!
et!s’envole!précipitamment!vers!les!
déserts!intérieurs.!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Anonyme,!
Liber.monstrorum.de.diversis.generibus,!IXe!
siècle!
!
!
PONTO%DE%VISTA!Sempre!muito!
ofegantes,!e!com!uns!membros!
compridos!que!agitam!a!todo!o!passo.!E!
que!pouco!arredondados!são,!sem!a!
imponência!das!formas!bem!acabadas!e!
plenas,!com!aquela!cabeça!pequena!e!
móvel!em!que!parece!concentrarase!toda!
a!sua!estranha!vida.!Surgem!deslizando!
sobre!o!mar,!mas!não!a!nadar,!como!se!
fossem!pássaros,!e!infligem!a!morte!com!
fragilidade!e!uma!ferocidade!graciosa.!
Fazem!longos!silêncios,!mas!depois!
gritam!uns!com!os!outros!com!fúria!
repentina,!numa!algazarra!de!sons!que!
pouco!variam!e!aos!quais!falta!a!
perfeição!dos!nossos!sons!essenciais:!
chamamento,!amor,!pranto!do!luto.!E!
como!deve!ser!penoso!o!amor!entre!eles,!
e!rude,!quase!brusco,!imediato,!sem!uma!
manta!macia!de!gordura,!facilitado!pela!
sua!natureza!filiforme,!que!não!
contempla!a!heróica!dificuldade!da!
união!nem!os!esplêndidos!e!ternos!
esforços!para!alcançáala.!
Não!gostam!da!água,!até!a!receiam,!não!
se!compreendendo!por!que!razão!a!
frequentam.!Também!se!deslocam!em!
bandos,!mas!não!trazem!fêmeas;!deduza
se!que!elas!se!encontram!algures,!mas!
sempre!invisíveis.!Por!vezes!cantam,!
mas!só!para!si,!e!esse!canto!não!é!um!
chamamento,!mas!uma!forma!de!
lamento!pungente.!Cansamase!depressa,!
e!quando!a!noite!cai!estendemase!sobre!
as!pequenas!ilhas!que!os!conduzem,!e!é!
provável!que!adormeçam!ou!olhem!para!
a!Lua.!Passam!deslizando!em!silêncio!e!
percebease!que!estão!tristes.
!
!
!
Antonio!Tabucchi,!“Post!Scriptum!–!Uma!baleia!
vê!os!homens”,!1983!
!
!
!
POOR%IMAGE!The!poor!image!is!a!
copy!in!motion.!Its!quality!is!bad,!its!
resolution!substandard.!As!it!
accelerates,!it!deteriorates.!It!is!a!ghost!
of!an!image,!a!preview,!a!thumbnail,!an!
errant!idea,!an!itinerant!image!
distributed!for!free,!squeezed!through!
slow!digital!connections,!compressed,!
reproduced,!ripped,!remixed,!as!well!as!
copied!and!pasted!into!other!channels!of!
distribution.
The!poor!image!is!a!rag!or!a!rip;!an!AVI!
or!a!JPEG,!a!lumpen!proletarian!in!the!
class!society!of!appearances,!ranked!and!
valued!according!to!its!resolution.!The!
poor!image!has!been!uploaded,!
downloaded,!shared,!reformatted,!and!
reedited.!It!transforms!quality!into!
accessibility,!exhibition!value!into!cult!
value,!films!into!clips,!contemplation!
into!distraction.!The!image!is!liberated!
from!the!vaults!of!cinemas!and!archives!
and!thrust!into!digital!uncertainty,!at!the!
expense!of!its!own!substance.!The!poor!
image!tends!towards!abstraction:!it!is!a!
visual!idea!in!its!very!becoming.
The!poor!image!is!an!illicit!fiftha
generation!bastard!of!an!original!image.!
Its!genealogy!is!dubious.!Its!filenames!
are!deliberately!misspelled.!It!often!
defies!patrimony,!national!culture,!or!
indeed!copyright.!It!is!passed!on!as!a!
lure,!a!decoy,!an!index,!or!as!a!reminder!
of!its!former!visual!self.!It!mocks!the!
promises!of!digital!technology.!Not!only!
is!it!often!degraded!to!the!point!of!being!
just!a!hurried!blur,!one!even!doubts!
whether!it!could!be!called!an!image!at!
all.!Only!digital!technology!could!
produce!such!a!dilapidated!image!in!the!
first!place.
!
!
!
!
Hito!Steyerl,!In.Defense.of.the.Poor.Image,!2011!
!
!
PONTOS,%UNIR%OS%Acredito!que!a!
imagem!não!encenada!possui!um!poder!
narrativo!mais!completo!e!poético!do!
que!a!imagem!encenada.!
Necessitamos!de!imagens!novas,!porque!
as!que!temos!estão!gastas!e!amestradas.!
Interessamame!as!imagens!muito!vistas!
–!sejam!avestruzes!a!fugir!dum!incêndio!
na!planície!alentejana!ou!um!ilhéua
rochedo!no!meio!do!Atlântico!cheio!de!
!
!
!
!
animais!selvagens!–!ainda!que!não!saiba!
exactamente!o!que!significam.!Acredito!
que!estas!imagens!são!como!pontos!na!
paisagem,!e!que,!como!naqueles!jogos!de!
crianças,!eu!serei!capaz!de!unir!esses!
pontos!numa!certa!ordem!e!assim!obter!
uma!outra!imagem,!mais!clara,!uma!
imagem!de!nós!mesmos.
!
!
André!Principe,!2013!
!
!
PONTS%La!“!médiation!”!est!
symboliquement!représentée!par!
l’image!d’un!pont!ou,!plus!précisément,!
par!l’image!du!petit!pont!de!pierre!en!
dos!d’âne!du!village,!qu’empruntent!
aussi!bien!des!véhicules!réels!que!des!
véhicules!en!modèle!réduit,!non!sans!
rencontrer!quelques!difficultés.!Comme!
“!concept!”,!cette!image!renvoie!aux!
relations!entre!les!différents!stades!
culturels!(le!Tiers!Monde!et!le!Premier!
Monde)!;!entre!les!différents!“!niveaux!”!
de!vie!sociale!qui!vont!avec!
l’hétérogénéité!des!épisodes!de!The.
Perfumed.Nightmare,.passant!sans!
avertissement!de!la!technologie!au!
travail,!de!l’art!à!la!politique,!de!
l’anthropologie!à!l’embourgeoisement,!
sans!se!préoccuper!de!niveler!la!voie!ni!
de!ménager!des!“!transition!”!(des!
ponts)!moins!heurtée!;!elle!renvoie!enfin!
aux!relations!entre!le!passé!et!le!futur,!
entre!l’enfermement!et!la!liberté.!Dans!
une!œuvre!représentationnelle,!ces!
transitions!délicates!auraient!
nécessairement!été!dissimulées!sous!la!
vraisemblance!de!l’intrigue!et!grâce!à!la!
naturalisation!hypnotique!du!travail!de!
la!caméra.!Dans!le!cinéma!d’Eisenstein,!
ces!entrecroisements,!rebaptisés!
montage!auraient!été!convertis,!par!
violence!et!par!décret,!en!formules!et!en!
slogans!puissants,!en!relations!concrètes!
magiquement!transformées!en!modèles!
“!dialectiques!”.!Chez!Godard,!qui!offrira!
ici!et!ailleurs!les!coordonnées!du!
Premier!Monde!les!plus!éclairantes!pour!
penser!le!cinéma!de!Kidlat,!la!médiation!
aurait!été!projetée!à!l'écran’!comme!un!
problème!ouvert!–!image!et!texte!dosaàa
dos!et!incommensurables,!le!problème!
étant!sans!résolution!mais!
irrépressiblement!posé,!prétexte!à!de!
continuels!retours!aux!antinomies!qui,!
95
!
suffisamment!répétées,!se!seraient!
transformées!en!“!thèmes!”!d’un!type!
littéraire!suranné.
!
Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011!
!
!
PORTRAIT!A!woman!stands!by!a!
window!looking!out,!her!hand!resting!on!
the!sill.!She!wears!a!headscarf.!The!way!
she!is!lit!and!her!immobility!make!the!
image!look!like!a!Renaissance!painting.!
!
!
an!organism,!a!complex!body!tortured!
by!injustice,!exploitation,!greed.!
Medicine!and!drugs:!treatment,!and!also!
drugs!as!a!refuge!in!crisis!stricken!
Portugal.!Illness!as!a!history!of!the!poor.!
Debt!as!sin.!Tests!as!injustice!when!the!
Spanish!government!cuts!the!public!
health!funds.!The!directoratraveler!is!a!
witness,!sometimes!lost!and!confused,!
who!slowly!walks!towards!a!new!
conscience.!Not!a!happy!ending!nor!a!
redemption:!a!way!of!dealing!with!“sad!
times.”!Images!that!may!look!“simple”!(a!
wasp,!a!tree,!a!face)!become!complex!
sentences!that!match!the!sentences!of!
the!narration's!text.!Humor!and!refined!
wit!are!playful!tools!to!tell!a!few!
personal!conclusions,!like!in:!“Favorite!
pastime!for!virologists:!are!viruses!
alive?!Without!an!agreement!on!the!
definition!of!living.!Favorite!pastime!for!
some!biologists:!writing!banalities!about!
God,!homages!to!Anglican!atheism.”!A!
fragile!insect!trembles.!In!the!
background!of!the!shot,!the!blurred!
silhouette!of!a!building.!A!bankrupt!
bank?
Pinto’s!cinema!is!about!the!fruitful!
possibilities!of!images,!far!from!cheap!
symbolism,!in!the!simplicity!that!was!
called!“evidence.”!His!belief!is!in!
cinema’s!capacity!to!express!the!
incomprehensible!and!to!conquer!
knowledge!and!conscience!thanks!to!its!
most!basic!elements:!frame,!vibration!of!
light,!time,!cut.!And!to!its!capacity!to!
make!the!past!present,!to!have!friendly!
ghosts!walk!and!smile!again,!to!engrave!
fleeting!moments!in!collective!memory.
Pinto’s!filmic!journey!ends!with!
Francisco!de!Holanda’s!images.!A!figure!
of!Eros!and!a!sentence.!Does!the!
sentence!contains!the!words!“Nuno”!and!
“love”?!It!is!a!sentence!of!Virgil,!and!it!
goes:!Nunc.scio.quid.sit.amor.!“Now!I!
know!what!love!is.”!Could!it!be!the!
same?
%
!
!
%
POSSIBILITIES%The!traveler’s!voice!
and!the!traveler’s!image:!a!distance!and!
a!proximity.!Long!shots!of!vibrant!
nature!or!long!shots!of!the!traveler’s!
face!while!he’s!talking!to!us!through!the!
camera!lens:!the!directoratraveler!has!a!
witness,!and!this!witness!is!treated!as!a!
friend!–!each!of!us!viewers!is!a!
companion.!Someone!who!can!enjoy!the!
delicate!movements!of!an!insect!and!
share!the!sleepless!night!of!pain!and!
confusion.!Sequences!of!work!in!the!field!
or!of!fighting!the!fire!in!the!countryside!
where!Pinto!and!Nuno!live,!moments!to!
share!a!conversation!with!a!neighbor!or!
to!talk!about!money:!traces!that!become!
an!everlasting!“present!time,”!starting!
points!of!longer!roads.!To!produce!one’s!
own!food!(as!much!as!possible),!to!live!
among!others!living!one’s!love,!to!listen!
to!the!dark!vibrations!of!one’s!body!all!
carry!a!political!dimension:!the!world!is!
around,!in!the!TV!programs!or!on!the!
Internet,!in!the!daily!papers!of!Spain!and!
Portugal.!Fighting!is!global:!mankind!is!
96
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! !
!
!
!
!
MarieaPierre!Duhamel,!“Joaquim!Pinto's!What.
Now?.Remind.Me”,!www.!mubi.com,!2013!
!
!
POSTMODERNITE!En!affaiblissant!les!
formes!anciennes!de!l’autonomie!
esthétiques,!en!renversant!les!frontières!
qui!séparaient!la!grande!culture!de!la!
culture!de!masse!ainsi!que!la!distinction!
entre!la!langue!littéraire!et!les!autres!
formes!de!discours,!en!noyant!enfin!la!
fiction!dans!une!immense!bain!de!
représentations!et!d’imagesaspectacle!
désormais!tout!aussi!réelles!que!
n’importe!quel!référent,!la!situation!
postamoderne!a,!peutaêtre!
involontairement,!libéré!de!nouvelles!
possibilités.
pesante!farsi!carico!di!una!soma!che!è!
pesante!a!sua!volta!e!che!ha!un!processo!
incomprensibile!e!un!esito!che!lo!è!
altrettanto,!è!duro!farsi!carico!di!un!
fardello!incomprensibile!e!tremendo.!Se!
comprendi!perché!lo!fai,!va!tutto!bene!
anche!se!non!ne!condividi!le!ragioni.!
Mentre!quando!sei!giovane!e!non!ne!sei!
del!tutto!consapevole,!è!ovviamente!tutt'!
altro!che!facile.
Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011!
Aleksander!Sokurov,!“Sokurov!di!fronte!a!noi!
(lontano!da!noi)”,!Aleksandr.Sokurov:.eclissi.di.
cinema,!2003!
!
!
!
!
POVINNOST%coscrizione/!costrizione!–!
confession/!obedience:!La!vita!di!un!
uomo,!il!suo!adattarsi!alla!vita!in!
circostanze!in!cui!non!è!totalmente!
libero,!in!cui!c'è!qualcosa!di!più!forte!che!
lo!schiaccia!e!che!determina!la!sua!vita,!
come!vive!la!gente!in!circostanze!
analoghe,!ha!a!mio!avviso!un!interesse!
enorme!per!l'arte,!per!la!letteratura,!per!
la!storia.!L'uomoamilitare,!il!suo!trovarsi!
in!quel!che!si!è!soliti!chiamare!esercito,!è!
di!enorme!interesse!per!la!creazione!di!
un!tessuto!artistico;!e!l'importante!non!è!
che!un!uomo!indossi!o!meno!l'uniforme!
(che,!comunque,!ha!la!sua!importanza),!
ma!che!noi!possiamo!osservare!una!vita!
integra,!coerente!e!purissima!nelle!sue!
manifestazioni,!senza!divagazioni!di!
sorta.!
E!il!film,!che!ha!il!titolo!secondo!me!
precisissimo!(in!russo,!per!lo!meno,!lo!è)!
di!Coscrizione/Costrizione,!è!proprio!il!
riflesso!di!questo!profondo!interesse.!
Quando!parliamo!di!persone!limitate!
nella!loro!libertà!dal!fatto!di!prestare!
servizio!nell'esercito,!parliamo!di!
persone!che!sono!ancora!in!fieri,!di!
giovani!che!nella!loro!vita!futura!
possono!diventare!qualunque!cosa.!La!
parola!russa!povinnost'!indica!proprio!
ciò!di!cui!l'uomo!deve!farsi!carico,!il!
fardello!che!la!persona!è!costretta!a!
portare.!È!di!questo!che!si!parla.!non!di!
una!sottomissione!religiosa!Anche!se!è!
vero!che!un!tempo!era!a!Cristo!che!si!era!
sottomessi,!non!c'è!dubbio.!
Nel!film,!però,!si!ha!a!fare!con!il!fardello!
de!cui!fa!carico!una!persona!che!non!ha!
la!possibilità!di!prendere!piena!
coscienza!del!senso!e!dell'inevitabilità!di!
questa!metafora!della!vita,!di!questo!
momento!vitale.!Per!un!uomo!è!molto!
%
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
PRIMITIVE!As!a!general!rule!one!
should!be!skeptical!when!a!film!maker!is!
described!as!a!primitive.!Because!it's!
virtually!impossible!to!be!primitive!in!a!
discipline!of!such!technical!
sophistication,!genuinelyprimitive!fil!m!
makers!are!more!rare!than!genuinely!
primitive!nuclear!physicists.!The!quite!
extraordinary!exception!to!this!rule!is!a!
38ayearaold!Philippine!film!maker!
named!Kidlat!Tahimik,!whose!first!
feature,!''The!Perfumed!Nightmare,''!
opens!today!in!the!Agee!Room!at!the!
Bleecker!Street!Cinema.!Here!is!a!sweet,!
funny,!witty,!intelligent!little!movie,!
which!is!also!primitive!to!the!extent!that!
its!style!is!direct,!sometimes!awkward!
but!always!unselfconscious.!It!tends!to!
defy!analysis!by!being!so!successfully!–!
and!so!exactly!–!what!it!appears!to!be,!
that!is,!a!meditation!by!a!young!man!on!
his!life!and!the!world!he!aspires!to!join.!
[…]!In!''The!Perfumed!Nightmare,''!
Kidlat!Tahimik!is!his!own!leading!man,!a!
small,!slightly!built!fellow!with!a!wispy!
mustache!and!an!enchantingly!
unflappable!manner.!Kidlat!is!not!faux!
naif.!He's!a!student!of!life!who!is!
beginning!in!kindergarten!and!
advancing!fast.!
!
!
Vincent!Canby,!“From!Philippines,!Perfumed.
Nightmare”,!New.York.Times,!1980!
!
!
PRÍNCIPE,%ANDRÉ!Porto,!1976.!
Estudou!Psicologia!e!Cinema,!área!de!
montagem!na!ESTC.!Exposições!
Individuais!no!Centro!Português!de!
Fotografia,!Encontros!de!Imagem!de!
Braga,!Galeria!Fernando!Santos!e!Silo!e!
colectivas!em!Londres,!Madrid,!
97
!
Barcelona,!Paris,!Rio!de!Janeiro,!Viena,!
etc.!Tem!cinco!livros!publicados:!Tunnels!
(2005),!Master.and.Everyone!(2009),!I.
thought.you.knew.where.all.of.the.
elephants.lie.down!(2010),!Perfume.do.
Boi!(2012)!e!Smell.of.Tiger.precedes.
Tiger!(2012).!É!fundador!e!editor!da!
Pierre!von!Kleist!editions.!Realizou!
curtasametragem!e!longasametragens,!
como!Before.the.Ghost.House!ou!Traces.
of.a.Diary,!coarealização!de!Marco!
Martins,!com!Nobuyoshi!Araki!e!Daido!
Moriyama,!e!que!teve!presença!em!
vários!festivais!Internacionais!como!
Indie!Lisboa,!New!Horizons!Wroclaw,!
Rio!de!Janeiro,!Gotemburgo,!Bedford,!
Silverdocs!Washington!e!Documenta!
Madrid,!onde!ganhou!o!prémio!
honorário!do!Júri.!O!seu!último!filme,!
Campo.de.Flamingos.sem.flamingos,!
estreou!no!Indie!Lisboa!2013.
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!
PROGRAMA%(CONCEPÇÃO%DO)%
Duas!ideias!do!primeiro!ciclo!Doc’s!
Kingdom!mantêmase!inalteráveis:!o!
programa!é!um!trabalho!colectivo!(em!
que!nos!continuamos!a!demarcar!do!
hábito!crescente!da!“curatorship”!
individual);!o!tema,!ou!o!denominador!
comum!encontrado,!é!sobretudo!uma!
base!para!pensar!em!possíveis!variações.!
Repetimos!que!não!convocámos!um!
encontro!para!discutir.um.tema.!O!tema!
é!ao!mesmo!tempo!uma!constatação!(o!
que!há!de!comum!entre!um!grande!
número!de!filmes!fortes!dos!últimos!
anos?!Que!forças!subterrâneas!nos!
parecem!unialos?!Que!antecedentes!
encontramos!para!eles,!ou!que!rimas!
nos!sugerem!eles,!numa!história!do!
cinema!por!fazer?)!e!uma!entre!várias!
possíveis!sugestões!no!arranque!dos!
debates.!Mas!o!Doc’s!Kingdom!é!um!
lugar!para!discutir!filmes!concretos!a!
partir!daquilo!que,!em!visionamentos!
concretos!e!no!seio!de!um!grupo!
concreto,!esse!grupo!quiser!discutir.!
Mais!do!que!partir!do!tema!é!assim!
fundamental!deixar!que!se!parta!dos!
filmes,!sabendo!escutáalos!e!
demonstrando!total!abertura!para!o!que!
eles!nos!estejam!a!dizer!como!obras!
únicas,!ao!mesmo!tempo!unas,!
contraditórias!e!irredutíveis!(e!portanto!
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!
irredutíveis!a!este!ou!qualquer!tema,!ou!
à!análise!dele).!
Em!coerência!com!isto,!a!grelha!do!
programa!é!pensada!tanto!para!ligar!
como!para!romper.!Por!um!lado,!foi!
construída!a!partir!de!uma!leitura!
possível!do!que!é!comum!a!algum!
cinema!contemporâneo!(este!ano:!a!
hipótese!da!ilha,!ou!a!ideia!de!ilha),!
identificando!um!espaço!de!
preocupações!comuns,!uma!linha!
possível!de!ecos!ou!ressonâncias!entre!
as!obras.!Por!outro,!no!sentido!inverso,!
visa!confrontar!registos!ou!dispositivos!
diferentes,!e!mesmo,!de!dia!para!dia,!
fazer!irromper!outros!universos,!não!
deixando!que!se!instale!um!modo!único!
ou!algo!que!se!assemelhe!a!uma!chave.!
Ao!fim!de!cada!dia!falaremos!do!que!
vimos!nesse!dia.!Em!regra,!no!começo!do!
dia!seguinte,!seremos!convidados!a!
entrar!num!outro!território.!O!encontro!
será!assim,!para!cada!um!dos!
participantes,!o!que!para!ele!for!ao!
mesmo!tempo!essa!variação!e!essa!
acumulação.!
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!
José!Manuel!Costa,!2013!
!
Ivan!Labayne,!“Getting!burned!in!“sunny!
development”,!
www.ivanlabayne.wordpress.com,!2012!
!
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PROGRESSO%Conheço!os!Homens!
melhor!do!que!tu.!Não!hão!de!tardar!
muito,!afiançoate,!a!dar!cabo!deste!vale!
fértil!e!a!transformáalo!num!inferno.!É!
isso!a!que!chamam!progresso.!Nunca!
ouviste!falar!de!progresso?!Pois!fica!a!
saber!que!quando!alguém!te!falar!de!
progresso,!é!porque!quer!escravizarate.!
Em!todo!o!caso,!por!enquanto,!tens!à!tua!
volta!uma!segurança!magnífica.!E!tu!
queres!largáala!!És!doido,!não!sabes!o!
que!te!espera.
!
%
Albert!Cossery!(fonte!desconhecida)!
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!
PROSPERO’S%ISLAND!or!Caliban’s!
Island,!probably!in!the!Mediterranean,!
between!Tunis!and!Naples!(although!a!
tale!told!by!shipwrecked!sailors!
pinpoints!the!Caribbean).!The!island!is!
inhabited!by!the!monster!Caliban!–!
something!between!a!sea!and!a!land!
animal!–!goblins!and!several!spirits,!
among!them!one!called!Ariel.!
The!god!of!the!island!is!Setebos,!said!to!
live!on!the!moon!which!he!created!
together!with!the!sun!and!the!sea.!
The!deposed!Duke!of!Milan,!Prospero,!
lived!here!with!his!daughter!Miranda,!
later!Queen!of!Naples,!in!the!early!years!
of!the!seventeenth!century.!His!cell,!near!
a!muddy!lake,!still!remains,!sheltered!
within!a!grove!from!the!sometimes!wild!
weather.!His!remarkable!library,!which!
consists!mainly!of!books!on!magic!and!
the!occult,!is!still!almost!intact!–!only!
one!volume!appears!to!be!missing.!The!
magic!staff!he!was!known!to!carry!is!
thought!to!be!buried!nearby.!
There!are!both!fertile!and!barren!spots!
on!the!island,!fresh!springs!and!brinea
pits,!and!a!vast!area!covered!with!briars,!
furzes!and!pricking!goss.!Pignuts!and!
filberts!can!be!found!as!well!as!many!
small!animals,!including!toads,!adders,!
tortoises,!moles,!jays,!scamels,!beetles!
and!gnats.!Oaks!and!pine!trees!(like!the!
one!in!which!Ariel!was!for!a!time!
imprisoned!by!the!witch!Sycorax,!
mother!of!Caliban)!grow!here.!The!
island!is!full!of!noises,!sounds!and!sweet!
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!
PROGRESS!We!should!ask:!what!has!
happened!to!the!idea!of!progress!Kidlat!
Tahimik!both!filmed!and!lived!with!and!
came!up!in!the!name!of!Perfumed!
Nightmare?!When!the!storm!blows!the!
cocoon,!the!butterfly!embraces!the!sun!
and!more!or!less!got!burned,!and!hence,!
must!opt!for!a!new!path!and!a!new!
destination.!A!path!and!destination!that!
are!both!selfaset,!as!the!film!would!tell!
towards!its!end.!The!bridges!were!either!
left!unfinished!or!destroyed!and!so!
Kidlat’s!and!the!film’s!exhortations:!
choosing!one’s!own!vehicle;!choosing!
one’s!own!bridge.!The!capitalistic!
monster!continues!to!haunt!and!more!
terrifyingly!so!as!it!commences!its!late!
stage!and!purports!to!construct!avenues!
for!human!development!in!the!name!of!
its!genuine!objective:!perpetual!growth!
of!capital!and!profit!for!the!weal!of!the!
few!at!the!expense!of!the!majority.!
Classical!sloganaish!message!adroitly!
transformed!by!the!film!into!a!clean!
narrative!profuse!with!wellaplaced,!
mostly!bricolaged!images.
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!
!
!
!
airs.!A!soft,!enchanting!music!can!be!
heard!sometimes!and!will!not!harm,!but!
other!sounds!–!such!as!a!curious!echo!or!
the!beating!of!a!tabor!–!should!be!
ignored.!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!William!
Shakespeare,!The.Tempest,!London,!1623;!
Robert!Browning,!“Caliban!upon!Setebos,”!in!
Dramatis.Personae,!London,!1864!
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!
PROXIMIDADE!Depois!pensou!na!Ilha!
e!a!definiu!como!inatingível!
proximidade.
!
!
Umberto!Eco,!A.Ilha.do.Dia.Anterior,!1994!
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!
PTEROPODE%Si!Cyrus!Smith!ne!se!
trompait!pas!dans!son!évaluation,!l’île!
avait,!à!peu!de!chose!près,!l’étendue!de!
Malte!ou!Zante,!dans!la!Méditerranée!;!
mais!elle!était,!à!la!fois,!beaucoup!plus!
irrégulière,!et!moins!riche!en!caps,!
promontoires,!pointes,!baies,!anses!ou!
criques.!Sa!forme,!véritablement!
étrange,!surprenait!le!regard,!et!quand!
Gédéon!Spilett,!sur!le!conseil!de!
l’ingénieur,!en!eut!dessiné!les!contours,!
on!trouva!qu’elle!ressemblait!à!quelque!
fantastique!animal,!une!sorte!de!
ptéropode!monstrueux,!qui!eût!été!
endormi!à!la!surface!du!Pacifique.!
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!
Jules!Verne,!L’île.mystérieuse,!1874!
!
!
PURSUE!I!come!from!an!island,!an!odd!
one,!with!strange!habits!and!a!history!of!
literary!explorers!of!darkly!optimistic!
utopias,!beginning!with!the!founder,!Sir!
Thomas!More,!and!moving!through!
Samuel!Butler!and!Richard!Jeffries,!to!
Anna!Kavan!and!JG!Ballard.!I!have!
fuelled!on!these!ideas!and!taken!trips,!
both!oneiric!and!actual,!to!discover!
present!and!future!possibilities!for!
island!utopias.!I!like!to!think!about!small!
communities!trying!to!find!their!way!
through!possible!utopias,!and!how,!if!
isolated,!these!possibilities!could!differ!
so!radically!from!one!another.!So!what!
does!utopia!mean?!Certainly!not!one!
answer.!The.Creation.As.We.Saw.It,!and!
concurrently!Let.Us.Persevere…,!were!
made!in!something!a!contemporary!
utopia,!where!people!having!chosen!
very!specifically!to!follow!a!particular!
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path!to!happiness,!through!a!rejection!of!
encroaching!capitalist,!individualist!
thinking.!These!films!follow!in!some!
ways!from!a!film!I!made!called!Slow.
