1. Name of the Department: Fisheries Hydrography 2. About Department: 3. Department-wise distribution of course credits: DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES HYDROGRAPHY Sr No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sr. No. Sem No. Term No. I I I II II IV V VI VI Course Code F HY 111 F HY 112 F HY 113 F HY 124 F HY 125 F HY 226 F HY 317 F HY 328 F HY 329 Course No. Credits 1+1 1+1 2+1 2+1 1+1 1+1 2+1 1+1 1+0 12+08 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 1 20 Department and Courses Meteorology and Geography Techniques of Soil Analysis Limnology Physical Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Marine Biology Aquatic Biodiversity Aquatic pollution Coastal Zone Management Semester Credits SEMESTER- I 4 F HY 111 Theory Practical Meteorology and Geography 1+1 2 Nature of Atmosphere: weather and climate. Composition of atmosphere, structure of atmosphere. Green house effect, Global warming Temperature: periodic, horizontal and vertical temperature variations; Humidity and water vapour: relationship between temperature and humidity; distribution of water vapour in atmosphere; evaporation. Condensation and precipitation: process of conditions of condensation, forms of condensation. Precipitation; forms of precipitation, rainfall in India and AP. Clouds and thunderstorms: amount of cloudiness; ceiling; classification of clouds; conditions of cloud formation; reporting and identification of clouds; thunderstorms. Atmospheric pressure: pressure units; meaning of Atmospheric pressure; the laws of Gases; pressure units; vertical, horizontal and periodic variations; isobars and pressure gradients. Wind: characteristics of wind motion; factors effecting wind motion. Terrestrial or planetary winds; planetary pressure belts. Planetary wind system; secondary winds. Planetary wind system; monsoon winds; land and sea breeze. Tropical cyclones: storm divisions; pressure and winds; vertical structure of storm centre; hurricane, hurricane warning. Weather forecasting: forecasting process; role of satellite in weather forecasting. Introduction to Geography; shape, size and structure of the earth. Concepts of latitude, longitude, and great circles. Model globe, maps and different types of projections; cartography; landscape. Meteorology: Graphic representation of structure of atmosphere; physical layering and compositional layering. Temperature 1 5 F HY 112 Theory Practical 6 F HY 113 Theory Practical instruments: simple thermometers; six's Max-Min Thermometer; thermograph. Isotherms: world mean temperatures-January to July. India means temperatures - January to July. Humidity measurement: hygrometer; psychrometer; relative humidity; dew point. Condensation: observation and identification of various types of clouds. Precipitation: measurement of rainfall using rain gauge. Mapping Indian monsoons: south-west monsoon and rainfall in June, North-east monsoon and rainfall in December; isohyetsAtmospheric pressure measurement: fortin's mercurial barometer; Aneroid barometer. Isobars; India mean pressure - Jan to July. Wind observation and measurement: wind vane; cup anemometer. Ideal terrestrial/planetary pressure and wind systems: diagrammatic representation. Geography: The Earth: diagrammatic representation of shape, size, structure, Zones, latitudes, longitudes and great circles. Typical landscape mapping; map reading. Geographical terms used in landscape Techniques of Soil Analysis 1+1 2 Standard solutions dilute solutions units of concentration. Acid, base, salts; Hydrogen ions, concept of pH and buffer. Physical properties of soil; soil color. Soil texture, soil structure, pore size, bulk density, water holding capacity, soil types and their distribution. Soil chemistry soil colloids, cations exchange, organic carbon, carbon nitrogen ratio, soil fertility. Soil characteristics: origin and nature of soils. Laboratory glass wares and equipment used in water and soil analysis. Soil reactions: Acidity, Alkalinity, Conductivity. Saline soils. Alkali soils, acid sulphate soils, iron pyrites, soil reclamation. Soil quality criteria/ requirements for aquaculture. Lime manures, fertilizers, micronutrients, zeolites, alum, gypsum. Principles of Titrymetry, Gravimetry, Potentiometry, Conductometry, Refractometry. colourimetry, Turbidimetry, Spectrophotometry (UV, Visible, Flame, AAS), computerized instrument system. Determination