Action!–!an!account!of!four!future!
islands!societies,!how!far!in!the!future!
we!don’t!know,!but!far.!These!are!
fictional!worlds!that!work!with!existing!
places!and!people!to!think!about!the!
position!of!a!utopia!in!relation!to!
something!else!also!calling!itself!utopia.!
Moving!in!the!opposite!direction!from!
Slow.Action!in!time,!The.Creation…!looks!
back!to!the!past,!the!recent!past!of!
ethnographic!filmmaking,!and!the!deep!
mythic!past!of!the!origins!of!things,!
humans,!volcanoes,!but!with!an!eye!
embedded!in!the!present.!In!these!films,!
stories,!rituals!and!accounts!are!passed!
around!between!humans!–!this!is!what!
stories!are!for,!not!to!hold!to!oneself!but!
to!share.!In!the!process!stories!can!
become!unreliable!in!terms!of!factual!
certainty,!which!to!me!is!good,!because!
to!pin!things!down!is!to!become!fixed.!
This!moves!onwards!into!A.Spell,!a!film!
that!proposes!that!utopia!can!be!found!
in!the!present!–!meaning!that!we!cannot!
expect!it!to!be!something!that!can!last,!
but!we!can!still!attempt!it,!move!through!
it.!Ultimately!this!applies!also!to!cinema,!
a!temporary!utopia!where!one!is!in!both!
a!shared!communal!experience,!while!
simultaneously!having!an!individual!
experience!–!and!in!the!best!cases,!an!
experience!that!can!be!transformative.!A.
Spell!could!simply!be!a!light!cast!in!a!
dark!room,!like!the!first!cinema,!which!
was!fire.!
!
!
Ben!Rivers,!2013!
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!
QUESTION%The!film![Study.of.an.
Island]is!about!the!difficulty!of!asking!
the!right!questions!when!we!are!talking!
to!one!another.!And!the!confusions!that!
produce!answers!to!questions!that!were!
not!asked.!It!is!about!how!we!can!
understand!what!we!see.!And!how!we!
can!see!what!we!do!not!understand.
!
!
Norbert!Jochum,!“Rites!and!wrongs!on!a!distant!
island”,!Die.Zeit,!1979!
!
!
Vladimir:!Where!are!your!boots?!
Estragon:!I!must!have!thrown!them!
away.!
Vladimir:!When?!
Estragon:!I!don't!know.!
Vladimir:!Why?!
Estragon:!(exasperated).!I!don't!know!
why!I!don't!know!!
Vladimir:!No,!I!mean!why!did!you!throw!
them!away?!
Estragon:!(exasperated).!Because!they!
were!hurting!me!!
Vladimir:!(triumphantly,.pointing.to.the.
boots).!There!they!are!!(Estragon.
looks.at.the.boots.)!At!the!very!spot!
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QUOTE%
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where!you!left!them!yesterday!!
(Estragon.goes.towards.the.boots,.
inspects.them.closely.)
Estragon:!They're!not!mine.!
Vladimir:!(stupefied).!Not!yours!!
Estragon:!Mine!were!black.!These!are!
brown.!
Vladimir:!You're!sure!yours!were!black?!
Estragon:!Well!they!were!a!kind!of!gray.!
Vladimir:!And!these!are!brown.!Show!
me.!
Estragon:!(picking.up.a.boot).!Well!
they're!a!kind!of!green.![…]
Vladimir:!It's!elementary.!Someone!
came!and!took!yours!and!left!you!his.!
Estragon:!Why?!
Vladimir:!His!were!too!tight!for!him,!so!
he!took!yours.!
Estragon:!But!mine!were!too!tight.!
Vladimir:!For!you.!Not!for!him.![…]!This!
is!becoming!really!insignificant.!
Estragon:!Not!enough.!(Silence.)!
Vladimir:!What!about!trying!them.!
Estragon:!i've!tried!everything.!
Vladimir:!No,!I!mean!the!boots.!
Estragon:!Would!that!be!a!good!thing?!
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Vladimir:!It'd!pass!the!time.!(Estragon.
hesitates.)!I!assure!you,!it'd!be!an!
occupation.!
Estragon:!A!relaxation.!
Vladimir:!A!recreation.!
Estragon:!A!relaxation.!
Vladimir:!Try.!
Estragon:!You'll!help!me?!
Vladimir:!I!will!of!course.!
Estragon:!We!don't!manage!too!badly,!
eh!Didi,!between!the!two!of!us?!
!
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!
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!
!
Vladimir:!Yes!yes.!Come!on,!we'll!try!the!
left!first.!
Estragon:!We!always!find!something,!eh!
Didi,!to!give!us!the!impression!we!
exist?!
Vladimir:!(impatiently).!Yes!yes,!we're!
magicians.!But!let!us!persevere!in!
what!we!have!resolved,!before!we!
forget.!(He.picks.up.a.boot.)!Come!on,!
give!me!your!foot.!
!
!
!
!
Samuel!Beckett,!Waiting.for.Godot,!1953!
!
!
!
RACONTER%Quelque!chose!est!à!
raconter!mais!l’image!qui!suffit!à!
l’évoquer!peut!être!extrêmement!brève.!
Inversement,!un!lieu,!un!instant!de!vie!
sont!à!filmer!–!tout!est!à!voir!–!il!n’y!a!
rien!besoin!de!dire.!Le!film!progresse!
donc!sur!ses!deux!jambes!dans!un!
chasséacroisé!perpétuel.!La!voix!donne!
du!sens!à!des!images!aperçues!
auparavant!;!l’on!reconnaît!soudain!ce!
dont!on!a!entendu!parler!plus!tôt.!A!
plusieurs!reprises,!quelques!moments!
privilégiés!du!cinévoyage!nous!offrent!
d’être!au!même!endroit,!son!et!image.!
Instants!privilégiés!à!juste!titre!car!si!les!
deux!éléments!viennent!à!se!
synchroniser,!c’est!que!j’ai!plus!filmé!et!
parlé!plus!longtemps,!c’est!qu’il!se!
passait!quelque!chose!de!particulier.!
“!Bratsk,!Bratsk!”,!ou!le!trajet!en!
camionnette!OuAZ,!soudain!il!y!a!
friction,!presque!fiction.!Ce!sont!comme!
les!rares!moments!où!voyageant,!on!
réussit!à!être!soiamême!et!à!annuler!la!
distance!qui!nous!sépare!de!l’étranger.!
Plane!cet!éphémère!sentiment!de!
plénitude!qu’on!peut!avoir!quand,!
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!
!!
regardant!par!la!fenêtre!du!
compartiment!lorsque!le!train!est!
engagé!dans!une!courbe,!on!peut!
apercevoir!les!wagons!de!tête!et!de!
queue.!La!satisfaction!d’un!repère!en!
commun!avec!d’autres!voyageurs.
!
!
Nicolas!Rey,!La!véritable!histoire!du!voyageur!
solitaire!et!les!raisons!qui!l’ont!poussé!à!
entretendre!son!voyage!(en!guise!de!note!
d’intention),!2001!
!
!
REALITY!Characters!trapped!in!the!
camera’s!gaze!writhe!selfaconsciously!or!
appear!utterly!indifferent,!their!
discomfiture!or!amusement!registered!
bodily.!In!this!sense,!Manakamana!
partakes!of!the!real!while!never!ceasing!
to!be!a!performance;!indeed,!many!of!
the!subjects!were!cast!(some!from!
Spray’s!adoptive!Nepalese!family,!others!
from!her!2009!documentary!As.Long.As.
There’s.Breath),!which!complicates!that!
principle!of!random!selection!by!which!
documentary!practice!attempts!to!
confer!a!degree!of!truth!to!what!is!being!
filmed.!The!presence!of!the!camera—
and!of!sound!recordist!Spray!and!
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camera!operator!Velez!who,!unseen!by!
the!camera,!sit!in!the!cable!cars!opposite!
their!subjects—intervenes!upon!its!
subjects,!and!this!very!intervention!
constitutes!the!film’s!plane!of!reality.!
The!influence!of!the!camera!cannot!be!
reduced!or!diminished:!it!too!belongs!to!
the!same!technological!realm!as!the!
cable!car,!both!representing!
encroachments!upon!a!landscape!and!
lifestyle!hitherto!more!attuned!to!the!
natural.
!
!
Jay!Kuehner,!Cinema.Scope!56,!2013!
!
!
caos!de!sentido!a!que!chamamos!
progresso.
Há!no!modo!como!este!cosmos!se!liga!e!
como!as!pessoas!se!ligam!com!ele!uma!
paz.!É!nesta!paz!que!procuro!pousar!o!
olhar.!Um!olhar!em!tudo!económico,!
livre!de!ansiedade,!onde!a!matéria!
revela!tempo,!onde!o!tempo!aclara!o!
olhar!e!onde!olhar!se!torna!visão.
Da!solidão!nascem!pensamentos,!ou!
antes,!estar!sozinho!fazanos!falar!para!
nós.!Este!filme!é!o!resultado!de!uma!
vivência!nestes!locais,!logo!das!minhas!
conversas!com!eles.!
Será!então!o!esquecimento!não!uma!
forma!de!maltratar!mas!antes!de!
preservar?!
!
!
!
REDLIGIO.Vista!do!céu,!à!noite,!a!terra!
surge!pontilhada!pela!luz!artificial.!
Vemos!claramente!os!pontos!onde!o!
Homem!assentou.!Reticulados!
luminosos!que!correspondem!a!centros!
de!trabalho,!de!poder,!de!civilização.!
Por!contraponto!temos!entre!eles!o!
negro.!
Neste!silêncio!vivem!as!raízes!dos!povos.!
Raízes!ainda!vivas!mas!em!degeneração!
vertiginosa.!
Engolidas!pelo!mundo!tecnologicamente!
avançado.!
Submergindo!num!desses!pontos!negros!
tento!reencontrar!uma!forma!antiga!de!
relação!com!o!meio,!com!as!pessoas,!
com!os!animais,!com!nós!mesmos.!Vou!
de!encontro!a!uma!forma!de!viver!ditada!
pela!Terra!e!não!pelo!Homem!e!onde,!
paradoxalmente,!o!Homem!acaba!por!
viver!num!ritmo!mais!propício!ao!seu!
enriquecimento.!
São!sítios!abandonados!pela!nossa!
sociedade!e!que!por!isso!ganharam!uma!
vida!escondida.!Longe!do!artifício,!do!
excesso!de!luz,!de!som,!de!pessoas.!De!
ruído.!
Aqui,!o!excesso!impõease!pelo!silêncio,!
pelo!som!do!vento,!pelas!arvores,!pelo!
sol,!pelas rochas,!pelos!insectos.!Pelo!
sagrado.
Proponho!os!momentos!de!silêncio!e!de!
imobilidade!não!como!satélites!de!um!
tema!ou!acessórios!de!uma!intriga,!mas!
como!sendo!eles!próprios!o!motor!desta!
conversa.!
Com!este!filme!procuro!revelar!nos!
mundos!escondidos!desta!serra,!a!beleza!
singular!do!autêntico,!a!magia!das!coisas!
simples,!o!movimento!paralelo!a!este!
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!!
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!
João!Vladimiro,!Nota!de!intenções!de!Lacrau,!
2010!
!
!
RECIT!Cette!voix,!on!vient!de!le!dire,!
n'est!pas!celle!du!personnage!principal!–!
le!commandant!–!mais!celle!de!l'auteur!
qui!raconte!l'histoire!comme!une!
histoire!passé.
Les!images!que!nous!voyons!
appartiennent!à!ce!même!temps,!à!celui!
de!cette!histoire!qui!s'est!déroulé!hier!et!
qui!nous!est!contée!aujourd'hui.
Le!texte!qui!construit!le!récit!mené!en!
voix!off!ne!saurait!être!qualifié!de!
commentaire:!il!n'a!pas!pour!fonction!
d'informer!sur!ce!qui!est!montré!ou!
même!de!lire!ce!qui!ne!saurait!être!
montré.!On!pourrait!le!qualifier!
d'élément!indispensable!mais!à!lui!seul!
insuffisant!pour!que!l'auteur!parvienne!
à!ses!fins:!ouvrir!à!chaque!spectateur!
l'âme!du!personnage!principal.!Ce!qu'il!
voit,!nous!le!voyons!aussi,!nous!
découvrons!dans!le!même!temps!ce!qui!
s'offre!à!sa!vue!et!les!pensées!qui!lui!
viennent.![…]Par!l'entremise!du!récit!de!
l'auteur!nous!parvient!–!comme!dans!un!
roman!–!la!voix!intérieure!du!
personnage.!Le!film!offre!cependant!ce!
que!le!roman!ne!saurait!nous!apporter:!
en!lieu!et!place!de!la!description!de!ce!
qui!est!regardé!par!le!comandant,!la!
possibilité!offerte!à!chaque!spectateur!
de!le!voir!de!ses!propres!yeux!(comme!
disait!Pasolini:!“!Le!cinéma!exprime!la!
réalité!avec!la!réalité.!”).!Pour!autant,!le!
spectateur!ne!se!trouve!pas!contraint!de!
partager!le!regard!du!commandant,!c'est!
plutôt!la!possibilité!de!voir,!en!même!
temps!que!lui!les!mêmes!choses,!qui!lui!
est!ménagée,!comme!si!le!spectateur!
était!convié!à!monter!à!bord,!et!à!
entamer!avec!cet!homme!une!longue!
conversation,!une!de!celles!qui!n'est!
possible!qu'entre!deux!hommes!
partageant!une!même!expérience.!Ne!
peut!vraiment!comprendre!ce!que!pense!
le!commandant!que!celui!qui,!lui!aussi,!a!
vécu!ces!choses,!les!a!vécu!dans!une!
position!similaire.
tuilage,!ce!décalage,!nous!invite!d’abord!
à!réfléchir!à!ce!que!la!représentation!
n’est!pas!la!parole!et!la!parole!n’est!pas!
la!représentation,!donc!c’est!deux!façons!
d’appréhender!la!réalité!autre,!la!parole!
comme!attention!à!la!réalité!et!l’image!
comme!attention!à!la!réalité,!en!fait!c’est!
deux!approches!différentes!de!la!réalité.!
Tu!est!d’accord!avec!ce!que!je!dis!là!?
Nicolas!Rey:!Oui,!bon,!je!pense!que!c’est!
aussi!une!manière!d’envisager!un!recul,!
c’estaàadire!que!Mekas!parle!sur!les!
images!mais!il!le!fait!avec!la!distance!du!
temps,!c’estaàadire!qu’il!écrit!et!dit!ses!
commentaires!dix!ans!après,!donc!il!a!le!
recul!historique.!Moi,!j’enregistre!en!
direct!un!journal!parlé!donc,!je!n’ai!pas!
un!recul!aussi!grand,!donc!je!dis!des!
bêtises,!ou!parfois!des!choses!bien!aussi,!
cela!fait!partie!du!direct.!Ce!recul,!si!l’on!
veut!le!donner!dans!le!film!pour!éviter!
être!dans!un!truc!stupide,!passe!par!ce!
décalage!qui!fait!qu’on!a,!d’une!certaine!
manière,!une!distance.!On!a!une!distance!
entre!le!son!et!l’image,!et!c’est!ça!qui!met!
aussi!à!distance!ce!qui!est!dit!et!ce!qui!
est!montré.
A.A.S.!:!Quand!tu!dis!“!dire!des!bêtises!”,!
quelquefois!tu!te!reprends,!mais!je!
pense!que!les!choses!que!l’on!dit!comme!
des!bêtises,!on!peut!dire!n’importe!quoi!
en!fait!si!on!s’interroge!d’une!façon!
psychanalytique,!ça!fait!sens.
N.R.!:!Ça!dépend!ce!qu’on!appelle!dire!
n’importe!quoi.!Quand!on!voyage!on!a!
des!a!priori,!c’est!difficile!d’être!dans!le!
présent,!on!pense!à!là!où!on!va!aller,!on!
a!là!derrière!soi!d’où!l’on!vient,!et!c’est!
difficile!d’appréhender!le!réel,!tout!est!
neuf!comme!à!travers!la!vitre!du!train,!
comprendre!ce!qui!se!passe,!ce!n’est!pas!
très!facile,!donc!parfois!on!se!base!sur!
des!schémas!que!l’on!connaît!et!on!a!
tort,!on!se!trompe.!
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!
!
G.C.!,!“!Confession!”,!Images.Documentaires,!2001!
!
!
RECLUSION%A!landscape!in!wide!shot,!
with!luxurious!vegetation!in!autumn!
tones.!If!we!look!closely,!we!will!
discover!a!wooden!cabin!to!the!bottom!
right,!partly!hidden.!With!its!red!front!
and!green!roof,!it!blends!in!with!the!
trees.
!
!
!
!
!
!
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!
!
!
RECUL%AlainaAlcide!Sudre!:!Ce!qui!m’a!
intéressé!dans!ton!film!c’est!que!le!
décalage!temporel!entre!la!parole,!ce!
que!dit!la!parole!dans!le!récit!du!voyage!
et!ce!qui!montre!l’image,!tu!crées!un!
temps!de!réflexion,!un!espace!de!
réflexion,!qu’on!n’a!pas!du!tout!chez!
Mekas!où!la!parole!adhère!à!l’image!en!
une!espèce!d’introspection.!Chez!toi,!il!y!
a!une!dimension!d’introspection,!parce!
que!tu!parles!de!ce!que!tu!vis,!c’est!un!
journal,!mais!le!fait!que!tu!introduis!ce!
!
!
!
!
!
Nicolas!Rey!interviewé!par!AlainaAlcide!Sudre,!
Images!/!Discours!aux!Editions!des!Archives!du!
Film!Expérimental!d’Avignon,!2006!
!
!
RÉEL!Le!réel!brut!ne!donnera!pas!à!lui!
seul!du!vrai.
!
!
Robert!Bresson,!Notes.sur.cinématographe,!1975!
!
!
!
!
!
105
!
REINVENÇÃO!Naquele!tempo,!fora!dos!
eixos,!ele!não!devia!encontrar,!mas!
reinventar!a!condição!do!primeiro!
homem.!Não!a!moradia!de!uma!fonte!da!
eterna!juventude,!mas!fonte!em!si!
mesma,!a!Ilha!podia!ser!o!lugar!onde!
toda!criatura!humana,!esquecendo!o!
próprio!saber!desmedrado,!encontraria,!
como!um!menino!abandonado!na!
floresta,!uma!nova!linguagem!capaz!de!
nascer!de!um!novo!contato!com!as!
coisas.!E!com!isso!nasceria!uma!única,!
verdadeira!e!nova!ciência:!da!
experiência!direta!com!a!natureza,!sem!
que!nenhuma!filosofia!a!adulterasse!
(como!se!a!ilha!não!fosse!pai,!que!
transmite!ao!filho!as!palavras!da!lei,!mas!
sim!mãe,!que!o!ensina!a!balbuciar!os!
primeiros!nomes).
!
!
Umberto!Eco,!A.Ilha.do.Dia.Anterior,!1994!
!
!
RENUNCIA%Decía!un!profesor!que!el!
cine,!especialmente!el!cine!documental!
durante!su!etapa!de!montaje,!no!es!otra!
cosa!que!el!arte!de!la!renuncia.!El!arte!de!
saber!dejar!a!un!lado!planos,!secuencias,!
a!veces!incluso!importantes!personajes!
que!al!verlos!por!primera!vez!creímos!
sin!dudar!formarían!parte!del!montaje!
final,!de!nuestra.historia.!Este!trabajo!es!
probablemente!el!más!importante!en!el!
cine!que!trabaja!en!diálogo!abierto!con!
la!realidad!y!donde!es!común!tener!una!
gran!cantidad!de!imágenes!en!la!que!se!
esconden!varias!–!y!por!lo!general!
incompatibles!–!películas!posibles.!El!
montaje!es!el!proceso!de!
reconocimiento!de!lo!que!la!película!no!
es:!aquellas!imágenes!y!secuencias!que,!
aunque!a!veces!brillan!como!ninguna!
otra,!impiden!a!la!película!avanzar,!
seguir!creciendo,!figurarse!a!sí!misma.!
Un!film!terminado.(es!un!decir,!por!
aquello!de!que!“las!películas!no!se!
terminan,!se!abandonan”)!es!en!cierto!
modo!un!capítulo!de!sucesivas!
renuncias!y!abandonos,!asesinatos!
consentidos:!una!pequeña!figura!entre!
cúmulos!de!ruinas.!El!progreso!del!cine,!
la!tempestad!que!lo!empuja,!se!alimenta!
también!con!todas!estas!faltas,!los!
forzados!desenamoramientos!de!
imágenes!que!amábamos.!¿Cómo!
106
!
!
!!
construir!si!no!un!imaginario!posible?!
¿Cómo!descansar!nuestra!retina!y!poder!
regresar!a!ciertas!obsesiones?!
Abandonar!es!otra!forma!de!seguir!
amando.
REPUBLIC
montré,!sous!différents!angles,!des!
ouvriers!face!à!ce!monument!blanc,!
déplacant!l'immense!ange!bleuâtre.!Si!
bien!que!lorsque!nous!voyons!arriver!
l'ange!dans!le!coin!de!la!façade,!et!que!la!
voix!off!évoque!la!finition!de!l'église!
moscovite,!cette!voix!rattrape!les!
images,!désignant!ainsi!la!nouvelle!
apparence!de!ce!pays!comme!trace!d'un!
mouvement!permanent!entre!
anticipation!et!souvenir.!
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!
Eloy!Enciso,!revistanot.com,!2012!
!
!
REPETITION!I!ask!the!viewer!to!look!
anew!at!Nick!Ut’s!image!of!children!
fleeing!a!napalm!attack.!The!image!is!
repeated;!it!is!held!for!varying!amounts!
of!time;!details!not!central!to!the!image’s!
composition!are!shown!in!closeaup.!In!
that!image,!we!focus!on!Kim!Phuc,!the!
little!girl!in!the!center!of!the!frame!and!
forget!that!there!are!many!other!figures!
in!the!image.![…]!I!often!repeat!a!still!
image!over!the!course!of!a!film!and,!at!
the!most!basic!level,!this!rea
contextualizes!it!simply!by!what!shots!
surround!it!and!what!has!happened!in!
the!film!between!its!appearances.![…]!In!
okay.bye;bye,!there!are!several!
recurrences!of!the!photographs!of!
prisoners!from!Tuol!Sleng,!the!political!
prison!run!by!the!Khmer!Rouge.!The!
narrator!encounters!them!as!thumbnail!
images!on!the!web,!in!a!fine!art!museum!
and!in!a!coffee!table!book.!The!image!
quality!and!contexts!are!very!different!
each!time!and!produce!very!different!
affects!as!well!as!meaning.!There!is!an!
implicit!question!in!this:!given!that!each!
photograph!is!a!record!of!the!unique!
instant!a!person!passed!in!front!of!the!
lens,!when!that!image!is!experienced!
differently!in!different!contexts,!what!
does!it!say!about!the!reliability!of!the!
photograph!to!stand!in!for!the!real?
In!the!digital!realm,!there!need!not!be!a!
referent!in!the!world!at!all!to!create!an!
image.!Still,!when!we!take!in!images!on!a!
daily!basis!we!tend!to!trust!what!we!see.!
I!don’t!instantly!question!the!image!on!
the!front!page!of!the!paper!every!
morning.!My!questions!about!the!fidelity!
of!the!image!may!be!out!of!date!–!we!
know!how!easily!it!is!to!“falsify”!a!
photograph,!but!I’m!just!not!ready!to!
accept!that!it!doesn’t!matter.
!
!
!
Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes!
“The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema.
And.Photography,!2008!
!
!
!
!
Christa!Blümlinger,!“!L’electricité,!moins!les!
soviets!”,!Images.de.la.culture,!2003!
!
!
REY,%NICOLAS!ne!s'appelle!pas!ainsi!
!
!
!
Fragment!of!Plato’s!Republic,!3!a.D..
!
%
RETOUR%–%DETOUR%Par!leur!
figuration!même,!les!images,!on!l'a!dit,!
parlent!souvent!d'autre!chose!que!la!
voix.!Elles!induisent!une!sensibilité!
autre,!un!supplément!d'imaginaire.!Le!
passage,!par!exemple,!où!le!voyageura
narrateur!évoque!Moscou,!où!il!n'a!pas!
l'intention!de!rester,!crée!cette!
ouverture!du!sens.!Quand!Rey!imagine!
dans!son!audioajournal!qu'au!“kilomètre!
zéro”!de!Moscou,!on!pourrait!trouver!
non!plus!le!Kremlin,!mais!bien,!
reconstruite,!l'Eglise!du!ChristaSauveur,!
autrefois!détruite!par!Staline,!nous!
voyons!un!plan!suspendu!entre!
accélération!(à!l'enregistrement)!et!
ralentissement!(au!tirage):!un!ange!
immense!apparaît,!déplacé!par!une!grue,!
dans!le!coin!d'une!façade!blanche.!La!
dénomination!et!la!localisation!des!
choses!vues!éclaire!rétroactivement!une!
série!discontinue!d'images.!Car!ce!plan!
est!en!fait!le!dernier!d'une!série!de!
fragments,!éparpillés!autant!
qu'énigmatiques,!associés!par!le!récit!à!
une!ville!ukrainienne!où,!plus!qu'!à!
Moscou,!le!cinéaste!a!décidé!de!s'arrêter!
un!peu!–!afin!de!rencontrer!un!expert!
dans!le!developpement!de!la!vieille!
pellicule!Supera8!soviétique!qu'il!utilise.!
Initiée!par!un!montage!rapide!de!deux!
imagesamarques!du!processus!de!
reconstruction!(une!inscription!“Krupp”!
sur!le!montant!d'une!grue!et!un!panneau!
de!chantier!représentant!la!future!
église),!cette!série!de!fragments!a!
!
!
!
en!hommage!au!célèbre!cinéaste!
américain!(c'est!lui!qui!avait!un!pseudo),!
il!n'est!même!pas!le!fils!du!cinéaste!
expérimental!français!Georges!Rey!
(inoubliable!vache!qui!rumine),!et!n'a!
rien!à!voir!avec!les!autres!Nicolas!Rey!de!
la!place!de!Paris!(pour!lesquels!il!reçoit!
néanmoins!beaucoup!de!messages).!Il!
persiste!à!bricoler!des!films!depuis!
1993,!et!passe!l'essentiel!de!ses!journées!
à!L'Abominable,!un!laboratoire!
cinématographique!d'artistes!qu'il!a!
contribué!à!créer!à!Paris!en!1995.!
!
!
!
RIVERS,%BEN!studied!Fine!Art!at!
Falmouth!School!of!Art,!initially!in!
sculpture!before!moving!into!
photography!and!super8!film.!After!his!
degree!he!taught!himself!16mm!
filmmaking!and!handaprocessing.!His!
practice!as!a!filmmaker!treads!a!line!
between!documentary!and!fiction.!Often!
following!and!filming!people!who!have!
in!some!way!separated!themselves!from!
society,!the!raw!film!footage!provides!
Rivers!with!a!starting!point!for!creating!
oblique!narratives!imagining!alternative!
existences!in!marginal!worlds.!He!is!the!
recipient!of!numerous!prizes!including:!
FIPRESCI!International!Critics!Prize,!
68th!Venice!Film!Festival!for!his!first!
feature!film!Two.Years.At.Sea;!the!
inaugural!Robert!Gardner!Film!Award,!
2012;!the!Baloise!Art!Prize,!Art!Basel!42,!
2011;!twice!shortlisted!for!the!Jarman!
Award,!2010/2012;!Paul!Hamlyn!
Foundation!Award!for!Artists,!2010.!
Recent!exhibitions!include:.Slow.Action,!
Hepworth!Wakefield,!2012;!Sack.
107
!
Barrow,!Hayward!Gallery,!London,!2011;!
Slow.Action,!Matt’s!Gallery,!London!and!
Gallery!TPW,!Toronto,!2011;!A.World.
Rattled.of.Habit,!A!Foundation,!
Liverpool,!2009.!Festival!retrospectives!
include!Courtisane!Festival;!Pesaro!
International!Film!Festival;!London!Film!
Festival;!Tirana!Film!Festival;!Punto!de!
Vista,!Pamplona;!Indielisboa!and!Milan!
Film!Festival.!In!1996!he!coafounded!
Brighton!Cinematheque!which!he!then!
coaprogrammed!through!to!its!demise!in!
2006.!He!continues!to!programme!on!a!
peripatetic!basis.!
!
!
!
ROSSUM’S%ISLAND,!of!uncertain!
location,!perhaps!off!the!east!coast!of!the!
United!States.!In!1920!the!great!
physiologist!known!as!Old!Rossum!came!
here!to!study!the!ocean!fauna.!He!
attempted!to!create!living!protoplasm!
by!chemical!synthesis!and!in!1932!did,!
in!fact,!discover!a!substance!that!
behaves!like!protoplasm.!Old!Rossum!
then!set!up!a!factory!to!produce!artificial!
human!beings!which!he!called!“robots.”!
The!robots!were,!after!a!time,!able!to!
achieve!independence!of!a!kind,!and!
formed!the!First!National!Robot!
Organization!at!Le!Havre!as!one!of!their!
first!independent!acts.!
Rossum’s!Universal!Robots!factory!still!
stands.!Apart!from!the!factory,!there!are!
several!offices,!private!quarters!and!a!
music!room.!The!central!office!has!large!
windows!which!look!out!onto!rows!of!
factory!chimneys.!It!is!decorated!with!
splendid!Turkish!carpets,!a!sofa!and!
leather!armchairs.!
Three!ships!connect!Rossum’s!harbour!
with!the!mainland:!the!Amelia,!the!
Ultimus!and!the!Pennsylvania!(reported!
to!be!the!best).!
!
!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Karel!
Čapek,!R.U.R.,!New!York,!1923!
!
%
images!that!come!again!and!again.!A!tale!
of!bodies,!cells,!and!the!making!of!
mankind.
Almost!20!years!ago,!Joaquim!Pinto!has!
been!diagnosed!with!AIDS.!After!having!
gone!through!all!available!treatments,!
he!has!entered!an!experimental!
program!with!a!Spanish!specialist.
From!November!2011!on,!Joaquim!has!
been!making!a!film:!the!notebook!of!one!
year!of!tests!and!treatment,!of!limited!
activity.!But!also!a!year!of!going!through!
one’s!memories,!a!year!to!study!and!
think,!a!year!to!live!with!Nuno,!his!life!
partner!and!husband,!to!live!with!the!
neighbors!and!the!friends,!with!faithful!
and!loving!dogs.!And!with!piles!of!boxes!
eventually!opened!after!the!most!recent!
move!from!an!island!of!the!Azores!back!
to!the!continent.!Boxes!that!bring!back!
memories.!Photographs,!films,!books,!
scripts.!Paper!and!celluloid.
[…]!Joaquim’s!album!is!not!a!press!book.!
It’s!a!family!album.!Of!times!when!
cinema!was!being!questioned!and!
reinvented…!or!better!to!say!
“enchanted”—!enchanté.!Politically!
challenging!and!artistically!under!new!
spells.
And!threatened!and!stricken!by!a!
disease.!In!the!90s,!Monteiro!offers!a!
script!to!Pinto,!called!The.Disease.of.the.
Century.!Friends!die:!Daney,!Jarman,!
Copi…!many!others.
Pinto’s!film!is!not!an!anthology.!Nor!a!
lamento.!It!is!a!road.!A!meditation!in!film!
that!does!not!walk!the!straight!line!of!
time!but!goes!back!and!forth,!wanders!
and!gets!lost,!anticipates!the!future!and!
catches!up!with!what!has!been!missed.!
Images!and!sound!seem!to!meditate!
along!with!the!“storyteller,”!someone!at!
times!despairing,!at!times!amused,!at!
times!full!of!hopes.!The!one!who!lives,!
fights,!shoot!images,!edits!sequences,!
chooses!the!sounds!and!the!music.
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!
!
ROAD%“My!name!is!Joaquim,!and!my!
life!has!nothing!special.”%This!is!how!the!
film!begins,!and!the!film!is!what!makes!
(among!other!things)!Joaquim!Pinto!
special.%A!notebook,!a!diary.!A!tale!of!
pains!and!joys,!of!suffering!and!
struggling.!Of!books!and!films.!Of!many!
places!and!moves.!Of!memories!and!
108
!
!
!!
!
MarieaPierre!Duhamel,!“Joaquim!Pinto's!What.
Now?.Remind.Me”,!www.!mubi.com,!2013!
%
!
ROAD,%ON%THE%There!is!an!evident!
irony!both!in!the!title!of!Campo.de.
Flamingos.sem.Flamingos!–!the!literal!
translation!is!A.Flamingo.Field.without.
Flamingos!–!and!in!its!initial!shot!(of!a!
television!set!tuned!in!to!the!news!about!
the!current!recession).!But!that!is!
neither!a!mean!nor!bitter!irony,!and!it!
isn't!necessarily!representative!of!the!
film!directed!by!André!Príncipe.![…].!Mr.!
Príncipe's!film!is!the!most!accessible,!
though!it's!hardly!a!traditional!piece!of!
storytelling,!eschewing!voiceovers!and!
musical!illustration!to!let!its!quiet,!
unhurried!eye!and!leisurely!narrative!
blocks!of!footage![…]!be!organized!by!
the!viewer.!The!road!trip!during!which!a!
microacrew!of!three!(Mr.!Príncipe,!DP!
Takashi!Sugimoto!and!sound!engineer!
Manuel!Sá)!travelled!around!in!an!RV!
loosely!followed!the!millennial!
Portuguese!border!with!Spain,!and,!in!
fact,!is!a!search!of!the!borders!between!
nature!and!civilization,!looking!for!
something!you!can't!quite!place!your!
finger!on.!
In!essence,!it's!a!sense!of!identity!still!
surviving!in!the!porous!borders!
between!mankind!and!landscape,!an!
ancestral!memory!hidden!under!rocks!
(literally,!as!one!of!the!“characters”!is!an!
entomologist)!and!visible!only!to!those!
willing!to!wallow!through!mud!to!find!it!
(again!literally,!in!the!film's!final!shots)!
and!not!necessarily!being!sure!you!did!
find!it.!In!fact,!Campo.de.Flamingos.sem.
Flamingos!isn't!so!much!about!the!goal!
but!about!the!journey![…].!
%
!
Jorge!Mourinha,!“Campo!de!flamingos!sem!
flamingos”,!www.theflickeringwall.blogspot.pt,!
2013!
!
!
RURAL%Cuando!uno!hace!un!retrato!de!
una!sociedad!rural,!por!lo!menos!en!
Occidente,!hay!una!especie!de!voluntad!
inevitablemente!que!lo!convierte!en!un!
retrato!con!un!tono!de!elegía,!un!retrato!
póstumo!y!eso!ya!se!ha!convertido!
prácticamente!en!un!cliché.!Es!verdad!
que!en!un!principio,!y!durante!una!
buena!parte!del!proceso!la!propia!
película,!o!mi!visión!sobre!el!tema!era!
así.!Había!una!especie!de!mirada!un!
poco!de!compasión!hacia!un!mundo!y!
sobre!todo!hacia!la!generación!de!
nuestros!abuelos!como!una!generación!
que!heredó!una!forma!de!ver!el!mundo;!
la!relación!entre!la!realidad!y!esa!no!
realidad!como!leyenda,!como!mito,!como!
!
!
!
superstición!era!muy!diferente.!Ha!
habido!un!gran!cambio!con!respecto!a!
nosotros!y!sobre!todo!la!generación!de!
nuestros!padres,!que!fue!la!que!hizo!de!
bisagra,!porque!fue!la!que!emigró!a!la!
ciudad![…]!Pienso!que!antes!había!una!
relación!mucho!más!cercana,!o!de!
aceptación,!de!aquello!que!no!era!
conocido.!Ahora!estamos!en!un!mundo!
más!pragmático!y!materialista!y!en!ese!
sentido!hay!una!relación,!desde!de!mi!
punto!de!vista,!más!pobre.!Todo!aquello!
que!no!es!físicamente!demostrable!no!es!
considerado!como!posible…
!
!
Eloy!Enciso!entrevistado!por!Netele!Martinez,!
“Eloy!Enciso!y!José!Manuel!Sande:!Las!fronteras!
entendidas!como!fin!de!algo!no!son!más!
que!convenciones”,!2012!
!
%
RUSSELL,!BEN%(b.!1976,!USA)!is!an!
itinerant!media!artist!and!curator!whose!
films,!installations,!and!performances!
foster!a!deep!engagement!with!the!
history!and!semiotics!of!the!moving!
image.!Formal!investigations!of!the!
historical!and!conceptual!relationships!
between!early!cinema,!visual!
anthropology,!and!structuralist!
filmmaking!result!in!immersive!
experiences!concerned!at!once!with!
ritual,!communal!spectatorship!and!the!
pursuit!of!a!“psychedelic!ethnography.”!
He!has!had!solo!screenings!and!
exhibitions!at!the!Centre!Georges!
Pompidou,!the!Museum!of!
Contemporary!Art!Chicago,!the!
Rotterdam!Film!Festival,!the!Wexner!
Center!for!the!Arts,!the!Viennale!and!the!
Museum!of!Modern!Art!NY.!A!2008!
Guggenheim!Fellow!and!2010!FIPRESCI!
award!recipient!for!his!feature!film!Let.
Each.One.Go.Where.He.May,!Ben!began!
the!Magic!Lantern!screening!series!in!
Providence,!Rhode!Island,!was!coa
director!of!the!artistarun!space!BEN!
RUSSELL!in!Chicago,!IL,!toured!with!
film/video/performance!programs!
worldawide!and!performed!in!a!doublea
drum!trio!called!Beast.
!
!
!
RUSSO%In!quanto!autore!russo,!chi!
porta!l'uniforme,!chi!presta!un!qualche!
servizio,!ha!un!interesse!enorme!per!me.!
Un!autore!russo!non!può!non!rifletterci,!
109
!
in!quanto!la!storia!russa,!la!storia!della!
società!russa,!dei!cittadini!che!vivono!in!
Russia,!è!sempre!stata!legata!all'una!o!
all'altra!forma!di!sottomissione!allo!
stato!e!al!potere!e,!volente!o!nolente,!
dall'antichità!ai!giorni!nostri!ogni!
cittadino!della!Russia!si!è!trovato!a!
dipendere!dallo!stato,!da!forze!che!
prevaricano!l'uomo.!Le!tappe!di!questo!
percorso!sono!state!diverse,!e!in!queste!
diverse!tappe!i!nostri!rapporti!con!la!
forza!esterna,!con!la!forza!dello!stato,!
sono!stati!caratterizzati!da!un!maggiore!
accanimento!dello!stato!nei!nostri!
confronti!o!da!una!minore!attenzione!
verso!l'uomo!costretto!a!tale!
dipendenza.!
%
!
Aleksander!Sokurov,!“Sokurov!di!fronte!a!noi!
(lontano!da!noi)”,!Aleksandr.Sokurov:.eclissi.di.
cinema,!2003!
!
!
!
SABER!Em!viagem!pelo!México,!o!
senhor!Palomar!visita!as!ruínas!de!Tula,!
antiga!capital!dos!Toltecas.!É!
acompanhado!por!um!amigo!mexicano,!
conhecedor!apaixonado!e!eloquente!das!
civilizações!préacolombianas,!que!lhe!vai!
contando!as!belíssimas!lendas!de!
Quetzalcoatl.[…]
O!templo!da!Estrela!da!Manhã!é!uma!
pirâmide!em!degraus.!No!alto!elevamase!
quatro!cariátides!cilíndricas,!ditas!
“atlantes”,!que!representam!o!deus!
Quetzalcoatl!como!Estrela!da!Manhã!
(por!causa!de!uma!borboleta!que!trazem!
nas!costas,!símbolo!da!estrela)!e!quatro!
colunas!esculpidas,!que!representam!a!
Serpente!Emplumada,!ou!seja,!sempre!o!
mesmo!deus,!sob!a!forma!de!animal.
Tudo!isto!deve!ser!tido!por!verdadeiro!
sem!quaisquer!provas;!por!outro!lado,!
seria!difícil!demonstrar!o!contrário.!Na!
arqueologia!mexicana,!cada!estátua,!
cada!objecto,!cada!baixoarelevo,!
significam!alguma!coisa!que!significa!
alguma!coisa!que!por!sua!vez!significa!
alguma!coisa.!Um!animal!significa!um!
deus!que!significa!uma!estrela!que!
!
!
110
!
!
!!
significa!um!elemento!ou!uma!qualidade!
humana!e!assim!sucessivamente.!
Estamos!no!mundo!da!escrita!
pictográfica,!os!antigos!Mexicanos,!para!
escreverem,!desenhavam!figuras!e,!
mesmo!quando!desenhavam,!era!como!
se!escrevessem:!cada!figura!apresentaa
se!como!um!enigma!a!decifrar.![…]!Aqui!
em!Tula!os!baixosarelevos!repetem!
figuras!animais!estilizadas:!jaguares,!
coiotes.!O!amigo!mexicano!detémase!em!
cada!pedra,!transformandoaa!em!relato!
cósmico,!em!alegoria,!em!reflexão!moral.!
Uma!turma!de!estudantes!desfila!entre!
as!ruínas:!rapazotes!com!feições!de!
índio,!provavelmente!descendentes!dos!
construtores!daqueles!templos,!vestidos!
com!uma!simples!farda!branca!tipo!boya
scout!;!com!lenços!azuis.!Os!rapazes!são!
guiados!por!um!professor!que!não!é!
muito!mais!alto!do!que!eles!e!pouco!
mais!adulto,!que!apresenta!a!mesma!
cara!morena,!redonda!e!imóvel.!Sobem!
os!altos!degraus!da,!pirâmide,!detêmase!
sob!as!colunas,!o!professor!diz!a!que!
civilização!pertencem,!a!que!século,!em!
que!pedra!estão!esculpidas!,e!em!
111
!
!
seguida!conclui:!“Não!se!sabe!o!que!
querem!dizer”!e!o!grupo!de!alunos!desce!
atrás!dele.!Ao!pé!de!cada!estátua,!ao!pé!
de!cada!figura!esculpida!sobre!um!baixoa
relevo!ou!sobre!uma!coluna,!o!professor!
fornece!alguns!dados!factuais!e!
acrescenta!invariavelmente:!“Não!se!
sabe!o!que!querem!dizer.”
SCALE%1%The!Eiffel!tower!is!in!the!
background,!its!tip!surrounded!by!
clouds.!A!small!bright!red!candy!
dispenser!confronts!it.
!
!
!
!
!
Italo!Calvino,!Palomar,!1983!
!
!
SAND,%GRAVEL,%VOLCANIC%ROCKS%
In!August!2008,!the!thriving!Tourism!
Industry!of!Cape!Verde´s!archipelago!
came!to!a!standstill.!Several!building!
sites!of!hotels,!resorts!and!apartments!
managed!by!Portuguese,!French,!Italians!
and!Arabs!stopped,!due!to!a!sand!
shortage!on!the!islands.!Sand,!an!
essential!primal!resource!for!the!
production!of!concrete,.reached!a!
dramatic!limit,!putting!the!existence!of!
beaches!on!the!islands!at!risk.!All!works!
were!temporary!suspended!until!a!
solution!was!found.
At!this!time,!we!were!travelling!through!
Mauritania,!a!neighbouring!country!with!
scarce!resources,!but!having!75%!of!its!
territory!composed!of!sand.!The!news!
that!such!tourist!investors!were!looking!
for!sand!spead!quickly,!creating!
euphoria!amongst!business!men!in!
Mauritania.!Successive!trucks!full!of!
sand!started!to!feed!the!Nouakchott!
Port,!from!which!ships!carried!the!sand!
into!the!islands!of!Cape!Verde.
As!a!way!of!reabalancing!its!fragile!
commercial!equilibrium,!the!local!
authorities!in!Cape!Verde!decided!to!
encourage!the!export!of!gravel!and!
volcanic!rocks!to!Gambia,!a!third!
neighbouring!country,!of!predominant!
swamp!territories,!where!the!tourist!
industry,!mainly!British,!is!also!thriving!
with!big!investments.
The!planetary!economic!expansion,!
development!as!a!religion,!the!soil!
displacement,!the!sand,!the!rocks,!the!
mountains,!from!one!point!another,!to!
flatten,!produce,!build,!asphalt:!which!
changes,!which!effects!is!this!having!on!
the!lives!of!inhabitants!of!these!cities?
%
!
!
!
!
Luisa!Homem!e!Pedro!Pinho,!Directors’!Notes,!
2010!
!
!
112
!
!
!!
educated!people!in!the!developed!world!
believe!that!material!goods!travel!as!
they!do,!by!air,!and!that!money,!
traveling!in!the!blink!of!an!eye,!is!the!
abstract!source!of!all!wealth.
Our!premise!is!that!the!sea!remains!the!
crucial!space!of!globalization.!Nowhere!
else!is!the!disorientation,!violence,!and!
alienation!of!contemporary!capitalism!
more!manifest,!but!this!truth!is!not!selfa
evident,!and!must!be!approached!as!a!
puzzle,!or!mystery,!a!problem!to!be!
solved.
The!factory!system!is!no!longer!
concentrated!in!the!developed!world!but!
has!become!mobile!and!dispersed.!As!
ships!become!more!like!buildings,!the!
giant!floating!warehouses!of!the!“justaina
time”!system!of!distribution,!factories!
begin!to!resemble!ships,!stealing!away!
stealthily!in!the!night,!restlessly!
searching!for!ever!cheaper!labor.!A!
garment!factory!in!Los!Angeles!or!Hong!
Kong!closes,!the!work!benches!and!
sewing!machines!reappear!in!the!
suburbs!of!Guangzhou!or!Dacca.!In!the!
automobile!industry,!for!example,!the!
function!of!the!ship!is!akin!to!that!of!
conveyor!systems!within!the!old!
integrated!car!factory:!parts!span!the!
world!on!their!journey!to!the!final!
assembly!line.
The!function!of!sea!trade!is!no!longer!a!
separate,!mercantilist!enterprise,!but!
has!become!an!integral!component!of!
the!worldaindustrial!system.!We!are!
distracted!from!the!full!implications!of!
this!insight!by!two!powerful!myths,!
which!stifle!curiosity.!The!first!myth!is!
that!the!sea!nothing!more!than!a!
residual!mercantilist!space,!a!reservoir!
of!cultural!and!economic!anachronisms.!
The!second!myth!is!that!we!live!in!a!
postaindustrial!society,!that!cybernetic!
systems!and!the!service!economy!have!
radically!marginalized!the!“old!
economy”!of!heavy!material!fabrication!
and!processing!.!Thus!the!fiction!of!
obsolescence!mobilizes!vast!reserves!of!
sentimental!longing!for!things!which!are!
not!really!dead.
Our!response!to!these!myths!is!that!the!
sea!is!the!key!to!understanding!
globalized!industrialism.!Without!a!
!
!
!
!
SCALE%2!This!film!joins!a!bumper!crop!
of!documentaries!exploring!the!
underside!of!the!world’s!vast!built!
environments!by!relying!on!visual!
commentary.!Human!subjects!filmed!in!
this!style!look!minuscule!next!to!
massive!physical!structures,!dispensable!
pieces!in!a!larger!mechanized!puzzle.!In!
the!world!of!The.Forgotten.Space,!
workers!find!themselves!in!harsh!
predicaments!due!to!events!beyond!
their!control,!which!they!themselves!
have!a!difficult!time!piecing!together.!In!
this!light,!massive!architectural!feats!are!
a!standain!for!overarching!economic!
forces!that!pitilessly!engulf!us,!and!for!
which!we!have!little!ability!to!
understand.!
!
!
Joshua.K..Leon,.“Spaces.on.Capital”,.
brooklynrail.org,!2012.
!
!
SEA!Those!of!us!who!travel!by!air,!or!
who!“go!surfing”!on!the!Web,!scarcely!
think!of!the!sea!as!a!space!of!transport!
any!more.!We!live!instead!in!the!age!of!
cyberspace,!of!instantaneous!electronic!
contact!between!everywhere!and!
everywhere!else.
In!this!fantasy!world!the!very!concept!of!
distance!is!abolished.!More!than!90%!of!
the!world’s!cargo!moves!by!sea,!and!yet!
!
!
!
!
!
!
thoroughly!modern!and!sophisticated!
“revolution”!in!oceanagoing!cargoa
handling!technology,!the!global!factory!
would!not!exist,!and!globalization!would!
not!be!a!burning!issue.
!
!
Allan!Sekula!and!Noël!Burch,!“Notes!for!a!Film”,!
2010!
!
!
SEADWEARINESS!
This!wrestling,!as!of!seamen!with!a!
storm
Which!flies!to!leeward!–!while!they,!
united
In!that!chaos,!turn,!each!on!his!knighted
Bunk,!to!dream!of!chaos!again,!or!home!a
The!poet!himself,!struggling!with!the!
form
Of!his!coiled!work,!knows!;!having!
requited
Seaaweariness!with!purpose,!invited
What!derricks!of!the!soul!plunge!in!his!
room.
Yet!some!mariner's!ferment!in!his!blood
!–Though!truant!heart!will!hear!the!iron!
travail
And!song!of!ships!that!ride!their!easting!
down!–
Sustains!him!to!subdue!or!be!subdued.
In!sleep!all!night!he!grapples!with!a!sail!
But!words!beyond!the!life!of!ships!
dream!on.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Malcolm!Lowry,!“Joseph!Conrad”,!1942!
!
!
SEKULA,%ALLAN%Since!the!early!
1970s,!Allan!Sekula!(U.S.A.,!1951a2013)!
worked!with!photographic!sequences,!
written!texts,!slide!shows!and!sound!
recording.!He!traveled!a!path!close!to!
cinema,!but,!with!the!exception!of!a!few!
video!works!from!the!early!70s!and!
early!80s,!he!has!stayed!away!from!the!
moving!image.!This!changed!in!2001,!
with!the!first!work!that!Sekula!was!
willing!to!call!a!film:!Tsukiji,!a!“city!
symphony”!set!in!Tokyo’s!giant!fish!
market.!Sekula’s!books!include!
Photography.against.the.Grain!(1984),!
Fish.Story!(1995),!Dismal.Science!(1999),!
Performance.under.Working.Conditions!
(2003),!Titanic’s.Wake!(2003),!and!
Polonia.and.Other.Fables!(2009).!These!
works!range!from!the!theory!and!history!
of!photography!to!studies!of!family!life!
in!the!grip!of!the!military!industrial!
113
!
complex,!and!the!explorations!of!the!
world!maritime!economy.!The.Forgotten.
Space!(2010)!is!a!filmic!sequel!to!Fish.
Story.
!
!
!
!She!carries!in!the!dishes,!
And!lays!them!in!a!row.!
To!an!isle!in!the!water!
With!her!would!I!go.!
!
She!carries!in!the!candles,!
And!lights!the!curtained!room,!
Shy!in!the!doorway!
And!shy!in!the!gloom;!
!
And!shy!as!a!rabbit,!
Helpful!and!shy.!
To!an!isle!in!the!water!
With!her!would!I!fly.!
make!his!watch!go!fast!to!keep!up!to!her.!
[…]!We!sent!him!to!the!captain,!and!he!
explained!to!him!the!mystery!of!“ship!
time”!and!set!his!troubled!mind!at!rest.!
This!young!man!asked!a!great!many!
questions!about!seasickness!before!we!
left,!and!wanted!to!know!what!its!
characteristics!were,!and!how!he!was!to!
tell!when!he!had!it.!He!found!out.
!
!
!
!
!
SENSORY%WORLD%In!this!age!of!
hysterical!consumption!and!endless!
distraction,!it!has!become!commonplace!
for!people,!especially!young!people,!to!
escape!from!sensory!awareness!of!their!
daily!surround!by!reducing!their!focus!
to!the!miniature!screens!of!their!smart!
phones.!These!screens!offer!the!panoply!
of!codifiable!information!that!seems!
necessitated!by!the!demands!of!social!
interchange!and!the!pressures!of!
education!and!work!within!an!
economically!precarious!society.!
Implicitly!the!phones!reduce!the!world,!
or!at!least!those!aspects!of!the!world!
necessary!for!practical!life,!to!what!
seems!a!manageable!size.!The!sensory!
world!is!increasingly!understood!as!a!
distraction!from!the!electronic!
environment!within!which!smart!
phones!(and!all!our!other!digital!devices!
for!accessing!information!and!
communicating!with!others)!function.!
As!a!result,!it!is!hardly!surprising!that!a!
new!generation!of!motion!picture!artists!
would!become!interested!in!confronting!
this!tendency!toward!the!
miniaturization!of!sensual!experience,!
that!CastaingaTaylor!and!his!SEL!
filmmaker!colleagues!would!dedicate!
themselves!to!the!production!of!motion!
picture!experiences!that!evoke!the!
power!and!fascinations!of!the!sensory!
world.
%
!
Scott!MacDonald,!American.Ethnographic.Film.
and.Personal.Documentary:.The.Cambridge.Turn,!
2013!
!
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SEREIAS!Como!as!sereias!temos!uma!
dupla!natureza:!somos!de!carne!e!de!
pedra.!Os!nossos!ossos!mergulham!no!
mar.
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!
Vitorino!Nemésio,!Ínsula,!1932!
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!
SHE
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SHY!one,!shy!one,!
Shy!one!of!my!heart,!
She!moves!in!the!firelight!
Pensively!apart.!
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Mark!Twain,!The.Innocents.Abroad,!1869!!
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SILÊNCIO!O!silêncio!(e!o!que!entre!ele!
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W.B.!Yeats,!“To!an!Isle!in!the!Water”,!1889!
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SHIP%TIME!Young!Mr.!Blucher,!who!is!
from!the!Far!West,!and!is!on!his!first!
voyage,!was!a!good!deal!worried!by!the!
constantly!changing!“ship!time.”!He!was!
proud!of!his!new!watch!at!first,!and!used!
to!drag!it!out!promptly!when!eight!bells!
struck!at!noon,!but!he!came!to!look!after!
a!while!as!if!he!were!losing!confidence!in!
it.!Seven!days!out!from!New!York!he!
came!on!deck,!and!said!with!great!
decision:!
“This!thing's!a!swindle!”
“What's!a!swindle?”
“Why,!this!watch.!I!bought!her!out!in!
Illinois!–!gave!$150!for!her!–!and!I!
thought!she!was!good.!And,!by!George,!
she!is!good!on!shore,!but!somehow!she!
don't!keep!up!her!lick!here!on!the!water!
–!gets!seasick,!maybe.!She!skips;!she!
runs!along!regular!enough!till!halfapast!
eleven,!and!then,!all!of!a!sudden,!she!lets!
down.!I've!set!that!old!regulator!up!
faster!and!faster,!till!I've!shoved!it!clear!
around,!but!it!don't!do!any!good;!she!
just!distances!every!watch!in!the!ship,!
and!clatters!along!in!a!way!that's!
astonishing!till!it!is!noon,!but!them!eight!
bells!always!gets!in!about!ten!minutes!
ahead!of!her,!anyway.!I!don't!know!what!
to!do!with!her!now.!She's!doing!all!she!
can!–!she's!going!her!best!gait,!but!it!
won't!save!her.!Now,!don't!you!know,!
there!ain't!a!watch!on!the!ship!that's!
making!better!time!than!she!is;!But!what!
does!it!signify?!When!you!hear!them!
bells!you'll!find!her!just!about!ten!
minutes!short!of!her!score,!sure.”
The!ship!was!gaining!a!full!hour!every!
three!days,!this!fellow!was!trying!to!
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!!
!
will!prove!useful.!It!is!also!advisable!to!
take!along!a!daggeraproof!coat!and!two!
Insurance!Policies!–!one!Against!Fire!
and!one!Against!Damage!from!Hail.!The!
traveller!who!sails!to!this!part!of!the!
world!is!warned,!when!in!tropical!
climates,!to!pay!particular!heed!that!the!
bowsprit!of!the!ship!does!not!get!mixed!
with!the!rudder!–!a!frequent!occurrence!
which!is!locally!described!as!being!
“snarked.”!
Various!animals!live!on!the!island!(apart!
from!the!snark!itself),!strange!creepy!
creatures:!the!jubjub!–!a!passionate!bird!
with!a!terrifying,!shrill,!screaming!song!