of soil texture, soil pH, conductivity, soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and organic carbon. Limnology 2+1 3 Introduction to limnology: inland water types, their identities and distribution. Ponds and lakes; streams and rivers; dynamics of lentic and lotic environments. Lakes their origin and their diversity: famous lakes of the world and India; Nature of lake environment; morphometry, physical and chemical conditions biological relations Plankton: planktonic organisms; classification of plankton; distribution of plankton: geographic, vertical, horizontal and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton: Aquatic plants: character, classification, zonation. limnological role. Nekton: distribution, movements. Benthos: classification; periphyton; zonation; Distribution; movements, profundal bottom fauna. Biological productivity: classification of lakes based on productivity; quantitative relationships in a standing crop; trophic dynamics; successional phenomena; indices of productivity of lakes. Lotic environments: running waters in general; physical conditions. Classification of lotic environments, biological conditions; Productivity of lotic environments. Determination of physical characteristics of water. Determination of 2 chemical characteristics of water. Study of plankton periphyton, benthos, aquatic insects and macrovegetation Estimation of primary productivity in fresh water bodies. SEMESTER-II 4 F HY 124 Theory Practical 5 F HY 125 Theory Practical Physical Oceanography 2+1 3 Oceanography-definition & branches of oceanography. World's major oceans. National & International institutes of Oceanography The earth and the ocean basin, distribution of water and land; relief of sea floor; ‘Major feature of Topography and Terminology; Major Divisions: Continental margin. Ocean basin floor, Mid ocean ridge system. Deep sea trenches and deeps. Oceanic heat budget Relief in Indian oceans. Ocean Waves: Definition and terms; classification Difference between surface and long waves; wave theories; surface wave generation; spreading growth; Beaufort Scale; Spilling and breaking waves; long waves. Tsunamis, Seiches, internal waves. Ocean Tides: Definition; Tidal phenomenon, elementary tidal definition; Tidal inequalities; tide producing forces, types of tides, tidal bores, and tide prediction. Ocean Currents: Definitions and features; Direct and indirect methods forces acting on sea waters; drift currents, Ekman spirals, upwelling, sinking, gradient currents; Thermohaline circulation; characteristics; course, significance of some major ocean currents of the world. El-Nino. Physical properties of sea water: Salinity, Temperature; thermal properties sea water; other properties of sea water; Residence time of constituents in seawater. absorption of radiation; eddy conductivity; diffusivity and viscosity. Properties of sea ice; Transmission of sound; absorption of radiation; General distribution of temperature, salinity and density: Salinity and temperature of surface layer (SST), subsurface distribution of temperature and salinity;The T-S diagram;water masses of Indian oceans. Operation of oceanographic instruments- Nansen reversing water sampler. Reversing thermometer, CTD. Bathythermograph. Grabs. Corers. Current meters. Tidal gauges. Echo-sounder. Bottom topography of ocean. Submersibles Chemical Oceanography 1+1 2 Definition, electronic configuration of water molecule. Chemistry of sea water: Constancy of composition; elements present in sea water; artificial sea water. Dissolved gases in sea water; Carbon dioxide system and alkalinity, Inorganic agencies affecting composition of sea water. Distribution of phosphorous, nitrogen compounds and silicates in the oceans, Factors influencing the distribution of nutrients. Determination of DO, CO2, Salinity, Alkalinity, Nitrates, phosphates and silicates in sea water. SEMESTER-III- NIL SEMESTER-IV 3 4 F HY 226 Theory Practical Marine Biology 1+1 2 Introduction: Divisions of marine environment- pelagic, benthic, euphotic, aphotic divisions and their subdivisions. Populations of oceans - general account of major groups of phytoplankton, sea weeds, major zooplankton groups. Environmental factors affecting life in the oceans- salinity, temperature, light, currents, waves, tides, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Marine food chains and food webs. Primary , secondary