(but!it!is!exquisite!when!cooked!and!
several!different!recipes!are!available);!
and!the!dangerous!bandersnatch,!with!
extensible!neck!and!frumious!claws.!
Snarks,!too,!are!good!cooked,!and!served!
with!greens,!and!they!may!also!be!used!
to!strike!a!light.!One!species!of!snark,!the!
boojum,!can,!if!it!is!seen,!cause!certain!
persons!to!softly!and!suddenly!vanish!
away.!But!there!are!five!distinctive!
characteristics!by!which!a!common!
snark,!which!is!harmless,!can!be!
recognized;!they!are!listed!in!the!only!
existing!textbook!on!the!subject:!!
habita)!é!na!verdade!a!voz!maior!do!
filme,!sendo!frequentes!os!momentos!
em!que!nos!cabe!a!nós,!espectadores,!o!
papel!de!sonorizar,!pelos!sussurros!da!
respiração!de!toda!uma!plateia!numa!
sala!escura,!as!imagens!que,!mesmo!
quando!observando!a!natureza,!assim!
nos!lembram!que!são!coisa!do!aqui!e!do!
agora.!Nossas!contemporâneas.!
Habitadas!pelo!homem.
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!
Nuno!Galopim,!“Os!filmes!do!IndieLisboa!(2),!
www.!soundaavision.blogspot.pt,!2013!
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SMALL%ENOUGH!“I!do!love!it,”!said!
Anne.!“I!really!do.!It's!just!small!enough!
to!feel!like!an!island.!Most!islands!are!
too!big!to!feel!like!islands.!I!mean,!
Britain!is!an!island,!but!nobody!living!on!
it!could!possibly!know!it!unless!they!
were!told.!Now!this!island!really!feels!
like!one!because!wherever!you!are!you!
can!see!to!the!other!side!of!it.!I!love!it.”
George!felt!very!happy.!She!had!often!
been!on!her!island!before,!but!always!
alone!except!for!Tim.!She!had!always!
vowed!that!she!never,!never!would!take!
anyone!there,!because!it!would!spoil!her!
island!for!her.!But!it!hadn't!been!spoilt.!
It!had!made!it!much!nicer.!For!the!first!
time!George!began!to!understand!that!
sharing!pleasures!doubles!their!joy.
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Enid!Blyton,!Five.on.a.Treasure.Island,!1942!
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SNARK%ISLAND,!an!island!of!
unpleasant!chasms!and!crags,!and!
dismal,!desolate!valleys,!somewhere!in!
the!Ocean.!For!those!wishing!to!find!it,!
and!who!believe!that!Mercator’s!North!
Poles!and!Equators,!Tropics,!Zones!and!
Meridian!Lines!are!merely!conventional!
signs,!a!blank!map!representing!the!sea!
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!
Let.us.take.them.in.order..The.first.is.the.
taste,.
Which.is.meagre.and.hollow,.but.crisp:.
Like.a.coat.that.is.rather.too.tight.in.the.
waist,.
With.a.flavour.of.Will;o’;the;wisp..
Its.habit.of.getting.up.late.you’ll.agree
That.it.carries.too.far,.when.I.say
That.it.frequently.breakfasts.at.five.o.
‘clock.tea,.
And.dines.on.the.following.day..
The.third.is.its.slowness.in.taking.a.jest..
Should.you.happen.to.venture.on.one,.
It.will.sigh.like.a.thing.that.is.deeply.
distressed:.
And.it.always.looks.grave.at.a.pun..
The.fourth.is.its.fondness.for.bathing;
machines,.
Which.it.constantly.carries.about,
And.believes.that.they.add.to.the.
beauty.of.scenes.–
A.sentiment.open.to.doubt...
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The!fifth!and!last!characteristic!is!its!
ambition.!Furthermore,!snarks!can!be!
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divided!into!two!groups:!those!that!have!
feathers!and!bite,!and!those!that!have!
whiskers!and!scratch.!The!
recommended!system!for!catching!any!
kind!of!snark!is!as!follows:!!
!
You.may.seek.it.with.thimbles.–.and.seek.
it.with.care;.
You.may.hunt.it.with.forks.and.hope;.
You.may.threaten.its.life.with.a.railway;
share;.
You.may.charm.it.with.smiles.and.soap..
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Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Lewis!
Carroll![Charles!Lutwidge!Dodgson],!The.
Hunting.of.the.Snark,!London,!1876!
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SOKUROV,%ALEXANDR%is!a!Russian!
director!of!avantagarde!and!independent!
films!that!have!won!him!international!
acclaim.!After!school!he!studied!history!
and!completed!a!BA!degree!course.!By!
that!time,!however,!he!had!made!up!his!
mind!to!become!a!filmmaker!and!in!
1975!he!moved!to!Moscow!to!study!at!
VGIKaa!state!film!school,!one!of!the!most!
prestigious!and!major!of!its!kind!in!
Russia.!In!the!years!that!followed!he!
made!several!shorts,!none!of!which!was!
liked!by!his!teachers.!His!works!were!
described!as!“weird,!formal,!and!
mannered”!but!never!“talented”!or!
“promising”.!In!the!end!Sokurov!entered!
into!an!open!conflict!with!his!mentors!
and!dropped!out!of!BGIK,!nevertheless!it!
was!during!his!years!there!that!he!met!
Andrey!Tarkovsky!whom!he!later!
befriended.!Tarkovsky!was!the!first!to!
notice!Sokurov's!gift!and!to!tell!him!that!
he!was!going!to!have!a!brilliant!career!
provided!he!found!his!own!style!and!
stayed!true!to!it,!and!it!was!with!
Tarkovsky's!backing!that!Sokurov!found!
an!employment!at!Lenfilm!–!the!second!
largest!film!studio!in!Russia.!His!feature!
debut!The.Lonely.Human.Voice!(1987)!
was!not!released!until!the!early!1990s!
because!the!studio!chiefs!saw!an!antia
government!stance!in!it.!A!man!of!a!rare!
strength,!Sokurov!managed!to!complete!
several!films!in!a!year.!Produced!at!the!
same!time,!Mournful.Insensibility!
(loosely!adapted!from!Bernard!Shaw's!A.
Heartbreak.House)!was!a!commercial!
failure!because!it!proved!to!be!very!
difficult!for!common!cinema!goers!but!
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pleased!critics!who!reckoned!Sokurov!as!
a!budding!auteur!with!a!vision!of!his!
own.!He!kept!on!making!highly!personal,!
artistic!films!that!won!art!house!fans!
acclaim!first!in!Russia!and!then!around!
the!world.!Often!plotless!with!emphasis!
on!aesthetics!and!impressionism!his!
films!are!noted!for!philosophical!
approach!to!history!and!nature.!Sokurov!
has!always!tried!to!distance!himself!
from!mainstream!as!far!as!possible.!
Assisted!by!European!and!Asian!produa
cers!he!founded!his!own!production!
company!Bereg!(Coast)!in!St.Peterburg,!
Russia,!which!supports!independent!
filmmaking.
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SOLIDÃO!Oh,!solidão!das!ilhas!…!
Conquista!da!terra!por!firmeza!no!pouco!
que!se!tem!e!por!tino!e!recuo!a!tempo!no!
muito!que!se!deseja…!Portos!fechados,!
ilhas!à!vista…!Entre!nós!e!o!mundo!
aquela!porção!de!sal!que!torna!
incorrupto!o!aro!da!terra…!Movimento!e!
força;!outras!vezes!tranquilidade!e!
pasmo…!Extensão…!Extensão…!(E,!por!
mais!que!embirremos!com!reticências,!
que!são!espasmos!tipográficos,!a!coisa!é!
assim!mesmo…!Tem!de!exprimirase!
nesta!dose!exacta!de!exaltação!e!de!
pouca!sintaxe…!).!Ilhas!pontuadas!
naquela!brutalidade!oceânica!que!é!
afinal!a!única!coisa!delicada!e!discreta!
da!nossa!vida!o!mar!do!nosso!segredo…!
a!volubilidade!do!nosso!ardor!que!nada!
estanca…!esta!inconsistência!de!projeca
tos!humanos!(mas!desumano!é!o!lógico,!
o!ético,!o!inflexível!).!Além!disso,!o!vapor!
da!carreira…!o!boletim!meteorológico!
(grau!de!humidade!à!saturação!cem…!),!
e!o!acostamento!de!Santos!com!a!
bandeira!de!saída…!Oiço!os!rebocadores.
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Vitorino!Nemésio,!Corsário.das.Ilhas,!1956!
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!SOLITUDE!1!I!love!to!be!alone.!I!never!
found!the!companion!that!was!so!
companionable!as!solitude.
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Henry!David!Thoreau,!Walden:.Or,.Life.in.the.
Woods,!1854!
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SOLITUDE%2!Effective!magic!is!
transcendent!nature.
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George!Eliot,!Middlemarch!1874!
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SOLITUDE%3!At!first!it!seemed!eerie!
and!strange!to!go!all!alone!into!the!
forest,!away!from!all!roads!and!paths.!
But!as!I!came!to!know!the!forest!and!
many!of!the!plants!and!animals!that!
lived!in!it,!the!feeling!of!strangeness!
disappeared!and!I!grew!more!and!more!
comfortable!in!the!woodland.!I!also!
became!more!and!more!certain!that!I!
did!not!want!to!spend!my!whole!life!in!
civilization,!and!that!I!wanted!to!go!and!
live!in!some!wild!place.
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Theodore!Kaczynski,!Letter!to!M.!K.,!2003!
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SPACE%AND%TIME!Strangely,!from!
your!little!island!in!space,!you!were!gone!
forth!into!the!dark,!great!realms!of!time,!
where!all!the!souls!that!never!die!veer!
and!swoop!on!their!vast,!strange!
errands.!The!little!earthly!island!has!
dwindled,!like!a!jumpingaoff!place,!into!
nothingness,!for!you!have!jumped!off,!
you!know!not!how,!into!the!dark!wide!
mystery!of!time,!where!the!past!is!vastly!
alive,!and!the!future!is!not!separated!off.
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D.H.!Lawrence,!“The!Man!who!Loved!Islands”,!
1928!
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SPRAY,%STEPHANIE!is!a!filmmaker,!
phonographer!and!anthropologist!
whose!work!explores!the!confluence!of!
social!aesthetics!and!art!in!everyday!life.!
Stephanie!is!currently!a!PhD!candidate!
and!Teaching!Fellow!in!the!Sensory!
Ethnography!Laboratory!and!a!fellow!at!
the!Harvard!Film!Study!Center.!In!1999!
she!began!studying!music,!religion,!and!
language!in!Nepal,!and!since!then!has!
spent!copious!time!practicing!the!art!of!
“wandering”!(dhulna.jāne)!with!a!caste!
of!itinerant!musicians!called!the!
Gandharba.!She!has!made!several!films!
with!this!community,!including!Kāle.and.
Kāle!(2007),!Monsoon;Reflections!
(2008),!Untitled.(bed)!(2009),!As.Long.as.
There’s.Breath!(2010),!Untitled!(2010).!
Her!most!recent!film,!Manakamana!
(2013,!coadirected!with!Pacho!Velez)!
won!a!Golden!Leopard!at!the!2013!
Locarno!International!Film!Festival.
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SQUINT%Your!cities!do!not!exist.!
Perhaps!they!have!never!existed.!It!is!
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sure!they!will!never!exist!again.!Why!do!
you!amuse!yourself!with!consolatory!
fables?!I!know!well!that!my!empire!is!
rotting!like!a!corpse!in!a!swamp,!whose!
contagion!infects!the!crows!that!peck!it!
as!well!as!the!bamboo!that!grows,!
fertilized!by!its!humours.!Why!do!you!
not!speak!to!me!of!this?![…]!Yes,!the%
empire!is!sick,!and,!what!is!worse,!it!is!
trying!to!become!accustomed!to!its!
sores.!This!is!the!aim!of!my!explorations:!
examining!the!traces!of!happiness!still!to!
be!glimp!sed,!I!gauge!its!short!supply.!If!
you!want!to!know!how!much!darkness!
there!is!around!you,!you!must!sharpen!
your!eyes,!peering!at!the!faint!lights!in!
the!distance.
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Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972!
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ST.%MICHAELS%The!Island!of!St!
Michaels!is!considerably!larger!&!three!
times!more!populous!&!enjoys!a!more!
extensive!trade!than!Terceira.!
The!chief!export!is!the!fruit,!for!which!a!
fleet!of!vessels!annually!arrives.!
Although!several!hundred!vessels!are!
loaded!with!oranges,!these!trees!on!
neither!island!appear!in!any!great!
numbers.!No!one!would!guess!that!this!
was!the!great!market!for!the!numberless!
oranges!imported!into!England.
St!Michaels!has!much!the!same!open,!
semiagreen,!cultivated!patchwork!
appearance!as!Terceira.!The!town!is!
more!scattered;!the!houses!&!churches!
there!&!throughout!the!country!are!
white!washed!&!look!from!a!distance!
neat!and!pretty.!
The!land!behind!the!town!is!less!
elevated!than!at!Terceira,!but!yet!rises!
considerably;!it!is!thickly!studded!or!
rather!made!up!of!small!mammiformed!
hills,!each!of!which!has!sometime!been!
an!active!Volcano.
In!an!hours!time!the!boat!returned!
without!any!letters,!and!then!getting!a!
good!offing!from!the!land,!we!steered,!
thanks!to!God,!a!direct!course!for!
England.!
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Charles!Darwin,!Diary,!1836!
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STATUE%L’image!aussi!a!son!histoire.!
Le!cinéma!soviétique!nous!a!fait!voir!des!
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statues!renversées,!des!tsars!décapités,!
des!sceptres!orgueilleux!roulant!aux!
poubelles!de!l’Histoire.!Les!démolisseurs!
de!ces!temps!héroïques!étaient!des!
Ouvriers!majuscules,!sans!autre!
équipement!que!la!Vérité!majuscule,!
sans!autre!force!que!le!souffle!de!la!
Révolution!(quand!on!sait!l’apprivoiser).!
Par!parenthèses,!ce!sont!les!images!
d’Octobre!d’Eisenstein!qu’ont!imitées!les!
reporters!du!monde!entier!(même!les!
moins!cinéphiles)!lorsqu’ils!ont!filmé!la!
chute!de!Saddam!Hussein!à!Bagdad!sous!
la!figure!d’une!immense!statue!
renversée!(mise!en!scène!par!les!
services!de!communication!du!
Pentagone).
Ce!jour!de!l’été!1999,!à!Moscou,!
l’Histoire!avance!à!reculons!et!les!
ouvriers!–!équipés!de!casques,!de!palans!
et!de!filins!d’acier!–!travaillent!à!
remettre!en!place!les!symboles!de!
l’ordre!ancien.!Celui!qu’ils!portent!au!
pinacle!n’est!pas!Lénine!ou!quelque!
moderne!défenseur!des!exploités!
(Mandela!?!Lula!?)!mais!l’archange!Sainta
Michel.!Non!qu’ils!croient!aux!anges!ni!
aux!archanges!(pas!comme!ceux!qui!
hissaient!les!cloches!dans!Alexandre!
Roublev!de!Tarkovsky)!mais,!comme!on!
dit!en!Russie!et!un!peu!partout!dans!le!
monde,!surtout!quand!ça!va!mal,!“!il!faut!
bien!croire!à!quelque!chose!”.!La!bourse!
ne!fait!rêver!que!les!milliardaires,!la!
démocratie!a!un!goût!amer!d’élections!
truquées!et!de!bulletins!de!vote!achetés.!
Pour!réenchanter!le!monde,!finalement,!
on!n’a!pas!trouvé!mieux!que!ces!bonnes!
vieilles!bondieuseries.!On!peut!au!moins!
espérer!que!le!temps!du!labeur!gratuit!
pour!le!maîtreapropriétaire,!le!Parti!
voire!le!Goulag!est!enfin!révolu!et!que!
ces!modernes!prolétaires!ne!travaillent!
pas!gratis!pro!deo.
L’archange!se!balance!auadessus!du!vide,!
instable,!incertain.!On!aura!beau!
reconstruire!les!cathédrales!et!
suspendre!des!archanges!à!leur!
frontons,!on!ne!retrouvera!pas!l’enfance,!
l’innocence!perdue.!Né!au!moment!de!la!
disgrâce!de!Krouchthchev,!Nicolas!Rey!
se!dit!“!enfant!de!Brejnev!”!c’est!à!dire!de!
la!sénescence,!d’un!monde!
définitivement!désenchanté.!Et!lorsqu’il!
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!!
regarde!le!ciel,!il!n’y!voit,!hélas,!que!des!
grues,!des!avions!et!des!satellites.
!
!
Anne!Brunswic,!“!De!l'ange!déchu!à!l'ange!
promu!”,.Images.de.la.Culture,!2006!
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!
STAYING!Russell:!The!commune!
section!was!the!most!ecstatic,!the!
hardest!thing!to!edit!as!well.!We!spent!
time!with!these!remarkable!humans,!
and!it!was!hard!to!let!go!of!them.
Rivers:!Yes,!you!would!have!this!
amazing!woman!and!how!could!you!cut!
her?
Cook:!When!the!section!ends,!it’s!hard!to!
get!over!moving!on!from!them.!I!
could’ve!watched!them!for!two!hours!
Rivers:!It’s!better!to!want!to!stay!with!
them.
Cook:!And!it’s!better!to!have!this!jarring!
switch!from!act!to!act.
Rivers:!I!think!the!most!insightful!thing!
in!the!film!are!those!triangle!moments.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Interview!by!Adam!Cook,!“Locarno!2013.!
Temporary!Autonomous!Zones:!A!Conversation!
with!Ben!Rivers!&!Ben!Russell”,!www.!mubi.com,!
2013!
!
!
STILL%PHOTOGRAPHY%That![“There!
is!something!worse!than!forgetting!the!
past!and!that’s!forgetting!the!
relationship!between!the!past!and!the!
present”]!is!actually!a!quote!from!
Blanchot’s!The.Writing.of.the.Disaster.!
That!book!is!so!relevant!to!me,!not!just!
in!terms!of!what!he!has!to!say!about!
writing,!but!also!in!terms!of!
photography:!in!the!face!of!catastrophe,!
not.writing!is!the!ultimate!concession.!
Which!is!to!say,!despite!the!limitations!
of!representation!in!whatever!form,!not!
even!making!an!attempt!is!to!be!
defeated!by!the!catastrophic!event.!So!
there!is!something!I’m!trying!to!
recuperate!for!photography!and!I!think!
it!does!have!to!do!with,!as!you!say,!a!way!
of!looking.!That!we!not!receive!this!
constant!stream!of!images!we!read!for!
content!and!instead!take!time!to!look.!
That!is!the!most!obvious!reason!to!work!
with!still!photography!in!film!because!
the!filmmaker!controls!how!long!the!
audience!looks!at!an!image!and!where!
they!look!within!an!image.!I!can!either!
give!you!a!glimpse!of!an!image!or!I!can!
make!you!look!for!minutes!at!a!time.!You!
can!look!away,!but!you!are!made!aware!
that!you!are!looking!away.!When!you’re!
looking!at!images!in!a!newspaper!or!on!a!
billboard!or!in!a!gallery,!you!may!feel!
that!you!have!looked!an!image!but!you!
haven’t!really!seen!it.!So!there!is!some!
kind!of!recuperative!gesture!in!that.!It!
allows!you!and!challenges!you!to!look!
differently!than!you!would!in!a!casual!
way.!And!a!lot!has!to!do!with!the!
conditions!of!viewing.!The!most!
poignant!thing!about!a!photograph!is!
that!it!only!represents!a!fraction!of!a!
second!and!it!doesn’t!include!the!before!
and!after!and!it!doesn’t!include!what!is!
outside!the!frame.!The!obvious!
difference!between!moving!and!still!
images!is!that!the!latter!allows!for!time!
to!look!at!a!single!moment!and!the!
former!is!a!series!of!constantly!disapa
pearing!images!that!allow!you!to!see!
what!happens!over!time!and!depending!
on!the!shot,!expand!the!frame.!On!that!
score,!there!are!filmmakers!like!Peter!
Hutton!or!James!Benning!–!especially!
Peter!Hutton!–!who!are!trying!to!make!
you!slow!down!and!just!look!at!an!
image,!often!with!no!sound.!So!the!
duration!really!is!in!the!act!of!looking.
!
%
Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes!
“The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema.
And.Photography,!2008!
!
!
STYLE!This!film!has!very!crude!
production!values,!and!they!are!part!of!
its!charm!and!message.!It!is!intended!to!
look!very!much!a!“home!made”!film,!
improvised,!much!like!jeepneys!are,!
from!available!materials!and!made!into!
a!distinctive!statement.!It!melds!found!
footage,!stock!footage!and!narrative!
footage,!tied!together!with!voiceover.!
There!is!a!strong!narrative!line,!with!
occasional!magical!touches.!The!central!
character,!seemingly!authorial,!is!clearly!
a!fictional!creation.!The!naiveté!of!the!
character!serves!as!a!disarming!device!
for!Tahimik!to!put!forward!a!critique!of!
Western!progress.!The!film!is!explicitly!
allegorical,!and!full!of!metaphors,!puns,!
sly!ironies!and!jokes.
!
!
Patricia!Aufderheide,!CrossaCultural!Film!Guide,!
1992!
STRANGE(R)%Abroad,!the!only!exotic!
person!is!the!stranger;!and!the!native,!
apart!from!his!own!necessity,!has!a!wish!
for!the!strange.
%
!
Ernst!Bloch!(unsourced)!
!
!
STRAY%ON%TRACK%Intuitively,!
something!is!linking!your!search!engine!
to!something!you!feel!is!perfect!for!the!
moment.!It's!the!same!with!film.!Maybe,!
initially,!visuals!start!consciously!
(scripted.)!Let's!say!you!aren't!shooting!
yet,!but!an!impulse!pushes!you!to!start!
cranking!the!camera!for!unscripted!
footage…!Sometimes!I!get!an!idea!of!
what!accent!to!put!in!this!corner!of!the!
art!village,!because!a!carpenter!
accidentally!left!a!plank!there.!Similarly,!
I!was!editing!particular!shots!for!the!
Yellow!film.!Our!musician!visitors!were!
jamming!in!the!basement.!An!
improvised!musical!phrase!drifted!into!
my!ears!–!which!sounded!swell!with!
pictures!I!was!editing!–!prssssskkk!!I!
rushed!down!the!stairs.!Play!it!again,!
Sam!…!Then!I!nailed!that!improvisation!
into!the!track.!It!wasn’t!a!score!that!
stayed.on.track.!Rather!a!heaven!sent!
sound!byte!that!strayed.on.track.
Straying.on.track.!That’s!the!story!of!my!
life…!How!my!scriptaless!films!come!
together…!Or!how!my!art!center!
“happens”!–!sans!blueprints…!Or!how!an!
Olympic!hostage!crisis!detoured!me!into!
a!hippie!commune!at!age!33!–!to!meet!a!
film!student!with!a!Bolex!16mm!camera.!
Both!in!living!life!or!in!the!shooting!
process,!you!don't!know!why!certain!
junk!gathers!dust…!whether!in!your!
room!or!in!your!film!vault.!But!when!
you're!editing,!the!most!remote!
sequence!will!come!back!to!you.!Of!
course,!what!comes!to!your!head!isn't!
always!what!works,!but!at!least!it!gets!
recalled,!and!tested.
That's!the!best!way!I!can!describe!my!
intuitive!process.!Sometimes!shots!I!
took!2!years!ago,!10!years!ago…!you’ve!
developed!a!distance!from!the!shots.!But!
when!you're!getting!involved!in!a!fresh!
storyline,!your!intuition!will!untie!that!
shot!from!the!literal!meaning!it!had!–!
when!you!shot!it!long!ago.!Looking!at!it!a!
%
!
!
!
!
!
119
!
decade!later!may!have!given!you!cosmic!
distance!–!so!that!the!shot!can!fit!better!
–!in!a!totally!new!context.!Or!in!a!new!
film!
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!interviewed!by!Aily!Nash,!2012!
!
!
STROMBOLI!Pour!en!revenir!à!
Stromboli,!ce!qu'il!m'intéressait!de!
traiter,!c'était!le!thème!du!cynisme,!
sentiment!qui!représentait!le!plus!grand!
danger!de!l'aprèsaguerre.!Karin,!
spéculant!sur!l'ingénuité!de!l'amour!
d'un!soldat,!pauvre!être!primitif,!
l'épouse!dans!le!seul!but!de!sortir!du!
camp!d'internement;!elle!troque!les!
barbelés!pour!l'île,!mais!elle!s'y!trouve!
encore!plus!enfermée;!elle!avait!rêvé!
d'autre!chose.!Femme!forte!et!décidée,!
qui!est!passée!à!travers!les!drames!et!les!
difficultés!de!la!guerre!en!se!tirant!
toujours!d'affaire!plus!ou!moins!bien,!
elle!est!à!présent!victime!de!petites!
choses!stupides!:!un!mari!qui!est!une!
brute,!une!petite!île!sans!végétation;!
doublement!prisonnière!du!fait!qu'elle!
est!enceinte;!être!enceinte!est!pour!elle!
stupide,!humiliant,!ignoble!et!bestial;!
elle!décide!donc!de!partir;!mais!au!
sommet!du!volcan,!qu'elle!est!obligée!de!
contourner!pour!rejoindre!un!petit!port!
de!l'autre!côté!de!l'île,!au!milieu!d'une!
nature!hostile,!cassée!par!la!fatigue,!
pliée!par!une!terreur!primitive,!dans!un!
désespoir!animal,!inconsciemment!elle!
invoque!Dieu.!“!Mon!Dieu”!est!
l'invocation!la!plus!simple,!la!plus!
primitive,!la!plus!commune!qui!puisse!
sortir!de!la!bouche!d'un!être!envahi!par!
la!douleur.!Cela!petit!être!une!invocation!
machinale!ou!l'expression!d'une!vérité!
très!haute.!Dans!un!cas!comme!dans!
l'autre,!c'est!toujours!l'expression!d'une!
mortification!profonde!qui!peut!être!
aussi!la!première!lueur!d'une!
conversion.!
!
!
Roberto!Rossellini,!Le.cinéma.révélé,!1984!
!
!
SUBALTERNITE!Ce!que!le!Premier!
Monde!pense!et!fantasme!à!propos!du!
Tiers!Monde!peut!n’avoir!absolument!
rien!de!commun,!formellement!ou!
épistémologiquement,!avec!ce!que!le!
Tiers!Monde!doit!apprendre!tous!les!
jours!du!Premier.!La!subalternité!
implique!la!possibilité!de!la!
connaissance,!la!domination!implique!
celle!de!l’oubli!et!de!la!répression!–!mais!
la!connaissance!n’est!pas!seulement!le!
contraire!de!l’oubli,!ni!la!domination!
seulement!l’opposé!de!l’oppression.
SUCESSO%Somos!reféns!de!uma!ideia!
SURROUNDED!Closeaup!of!a!man.!
de!bemaestar!e!progresso.!Para!atingir!
este!bemaestar!obrigamoanos!a!“gastar”!
o!tempo!na!procura!do!poder!que!nos!
permita!sentir!integrados!e!vitoriosos!
nesta!sociedade.!
Other!faces!surround!him,!but!his!is!the!
only!one!that’s!properly!lit.!His!head!is!
shaved!armyastyle.!He!holds!his!hands!in!
front!of!his!face,!fingers!intertwined,!as!
though!in!prayer.
%
!
!
!
!
!
João!Vladimiro,!Nota!de!intenções!de!Lacrau,!
2010!
!
Frederic!Jameson,!Fictions.Géo;Politiques,!2011!
!
!
SURVIVAL%(OF%IMAGES)%I!stumbled!
!
!
SUBLIME!In!the!center!of!the!image,!a!
SURFACE!George!Nivat:!Pouvezavous!
house!that!has!a!large!flaming!mass!for!
roof.!The!windows!and!door!are!no!
more.!The!house!is!nevertheless!
surrounded!by!darkness,!the!fire!cannot!
light!it.
%
!
!
!
!
!
SUCCESS!is!like!some!horrible!disaster
!
Worse!than!your!house!burning,!the!
sounds!of!ruination
As!the!roof!tree!falls!following!each!
other!faster
While!you!stand,!the!helpless!witness!of!
your!damnation.
!
me!parler!de!la!peinture,!et!de!Courbet?!
Alexander!Sokurov:!Courbet,!c'est!très!
sérieux,!je!le!scrute,!mais!jamais!je!n'ai!
tendu!la!main!vers!lui.!Pourquoi,!je!ne!
sais!pas.!À!un!moment!je!ne!pouvais!pas!
trouver!mon!chemin,!je!connaissais!la!
clé,!mais!pas!comment!ouvrir!la!porte.!
Puis!j'ai!compris!que!mon!thème,!c'était!
la!guérison,!devenir!adulte,!l'autoa
apprentissage;!alors!la!peinture!est!
devenu!capitale!pour!moi,!Mais!il!fallait!
vaincre!la!surface.!Le!volume!ne!
m'intéressait!pas.!Qu'estace!que!l'être!de!
la!surface?!J'essaie!d'arracher!mon!film!
au!cinéma!et!de!l'emporter!dans!la!
peinture!et!la!littérature.!Je!me!suis!
formulé!ce!but!clans!mon!travail!qui!est!
ininterrompu.!Et!j'ai!réussi!à!trouver!
une!clé.!Peutaêtre!aboliraiaje!la!distance!
cinémaalittérature.!Aujourd'hui,!elle!est!
immense.!Ils!s'ignorent.!C'est!au!cinéma!
de!faire!le!pas.!C'est!la!question!de!l'êtrea
enasurface!du!cinéma.!99!%!du!film,!c'est!
du!volume.
%
!
!
!
Alexander!Sokurov!interviewé!par!George!Nivat!,!
L’ombre.de.l’image,!2001!
!
!
!
!
!
Fame!like!a!drunkard!consumes!the!
house!of!the!soul
Exposing!that!you!have!worked!for!only!
this!–
Ah,!that!I!had!never!suffered!this!
treacherous!kiss,
And!had!been!left!in!darkness!forever!to!
founder!and!fail.
!
!
!
!
!
!
Malcolm!Lowry,!“After!the!Publication!of!Under!
the!Volcano”,!1947!
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120
!
!
!!
upon!them![these!still!images]!in!a!book!
on!Scandinavian!photography!when!I!
was!doing!research!for!a!different!
project!that!The.Idea.of.North.then!
replaced.!The!photographs!were!so!
arresting!that!I!abandoned!what!I!had!
been!doing!in!order!to!work!with!them.!
(The!abandoned!project!was!to!be!in!
part!about!Glenn!Gould,!and!though!it!
was!never!made,!I!titled!The.Idea.of.
North.after!his!audio!documentary!of!
the!same!name.)
I!started!to!think!about!how!this!fragile!
and!fragmentary!evidence!was!all!that!
was!left!to!reconstruct!an!event!with!no!
surviving!witnesses.!The!images’!
survival!was!extraordinary!and!the!
pictures!provided!a!kind!of!mute!
testimony!to!the!event.!Then!I!started!
researching!the!story!of!this!illafated!
polar!balloon!expedition!and!the!film!
took!on!a!kind!of!forensic!aspect.
I!came!across!the!images!a!second!time,!
reproduced!in!a!book!about!the!Andrée!
expedition.!Here!the!photographs!had!
been!touched!up,!with!details!painted!in!
that!were!not!at!all!visible!in!the!images!
I!had!first!seen.!I!started!thinking!about!
photographic!evidence!and!what!we!
consider!to!be!an!adequate!
representation!of!reality.!The!images!
had!different!registers!of!truth!–!the!first!
set!looked!more!degraded,!which!made!
it!seem!closer!to!the!experience!
depicted;!the!second!set!contained!more!
information.
In!that!film,!I!was!also!interested!in!what!
film!could!offer!history!in!excess!of!
language,!so!The.Idea.of.North.is!also!
about!what!images!and!sounds!provide!
that!language!is!too!impoverished!to!
convey.!Ironically,!the!diaries!left!behind!
by!the!Andrée!expedition!were!even!
more!degraded!than!the!images.!The!
printed!page!appears!literally!as!
fragments!since!the!words!had!faded!
!
!
!
121
!
away.!The!missing!and!illegible!parts!for!
me!held!as!much!pathos!as!the!
photographs.
!
!
Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes!
“The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema.
And.Photography,!2008!
!
!
SYSTEM!The!system!does!not!and!
cannot!exist!to!satisfy!human!needs.!
Instead,!it!is!human!behavior!that!has!to!
be!modified!to!fit!the!needs!of!the!
system.!This!has!nothing!to!do!with!the!
political!or!social!ideology!that!may!
pretend!to!guide!the!technological!
system.!It!is!the!fault!of!technology,!
because!the!system!is!guided!not!by!
ideology!but!by!technical!necessity.!Of!
course!the!system!does!satisfy!many!
human!needs,!but!generally!speaking!it!
does!this!only!to!the!extent!that!it!is!to!
the!advantage!of!the!system!to!do!it.!It!is!
the!needs!of!the!system!that!are!
paramount,!not!those!of!the!human!
being.!For!example,!the!system!provides!
people!with!food!because!the!system!
couldn't!function!if!everyone!starved;!it!
attends!to!people's!psychological!needs!
whenever!it!can!conveniently!do!so,!
because!it!couldn't!function!if!too!many!
people!became!depressed!or!rebellious.!
But!the!system,!for!good,!solid,!practical!
reasons,!must!exert!constant!pressure!
122
!
!
!!
on!people!to!mold!their!behavior!to!the!
needs!of!the!system.!Too!much!waste!
accumulating?!The!government,!the!
media,!the!educational!system,!
environmentalists,!everyone!inundates!
us!with!a!mass!of!propaganda!about!
recycling.!Need!more!technical!
personnel?!A!chorus!of!voices!exhorts!
kids!to!study!science.!No!one!stops!to!
ask!whether!it!is!inhumane!to!force!
adolescents!to!spend!the!bulk!of!their!
time!studying!subjects!most!of!them!
hate.!When!skilled!workers!are!put!out!
of!a!job!by!technical!advances!and!have!
to!undergo!“retraining,”!no!one!asks!
whether!it!is!humiliating!for!them!to!be!
pushed!around!in!this!way.!It!is!simply!
taken!for!granted!that!everyone!must!
bow!to!technical!necessity!and!for!good!
reason:!If!human!needs!were!put!before!
technical!necessity!there!would!be!
economic!problems,!unemployment,!
shortages!or!worse.!The!concept!of!
“mental!health”!in!our!society!is!defined!
largely!by!the!extent!to!which!an!
individual!behaves!in!accord!with!the!
needs!of!the!system!and!does!so!without!
showing!signs!of!stress.!
!
!
Theodore!J.!Kaczynski,!Industrial.Society.and.Its.
Future,!1995!
!
!
!
TAHIMIK,%KIDLAT%A!sui!generis!
mixture!of!documentary,!diary!film,!
fictionalized!autobiography,!cinematic!
essay!and!ethnography,!Kidlat!Tahimik’s!
1977!debut,!Perfumed.Nightmare,!
became!an!instant!classic!of!sorts,!
announcing!the!arrival!of!a!pioneering!
filmmaker.!But!Tahimik!remains!a!very!
unusual!sort!of!pioneer.!His!cinema’s!
sharp!critique!of!the!divides!between!
rich!and!poor,!capitalism!and!
community,!developed!nations!and!the!
developing!world!relies!on!gentle!
humor,!everyday!experiences!and!
childlike!play.!Weaving!this!material!
into!knowing!and!heartfelt!looks!at!life!
in!the!Philippines,!Tahimik!uncovers!the!
ways!in!which!the!country’s!postcolonial!
status!places!it!at!the!center!of!
contemporary!concerns!about!the!
retreat!of!tradition!in!the!face!of!a!global!
marketplace!dominated!by!an!alla
encompassing,!everagrowing!
technology.!There!is!little!in!Tahimik’s!
early!biography!to!indicate!the!career!he!
would!eventually!choose.!He!was!born!
Eric!de!Guia!in!Baguio!in!1942!to!an!
engineer!and!a!woman!who!would!be!
the!first!female!mayor!in!the!Philippines.!
After!receiving!a!master’s!degree!from!
the!business!school!at!Wharton,!he!
worked!for!the!Organization!for!
Economic!Cooperation!and!
Development!in!Paris!in!1968.!
Uninspired!by!the!research!he!was!
called!upon!to!perform,!he!left!his!job!to!
sell!memorabilia!at!the!1972!Olympics!
in!Munich.!Afterwards,!rather!than!
returning!home,!he!joined!an!artists’!
commune!in!Munich!and!eventually!
attracted!the!attention!of!Werner!
Herzog,!who!cast!him!in!a!small!part!in!
The.Enigma.of.Kaspar.Hauser.(1974).!
Under!Herzog’s!tutelage,!he!took!up!
filmmaking!and!premiered!Perfumed.
Nightmare!at!the!1977!Berlin!film!
festival.!The!film!quickly!traveled!the!
world,!championed!in!the!US!by!Francis!
Ford!Coppola!and!Susan!Sontag.
Since!then,!Tahimik!has!created!a!string!
of!documentaries!and!one!fiction!feature!
film,!all!of!which!demonstrate!his!love!of!
wordplay!both!silly!and!sophisticated!
and!his!ability!to!blend!politics!and!the!
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123
!
imagination!in!surprising!and!revealing!
ways.
!
!
!
TAPROBANE,!île!dans!le!Sud!de!
l’océan!Indien.!Couverte!en!grande!
partie!par!une!forêt!impénétrable,!elle!
est!le!repaire!de!l’amphisbaena.!Ce!
serpent!a!la!particularité!de!posséder!
aux!deux!extrémités!une!tête!aux!
crochets!venimeux!et!aux!yeux!brillants!
comme!des!chandelles.!Il!peut!changer!
de!direction!très!rapidement.!Il!semble!
que!les!fourmis!le!nourrissent!et!le!
soignent.!Coupé!en!deux,!son!corps!se!
reforme!de!luiamême.!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Pline!
l’Ancien,!Naturalis.Historia,!Ier!siècle!apr.!J.aC.!;!
Lucain,!Pharsalia,!entre!39!et!65!apr.!J.aC.;!
Brunetto!Latini,!Li.Livres.dou.Tresor,!Milan,!
1265!;!Sir!Thomas!Brown,!Pseudodoxia.epide;
mica.or.Enquiries.into.very.many.Received.
Tenents.and.commonly.Presumed.Truths;!
Londres,!1646!
!
!
TAXONOMIA!Este!livro!nasceu!de!um!
texto!de!Borges.!Do!riso!que,!com!sua!
leitura,!perturba!todas!as!familiaridades!
do!pensamento!–!do!nosso:!daquele!que!
tem!nossa!idade!e!nossa!geografia!–,!
abalando!todas!as!superfícies!ordenadas!
e!todos!os!planos!que!tornam!sensata!
para!nós!a!profusão!dos!seres,!fazendo!
vacilar!e!inquietando,!por!muito!tempo,!
nossa!prática!milenar!do!Mesmo!e!do!
Outro.!Esse!texto!cita!“uma!certa!
enciclopédia!chinesa”!onde!será!escrito!
que!“os!animais!se!dividem!em:!a)!
pertencentes!ao!imperador,!b)!
embalsamados,!c)!domesticados,!d)!
leitões,!e)!sereias,!f)!fabulosos,!g)!cães!
em!liberdade,!h)!incluídos!na!presente!
classificação,!i)!que!se!agitam!como!
loucos,!j)!inumeráveis,!k)!desenhados!
com!um!pincel!muito!fino!de!pêlo!de!
camelo,!l)!et!cetera,!m)!que!acabam!de!
quebrar!a!bilha,!n)!que!de!longe!
parecem!moscas”.!No!deslumbramento!
dessa!taxinomia,!o!que!de!súbito!
atingimos,!o!que,!graças!ao!apólogo,!nos!
é!indicado!como!o!encanto!exótico!de!
um!outro!pensamento,!é!o!limite!do!
nosso:!a!impossibilidade!
patente!de!pensar!isso.
!
!
!
Michel!Foucault,!As.Palavras.e.as.Coisas,!1966!
!
!
124
!
!
!!
TECHNIQUE!An!odd,!elusive!1971!
Filipino!filibuster,!a!first!feature!that!
somehow!disassembles!more!than!it!
assembles,!Mababangong.Bangungot.
(The!Perfumed!Nightmare)!has!a!nearly!
total!absence!of!“technique”!–!pacing,!
composition,!acting,!rhythm,!budget!–!
that!is!inextricably!bound!up!with!its!
subject,!an!allaaround!ambivalence!
about!American!knowhow.!This!makes!it!
intermittently!sluggish!to!watch,!and!
theoretically!fascinating!to!think!about.!
Combining!autobiography!with!fantasy,!
“magical!realism”!with!cornball!folklore!
and!enchantment!(with!American!
technology)!with!disenchantment,!it’s!as!
unremittingly!screwball!as!a!house!built!
of!chewing!gum!wrappers!and!cigarette!
packs.![…]!Working!with!the!most!
nonexistent!sense!of!rhythm!since!the!
films!of!Daniel!Schmid,!Tahimik’s!
nontechnique!initially!recalls!the!wittier!
stance!of!a!conscious!technical!primitive!
like!Luc!Moullet.!Yet!after!a!bit,!as!it!
becomes!clear!that!Tahimk!has!much!
less!historical!or!critical!knowledge!of!
film!than!Moullet,!one!becomes!equally!
aware!that!he!does.have!a!
metaphorical/conceptual!imagination!of!
some!density.!(The!movie!is!an!
anthology!of!bridges!and!rocketashaped!
structures,!along!with!gumballs,!eggs,!
and!onions.)!Strained!through!Tahimik’s!
impoverished!means!–!Heaven’s.Gate!
cost!4000!times!as!much!to!make!–!this!
quasialiterary!talent!comes!out!looking!
and!sounding!pretty!weird.![…]!Patchy!
throughout,!The.Perfumed.Nightmare!
has!been!aptly!described!by!Tahimik!as!
“an!exercise!in!learning!the!art!of!
filmmaking.”!
!
!
Jonathan!Rosenbaum,!“The!Perfumed!
Nightmare”,!The.Soho.News,!1980!
!
!
TECNOLOGIE%Et!au!XXème!Siècle,!
l’auxiliaire!favori!de!l’asservissement,!
c’est!la!science.!Si!la!croyance!dans!la!
technologie!salvatrice!de!l’humanité!est!
loin!d’avoir!cessé!avec!le!siècle,!tout!de!
même,!il!ne!viendrait!à!l’idée!de!
personne!de!soutenir!que!le!
néolibéralisme!est!une!science.!Le!
socialisme!bureaucratique,!lui,!se!
targuait!d’en!être!une,!et!finit!par!nier!
l’humain!qu’il!prétendait!vouloir!
“!changer!”.!Face!à!cela,!le!supera8!
soviétique!périmé,!le!son!dictaphone!
enregistré!sur!place,!le!développement!à!
la!main,!bref!la!fabrication!artisanale!du!
film,!c’est!une!manière!d’utiliser!des!
moyens!techniques!sur!lesquels!on!peut!
avoir!prise,!sans!être!en!position!de!
maîtrise!absolue.!A!cet!endroit,!le!corps!
à!corps!avec!la!technique!est!encore!
possible!dans!un!rapport!équitable,!où!
les!contraintes!peuvent!donner!des!
idées!et!où!les!imperfections!du!support!
nuisent!à!sa!pseudoatransparence.!Cela!
peut!paraître!paradoxal,!mais,!l’histoire!
du!cinéma!expérimental!prouve!que!
désigné!clairement!comme!tel,!le!
supportafilm!peut!permettre!ce!pas!de!
recul!qui!libère!la!réflexion!et!
l’imaginaire.!Et!vous!direz!que!je!suis!un!
superahuitard,!voire!un!superahuitard!
attardé,!mais!il!me!semble!que!ce!
bricolage!avec!des!procédés!vieux!d’un!
siècle!laisse!plus!de!place!à!cette!part!de!
réel!qui!résiste!à!la!rationalisation!et!que!
certains!s’obstinent!à!appeler!poésie.
%
!
Nicolas!Rey,!La!véritable!histoire!du!voyageur!
solitaire!et!les!raisons!qui!l’ont!poussé!à!
entretendre!son!voyage!(en!guise!de!note!
d’intention),!2001!
!
!
TÉDIO%Dizem!que!o!tédio!é!uma!doença!
de!inertes,!ou!que!ataca!só!os!que!nada!
têm!que!fazer.!Essa!moléstia!da!alma!é!
porém!mais!subtil!:!ataca!os!que!têm!
diposição!para!ela,!e!poupa!menos!os!
que!trabalham!ou!fingem!que!trabalham!
(o!que!para!o!caso!é!o!mesmo)!que!os!
inertes!deveras.
Nada!há!pior!que!o!contraste!entre!o!
esplendor!natural!da!vida!interna,!com!
as!suas!Índias!naturais!e!os!seus!países!
incógnitos,!e!a!sordidez,!ainda!que!em!
verdade!não!seja!sórdida,!de!
quotidianidade!da!vida.!O!tédio!pesa!
mais!quando!não!tem!a!desculpa!da!
inércia.!O!tédio!dos!grandes!esforçados!é!
o!pior!de!todos.
!
!
!
Bernardo!Soares,!Livro.do.desassossego,!1982%
!
!
TELEJORNAL!Sem!programa!definido,!
a!viagem!partiu!de!duas!premissas!
principais:!“a!inexistência!de!uma!
unidade!cultural!em!Portugal!e!a!
!
!
!
constatação!do!desconhecimento!que!
temos!do!país.”!Um!desconhecimento!
provocado!em!grande!parte!pelo!tipo!de!
imagens!erradas!que!são!mostradas:!
“Sempre!tive!a!sensação!de!que!as!
imagens!de!Portugal!que!se!vêem!nos!
telejornais!de!todas!as!televisões!não!
eram!imagens!justas.”!
O!ministro!não!está!no!Parlamento,!
anuncia!o!telejornal.!O!país!também!não.!
E!as!histórias!deste!país!não!precisam!da!
televisão!para!existirem.!Têm!vida!
própria.Campo!de!Flamingos!sem!
Flamingos!começa!com!a!exaustão!de!
um!país!que!vai!oficializando!a!sua!crise!
na!televisão.!Plano!fixo!sobre!uma!telea
visão!e!um!telejornal,!o!ministro!que!não!
está!no!Parlamento,!e!depois!aquilo!que!
parece!um!gesto!de!dissidência,!de!não!
pactuar!com!a!incapacidade!de!reina
venção:!o!filme!parte.
!
!
Vasco!Câmara,!“O!país!já!não!está!ali”,!Público,!
2013!
!
!
TELEVISÃO!A!unidade!de!espaço!e!
tempo!existe!quando!há!uma!situação!
em!que!o!espírito!está!em!todo!o!lado!ao!
mesmo!tempo.!O!meu!corpo!está!ali,!mas!
o!meu!espírito!dispara!na!direcção!da!
minha!história,!das!minhas!associações,!
da!história!de!outras!pessoas,!das!
associações!de!outras!pessoas.!Há!então!
uma!espécie!de!equilíbrio!nesta!ideia!
clássica!de!unidade,!que!nada!tem!a!ver!
com!a!forma!como!vivemos!no!mundo.!O!
papel!da!televisão!nas!nossas!vidas,!
particularmente!nesse!momento…!Acho!
que!a!Guerra!do!Golfo!ainda!não!tinha!
começado,!mas!vamos!nessa!direcção.!A!
televisão!está!sempre!ligada.!A!televisão!
está!sempre!ligada!na!América.!É!parte!
da!unidade!do!espaço!e!do!tempo!–!a!
televisão!a!um!canto!da!sala,!com!o!som!
desligado!ou!ligado!e!as!pessoas!a!fazer!
coisas.!
Assim,!a!pouco!e!pouco!comecei!a!juntar!
o!dispositivo.!Estava!absolutamente!
fascinado!pela!enorme!casa!de!banho.!
Nunca!vira!uma!casa!de!banho!tão!
grande!na!minha!vida.!Sentiaame!
fascinado!pelas!reverberações!entre!esta!
casa!de!banho!e!a!cave!de!Topographie!
des!Terrors,!o!centro!de!tortura!da!
Gestapo!na!cave!era!quase!tão!grande!
!
125
!
como!a!minha!casa!de!banho.!Eu!na!casa!
de!banho.!Depois!queria!uma!televisão,!
porque!naquela!altura!era!uma!parte!
muito!grande!da!minha!vida.!Trabalhei!
muito!naquilo,!passo!a!passo,!e!fiquei!
muito!surpreendido!por!dizerem!que!
era!batota.!Não!me!importo!de!fazer!
batota,!mas!aquilo!foi!estranho,!porque!
no!imaginar!da!situação!envolvi!muito!a!
ideia!de!unidade.!Fiz!o!equivalente!ao!
que!os!músicos!chamam!o!click.track.!É!a!
batida.!Montei!todo!o!tipo!de!peças!dos!
planosasequência!que!começara!por!
fazer!e!que!sempre!acabara!por!cortar!
ao!fim!de!dez!minutos,!por!me!estar!a!
aborrecer.!Monteiaas!numa!certa!ordem!
e!decidi!que!seriam!o!meu!guia!para!
uma!hora!de!improvisação!na!qual!eu!
sofreria!com!o!tempo!–!eu!e!a!câmara!
naquele!lugar!fechado.!Pôrameaia!a!mim!
próprio!na!situação!em!que!já!pusera!
tantas!personagens!e!tantos!humanos!–!
pessoas!que!conheci!–!com!uma!câmara!
apontada!às!caras!deles!e!alguém!a!
pediralhes!que!fossem!eles!próprios.![…]!
Ali!estava!eu,!naquela!situação!.!Tinha!
uma!hora!de!imagens.!Sabia!um!pouco!
do!tempo!das!imagens,!sabia!quanto!
tempo!demorava!cada!um!dos!diferentes!
bocados.!Intimamente!eu!sabia!que!até!
as!primeiras!imagens!da!parede!
aparecerem!na!televisão,!vou!estar!a!
filmar.!Vou!filmar!este!espaço.!Depois!
vou!filmar!a!parede!e!toda!esta!parte!
aqui.!Depois!vou!pôrame!em!frente!à!
câmara.!Isso!só!terminará!quando!ouvir!
(a!coisa!estava!de!tal!forma!montada!
que!eu!não!conseguia!ver!o!televisor)!a!
chegada!deste!novo!material,!seria!essa!
a!minha!deixa.!Havia!uma!vaga!ideia!dos!
blocos!de!material.!Vou!começar!aqui.!
Vou!para!ali.!E!ao!fim!de!quarenta!
minutos,!vou!ler!isto.!A!estrutura!das!
ideias!foi!um!pouco!dada!por!este!
percurso!das!imagens.!Mas!não!a!queria!
preparar.!Queria!que!tivesse!um!
verdadeiro!sentido!de!improvisação!e!a!
possibilidade!de!se!afogar.!E!depois!
havia!aquela!outra!coisa!que!se!não!se!
tem!nada!a!dizer,!então!não!se!diga.!Por!
mim,!tudo!bem.!Ter!a!força!de!estar!ali!
apenas!em!frente!à!câmara,!de!ficar!
sentado!e!deixar!o!tempo!passar.!Houve!
um!take.!Houve!muitas!surpresas.!
126
!
!
!!
Seguiu!em!direcções!que!não!pensei!que!
fosse!seguir.!Quando!ficou!pronto,!não!
consegui!olhar!para!ele.!Limiteiame!a!
mandáalo.![…]
O!Barre!e!eu!fizemos!uma!banda!sonora!
para!Berlim!em!directo.!Sincronizámos!
os!nossos!relógios!e!pusemoanos!ao!
telefone.!Ele!estava!na!sua!capela!no!sul!
de!França.!Houve!um.toq.de.départ.e!ele!
fez!uma!hora.!É!bastante!notável.!
Apeteciaame!muito!pôalo!no!ar.!Claro!
que!a!Arte!disse!que!isso!não!fazia!parte!
das!regras!do!jogo:!nada!de!elementos!
adicionados,!nada!de!misturas!–!e!isso!
requeria!uma!mistura.!Mas!isto!estava!
muito!no!espírito!da!coisa.!Podiaase!
estar!num!outro!país,!com!uma!ligação!
directa!traduzindo!directamente!à!
medida!que!prosseguíssemos.
!
!
!
Robert!Kramer!em!conversa!com!Bernard!
Eisenschitz,!“Pontos!de!partida”,!Robert.Kramer.
(Cinemateca!Portuguesa),!1997!
!
!
TEMPORARY!Russell:!We!visited!some!
islands%in!Norway!for!this!particular!
romantic!sublime!landscape!and!it!was!
too!much,!too!beautiful,!too!easy!to!
understand!how!someone!would!occupy!
the!space,!so!we!ended!up!shifting!of!this!
parameters;!and!something!like!that!
happened!in!every!instance.
Cook:!Yes,!the!idea!of!utopia!that!
underlies!the!film!is!not!about!an!
obvious!presentation!of!the!idyllic,!it’s!
more!intuitive!or!instinctual,!a!state!of!
being.!Does!each!act!present!an!
alternative!utopia?
Rivers:!I!think!you!can!see!them!as!three!
possibilities,!and!there’s!other!
possibilities!out!there!as!well.!The!more!
that!we!talked!about!it!we!got!interested!
in!the!idea!that!utopia!was!something!
inevitably!hard!to!grasp!and!that!you!
don’t!have!to!think!of!it!as!something!
that!is!permanent.
Cook:!A!transient!state.
Rivers:!It!can!be!transient!–
Russell:!–!or!an!activated!state.
Cook:!One!character!in!the!first!part!
mentions!that!parties!are!“temporary!
autonomous!zones,”!which!actually!
seems!to!perfectly!describe!this!idea.!In!
a!way!the!film!is!an!examination!of!
temporary!autonomous!zones.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Rivers:!Once!he!said!that!line!we!always!
knew!it!was!going!to!be!in!the!
film.![laughs]
trousers!are!worn!and!mended!at!the!
buttocks,!the!patches!forming!two!
circles.!He!has!a!beret!with!a!pompom.!
!
!
!
!
Interview!by!Adam!Cook,!“Locarno!2013.!
Temporary!Autonomous!Zones:!A!Conversation!
with!Ben!Rivers!&!Ben!Russell”,!www.!mubi.com,!
2013!
!
!
THOME,%RUDOLF!Born!in!
Wallau/Lahn!(now!Biedenkopf)!on!
14.11.1939;!took!final!school!
examinations!at!a!Christian!boarding!
school!in!Gaienhofen!near!Lake!
Constance!in!1960.!Took!up!studies!in!
German!language!and!literature,!
philosophy!and!history!in!Munich!and!in!
Bonn!in!1960.!Following!a!trip!to!Paris,!
he!began!writing!his!first!film!reviews!
for!the!newspaper!Bonner.
Generalanzeiger!in!1962.!Moved!to!
Munich,!where!he!began!writing!articles!
for!the!periodicals!Filmkritik!and!Film!as!
well!as!for!the.Süddeutscher.Zeitung.!In!
1964!he!collaborated!with!Max!
Zihlmann!and!Klaus!Lemke!on!his!first!
short!film!and!became!managing!
director!of!the!Munich!Film!Critics’!Club!
in!1965.!Worked!as!a!loans!consultant!
for!the!building!society!Neue!Heimstatt!
and!broke!off!his!dissertation!on!Albert!
Paris!Gütersloh’s!novel!Sonne.und.Mond!
to!make!his!first!fullalength!feature!film;!
moved!to!Berlin!in!1973!where!he!wrote!
film!reviews!for!the!newspaper!Der.
Tagesspiegel!and!the!magazine!Hobo.!
Also!worked!for!the!Freunde!der!
deutschen!Kinemathek.!Founded!his!
own!production!company,!Moana!Film,!
in!1977.!In!1981!he!received!the!Guild!
Award!in!the!category!second!best!
German!film!for!Berlin!Chamissoplatz!
and!in!1989!he!received!the!
International!Film!Critics’!Award!in!
Montreal!for!Best!Film!for!The.
Philosopher.!Founded!his!own!
distribution!company,!Prometheus,!in!
1991.
!
!
!