and tertiary production vertical migration of zooplankton, 'Phytoplankton-Zooplankton relationship, geographical and seasonal variation in plankton production, plankton and fisheries. Benthos- a life in rocky, sandy, and muddy shores. Mud banks Coral reefs. Boring and fouling organisms. Bioluminescence and indicator species, Red tides. Study of common instruments used for collection of plankton and benthos. Collection, preservation and analysis of phytoplankton, zooplankton, sea weeds, mangroves and benthos. SEMESTER-V 5 F HY 317 Theory Practical 13+9 22 Aquatic Biodiversity 2+1 3 Ecology: Definition; Ecological Hierarchy; Subdivisions of Ecology, Ecosystem: Principles and concepts; Examples of Ecosystems: Production and Decomposition; Homeostasis of the Ecosystem, Energy flow: Definition; Concepts of Productivity; Biogeochemical Cycles: Patterns and Basic types, cycling of Organic nutrients; Pathways, Limiting factors and governing laws. Ecological Indicators. Community Ecology: The biotic community. Ecological Dominance; community analysis; species diversity in communities; patterns in communities, ecotones. Population ecology: population group prosperities, population density and indices of relative abundance. Types of interaction -animal association- Symbiosis, commensalisms, parasitism, etc., Autecology: Concepts of habitat and ecological Niche; Natural Selection; Artificial Selection. Estuaries- classification; physico-chemical factors; biota and productivity; example of some Indian estuaries. Mangrovesdefinition, mangrove plants, factors affecting distribution. Mangrove flora and fauna. Conservation of habitats: endangered species and their conservation, fish passes for migratory fishes, Protected areas, marine parks and sanctuaries, mangrove afforestation. Artificial reefs. Aquatic species diversity and their adaptive characters/ associations. Collection and identification of corals and coral reef biota. Visit to marine structures on the coast, collection and identification of Borers and Fouler organisms, assessment of the damages and appraisal of remedial measures. Threat analysis of various aquatic habitats. Visit to a marine park/sanctuary. Understanding the steps involved in protecting endangered habitats and species (Horse shoe crab. Marine turtles, sharks and marine mammals). SEMESTER-VI 12+9 4 21 4 F HY 328 Theory Practical 5 F HY 329 Theory Practical Aquatic pollution 1+1 2 Pollution: Definition, Classification of water pollution- physical, chemical and biological, Terminologies. Domestic wastescomposition and pollution effects- sewage treatment and its reuse. Agricultural wastes- organic detritus, nutrients. Adverse effects of oxygen demanding wastes: importance of dissolved oxygen; Oxygen demand; BOD; COD; Oxygen budget; Biological effects of organic matter. Excessive plant nutrients: Eutrophication. Biological indicators of pollution. Pesticide types and categories; inorganic pesticides, Organo-chlorine compounds, Organo-phosphorous compounds; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Bioaccumulation and impact on aquatic and human health; toxicology. Heavy metals: Interaction of heavy metals with water aquatic organisms. Bioremediation Oil pollution; Crude oil and fractions; Sources Of oil pollution; Treatment of oil spills at sea; Beach Cleaning; Ecological Impact of Oil pollution- Case studies Thermal pollution and its effects. Physical and chemical nature of possible effluents from major industries in India with special reference to Konkan. Monitoring and control of pollution, Functions and working of pollution control boards. Environmental Impact Assessment for fisheries and aquaculture projects. Physical characteristics of polluted waters; Colour, Odour, Turbidity. pH, BOD, COD determination, Hydrogen sulphide, Ammonia. Heavy metals and Oil and grease in water. Pollution flora and fauna: indicator species- algae, protozoa and insect larva. Methods of pesticide residue analysis in waters and fish tissue; bioassay and toxicity study. Bioassay and toxicity study. Coastal Zone Management 1+0 1 Coastal zone-definition, importance. Anthropogenic activities and their impact on coastal zones; agriculture, aquaculture, waste disposal, property and infrastructure development, ports and shipping, tourism (beach and coral reef), industries (petroleum industry, heavy industry, forest industry), mining and marine excavations, water supply projects. Anthropogenic activities and their impact on coastal zones; agriculture, aquaculture, waste disposal, property and infrastructure development, ports and shipping, tourism (beach and coral reef), industries (petroleum industry, heavy industry, forest industry), mining and marine excavations, water supply projects. Goals and purposes of CZM. Management methods and information: public awareness and environment policy, General coastal zone programs, shore lands management, coastal water basin protection, coastal water quality protection, harvestable resources, and ecosystem restoration. Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act, Environment impact assessment (EIA). Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). International treaties and conventions. Preparation of projects based on the provided Guidelines and Standards for Coastal Projects- aquaculture, agriculture, estuarine flood protection, sewage treatment systems, solid waste disposal. Urban run off, Power plants, disasters, etc. Nil 5 The deparment offers post-graduate courses viz., M.F.Sc. and Ph.D. in the discipline of Aquatic Environment Management AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT Course Structure CODE AEM 501* AEM 502* AEM 503*# AEM 504* AEM 505 AEM 506 AEM 507 AEM 508 AEM 509 AEM 510 AEM 511 AEM 591 AEM 599 COURSE TITLE Master’s programme Aquatic Environment And Biodiversity Chemical Interactions In The AquaticEnvironment Integrated coastal zone management Aquatic Pollution And Wastewater Management Ecology And Management of LimneticEnvironment Environmental Biotechnology Environmental Toxicology Analytical Techniques In Environmental Sciences Planktonology Fisheries Oceanography Aquatic Microbiology Master’s Seminar Master’s Research CREDITS 2+1 2+1 2+1 2+1 2+1 1+1 1+1 1+1 1+1 1+1 2+1 1+0 20 Ph.D. programme AEM 601 ** AEM 602 ** AEM 603 ** Advances in aquatic environmental studies Biotechnology for Cleaner Environment Benthic Ecology 2+1 2+1 1+1 AEM 604 AEM 605 AEM 606 AEM 607 AEM 608 AEM 609 AEM 610 AEM 691 Estuarine and coastal oceanography Organic Production And Plant Pigments Environment Impact Assessment Management and Utilization Of Wastewater Application of Remote Sensing And GIS In Fisheries Dispersal And Fate Of Pollutants In The Ocean Restoration Ecology Doctoral Seminar I 2+1 2+1 1+1 2+1 2+1 1+1 1+1 AEM 692 Doctoral Seminar II AEM 699 Doctoral Research Compulsory for Master’s programme; ** Compulsory for Ph.D. programme 6 1+0 1+0 45 Aquatic Environment Management (Syllabus for Master’s programme) AEM 501 Aquatic Environment And Biodiversity (2+1) Objective To acquaint the students with the theoretical and practical aspects of theaquatic environment and biodiversity. Theory UNIT I Concepts in aquatic environment: Aquatic environment/ecosystem –components-structure and functions; Ecological concepts – succession,homeostasis, natality and mortality, r and k selection; Concepts of habitatand ecological niche; carrying capacity. UNIT II Environmental concerns: Environmental concerns – population explosion,industrialization, urbanization, and natural calamities; Overexploitation ofresources; Environmental stresses; Global Warming; Ozone Depletion. UNIT III Biodiversity: Biodiversity – Definition and concept; Factors influencingaquatic biodiversity; Types of biodiversity - Species diversity in differentecosystems, Genetic Diversity, and Habitat Diversity; Biodiversity indicesand their significance; Concepts of Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI); Economic appraisal of biodiversity; Global diversity patterns and loss ofbiodiversity. Practical Collection of fauna and flora from different ecosystems; Analysis ofBiodiversity at community, population and species levels through differentmethods; Case studies. AEM 502 Chemical Interactions In The Aquatic Environment (2+1) Objective To acquaint the students with basic principles of chemical interactions in theaquatic environment. Theory UNIT I Basic chemistry principles: Chemical reaction kinetics, chemical equilibriaand redox chemistry, solubility concept, dissolution kinetics, processescontrolling elemental cycling in the earth's crust, oceans and atmosphere. 