THROW!A!man,!his!back!turned!to!us,!
holds!a!long!harpoon!(a!rope!hangs!from!
it).!It!looks!as!though!he!is!about!to!
throw!it,!standing!on!a!small!boat,!trying!
to!find!balance,!his!left!arm!bent!and!the!
right!one!stretched,!for!thrust.!His!
!
!
!
!
!
!
TRANSPORT!These!shifts!enter!the!
film!through!changes!in!the!quality!of!
our!characters’!attention!as!they!
experience!‘transport,’!both!up!the!hill!
via!the!cable!car!as!well!as!the!spiritual!
movement!that!comes!from!visiting!a!
holy!place.!The!body!and!the!spirit,!the!
sacred!and!the!profane!–!in!our!quiet!
fashion,!we!tried!to!capture!some!part!of!
the!ebb!and!flow!between!them.!For!
hundreds!of!years,!people!had!to!walk!
up!this!hill!to!visit!the!temple.!And!the!
cable!car!changed!that!journey!from!an!
active!experience!into!a!passive!one.!It!
turned!pilgrims!into!passengers.!Which!
makes!me!think!about!how!technology!
has!shifted!people’s!relationship!to!
seemingly!fixed!quantities!like!distance!
and!time,!and!through!these!changes!
altered!basic!social!concepts!like!family,!
religion,!and!tradition.
!
!
Pacho!Velez,!interviewed!by!Lucien!Castainga
Taylor!and!Véréna!Paravel,!2013!
!
!
TRIANGLE!During!Rivers!and!Russell's!
film,!in!the!transition!from!the!first!to!
the!second!part,!and!then!to!the!third,!a!
triangle!appears,!scratched!onto!the!film!
itself,!branded!into!the!black.!The!two!
filmmakers,!one!British!and!one!
American,!sharing!a!first!name!and!
initials!as!though!predestined!to!double!
127
!
and!reflect!in!each!other,!have!often!
shared!similar!creative!journeys,!which!
grew!closer,!intersected!and!have!now!
joined!together.
!
!
Sergio!Fant,!“Two!Directors,!Three!Movements”,!
www.!pardolive.ch,!2013!
!
!
TROJAN%TUBE,%THE!In!culturally!
colonized!countries,!television!is!the!
steady!purveyor!of!alien!values.!Even!
after!the!departure!of!the!last!
administrators/!missionaries/!troops,!
the!sex!&!violence!content!continue!
killing.us.softly!with!Wall!Street!values!
and!consumer!culture.
!
!
Kidlat!Tahimik,!2013!
!
!
TRUTH!It’s!important!to!say!that!
there’s!a!level!of!construction!in!each!
part!of!the!film.!We!brought!some!of!the!
people!to!the!space.![Such!as!Robert!A.A.!
Lowe]!and!some!other!folks,!musicians!
and!cinephiles.!We!were!looking!at!
Chronicle.of.a.Summer!by!Jean!Rouch!
and!Edgar!Morin!as!a!way!of!organizing!
conversations,!also!Robert!Kramer’s!
Milestones,!where!there’s!a!bit!of!
performance!and!direction!in!arriving!at!
a!certain!kind!of!truth.
!
!
Ben!Russell!interviewed!by!Adam!Cook,!
“Locarno!2013.!Temporary!Autonomous!Zones:!
A!Conversation!with!Ben!Rivers!&!Ben!Russell”,!
www.!mubi.com,!2013!
!
!
TSALAL,!an!island!beyond!the!
Antarctic!Polar!Circle,!latitude!83°!20’!
south,!longitude!43°!5’!west,!set!in!a!
ravenablack!sea!and!surrounded!by!
seven!other!islands.!The!coast!is!steep,!
the!interior!covered!by!thick!woodland.!
Its!climate!is!benign!–incredible!for!its!
latitude!–!and!the!sea!around!it!is!free!
from!ice.!The!rocks!are!unusual!because!
of!their!volume,!many!dark!colours!and!
stratifications.!Even!the!vegetation!is!
different!from!any!other!in!the!world.!
The!waters!of!Tsalal!are!unique.!Though!
drinkable,!they!have!the!consistency!of!
gum!Arabic!dissolved!in!water.!When!
running,!the!water!presents!itself!to!the!
eye!in!many!shades!of!violet,!like!shot!
silk,!but!if!it!is!caught!in!a!bowl!it!can!be!
seen!that!the!liquid!is!formed!of!several!
separate!veins,!each!of!a!different!
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!
!!
colour.!These!veins!do!not!intermingle,!
and!though!the!cohesion!among!the!
different!particles!is!perfect,!it!remains!
imperfect!between!vein!and!vein.!If!the!
blade!of!a!knife!is!inserted!through!the!
middle,!the!water!will!immediately!close!
upon!it,!but!if!the!blade!is!inserted!
delicately!between!two!veins,!a!perfect!
separation!is!obtained!and!the!veins!do!
not!come!together!at!once.!
The!inhabitants!are!as!black!as!ebony!
and!wear!their!thick,!woolly!hair!long.!
They!are!as!tall!as!the!average!European!
but!far!more!muscular!and!sturdy.!They!
go!about!naked,!except!for!the!warriors!
who!cover!themselves!with!the!thick,!
soft!skin!of!a!dark,!unknown!animal,!
which!they!drape!around!their!bodies!
with!great!ability.!They!are!armed!with!
dark!wooden!clubs,!flintaheaded!spears!
and!slings.!Their!houses,!of!rather!poor!
design,!are!grouped!in!a!village!called!
KlockaKlock.!Most!of!their!habitations!
are!small!shallow!caves,!dug!out!of!a!
steep!wall!of!black!stone.!Others!consist!
of!a!tree!cut!down!about!four!feet!from!
the!ground!with!a!black!skin!thrown!
over!it!and!hanging!in!loose!folds!under!
which!the!natives!nestle.!Other!houses!
are!formed!by!means!of!rough!branches,!
with!the!withered!foliage!still!on!them,!
made!to!recline!at!a!fortyafiveadegree!
angle!against!a!bank!of!clay,!and!heaped!
up,!without!regular!form,!to!the!height!
of!five!or!six!feet.!Yet!others!are!mere!
holes!dug!in!the!ground!and!covered!
with!branches.!A!few!are!built!among!
the!forked!branches!as!they!stand,!the!
upper!part!being!partially!cut!through,!
so!as!to!bend!over!upon!the!lower,!thus!
forming!a!thicker!shelter!from!the!
weather.!
The!fauna!is!strange.!Among!the!
domestic!animals!is!a!large!creature!
which!resembles!the!common!hog!in!the!
structure!of!the!body!and!the!snout.!The!
tail,!though,!is!bushy!and!the!slender!
legs!are!like!those!of!an!antelope.!Its!
movements!are!exceedingly!awkward!
and!indecisive!and!it!hardly!ever!
attempts!to!run.!There!are!other!similar!
animals!but!of!greater!body!length!and!
covered!with!black!wool.!A!great!variety!
of!tame!fowls!constitute!the!natives’!
!
!
chief!food,!including!a!kind!of!duck,!
black!gannets!and!a!nonacarnivorous!
buzzard.!The!natives!have!also!
domesticated!the!black!albatross!which!
periodically!flies!off!to!sea!but!always!
returns!to!the!villages.!There!is!an!abuna
dance!of!fish!and!turtles.!The!serpents!
on!the!island,!despite!their!formidable!
aspect,!do!not!frighten!the!natives!and!
are!therefore!probably!not!venomous.!In!
the!south,!where!the!black!albatross!
makes!its!nest,!are!many!biches;de;mer.!
The!only!expedition!known!to!have!
reached!Tsalal!was!that!on!board!the!
schooner!Jane.Guy!from!Liverpool,!on!
January!19,!1828.!All!but!two!members!
of!the!expedition!were!massacred.!One!
of!these,!Mr.!Gordon!Pym!of!Nantucket,!
discovered!certain!chasms!in!the!
interior!of!the!island.!In!the!eastern!
extremity!of!the!easternmost!chasm,!Mr.!
Pym!found!carvings!which!exactly!
reproduce!the!Ethiopian!verbal!root!for!
“being!dark,”!from!which!derive!all!
words!indicating!“shadow”!or!
“darkness”;!also!the!Arab!verbal!root!
“being!white,”!from!which!derive!all!
words!meaning!“light”!and!“purity”;!and!
finally!an!Egyptian!word!meaning!
“southern!region”!together!with!a!
human!figure!pointing!south.!It!is!
interesting!to!note!that!very!few!things!
on!the!island!are!white,!that!the!
inhabitants!are!terrified!by!the!mere!
sight!of!that!colour,!and!that!in!the!
southern!region!of!the!island!everything!
is!black.!It!is!possible!that!the!crew!of!
the!Jane.Guy!were!exterminated!because!
of!the!colour!of!their!skin.!A!philological!
examination!of!the!name!of!the!island!
might!perhaps!reveal!some!link!with!the!
characters!so!mysteriously!inscribed!on!
the!walls!of!its!interior.!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Edgar!
Allan!Poe,!The.Narrative.of.Arthur.Gordon.Pym.of.
Nantucket,!New!York,!1838!
!
!
!
!
!
!
TURISMO%Na!primeira!vez!que!viu!a!
ilha,!Marini!estava!amavelmente!
inclinado!sobre!as!poltronas!da!
esquerda,!ajustando!a!mesa!de!plástico!
antes!de!colocar!a!bandeja!do!almoço.!A!
passageira!olharaao!diversas!vezes,!
enquanto!ele!ia!e!vinha!com!revistas!ou!
copos!de!uísque;!Marini!demorava!em!
ajustar!a!mesa,!perguntandoase!
entediado!se!valeria!a!pena!responder!
ao!olhar!insistente!da!passageira,!uma!
americana!entre!muitas,!quando!no!oval!
azul!da!janela!entrou!o!litoral!da!ilha,!a!
franja!dourada!da!praia,!as!colinas!que!
subiam!em!direção!ao!planalto!desolado.!
Marini!sorriu!para!a!passageira,!
corrigindo!a!posição!defeituosa!do!copo!
de!cerveja.!“As!ilhas!gregas”,!disse.!“Oh,!
yes,!Greece”,!respondeu!a!americana!
com!um!falso!interesse.
[…]!A!ilha!tinha!uma!forma!incona
fundível,!era!como!uma!tartaruga!que!
mal!acabasse!de!tirar!as!patas!de!dentro!
da!água.!Demorouase!olhando!para!a!ilha!
até!que!o!chamaram,!desta!vez!com!a!
certeza!de!que!a!mancha!cor!de!chumbo!
era!um!grupo!de!casas;!chegou!a!percea
ber!os!desenhos!de!uns!poucos!campos!
cultivados!que!chegavam!até!a!praia.!
Durante!a!escala!em!Beirute,!examinou!o!
atlas!da!aeromoça!e!se!perguntou!se!a!
ilha!não!seria!Horos.!O!radiotelegrafista,!
um!francês!indiferente,!surpreendeuase!
com!o!seu!interesse.!“Todas!essas!ilhas!
são!parecidas,!há!anos!que!faço!a!linha!e!
muito!pouco!me!interessam.!Sim,!
mostreame!da!próxima!vez.”!Não!era!
Horos!mas!Xiros,!uma!das!várias!ilhas!
situadas!à!margem!dos!circuitos!
turísticos.!“Não!vai!durar!nem!cinco!
anos”,!disse!a!aeromoça!enquanto!
tomavam!um!aperitivo!em!Roma.!“Se!
você!quiser!ir!lá,!ande!depressa;!as!
hordas!chegarão!a!qualquer!momento:!
Gengis!Cook!está!alerta.”!
%
!
!
Julio!Cortázar,!“A!ilha!ao!meioadia”,!1966!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
129
!
!
dictates!his!contexts!and!methods.!With!
its!title!referring!to!a!line!in!Waiting.for.
Godot,!his!latest!film!confirms!this!
movement.!Here!we!are!on!the!island!of!
Tanna,!a!part!of!Vanatu,!an!archipelago!
in!Melanesia.!Strange!rites!are!
performed!(the!hoisting!of!an!
incongruous!flag)!and!Sibylline!words!
are!trotted!out.!On!the!horizon!of!these!
scenes:!the!practice!of!the!“cargo!cult”.!
This!prevaricated!reaappropriation,!as!
we!know,!of!the!supposed!forces!of!the!
Western!world!by!those!ethnic!tribes!
convinced!of!their!magical!powers,!is!
placed!in!the!heart!of!an!indifferent!and!
luxuriant!nature.!Yet!no!analysis!is!made!
here,!no!desire!to!clarify!–!quite!to!the!
contrary,!here!we!are!just!plunged!into!
that!universe.!Only!the!title!appears!to!
offer!us!a!key,!for!what!it!is!worth:!little!
does!it!matter!what!has!been!decided,!as!
unimportant!as!always!and!still!on!the!
brink!of!the!forgotten,!the!importance!is!
at!least!to!have!tried.!Could!the!same!
unpretentious,!almost!obsessive!
stubbornness,!be!present!and!shared!in!
Russell’s!film!work?!
!
resulted!in!a!range!of!injuries!to!twentya
three!people!and!the!deaths!of!three.!It!
also!publicized!Kaczynski’s!case!against!
the!technoaindustrial!system,!which!
Kaczynski!believes!is!society’s!
paramount!problem,!an!alla
encompassing,!subjugating,!destructive!
force!that!must!be!brought!to!an!end!
through!revolution.
UNDER%CONSTRUCTION!Two!red!
flags!against!the!sky!on!the!top!of!two!
enormous!ships!that!stand!on!the!
ground.!You!can’t!tell!the!difference!
between!the!dust!and!the!clouds.
!
!
!
!
Julie!Ault,!“Freedom!Club”,!(FC).Two.Cabins.by.JB,!
2011!
!
!
UNIMPORTANT!For!a!long!while!now,!
!
!
!
UNABOMBER!The!Unabomber!
campaign,!carried!out!between!1978!
and!1995,!targeted!individuals!who!
stood!for!technological!progress,!and!
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!
we!have!all!known!of!the!particular!
characteristics!of!Ben!Russell!to!sail!
unconcerned!and!without!any!particular!
commitment!between!several!genres!of!
work.!From!the!scrupulous!
ethnographic!documentary!to!the!
completely!uninhibited!experimental!
film,!from!some!cutting!political!
reflection!to!the!deep!contemplation!of!
Nature,!from!the!sequence!of!shots!to!
accelerated!editing,!from!the!short!to!the!
long!feature!film,!it!is!always!an!
exploration!moving!towards!a!form!of!
intelligence!combined!with!grace!that!
!
JeanaPierre!Rehm,!FID!Marseille!catalogue,!2013!
!
!
UREPARAPARA%Il!y!a!peu!d'élus!dans!
ce!paradis!terrestre,!si!loin!et!si!petit!que!
le!monde!l'a!oublié!ou!négligé,!le!
nombre!ne!peut!donc!pas!compliquer!les!
relations!entre!les!gens.!Il!y!a!comme!
une!transparence!obligée!de!ces!
relations!directes!entre!les!individus,!
analogue!à!la!clarté!de!l'environnement!
naturel.!Puisque!cette!île!est!sans!
histoire,!hors!de!la!tourmente!du!monde!
et!comme!son!envers,!elle!est!tout!
espace,!la!société!y!est!instantanénient!
visualisable!(il!est!aisé!de!la!filmer!dans!
son!ensemble!comme!en!détail).!Le!
point!de!vue!superficiel!rejoint!son!
exposé!en!profondeur,!jusqu'à!coïncider!
avec!lui:!faire!le!tour!de!l'île!revient!à!
mettre!à!jour,!à!plat,!sa!vérité.!Cette!île!
n'a!pas!de!secret,!toute!la!société!petit!
s'y!résumer!en!graphes,!plans,!cartes,!
schémas!de!parenté,!dessins,!photos!et!
film.!Elle!est!la!figure!du!monde.!Une!
femme!peut!la!porter!sur!ses!épaules!(la!
chemise!de!Cynthia!Beatt)!avec!ces!trois!
mots!:!Paradise!of!Pacific.!Ureparapara!
!
!
!
est!immémoriale,!légendaire,!et!
mystérieuse!son!essence:!elle!est!à!la!
source!de!tous!les!messianismes,!des!
grands!voyages!et!de!la!Conquête!de!
l'Ouest,!elle!existait!déjà!au!cinéma,!dans!
les!contes!fantastiques!et!les!romans!
d'aventures.!C'est!L'Ile.au.Trésor.!C'est!
Tabou,!L'Ile.du.Docteur.Moreau.![…]!
Ureparapara!est!la!preuve!de!l'existence!
de!l'Utopie.!Après!quoi!le!Monde!n'a!plus!
qu'à!recommencer!son!histoire,!
deuxième!version!de!la!Génèse:!
Ureparapara!contient!toute!l'histoire!du!
monde,!c'en!est!la!mémoire!depuis!le!
mythe!de!la!création.!Echanger!un!poste!
de!radio!contre!des!coquillages,!c'est!
aussi!réinventer!la!monnaie.!Les!
ethnologues!investissent!
scientifiquement!leur!terrain,!comme!
une!patrouille!ou!un!commando!
aéroporté!qui!précéderait!de!quelques!
semaines!des!puissances!rivales:!les!
gardesacôtes!français!et!anglais!qui!
sillonnent!la!mer.![…]!Le!relevé!
topographique!est!d'abord!un!outil!
militaire.!Mais!cette!armée!n'est!qu'une!
armée!de!touristes!avec!ses!appareils!
photos,!son!matériel!de!plongée,!ses!sacs!
de!couchage!et!ses!bouteilles!thermos,!
soucieuse!avant!tout!de!son!confort!(la!
monstruosité!du!touriste:!voir!Scarabea!
de!Syberberg).!Mais!ces!allures!de!
vacances!sont!scolaires,!il!faut!faire!de!la!
géographie!et!des!langues,de!la!
botanique!et!du!dessin,!rendre!ses!
devoirs!au!prof,!Cynthia!Beatt:!les!élèves!
se!rebellent.!Derrière!cette!école,!se!
dresse!l'usine,!et!le!salariat!…!Ces!
envahisseurs!ne!sont!que!des!exilés!qui!
fuient!une!Allemagne!trop!policée.!
Car!en!face!d'eux!il!n'y!a!rien,!rien!
qu'une!autre!histoire,!l'histoire!d'autres!
fuites:!celle!des!Mutinés!du!Bounty!qui!
ne!purent!accoster;!celle!des!indigènes!
que!la!famine!chassa!de!leurs!terres!et!
qui!ne!rêvent!que!d'y!retourner.!Et!si!ce!
paradis!n'était!que!la!douceur!
trompeuse!de!l'enfer?!Le!Sauvage!décrit!
aux!réfugiés!de!Berlin!le!manque!d'air!
de!cette!prison,!l'agressivité!de!sa!forme!
et!sa!pollution,!les!abus!de!la!
colonisation,!l’aliénation!impitoyable!du!
travail.!Il!n'y!a!d'ailleurs!pas!de!Sauvages!
sur!cette!île,!il!n'y!a!que!des!Civilisés!
131
!
avec!la!même!histoire!que!les!autres:!
tous!mariés!très!catholiquement!et!
divisé!entre!les!Partis!Politiques!de!
l'Indépendance,!ils!s'appellent!(Georges,!
Charles,!Jonathan!ou!Nickelson;!ils!ont!la!
nostalgie!des!traditions!perdues.!
L'énigme!est!donc!entière:!avant!les!
ethnologues,!avant!le!cinéma,!avant!les!
habitants!de!ReefaIsland,!avant!le!
Bounty,!qu'y!avaitail!sur!cette!île?!
Ureparapara!est!la!réfutation!de!
l'Utopie.
!
!
Yann!Lardeau,!“L’introuvable”,!Cahiers.du.
Cinéma,!1980%
!
!
UTOPIA,!an!island!about!fifteen!miles!
from!the!coast!of!Latin!America,!
formerly!known!as!Sansculottia.!Utopia!
was!originally!connected!to!the!
mainland!by!an!isthmus.!
Utopia!takes!its!present!name!from!
Utopos,!one!of!its!earliest!recorded!
rulers.!As!soon!as!he!had!control!Of!the!
country,!Utopos!had!a!channel!cut!
through!the!isthmus,!transforming!
Utopia!into!an!island.![…]!The!entrance!
channel!is!extremely!dangerous,!being!
studded!with!rocks!and!shoals!
concealed!just!below!the!water!level.!A!
tower!stands!on!the!single!visible!rock.!
Only!Utopians!know!which!are!the!safe!
channels,!and!without!a!local!pilot!it!is!
virtually!impossible!to!enter!the!
harbour!in!safety.!Even!local!sailors!
would!have!difficulty!were!it!not!for!the!
landmarks!erected!along!the!shoreline,!
and!if!the!Utopians!moved!these!
landmarks!it!would!be!easy!for!them!to!
lure!enemy!ships!to!their!destruction.!
[…] There!are!fiftyafour!large!towns!on!
Utopia,!all!built!to!the!same!plan.!The!
minimum!distance!between!them!is!
twentyafour!miles;!the!maximum!no!
more!than!a!day’s!walk.!The!capital,!
Aircastle!or!Amaurote,!is!situated!in!the!
centre!of!the!island!and!is!therefore!
equally!accessible!from!all!areas.!It!is!
built!on!a!gentle!slope!above!the!River!
Nowater!and!is!practically!square,!two!
miles!on!each!side.
[…]!The!houses!take!the!form!of!long!
terraces,!built!in!streets!and!each!
separated!by!a!twentyafoot!carriageway.!
Behind!each!house!is!a!large!garden,!
!
!
!
132
!
!
!!
running!the!whole!length!of!the!street!
and!enclosed!by!the!backs!of!the!
transversal!streets.!Each!house!has!a!
front!door!and!a!back!door,!both!
opening!at!a!touch!and!shutting!
automatically.!All!the!houses!are!faced!
with!flint,!stone!or!brick;!their!roofs!are!
covered!with!a!special!sort!of!concrete!
which!is!extremely!cheap,!but!which!
resists!bad!weather!much!more!
effectively!than!leadait!also!has!the!
advantage!of!being!fireproof.![…]
At!regular!intervals!across!the!
countryside!are!houses!that!provide!all!
that!is!required!for!cultivating!the!land,!
each!house!capable!of!accommodating!
forty!adults!plus!two!slaves!who!are!
permanently!attached!to!each!house.![…]!
Farming!is,!effectively,!the!trade!of!all!
Utopians!and!is!taught!from!an!early!age!
in!school.!In!addition!to!farming,!
everyone!is!taught!a!special!trade,!such!
as!weaving,!spinning,!stonemasonry,!
blacksmithing!and!carpentry.!As!
everyone!wears!the!same!style!of!
clothes,!there!are!no!tailors!or!
dressmakers,!an!arrangement!which!
frees!large!numbers!of!people!for!more!
productive!labour.!Most!children!tend!to!
adopt!the!trade!practised!by!their!
fathers,!but!if!they!choose!to!follow!a!
different!trade!they!are!adopted!by!a!
family!which!practises!it.!Once!a!person!
has!mastered!one!trade,!he!can!get!
permission!to!learn!another;!when!both!
have!been!mastered,!the!choice!is!up!to!
the!individual,!unless!one!trade!is!more!
essential!to!the!public!than!the!other.!
Work!is!the!whole!basis!of!Utopian!
society;!all!men!and!women!work!and!in!
the!average!town!fewer!than!five!
hundred!people!would!be!exempt!from!
work!(for!specific!reasons).!Given!the!
numbers!employed!in!the!work!force!
and!the!concentration!on!useful!trades,!
it!is!not!surprising!that!Utopia!is!so!
prosperous.!Production!is!also!carefully!
planned.![…]!Excess!resources!are!
rapidly!diverted!to!wherever!they!may!
be!needed.!Similar!calculations!are!
applied!to!the!use!of!the!labour!force;!
before!harvest!time,!the!District!
Controllers!notify!the!authorities!of!how!
much!extra!labour!they!will!need!and!
!
!
the!appropriate!number!of!labourers!
appear!at!the!right!time.!The!efficiency!
of!the!economy!means!that!it!has!been!
possible!to!reduce!the!working!day!to!
six!hours!without!producing!any!
shortage!in!essential!goods!or!services.!
The!reduction!of!workers!employed!in!
luxury!or!unnecessary!trades!has!a!
further!beneficial!effect!on!the!economy.!
With!the!entire!population!(or!a!very!
high!proportion!of!it)!occupied!in!useful!
labour,!immense!reserves!can!be!built!
up!and!huge!labour!forces!can!be!
diverted!into!public!works,!such!as!
roadbuilding,!if!necessary.!It!also!means!
that!public!holidays!can!be!declared!
when!there!is!nothing!urgent!to!be!done,!
thus!giving!the!people!an!opportunity!to!
exercise!and!improve!their!minds.!
A!system!of!internal!exchanges!means!
that!no!area!or!town!goes!short!of!
anything!and!that!surplus!produce!can!
be!exported.![…]!The!only!imports,!in!
normal!times,!are!iron,!gold!and!silver.!
As!a!result,!the!Utopians!have!built!up!
immense!gold!and!currency!reserves,!
although!gold!has!no!intrinsic!value!
within!the!country.!The!reserves!are!
kept!to!protect!the!country!in!the!event!
of!war!or!any!other!major!crisis!and!are!
used!either!to!bribe!enemies!or!to!pay!
for!mercenaries!to!fight!for!Utopia!in!
foreign!wars,!should!the!need!arise.!In!
the!past,!the!Utopians!insisted!on!
payment!in!gold,!or!other!currencies,!for!
their!exports;!their!reserves!are!now!
such!that!they!are!indifferent!to!whether!
they!sell!for!cash!or!for!credit.![…].
Politically,!Utopia!is!a!republic!in!which!
there!is!no!private!property!and!in!
which!everyone!takes!seriously!his!duty!
towards!the!community.!No!one!is!rich,!
but!there!is!no!poverty!and!no!one!risks!
going!short!of!anything.!The!public!
storehouses!are!perpetually!full,!thanks!
to!the!efficiency!of!the!economy!and!the!
rationally!planned!distribution!of!
national!resources.!The!abolition!of!
private!property!and!money!has!wiped!
out!the!passion!for!property!and!money;!
it!also!led!to!the!disappearance!of!all!
crimes!and!abuses!connected!with!the!
desire!for!wealth!and!superiority!and,!
!
!
!
!
!
for!the!same!reasons,!poverty!itself!has!
vanished.!
[…]!Although!a!republic,!Utopia!is!not,!
strictly!speaking,!a!completely!
egalitarian!society.!Each!household!
comes!under!the!authority!of!the!eldest!
male.!Wives!are!subordinate!to!their!
husbands,!children!to!their!parents!and!
young!people!to!their!elders.!Slavery!
continues!to!exist.!The!slaves!of!Utopia!
are!not,!however,!nonacombatant!
prisoners!of!war.!The!vast!majority!are!
condemned!criminals!acquired!in!large!
numbers!from!other!countries,!
sometimes!for!a!small!charge,!
sometimes!for!nothing.!In!addition!to!
these!there!are!the!Utopian!criminals.!
Both!groups!are!kept!in!chains!and!are!
forced!to!work!hard,!but!the!nativeaborn!
Utopians!are!treated!much!worse!than!
the!foreigners,!the!argument!being!that!
if!someone!who!has!had!the!benefit!of!a!
good!education!and!a!moral!upbringing!
will!insist!on!becoming!a!criminal,!he!
should!be!punished!all!the!more!
severely.!The!third!category!of!slaves!
consists!of!workingaclass!foreigners!who!
prefer!slavery!in!Utopia!to!the!wretched!
poverty!of!“freedom”!at!home.!They!are!
treated!with!kindness!and!respect,!
although,!being!accustomed!to!it!in!their!
own!country,!they!work!harder!than!the!
citizens!of!Utopia.!They!are!free!to!leave!
the!country!if!they!wish!and!they!receive!
a!small!gratuity!when!they!do.!Not!many!
of!them,!however,!take!advantage!of!this!
arrangement.!