7 UNIT II Soil properties: Soil structure and texture; Composition of oxide and silicateminerals in relation to surface chemical processes; Charge and double layer and mineral equilibrium; Silicate weathering, transformation, weatheringproducts; Ion exchange - concept and source of cation exchange capacity(CEC), adsorption on to clay minerals of major cations, specific adsorptionof major and minor nutrients, and heavy metal ions. UNIT III Nutrient dynamics: Chemistry of soil-nutrient interactions and waterpermeability; Organic substances - biological processes in the degradationand conversion of organic matter; Humus and biogeochemical substances -structure, reactivity, solubility and mobility; Transport of substances -nutrients (e.g., phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, Ca and K), Soil-waterinteractions – availability of nutrients and productivity of aquaticecosystem. UNIT IV Pollutant dynamics: Pollutant cycling, bio-accumulation, bio-availability,speciation and transport of contaminants (e.g., pesticides and heavy metals). Practical Sample Collection techniques; Determination of physicochemicalparameters of soil and water pH, electrical conductivity, redox potential,soil texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, hydraulic conductivity,organic carbon, total and available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium andmicronutrients; C/N ratio; clay colloids in the soil; CEC;Adsorption/fixation of ions on clay minerals. AEM 503 Integrated Coastal Zone Management (2+1) Objective To impart knowledge on the coastal resources, integrated coastal zonemanagement strategies and disaster management. Theory UNIT I Coastal resources: Coastal natural resources systems: flora and fauna,trophic relationship, nutrient production, cycle and transport; Mangroveecosystem - species diversity and distribution of mangroves in India, Otherinter-tidal system- Seagrass system, Coral reef system, Sandy beachsystem, Lagoon and estuary system. UNIT II Developmental activities and biodiversity loss: Ecological issues, Nonsustainabledevelopment, Pollution, threats to biodiversity, habitatdestruction, Depletion of fisheries resources, impacts of global environmentchanges, Multiple uses of the Coastal Zone, Urban settlement, 8 Industrialdevelopment, waste disposal, Shore protection works, ports and marinetransportation. Land transportation infrastructure, Water control and supplyprojects, sea fisheries, Aquaculture, Coastal forest industries, Coastalagriculture, industries. UNIT III Coastal Zone Management: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM):its need and benefits, Principles, Goals and objectives of the ICZMprogramme; Scope, Extent of jurisdiction, Boundaries of the coastal zone,policies and planning for coastal resource management; Managementmechanisms- Pollution control, Protected areas (sanctuaries, marine parksand biosphere reserves), Protection from natural hazards; Socioeconomicimpacts and its assessment, Disaster management for coastal environment. UNIT IV Coastal tourism: Beach resorts, restaurants and parks within the coastalzone as per existing rules and regulations. Impact of pollution on coastalresources. Practical Analysis of soil and water characteristics of coastal areas where man madeimpacts have established; Assessment of damages of water quality;Collection, preservation and identification of coastal biologicalcommunities; Survey of different coastal zones; Visit to the protected areas. AEM 504 AQUATIC POLLUTION AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT 2+1 Objective To impart fundamental and advanced knowledge on different aspects of Aquatic pollution and waste water management. Theory UNIT I Aquatic pollution and its management: Aquatic pollution – sources, types and their impacts; Pollution problems of groundwater resources –sources of contamination, management issues. UNIT II Pollutants - Sewage, pesticides, oils, metals, radioactive wastes, biomedical wastes, etc. Common transport processes of pollutants in the aquatic environment; dispersal of pollutants; Algal blooms and their management, Methods of pollution surveys. UNIT III Waste disposal and water quality criteria used in different parts of world - national and international standards; ISO-14000(EMS), EIA, Management strategies. UNIT IV 9 Wastewater management: Wastewaters - classification and characteristics of sewage and industrial effluents; treatment methods for water and waste water; Principles of aeration, chlorination, ozonation and U.V. irradiation. UNIT V Waste recycling and utilization in aquaculture; Design