The!Utopians!are!one!of!the!few!nations!
of!earth!to!see!nothing!glorious!in!war!
and!to!consider!it!an!activity!more!
suited!to!animals!than!human!beings.!On!
the!other!hand,!all!members!of!the!
population!receive!military!training,!
irrespective!of!sex,!so!that!the!country!
can!be!defended!if!need!be.!They!are!
also!prepared!to!give!military!support!to!
friendly!nations,!not!merely!to!defend!
their!territories!but!also!to!make!
reprisals!for!acts!of!aggression,!or!to!
defend!the!rights!of!traders!who!have!
been!unjustly!treated!in!foreign!
countries.![…]!In!general,!the!Utopians!
do!not!wish!for!bloodathirsty!victories,!
preferring!if!possible!to!outwit!the!
!
!
133
!
enemy!through!the!power!of!the!intela
lect.!In!accordance!with!this!principle,!
they!make!extensive!use!of!secret!
agents,!and!reward!the!assassination!of!
enemy!rulers.!Lists!of!those!supporting!
antiaUtopian!policies!in!enemy!countries!
are!distributed!and!prizes!offered!for!
their!capture!or!death.!There!is!no!limit!
to!the!amount!of!money!that!Utopia!is!
willing!to!pay!to!traitors!in!the!enemy!
camp.!Although!the!Utopians!are!somea
times!criticized!for!this!“dishonourable”!
conduct,!they!argue!that!it!is!more!
sensible!to!settle!major!wars!by!such!
means!than!to!fight!battles!and!kill!
thousands!of!innocent!people.!A!final!
cause!of!war!is!the!Utopian!attitude!
towards!colonization.!If!Utopia!becomes!
overpopulated,!a!certain!number!of!
people!are!detailed!to!start!a!colony!on!
the!mainland,!wherever!there!is!a!large!
area!that!has!not!already!been!taken!
over!by!the!natives.!The!natives!are!
allowed!to!join!in!the!colony!and!
become!part!of!the!Utopian!community.!
If!they!refuse!to!accept!Utopian!orders,!
they!are!expelled!from!the!area!and,!if!
they!resist,!war!is!immediately!declared.!
The!Utopians!consider!it!perfectly!
justifiable!to!declare!war!when!a!
country!refuses!to!use!the!land!and!then!
goes!on!to!deny!others!the!right!to!use!it.!
[…]!One!of!the!most!ancient!principles!of!
the!Utopian!constitution!is!religious!
tolerance,!and!a!variety!of!faiths!coexist!
quite!peacefully.![…]!The!majority!of!the!
population!agree!that!there!is!a!single!
divine!power!which!is!quite!beyond!
human!understanding,!diffused!
throughout!the!universe!not!as!a!
physical!substance!but!as!an!active!
force.![…]!The!people!of!Utopia!also!bea
lieve!in!the!existence!of!rewards!and!
punishments!after!death;!anyone!who!
thinks!differently!has,!they!claim,!lost!
the!right!to!be!considered!a!human!
being,!as!he!is!degrading!his!immortal!
soul!to!the!level!of!an!animal’s!body.!
Such!people!are!held!in!general!
contempt!and!are!not!allowed!to!hold!
any!public!office,!but!they!are!not!
punished!or!terrorized!into!concealing!
their!beliefs.!They!are!not!allowed!to!
preach!their!views!in!public,!but!in!
!
134
!
!
!!
private!they!are!actually!encouraged!to!
discuss!them!as!the!Utopians!are!
convinced!that!this!kind!of!delusion!
must!eventually!collapse!in!the!face!of!
rational!argument,!There!are!
materialists!in!Utopia,!but!these!are!a!
minority.!At!the!opposite!extreme!are!
those!who!claim!that!animals!too!have!
immortal!souls,!although!of!an!inferior!
nature!to!that!of!man.!Most!of!the!
population!believe!that!they!can!please!
God!by!studying!the!natural!world,!but!a!
significant!minority!are!led!by!their!
religious!beliefs!to!neglect!the!pursuit!of!
knowledge!and!simply!to!spend!their!
lives!doing!good!works!of!various!kinds.!
The!Utopians!are!further!divided!into!
two!main!sects.!One!of!these!sects!
believes!in!celibacy,!abstains!from!meat!
and!in!some!cases!from!all!animal!foods;!
they!renounce!the!pleasures!of!this!
world!and!long!only!for!the!life!to!come.!
The!other!sect!has!no!objection!to!
pleasureaprovided!that!it!does!not!
interfere!with!workaapproves!of!
marriage!and!believes!that!procreation!
is!a!duty!to!one’s!country!and!to!human!
nature.
[…]!Utopians!believe!that!a!kind!god!
created!them!to!be!happy.!This!helps!to!
explain!the!attitude!to!pleasure!of!the!
sect!that,!unlike!the!Cotobrethren,!has!
not!renounced!the!pleasures!of!this!
world.!They!deliberately!cultivate!the!
higher!forms!of!pleasure.!It!is,!they!
argue,!the!duty!of!every!human!being!to!
make!his!or!her!way!through!life!as!
comfortably!and!happily!as!possible!and!
to!help!others!to!do!the!same.!
Effectively,!this!principle!governs!the!
entire!system!of!the!distribution!of!
goods!and!wealth;!assuming!that!the!
laws!have!been!justly!drawn!up,!it!is!
only!right!to!consult!one’s!own!interests!
and!those!of!the!community!at!large!..!It!
would!be!wrong!to!deny!someone!else!a!
pleasure!simply!so!that!one!can!enjoy!it!
oneself.!At!the!same!time,!selfadenial!of!
minor!pleasures!usually!means!that!the!
benefit!will!be!repaid!in!kind.!Utopians!
thus!argue!that,!in!the!final!analysis,!
pleasure!is!the!ultimate!aim!of!all!human!
beings,!evenaif!not!especiallyawhen!they!
are!acting!most!virtuously.!It!is!further!
!
!
argued!that!pleasure!is!any!state!that!is!
naturally!enjoyable,!the!emphasis!being!
on!the!word!“naturally,”!which!means!
that!many!of!the!soacalled!pleasures!of!
other!countries!are!dismissed!as!being!
illusory.!All!forms!of!dandyism,!
conspicuous!consumption,!gambling!and!
hunting!are!considered!to!belong!to!this!
category;!in!no!way!do!they!give!real!
pleasure!to!the!individual.!Hunting!is!
particularly!abhorrent!to!the!Utopians,!
who!cannot!see!why!anyone!should!find!
pleasure!in!the!barking!and!yapping!of!
dogs,!not!to!mention!the!mutilation!of!
small!animals!for!no!reason!at!all.!In!
Utopia,!killing!is!quite!below!the!dignity!
of!freemen!and!is!left!to!butchers,!all!of!
whom!are!slaves.!
A!similar!attitude!governs!the!way!in!
which!Utopians!regard!silver!and!gold.!
From!a!logical!point!of!view,!they!are!
less!important!to!material!life!than!iron,!
and!the!efficiency!of!their!economic!
system!means!that!the!individual!has!no!
need!to!hoard!gold.!Excessive!interest!in!
personal!wealth!therefore!is!classified!as!
an!illusory!pleasure.!In!order!to!prevent!
gold!taking!on!the!importance!it!has!in!
other!countries,!a!curious!scale!of!values!
has!been!evolved.!Plates!and!drinking!
vessels!are!beautifully!designed,!but!
they!are!made!out!of!cheap!glass!or!
earthenware.!Gold!and!silver,!however,!
are!the!normal!materials!for!the!most!
humble!items!of!domestic!use,!such!as!
chamber!pots.!Slaves!are!fettered!with!
gold!chains!and!those!guilty!of!the!most!
shameful!crimes!are!forced!to!go!around!
wearing!gold!rings!and!necklaces.!The!
same!applies!to!jewels,!which!are!
commonly!found!in!the!island,!but!which!
are!not!valued!by!Utopians.!
[…]!On!the!other!hand,!real!pleasures,!
both!mental!and!physical,!are!highly!
valued.!Mental!pleasures!include!the!
satisfaction!of!understanding!something!
or!contemplating!the!truth.!Physical!
pleasures!are!subdivided!into!two!
categories:!the!first!type!includes!those!
pleasures!which!fill!the!whole!body!with!
a!conscious!sense!of!enjoyment,!such!as!
the!discharge!of!some!excess!or!the!
release!of!tension;!the!second!type!acts!
in!a!mysterious!fashion!on!the!senses!
!
!
!
!
!
themselves,!in!the!way!that!music!
monopolizes!the!interests!of!the!senses!
without!a!true!organic!need.!Such!
pleasures,!it!is!believed,!are!dependent!
upon!good!health,!a!condition!which!is!
actively!encouraged!in!Utopia.!
The!sick!are!given!every!possible!
attention!and!are!provided!with!every!
kind!of!medicine!that!could!aid!their!
recovery.!But!if!the!disease!is!incurable,!
the!patient!is!visited!by!a!priest!or!
government!official!who!tries!to!
convince!him!or!her!of!the!possible!
advantages!of!voluntary!euthanasia.!If!
the!patient!agrees!that!life!is!simply!a!
torture!chamber!and!that!it!would!be!
preferable!to!seek!a!better!world,!he!
either!starves!himself!to!death!or!is!
given!a!soporific!that!will!kill!him!
painlessly.!Euthanasia!is!regarded!as!an!
honourable!death,!but!those!who!
commit!suicide!for!inadequate!or!
frivolous!reasons!are!denied!the!benefit!
of!both!cremation!and!burial!and!their!
corpses!are!unceremoniously!thrown!
into!a!pond.!
Marriage!customs!involve!certain!
peculiarities,!at!least!from!a!visitor’s!
point!of!view.!Girls!cannot!marry!until!
they!are!eighteen!and!boys!have!to!wait!
two!years!longer.!Anyone,!male!or!fea
male,!convicted!of!having!premarital!
intercourse!is!punished!and!is!
disqualified!from!marriage,!unless!the!
sentence!is!remitted!by!the!Mayor.!Their!
guardians!are!also!punished,!for!
allowing!them!to!transgress!in!this!way.!
The!logic!behind!this!is!that!few!people!
would!marry!and!spend!their!entire!
lives!with!one!person,!with!all!the!
problems!that!entails,!if!they!were!not!
prevented!from!having!intercourse!
outside!marriage.!Before!marriage!is!
contracted,!the!groom!and!bride!see!
each!other!naked!in!the!presence!of!a!
chaperone!in!order!to!avoid!problems!
arising!from!physical!dissatisfaction.!
Marriage!is!monogamous!and!the!only!
causes!for!divorce!are!adultery!or!
intolerable!behaviour.!In!cases!of!
adultery,!the!innocent!party!may!
remarry,!but!the!guilty!partner!is!
condemned!to!celibacy!for!life.!In!
exceptional!cases,!divorce!is!allowed!on!
!
!
135
!
grounds!of!incompatibility,!when!both!
husband!and!wife!have!found!partners!
who!seem!likely!to!make!them!happier.!
[…] The!treatment!of!wouldabe!or!actual!
seducers!highlights!one!curious!aspect!
of!Utopian!law:!anyone!who!fails!in!an!
attempted!crime!is!punished!for!the!
crime!nonetheless.!Utopian!lawyers!
argue!that!as!it!was!not!the!criminal’s!
fault!that!he!did!not!succeed!in!
committing!the!crime,!there!is!no!reason!
why!he!should!not!be!punished!for!it.!
However,!Utopia!has!very!few!laws;!in!
fact,!one!of!its!major!criticisms!of!other!
countries!is!that!their!penal!codes!are!
too!lengthy.!Utopians!argue!that!it!is!
quite!unjust!to!have!laws!that!are!too!
abstruse!for!an!ordinary!person!to!read!
and!understand.!Furthermore,!they!
claim!that!each!man!can!plead!his!own!
cause!better!than!a!hired!professional.!
[…]!Much!of!the!life!of!Utopia!is!
communal.!Meals,!for!instance,!are!
usually!taken!in!communal!dining!
rooms,!where!the!women!of!different!
households!take!turns!to!prepare!the!
food.!Young!and!old!are!seated!in!such!a!
way!that!they!always!sit!with!their!
contemporaries!while!also!mixing!with!a!
different!age!group.!The!theory!is!that!
respect!for!the!old!discourages!bad!
behaviour!among!the!young,!especially!if!
everything!they!do!or!say!is!certain!to!be!
!
!
noticed!by!the!people!sitting!next!to!
them.![…]
The!people!are!kind!and!hospitable,!
welcoming!with!open!arms!the!few!
travellers!who!reach!their!shores.!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Sir!
Thomas!More,!Utopia,!London,!1516!
!
!
UTOPIA,%CINEMA%AS!One!of!the!most!
important!realizations!that!I!had!
through!the!making!of!this!film!was!that!
cinema!was,!in!fact,!one!of!our!best!
vehicles!for!realizing!utopia.!During!a!
conversation!about!his!experience!in!the!
Santiago!de!Compostela!pilgrimage,!
Tuomo!(he’s!the!Finn!who!tells!the!
asshole!story!in!the!film,!also!the!subject!
of!our!next!collaboration)!proposed!that!
utopia!only!exists!in!the!present,!that!it!
can!only!be!realized!in!the!now.!Cinema!
is!a!medium!that!is!likewise!always!
arriving!(as!the!future)!and!receding!(as!
the!past)!simultaneously.!It!is!only!alive!
when!we!are!alive!with!it,!when!we!
share!our!time!and!allow!our!space!to!be!
occupied.!It!can!only!happen!as!
experience!in!the!present,!and!its!
capacity!to!produce!worlds!unto!itself!
positions!cinema!as!a!very!real!site!for!
utopia.!For!Thomas!More,!Utopia!was!a!
noaplace,!a!construct;!taken!positively,!
this!is!cinema!defined.
!
!
Ben!Russell!interviewed!by!Michael!Sicinski,!
Cinema.Scope!56,!2013!
!
!
!
VELEZ,%PACHO!is!a!little!bored!by!
sober!filmmaking.!He!prefers!its!
drunken!side!–!poor!aesthetic!choices,!
intemperate!political!stances,!and!
staggering!formal!structures.!In!2010,!he!
completed!his!MFA!at!CalArts.!He!now!
works!and!teaches!between!New!York!
and!Boston.!Pacho!is!a!fellow!at!the!
Harvard!Film!Study!Center!and!an!
affiliate!of!the!Sensory!Ethnography!Lab.!
His!new!film,!Manakamana!(coadirected!
with!Stephanie!Spray,!produced!by!
Lucien!CastaingaTaylor!and!Véréna!
Paravel)!premiered!this!summer!and!
won!a!Golden!Leopard!at!the!Locarno!
Film!Festival.!His!previous!film!and!
theater!work!have!been!featured!
worldwide.
%
!
!
VIEWPOINT%Berlin.10/90!attempts!to!
overcome!the!problems!raised!by!Our.
Nazi!in!two!ways.!The!first!is!an!effort!to!
renounce!the!privileges!of!the!creatora
asaGod!–!a!denial!of!the!viewpoint!that!
looks!down!from!on!high.!In!works!that!
make!us!strongly!feel!the!artist’s!
viewpoint,!the!controlling!power!in!this!
136
!
!
!!
vision!comes!from!filming!the!world!as!
it!exists!only!within!the!artist’s!context.!
However,!reality!exists!beyond!this!
singular!viewpoint.!How!can!this!solid!
reality!be!allowed!to!take!root?!Kramer!
places!himself!as!physicalaexistenceaina
theaworld!inside!his!video!as!subject,!
and!conducts!experiments!that!confront!
history!and!society!with!this!external!
self!–!thereby!creating!contradictions!
within!his!internal!self.!The!camera!he!
trains!on!himself!is!sometimes!operated!
by!remote!control,!at!other!times!by!
hand.!The!external!and!the!internal!are!
not!merely!in!conflict!with!each!other!–!
egoaconsciousness!has!countless!
intersections!with!the!external,!and!the!
world!existing!in!front!of!the!ego!is!just!a!
single!point!in!the!line!of!time.
In!order!to!dynamise!the!structure!of!the!
video,!Kramer!sets!up!a!television!in!the!
bathroom,!screening!images!he!had!
previously!shot!and!edited!of!Berlin!in!
1990.!The!camera!swings!between!the!
video!images!on!the!TV!screen!and!
Kramer!sitting!on!a!chair!in!the!
bathroom,!speaking!into!the!camera.!It!
%
137
!
becomes!clear!by!the!end!that!the!
bathroom!is!a!metaphor!for!the!
concentration!camp!showers,!and!that!
his!shaved!head!is!a!metaphor!for!neoa
Nazism.
!
!
Robert!Kramer!em!conversa!com!Bernard!
Eisenschitz,!“Pontos!de!partida”,!Robert.Kramer.
(Cinemateca!Portuguesa),!1997!
!
!
VIH%(ORIGEM%DO%VÍRUS%DA%SIDA)%
Desde!a!descoberta!do!VIH!no!início!dos!
anos!80,!a!sua!origem!tem!sido!objecto!
de!debates!e!discussões!intensas,!muitas!
vezes!contaminadas!por!posições!
ideológicas!e!interesses!específicos.!O!
VIH!pertence!ao!grupo!dos!retrovírus!e!é!
um!lentivírus,!e!como!todos!os!vírus!
deste!grupo,!ataca!o!sistema!
imunológico.
Lentivírus!significa!literalmente!“vírus!
lento”!porque!leva!um!período!longo!até!
que!os!seus!efeitos!sejam!visíveis!no!
corpo.!São!comuns!em!vários!animais!
que!compartem!o!ambiente!com!o!
homem,!como!gatos,!ovelhas,!cavalos!e!
gado.!Contudo,!o!lentivírus!que!
despertou!a!atenção!nessa!investigação!
foi!o!VIS!(vou!referialo!como!Simian!
Immunodeficiency!Virus,!SIV)!que!afecta!
os!símios.
Após!10!anos!de!investigação,!em!
Fevereiro!de!2009,!um!grupo!de!
investigadores!da!Universidade!do!
Alabama!anuncia!ter!descoberto!uma!
variante!do!SIV!que!era!quase!idêntica!
ao!HIVa1.!Afirma!que!o!VIH!provém!de!
chimpanzés!e!que!em!algum!momento!
atravessou!a!barreira!entre!espécies.!
Dois!anos!mais!tarde!publicam!um!novo!
estudo!na!revista!Nature!onde!afirmam!
que!chimpanzés!selvagens!
contaminados!com!duas!variantes!
distintas!do!SIV!se!tinham!recombinado!
por!“sexo!viral”,!dando!origem!a!um!
terceiro!vírus!capaz!de!contaminar!
humanos,!um!processo!comum!na!
transmissão!entre!espécies.
Questões!sobre!o!momento!em!que!
aconteceu!essa!transmissão!(ou!
zoonose)!e!o!que!terá!levado!à!expansão!
do!VIH!têm!dado!origem!a!teorias!
diferentes!e!em!alguns!casos!
contraditórias;
%
!
!
!
a)!Teoria!do!“caçador”:!o!SIVcpz!teria!
sido!transferido!como!resultado!da!caça!
e!consumo!de!chimpanzés!por!humanos,!
ou!pelo!contacto!do!seu!sangue!com!
cortes!ou!feridas.
b)!Teoria!da!(OPV)!vacina!polio!oral:!o!
jornalista!e!investigador!Edward!Hooper!
publicou!em!1999!The.River,!um!extenso!
livro!onde!sugeria!que!o!HIV!podia!ser!
associado!a!uma!vacina!contra!a!
poliomielite!que!teria!sido!dada!a!cerca!
de!um!milhão!de!pessoas!em!vários!
países!africanos!(Congo!Belga,!Ruanda,!
Urundi),!fabricada!a!partir!de!células!de!
chimpanzés!locais!portadores!de!SIV.
c)!Teoria!da!“agulha!contaminada”:!nos!
anos!50,!as!seringas!descartáveis!não!
eram!usadas.!Em!países!pobres!era!
comum!a!utilização!da!mesma!seringa!
para!administração!de!vacinas!ou!
drogas!a!diferentes!pessoas,!e!essa!
prática!teria!levado!à!transmissão!de!um!
caçador!infectado!a!grupos!de!
populações.
d)!Teoria!do!colonialismo:!esta!teoria!
baseiaase!também!na!ideia!de!uma!
transmissão!através!da!caça!e/ou!
consumo!de!carne!de!símios,!mas!
defende!que!no!final!do!século!XIX!ou!
início!do!século!XX,!na!região!da!África!
equatorial!francesa!e!do!Congo!Belga,!o!
domínio!colonial!era!particularmente!
violento!e!muitos!africanos!eram!
forçados!a!integrar!campos!de!trabalho!
com!condições!sanitárias!e!alimentares!
degradadas,!o!ambiente!ideal!para!a!
propagação!do!VIH!a!partir!de!alguém!
infectado.
A!teoria!da!vacina!polio!oral!foi!
encarada!com!desconfiança!e!
indisponibilidade!pela!indústria!
farmacêutica,!o!que!levantou!dúvidas!a!
cientistas!de!várias!áreas.!O!mais!
proeminente!foi!William!D.!Hamilton,!
um!conceituado!evolucionista!e!um!dos!
pilares!da!sociobiologia,!que!2000,!deixa!
Oxford!na!companhia!de!um!jovem!
biólogo!evolucionista!(Michael!
Worobey).!Partem!para!uma!expedição!
arriscada!a!Kisangani!(perto!do!rio!
Congo),!onde!o!laboratório!belga!que!
produzia!as!vacinas!mantivera!os!
chimpanzés!em!cativeiro.
!
!
!
!
!
Cinquenta!anos!mais!tarde,!a!área!tinha!
sido!invadida!pela!selva,!e!efectuar!
recolhas!de!dejectos!de!chimpanzés!
selvagens!para!poder!isolar!partículas!
de!vírus!revelouase!um!pesadelo.!Essa!
aventura!no!meio!da!guerra!civil!na!
República!Democrática!do!Congo!teve!
um!final!inesperado;!Worobey!feriuase!
numa!mão!e!a!ferida!rapidamente!
infectou.!Hamilton!foi!afectado!pela!
malária.!Ambos!tiveram!que!ser!
evacuados!de!urgência.!Após!semanas!
de!sofrimento,!sempre!acompanhado!
por!Worobey,!Hamilton!sucumbiu!a!uma!
febre!hemorrágica!intestinal.
Worobey!só!veio!a!encontrar!traços!de!
SIV!em!duas!amostras!de!urina!de!
chimpanzés,!insuficientes!para!
confirmar!a!hipótese!de!Hamilton.!
Frustrado!pelos!resultados,!regressa!em!
2003!e!consegue!isolar!100!amostras!
com!variantes!de!SIV!que!lhe!permitem!
verificar!se!o!VIH!é!resultante!de!SIV!de!
chimpanzés!descendentes!dos!
exemplares!mantidos!em!cativeiro!no!
laboratório!belga.
Depois!de!completar!o!trabalho!de!
laboratório,!consegue!estabelecer!uma!
árvore!genética!das!várias!amostras!de!
vírus!da!região!de!Kisingani.!São!
suficientemente!afastadas!entre!si!e!do!
VIH!para!que!a!transmissão!ao!homem!
tenha!ocorrido!no!período!de!tempo!em!
que!as!vacinas!foram!administradas.!A!
transmissão!terá!sido!anterior.
A!equipa!da!Universidade!do!Alabama!
concentraase!na!investigação!do!HIVa1!
grupo!M!(responsável!pela!maioria!das!
mortes!em!todo!o!mundo).!Organiza!
uma!rede!alargada!de!recolha!de!
amostras!de!chimpanzés!no!sul!dos!
Camarões!e!finalmente!encontra!perto!
do!rio!Sangha!(afluente!do!rio!Congo,!
descoberto!para!os!europeus!por!Diogo!
Cão!em!1483),!versões!do!SIV!quase!
indistinguíveis!do!HIVa1.!A!transmissão!
inicial!terá!ocorrido!aí.!O!rio!é!de!difícil!
navegação,!mas!comunidades!próximas!
descem!através!do!rio!Congo!até!
Kinshasa,!a!cidade!mais!próxima!com!
dimensão!e!densidade!suficiente!para!
originar!uma!epidemia,!a!um!passo!das!
províncias!do!Uíge,!Zaire!e!Cabinda!em!
Angola.
!
!
!
!
138
!
!
!!
!
!
!
Worobey,!intrigado!por!esta!descoberta,!
procura!amostras!de!biopsias!efectuadas!
no!Congo!Belga!no!final!dos!anos!50.!
Depois!de!muitas!tentativas!e!emails,!a!
Universidade!do!Kinshasa!envia!para!o!
seu!laboratório!no!Amazona!biopsias!
conservadas!em!parafina.!Worobey!
encontra!amostras!de!tecidos!linfáticos!
com!VIH.!O!trabalho!de!“multiplicação”!
das!partículas!demora!vários!meses.!
Finalmente,!comparaaas!com!uma!
amostra!de!sangue!com!HIV!recolhida!
num!marinheiro!proveniente!do!
Kinshasa!em!1959.!Tinha!estado!
congelada!nos!EUA!desde!então!e!fora!
redescoberta!recentemente.
Analisando!as!mutações!dos!vírus!e!os!
seus!“relógios!genéticos”,!Worobey!
consegue!estabelecer!com!precisão!a!
janela!de!tempo!em!que!a!transmissão!
ocorreu;!entre!1884!e!1924.!Estudos!
posteriores!estreitam!a!janela!no!final!
do!século!XIX,!pouco!tempo!depois!da!
fundação!de!Kinshasa,!em!1881.!No!seu!
artigo!publicado!na!revista!Nature!em!
Outubro!de!2008!estabelece!a!ligação!
entre!o!início!da!infecção!e!a!presença!
dos!primeiros!aglomerados!urbanos!e!
centros!administrativos!e!comerciais!
coloniais.!Kinshasa!permitiu!à!região!
tornarase!o!epicentro!da!pandemia!de!
HIV!e!sida.
O!VIH!da!região!do!Sangha!desceu!pelo!
rio!Congo!até!Kinshasa,!que!se!tornou!
rapidamente!a!maior!cidade!interior!da!
África!subasaariana,!e!desse!epicentro!
expandiuase!para!todo!o!globo!em!rotas!
que!hoje!são!conhecidas.
Coincidências?
Durante!as!noites!de!insónia!que!
acompanharam!o!ano!de!tratamentos!
experimentais,!pensei!várias!vezes!no!
nictógrafo,!uma!invenção!de!Lewis!
Carrol!que!lhe!permitia,!com!um!sistema!
de!pontos!e!linhas,!tomar!notas!e!
registar!ideias!durante!a!noite,!na!
completa!escuridão.
W.!D.!Hamilton!foi!um!dos!primeiros!
defensores!da!hipótese!da!Rainha!
Vermelha,!inspirada!na!personagem!do!
Alice.do.Outro.Lado.do.Espelho,!que!
defende!a!origem!do!sexo!como!uma!
forma!de!recombinação!de!genes!que!
permite!a!defesa!contra!parasitas.!Esta!
!
!
!
!
!
139
!
hipótese!foi!proposta!por!Leigh!Van!
Valen!(1935!–!2010),!outro!biólogo!
evolucionista!com!uma!obra!fascinante.!
A!sua!hipótese!foi!confirmada!
experimentalmente!pela!primeira!vez!
por!cientistas!da!Universidade!de!
Liverpool!no!ano!da!sua!morte.
!
!
Joaquim!Pinto,!2013!
!
!
VILLINGS,!an!island!in!the!Pacific!
Ocean,!sometimes!incorrectly!believed!
to!be!part!of!the!Ellis!or!Tuvalu!
Archipelago.!It!is!probably!not!far!from!
the!port!of!Rabaul,!New!Britain,!from!
where!the!first!chronicler!of!the!island!
departed!on!his!travels.!Persecuted!for!a!
crime!he!believed!he!had!not!committed,!
the!chronicler!first!heard!about!Villings!
from!an!Italian!merchant!in!Calcutta.!Aca
cording!to!the!merchant’s!information,!
Villings!was!the!centre!of!a!mysterious!
illness!that!killed!by!acting!from!the!skin!
inwards,!causing!the!hair!and!nails!of!
the!victim!to!fall!out,!then!the!skin,!the!
cornea,!until!finally!the!whole!body!
collapsed!eight!to!fifteen!days!later.!In!
spite!of!this!warning,!the!chronicler!
resolved!to!escape,!and!reached!the!isa
land!in!the!early!1940’s.!
Villings!had!been!inhabited!in!1924!by!a!
few!whites!who!had!built!a!museum!
here,!a!chapel!and!a!swimming!pool,!all!
of!which!were!then!abandoned.!When!
the!fugitive!reached!Villings!he!was!
surprised!by!these!ruins!and!by!the!
vegetation:!only!young!saplings!seemed!
to!be!healthy;!the!rest!of!the!trees!were!
almost!dead.!
Exploring!the!ruins,!the!fugitive!found!
that!the!swimming!pool!was!full!of!
vipers,!frogs!and!water!insects,!and!that!
the!museum!–!a!threestorey!building!
with!a!cylindrical!tower!–!comprised!
fifteen!rooms!decorated!with!many!
paintings!among!which!were!a!few!
Picassos.!One!of!the!rooms!housed!a!
deficient!library,!containing!novels,!
books!of!poetry!and!plays,!and!only!one!
scientific!treatise,!Bellidor’s!Travaux,.Le.
Moulin.Perse,!1737.!The!dining!room,!
some!sixty!metres!by!twelve,!was!
surrounded!by!four!seated!statues!of!
Indian!or!Egyptian!gods,!three!times!the!
size!of!a!man.!
!
!
!
140
!
!
!!
Suddenly,!without!seeing!any!ship,!plane!
or!dirigible!reach!the!island,!the!fugitive!
noticed!a!great!number!of!people!
dancing,!walking!or!swimming!in!the!
fetid!pool!with!as!much!comfort!as!
summer!tourists!in!Marienbad.!An!
excessive!gramophone!overpowered!the!
sound!of!the!wind!and!the!sea!with!
Valencia!and!Tea.for.Two.!For!several!
days!and!nights,!the!fugitive!watched!the!
company,!falling!in!love!with!a!certain!
Faustine!and!always!ignored!by!her.!At!
last!he!learnt!the!truth.!
The!island!had!been!bought!by!a!
scientist!and!man!of!the!world,!a!certain!
Morel,!who!chose!Villings!as!the!stage!
for!one!of!his!exciting!experiments!in!the!
exact!imitation!of!life.!Morel!had!built!a!
mechanism!that!could!reproduce!in!
three!dimensions!objects,!plants,!people,!
creating!a!double!of!reality,!faithful!to!
the!original!even!in!touch!and!smell.!In!
this!way!Morel!could!keep!forever!the!
image!of!his!friends!repeating!their!
actions!and!preserving!their!youth.!
However,!the!rays!necessary!to!register!
a!copy!of!the!original!living!persons!
proved!deadly!to!the!subjects;!this!was!
the!cause!of!the!island’s!mysterious!
epidemic.!The!chronicler,!having!by!
mistake!touched!one!of!the!rays,!
presumably!died!after!completing!his!
account!of!Villings.!It!is!not!known!
whether!the!spectacle!still!takes!place!or!
whether!it!is!dangerous!nowadays!for!
travellers!to!visit!the!island.!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Adolfo!
Bioy!Casares,!La.invención.de.Morel,!Buenos!
Aires,!1941!
!
!
VISUAL%BOND%The!poor!image!thus!
constructs!anonymous!global!networks!
just!as!it!creates!a!shared!history.!It!
builds!alliances!as!it!travels,!provokes!
translation!or!mistranslation,!and!
creates!new!publics!and!debates.!By!
losing!its!visual!substance!it!recovers!
some!of!its!political!punch!and!creates!a!
new!aura!around!it.!This!aura!is!no!
longer!based!on!the!permanence!of!the!
“original,”!but!on!the!transience!of!the!
copy.![…]The!circulation!of!poor!images!
thus!creates!“visual!bonds,”!as!Dziga!
Vertov!once!called!them.!This!“visual!
bond”!was,!according!to!Vertov,!
supposed!to!link!the!workers!of!the!
world!with!each!other.!He!imagined!a!
sort!of!communist,!visual,!Adamic!
language!that!could!not!only!inform!or!
entertain,!but!also!organize!its!viewers.!
In!a!sense,!his!dream!has!come!true,!if!
mostly!under!the!rule!of!a!global!
information!capitalism!whose!audiences!
are!linked!almost!in!a!physical!sense!by!
mutual!excitement,!affective!
attunement,!and!anxiety.![…]%The!poor!
image!is!no!longer!about!the!real!
thing—the!originary!original.!Instead,!it!
is!about!its!own!real!conditions!of!
existence:!about!swarm!circulation,!
digital!dispersion,!fractured!and!flexible!
temporalities.!It!is!about!defiance!and!
appropriation!just!as!it!is!about!
conformism!and!exploitation.
In!short:!it!is!about!reality.
%
!
!
Hito!Steyerl,!In.Defense.of.the.Poor.Image,!2011!
!
!
VITESSE%Chez!Nicolas!Rey,!la!base!du!
montage!est!formée!par!une!série!de!
photogrammes!limitée,!et!repose!parfois!
même!sur!le!photogramme!isolé.!Selon!
le!mode!d'enregistrement,!c'estaàadire!
selon!le!degré!de!réduction!de!la!vitesse!
du!défilement!du!film!dans!la!caméra,!il!
peut!s'agir!seulement!de!quelques!
photogrammes,!ou!d'un!plan!assez!
court,!qui!sera!ensuite!étiré,!remodulé!et!
adapté!au!rythme!des!24!images.!Une!
suspension,!une!accentuation!de!
quelques!moments!choisis!tiendra!
ensuite!au!fait!que!ces!plans,!à!la!fois!
accélerés!(par!les!ellipses!à!
l'enregistrement)!et!ralentis!(par!la!
multiplication!photogrammatique!au!
tirage),!sont!toujours!isolés!par!de!longs!
passages!au!noir.!Parfois,!grâce!au!
montage!effectué!à!la!prise!de!vue,!ils!
forment!de!petites!unités!condensées,!
qui!peuvent!être!reprises!au!cours!du!
film!;!mais!toujours!les!distinguent!la!
fragilité!de!leur!apparence,!leur!
discontinuité!marquée.!Par!leur!
fugitivité!insistante,!ces!plans!se!situent!
d'emblée!du!côté!du!souvenir.!Par!leur!
engloutissement!récurrent!dans!du!noir,!
ils!se!présentent!comme!des!éclats!
visuels,!venus!au!secours!d'une!voix!
toujours!au!présent,!qui!essaye!de!
!
!
!
s'approcher!et!de!témoigner!d'un!monde!
traversé!par!le!poids!du!passé.!Si!cette!
parole!est!parfois!hâtive,!parfois!
hésitante,!c'est!aussi!qu'elle!réagit!à!
quelque!chose!que!nous!ne!pouvons!
voir,!mais!qu'elle!tente!de!nous!faire!
imaginer.!Ce!qu'en!revanche!nous!
voyons,!ce!sera!souvent!quelque!chose!
qui!n'est!pas!décrit!ou!nommé!par!la!
voix,!quelque!chose!qui!nous!parle!
autrement.!Les!plans!nous!parlent!par!
leurs!variations!de!grandeur!et!de!
vitesse,!grâce!à!un!éventail!de!formes!
plastiques,!qui!s'étend!de!détails!fixes!et!
saccadés!(ainsi,!un!mur!pâle!et!délabré),!
aux!défigurations!striées!de!vues!prises!
en!mouvement!(ainsi,!des!plans!bougés!
sur!une!piste!sibérienne).
!
!
Christa!Blümlinger,!“!L’electricité,!moins!les!
soviets!”,!Images.de.la.culture,!2003!
!
!
VIZINHANÇA!A!atitude!radical!do!
ilhéu!é!chegar!à!porta!da!casa!e!
interrogar!o!mar.
!
!
Vitorino!Nemésio,!Corsário.das.Ilhas,!1956!
!
!
VLADIMIRO,%JOÃO!Licenciatura!em!
Design!Gráfico!na!Faculdade!de!Belas!
Artes!da!Universidade!do!Porto.!De!1999!
a!2012!integra!a!companhia!Circolando!
e!com!eles!corre!3!continentes!com!os!
espectáculos!Caixa.Insólita,!Giroflé,!
Cavaterra,!Charanga,!Quarto.Interior!e!
Mansarda.!Em!2006!realiza!Pé.na.Terra,!
com!o!qual!recebe!o!prémio!de!melhor!
realizador!português!de!curtaametragem!
no!3º!Indie!Lisboa.!Em!2007!realiza!o!
documentário!Jardim.!Estreia!no!Doc!
Lisboa!2008!e!passa!por!Festivais!
internacionais!como!FID!Marseille!e!Mar!
de!Plata!(Argentina).!Em!2008!dá!uma!
formação!intensiva!de!um!mês!na!área!
do!documentário!na!ilha!de!S.!Miguel!
juntamente!com!Frederico!Lobo!e!Tiago!
Hespanha.!Com!a!coreógrafa!Madalena!
Victorino,!colabora!como!
criador/intérprete!nos!espectáculos!
Vale!e!Flecha.!Em!2013!acaba!a!sua!
segunda!longa!metragem,!Lacrau,!
estreada!no!10º!Indie!Lisboa!e!com!a!
qual!ganha!os!prémios!de!Melhor!Longa!
Metragem!Portuguesa!e!Árvore!da!Vida,!
passando!depois!por!vários!festivais!
internacionais.!Está!de!momento!em!
141
!
montagem!do!documentário!sobre!a!
criação!do!espectáculo!A.Lã.e.a.Neve,!da!
coreógrafa!Madalena!Victorino.
!
!
!
VULCÃO%É!o!eu!de!baixo!que!sobe!à!
superfície.!É!a!crosta!exterior!que!estala,!
cedendo!a!um!irresistível!impulso.!
Operavaase,!pois,!nas!profundezas!deste!
eu,!e!sob!estes!argumentos!muito!
razoavelmente!justapostos,!uma!
efervescência!e,!por!isso!mesmo,!uma!
tensão!crescente!de!sentimentos!e!de!
ideias,!não!inconscientes,!sem!dúvida,!
mas!que!não!queríamos!advertir.
!
!
Henri!Bergson,!Ensaio.sobre.os.dados.imediatos.
da.consciência,!1888!
!
!
!
WAVE%The!sea!is!barely!wrinkled,!and!
little!waves!strike!the!sandy!shore.!Mr.!
Palomar!is!standing!on!the!shore,!
looking!at!a!wave.!Not!that!he!is!lost!in!
contemplation!of!the!waves.!He!is!not!
lost,!because!he!is!quite!aware!of!what!
he!is!doing:!he!wants!to!look!at!a!wave!
and!he!is!looking!at!it.!He!is!not!
contemplating,!because!for!
contemplation!you!need!the!right!
temperament,!the!right!mood,!and!the!
right!combination!of!exterior!
circumstances;!and!though!Mr.!Palomar!
has!nothing!against!contemplation!in!
principle,!none!of!these!three!conditions!
applies!to!him.!Finally,!it!is!not!“the!
waves”!that!he!means!to!look!at,!but!just!
one!individual!wave:!in!his!desire!to!
avoid!vague!sensations,!he!establishes!
for!his!every!action!a!limited!and!precise!
object.![…]!These!aspects!vary!
constantly,!so!each!wave!is!different!
from!another!wave,!even!if!not!
immediately!adjacent!or!successive;!in!
other!words,!there!are!some!forms!and!
sequences!that!are!repeated,!though!
irregularly!distributed!in!space!and!
142
!
!
!!
time.!Since!what!Mr.!Palomar!means!to!
do!at!this!moment!is!simply!see!a!wave!–
that!is,!to!perceive!all!its!simultaneous!
components!without!overlooking!any!of!
themaahis!gaze!will!dwell!on!the!
movement!of!the!wave!that!strikes!the!
shore!until!it!can!record!aspects!not!
previously!perceived;!as!soon!as!he!
notices!that!the!images!are!being!
repeated,!he!will!know!he!has!seen!
everything!he!wanted!to!see!and!he!will!
be!able!to!stop. In!any!case,!Mr.!Palomar!
does!not!lose!heart!and!at!each!moment!
he!thinks!he!has!managed!to!see!
everything!to!be!seen!from!his!
observation!point,!but!then!something!
always!crops!up!that!he!had!not!borne!in!
mind.!If!it!were!not!for!his!impatience!to!
reach!a!complete,!definitive!conclusion!
of!his!visual!operation,!looking!at!waves!
would!be!a!very!restful!exercise!for!him!
and!could!save!him!from!neurasthenia,!
heart!attack,!and!gastric!ulcer.!And!it!
could!perhaps!be!the!key!to!mastering!
the!world's!complexity!by!reducing!it!to!
its!simplest!mechanism.
!
!
!
Italo!Calvino,!Palomar,!1983!
!
143
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WE%SHALL!We!shall!go!on!to!the!end.!
We!shall!fight!in!France,!we!shall!fight!
on!the!seas!and!oceans,!we!shall!fight!
with!growing!confidence!and!growing!
strength!in!the!air,!we!shall!defend!our!
island,!whatever!the!cost!may!be.!We!
shall!fight!on!the!beaches,!we!shall!fight!
on!the!landing!grounds,!we!shall!fight!in!
the!fields!and!in!the!streets,!we!shall!
fight!in!the!hills;!we!shall!never!
surrender.
!
!
Winston!Churchill,!4!June!1940!
!
!
WEIGHT%Now!many!seasons!of!
abundance!have!filled!the!granaries.!The!
rivers!in!flood!have!borne!forests!of!
beams!to!support!the!bronze!roofs!of!
temples!and!palaces.!Caravans!of!slaves!
have!shifted!mountains!of!serpentine!
marble!across!the!continent.!The!Great!
Khan!contemplates!an!empire!covered!
with!cities!that!weigh!upon!the!earth!
and!upon!mankind,!crammed!with!
wealth!and!traffic,!overladen!with!
ornaments!and!offices,!complicated!with!
mechanisms!and!hierarchies,!swollen,!
tense,!ponderous.
The!empire!is!being!crushed!by!its!own!
weight'!Kublai!thinks,!and!in!his!dreams!
now!cities!light!as!kites!appear,!pierced!
cities!like!laces,!cities!transparent!as!
mosquito!netting,!cities!like!leaves'!
veins,!cities!lined!like!a!hand's!palm,!
filigree!cities!to!be!seen!through!their!
opaque!and!fictitious
thickness.
%
!
!
!
!
!
WESTERN!To!say!that!the!subject!of!
The.Forgotten.Space!is!the!global!
transformation!of!labor!caused!by!
container!cargo!shipping!is!like!saying!
that!Wagon.Master!is!a!Western.
!
!
Olaf!Möller,!Film.Comment.NovaDec!2010!
!
!
WHITE%MAN’S%ISLAND,!an!island!
located!at!an!unspecified!point!in!the!
Irish!Sea,!where!the!ancient!Druids!live.!
Whenever!sailors!try!to!approach!it,!the!
island!disappears.!Only!one!man!has!
ever!been!able!to!land,!having!sailed!
there!on!a!small!piece!of!rock!taken!from!
a!cemetery.!However,!he!never!came!
!
!!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Hersart!
de!Villemarque,!Romans.de.anciens.Bretons,!
Paris,!n/!d!!
!
!
WHOLE%AND%PART%What!I!find!so!
maddening!is!the!kind!of!historical!
documentary!shown!on!television.!
Those!documentaries!are!so!neatly!
packaged!that!they!give!the!impression!
of!being!comprehensive.!I!feel!that!it!is!
my!obligation!is!to!remind!viewers!that!
they’re!only!seeing!a!tiny!part!of!the!
story.!Again,!it!doesn’t!mean!you!can’t!
learn!anything!from!documentary,!but!
the!danger!lies!in!creating!a!totalizing!
account.!This!is!illustrated!so!eloquently!
in!Claude!Lanzmann’s!Shoah.!The!film!is!
nine!hours!long!and!after!that!nine!
hours!you’re!left!thinking!–!right,!and!
this!could!be!another!nine!hours!and!
another!nine!hours.!The!film!is!very!
specific!in!what!it!covers!and!makes!no!
claim!to!cover!everything.!In!that!way,!it!
approaches!not!only!the!magnitude!and!
complexity!of!the!Holocaust,!but!the!
magnitude!and!complexity!of!history.
And!certainly,!the!history!of!the!Vietnam!
War!demands!so!much!more!than!any!
single!film!could!say.!Partly!why!I!work!
so!slowly!is!my!unwillingness!to!simplify!
the!relationships!between!things,!even!
as!a!lay!researcher.
build!up!the!future!continent,!of!golden!
and!silver!sands!and!the!ruins!of!forests,!
with!antalike!industry!
!
!
Henry!David!Thoreau,!A.Week.on.the.Concord.
and.Merrimack.Rivers,!1849!
!
!
WRIST!A!bald!man!with!thick!
eyebrows!sits!in!front!of!the!camera.!He!
is!wearing!a!greenish!tank!top!and!
looking!straight!at!us.!With!one!hand!he!
holds!his!other!wrist;!there!is!a!ring!on!
his!finger.!The!white!tiles!covering!the!
wall!behind!him!might!indicate!this!is!a!
bathroom,!the!water!dripping!offascreen!
in!the!halfafull!tub.!
!
!
!
!
!
%
!
!
Rebecca!Baron!interviewed!by!Janet!Sarbanes!
“The!Idea!of!Still”,!Still.Moving:.Between.Cinema.
And.Photography,!2008!
!
!
Italo!Calvino,!Invisible.Cities,!1972!
144
!
back!to!tell!of!his!experience,!so!nothing!
more!is!known!about!this!island.!
WOMB!An!island!always!pleases!my!
imagination,!even!the!smallest,!as!a!
small!continent!and!integral!portion!of!
the!globe.!I!have!a!fancy!for!building!my!
hut!on!one.!Even!a!bare,!grassy!isle,!
which!I!can!see!entirely!over!at!a!glance,!
has!some!undefined!and!mysterious!
charm!for!me.!There!is!commonly!such!a!
one!at!the!junction!of!two!rivers,!whose!
currents!bring!down!and!deposit!their!
respective!sands!in!the!eddy!at!their!
confluence,!as!it!were!the!womb!of!a!
continent.!By!what!a!delicate!and!fara
fetched!contribution!every!island!is!
made!!What!an!enterprise!of!Nature!
thus!to!lay!the!foundations!of!and!to!
!
!
!
145
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!
XIROS,!an!island!in!the!Aegean!Sea,!
which!can!be!reached!by!a!special!boat!
from!Rynos,!or!by!the!ferry!that!calls!
here!once!every!five!days!to!leave!
provisions!and!to!collect!the!fishermen’s!
catch.!The!people!are!Greek!and!their!
main!occupation!is!the!catching!of!
octopuses.!
From!a!distance,!especially!at!midday,!
Xiros!looks!remarkably!like!a!turtle!with!
its!legs!in!the!air.!The!south!coast!is!
uninhabitable,!but!towards!the!west!is!a!
Lydian!or!GrecoaMycenaean!colony.!
Visitors!should!note!the!two!stone!
pillars!supporting!the!pier,!decorated!
with!hieroglyphics!and!discovered!by!a!
certain!Professor!Goldmann.!
The!main!characteristic!of!the!island!is!
that!once!seen,!even!from!afar,!it!cannot!
be!forgotten.!Its!image!will!haunt!the!
traveller!throughout!his!life,!he!will!pine!
for!its!white!sand!and!scorching!sun,!and!
%
!
146
!
when!at!last!he!sets!his!feet!on!Xiros,!he!
will!enjoy!the!utter!bliss!of!having!
reached!a!muchalongedafor!haven.!
However,!this!joy!will!be!shortalived,!
and!after!a!few!hours!of!peaceful!exula
tation!death!will!overtake!him.!
This!odd,!haunting!characteristic!of!
Xiros!is!also!found!in!an!object!called!
zahir,!which!can!appear!under!one!of!
several!forms:!a!twentyacent!Argentine!
coin,!a!tiger,!a!blind!man,!an!astrolabe,!a!
small!compass,!a!vein!in!one!of!the!
twelve!hundred!marble!pillars!of!the!
Mosque!of!Cordova,!the!bottom!of!a!well!
in!Tetuan.!Any!of!these!things,!once!
seen,!cannot!be!torn!from!one’s!
memory.!
!
!
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Jorge!Luis!
Borges,!“EI!Zahir,”!in!El.Aleph,!Buenos!Aires,!
1949;!Julio!Cortazar,!“La!isla!a!mediodia,”!in!
Todos.los.fuegos.el.fuego,!Madrid,!1976!
!
!
!
YOUKALI,!an!island!almost!at!the!end!
of!the!world.!Its!only!inhabitant!is!a!fairy!
whose!mission!is!to!welcome!desolate!
travellers.!Any!lost!soul!arriving!at!
Youkali!is!invited!to!tour!the!island,!
which!will!assume!the!shape!of!that!
soul’s!keenest!desires!and!most!longeda
for!delights.!Youkali!has!been!described!
as!the!End!of!All!Sorrow,!the!Land!of!
Exchanged!Vows!and!Reciprocated!Love,!
the!Hope!That!Lies!at!the!Core!of!Every!
Human!Heart.!Certain!travellers!report!
that!there!is!no!such!place!and!that!
Youkali!is!nothing!but!a!desperate!
daydream;!such!reports!are!not,!
however,!conclusive.
%
!
Alberto!Manguel!&!Gianni!Guadalupi!–!Kurt!
Weill!&!Roger!Fernay,!“Youkali:!Tango!Haa
banera,”!New!York,!1935!
!
!
YOYO!Thirty!years!after!its!debut,!
Tahimik's!first!film!reascreened!during!
the!1st!Bagong!Agos!Film!Festival,!
alongside!its!many!descendants!in!
cause.!I!can!only!imagine!the!reactions!
of!its!viewers!when!it!was!released!–!the!
film!looks!brazenly!cheap,!Tahimik's!
editing!felt!more!mundane!than!artful.!It!
looked!like!a!stitchedatogether!home!
video;!which!is!probably!the!reason!why!
most!foreign!critics!consider!it!as!semia
autobiographical!(Tahimik!was!quick!to!
respond!that!he!was!never!a!jeepney!
driver).!In!Tahimik's!amateurish!
methods,!we!sense!a!delightful!
familiarity,!or!a!very!welcoming!attitude!
that!seemingly!invites!us!to!explore!his!
world!–!a!world!which!I!thought!mixed!
real!conventions!of!history!and!
geography!with!Tahimik's!unique!
imaginative!sense.!
Midway!through!the!feature,!the!sound!
started!deteriorating!and!Tahimik,!
whose!improvisation!is!probably!his!
greatest!cinematic!talent,!danced!his!
way!to!the!front!of!the!theater!wearing!
only!a!bahag.(native!gastring).!He!finally!
gave!up!on!modern!technology!(the!
same!way!his!alter!ego!in!Mababangong.
Bangungot!did)!and!told!his!story!the!
only!possible!way!he!could!think!of,!
without!the!help!of!modern!technology.!I!
was!too!enchanted!with!the!imagery!of!
jeepneys!being!constructed,!of!little!boys!
147
!
getting!circumsized,!of!his!tattooed!pal!
saying!farewell,!to!make!out!any!of!what!
Tahimik!was!doing!–!it!looked!like!he!
was!improvising!the!Filipino's!first!trip!
to!the!moon.!I!thought!that!moment!was!
quite!an!intimate!surprise!–!the!present!
Tahimik!is!as!lively,!youthful,!and!
imaginative!as!the!Tahimik!thirty!years!
ago!in!his!debut!feature;!and!he!is!still!
insanely!in!love!with!his!culture;!telling!
everyone!that!the!yoyo!is!a!Filipino!
invention,!that!the!moon!buggy!is!a!
Filipino!invention,!that!the!highatech!
digital!projectors!imported!from!abroad!
can't!equal!the!power!of!basic!
storytelling.!After!a!few!minutes!of!
Tahimik's!act,!the!sound!was!finally!
restored.
!
!
Oggs!Cruz,!“Mababangong!Bangungot”%
oggsmoggs.blogspot.pt,!2007!
!
!
!
ZENITH%Rappelons!que!le!divin!
corsaire!écrivait!quelque!part!:!”!La!
vérité!n'est!pas!dans!un!seul!rêve,!mais!
dans!beaucoup!de!rêves!”.!Une!antienne!
en!forme!de!manifeste,!et!que!cette!
édition!2013!a!réactivée!avec!une!
certaine!mæstria.!On!ne!sait!plus!très!
bien!s'il!s'agissait!de!lutter!contre!les!
cauchemars!ou!de!céder!aux!délices!du!
rêve,!mais!nombreuses!furent!les!
expériences!sensibles!qui!fabriquaient!
un!abandon,!une!brèche!féconde!vers!
des!“!ailleurs!“!:!une!vraie!expérience!de!
spectateur.!On!pense!ainsi!à!Lacrau,!du!
Portugais!João!Vladimiro!(auteur!
de!Jardim,!en!2006),!en!compétition!
internationale.!La!première!moitié!du!
film!consiste!en!une!exploration!quasi!
documentaire!d'une!région!agricole!du!
Nord!du!Portugal.!Le!réalisateur!évoque!
“!un!voyage!de!la!ville!vers!la!nature!”!et!
il!s'agit!en!effet!de!s'éplucher!le!regard,!
urbain!et!saturé!de!signes,!pour!mieux!
coller!à!la!terre,!aux!paysages,!mais!aussi!
aux!pratiques!paysannes.!Le!film!
commence!façon!ethno!mais!assez!vite,!
le!travail!musical!qui!l'accompagne!et!les!
148
!
!
!!
phrases!doucement!mystiques!de!Stig!
Dagerman!qui!scandent!le!voyage,!
mettent!la!puce!à!l'oreille!sur!la!vraie!
nature!du!film.!Il!s'agit!en!réalité!d'un!
voyage!mental,!qui!creuse!auadelà!du!
paysage,!notre!capacité!d'émotion!face!à!
la!nature,!ici!présentée!sans!artifice,!
sans!nostalgie.!Un!paysage!est!façonné!
par!des!Hommes,!et!Lacrau.s'inscrit!
dans!cette!réalité!bien!tangible,!en!
faisant!le!pari!de!l'unité!à!retrouver.!À!la!
recherche!du!sensualisme,!et!d'une!
conversation!rénovée!avec!la!nature,!le!
film!se!déploie!dans!sa!seconde!partie!
comme!un!magnifique!tableau!vivant.!La!
musique!(entre!baroque,!
expérimentations!électroniques!et!rock!
sourd)!s’élève!et!nous!avec,!jusqu'à!ce!
plan!final,!extraordinaire!:!un!
tournoiement!d'oiseaux,!de!nuit,!comme!
emportés!par!une!psalmodie!de!
Meredith!Monk.!Ce!film!se!vit!sur!la!
durée,!qu’il!faut!accepter!sauf!à!être!
condamné!à!l’égarement.
!
!
Arthur!Logibar,!“!FID!Marseille!2013:!la!fabrique!
du!regard!”,!www.gaitealyrique.net,!2013!
!
%
149
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ZERO!Não!se!opera!a!própria!criação!a!
partir!da!ilha!deserta,!mas!a!reacriação,!
não!o!começo,!mas!o!reacomeço.!Ela!é!
origem,!mas!a!origem!segunda.!A!partir!
dela!tudo!recomeça.
!
%
Gilles!Deleuze,!A.Ilha.deserta.e.outros.textos,!
1953a1974!
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150
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Kidlat Tahimik is a young man living in a
small Filipino village. As the film opens, we
see him in three stages of life (symbolized by
toy and then real "jeepneys," the elaborately
recrafted and decorated vehicles that have their
origins in the Jeeps left by the Allies in World
War II) crossing the bridge – “the bridge of
life” - to his village. Narrating in voiceover,
Tahimik explains the patterns of daily life in
the village. He has a fascination with the Voice
of America broadcasts, and particularly with
the space program. He longs to be part of the
developed world, and forms the Werner von
Braun fan club. When an American arrives for
an aborted international conference, he gets his
chance. The American asks him to come to
Paris, to run his chewing-gum-ball machine
concession on the streets. In Paris, and on a
trip to Germany, he makes friends and
discovers that progress in the developed world
sacrifices important values. Backgrounded by
footage of a summit meeting in Paris, and
unable to return to an idealized image of his
past, he stubbornly refuses to capitulate to the
terms of progress, resigning from his post as
head of the Werner von Braun fan club and
maintaining that he will find his own way.)
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