and construction of water filtration devices; aerobic and anaerobic treatment of wastewater. UNIT VI Wastes from fish processing units and their treatment; solid waste management; removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from waste water; Role of aquatic macrophytes in treatment of wastewater. Practical Collection and preservation of wastewater samples; Physicochemical analysis of wastewater total dissolved and suspended solids, DO, BOD, COD, H2S,, NH3–N, NO2-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, CH4, heavy metals and pesticides; Use of algae for waste water treatment; Visit to a sewage treatment plant, fish processing unit and other industries; Exercise on interpretation of water quality data for evaluation of aquatic health. AEM 505 ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF LIMNETIC ENVIRONMENT 2+1 Objective To educate the students on the ecology of limnetic wetlands and to impart skill and knowledge on the sustainable management of the limnetic ecosystems. Theory UNIT I Types: Categorization of different limnetic fisheries resources - lacustrine, riverine and coldwater systems; Wetlands, Floodplain wetlands, swamps - characteristics, flora and fauna. UNIT II Characteristics: Physical and chemical characteristics of limnetic environment and its relationship with the organisms; influence on metabolism, behavior and orientation of animals; Biological productivity in relation to fishery potential; Trophic relationships in the wetland ecosystem - nutrient production, and transport, Trophic succession; Dynamics of lentic and lotic systems; Water budgeting in limnetic ecosystems. UNIT III Conservation and Management: Functions of wetlands; Habitat degradation- causative factors and controlling/management measures; Destruction of wetlands - causes and consequences; Restoration, conservation and management of wetlands; Resource enhancement; Management of water bodies for economy-driven activities; Management through Biomanipulation studies- top10 down and Bottom-up methods; Integrated Environment Management (IEM) Programmeinvolvement of human element; River continuum concept and new paradigm shift; River linking; International conventions - Ramsar; Environmental laws and regulations; Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI); modeling studies; Wetland mapping using remote sensing; Geographical Information System (GIS)- Definition, Concepts and application. Practical Collection, preservation and analysis of flora and fauna (including phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos) of wetland ecosystem; Case studies on soil and water quality assessment; Survey and sampling of lentic and lotic waters; Calculation of shoreline development index and morphometry; Determination of carrying capacity; Field visits to selected reservoirs, lakes/wetlands and rivers. AEM 506 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 1+1 Objective To impart basic knowledge on biotechnological applications of microorganisms and demonstration of their potential for environmental management. Theory UNIT I Fundamentals of environmental biotechnology: Environmental biotechnology- concepts and scope; conventional and modern approaches, Interrelationship of xenobiotics with other environmental variables; IPR issues related to environmental biotechnology. UNIT II Genetically-improved strains: Genetically-improved strains – basic concepts, application in waste management, pesticide degradation, heavy metal remediation, oil removal; Nitrogen fixation; Phosphate solubilization; Cellular and molecular markers of environmental pollution monitoring and management. UNIT III Microbial consortia: Consortia of microbes for environmental protection – Concept, scope and feasibility. UNIT IV Biological treatment and utilization of wastes: Bioreactors – principles and application in nitrification, denitrification, reduction of BOD; Production of biofuels, fermented products and biogas from wastes, Nutrient uptake by aquatic organisms. 11 Practical Genomic and plasmid DNA isolation; PCR and gel electrophoresis, Cloning; Single-cell protein production; Case studies on wastewater treatment/recirculatory systems; Quantification of N fixation, nitrification; Screening of microbes for biodegradation properties. AEM 507 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 1+1 Objective To impart knowledge on toxicological aspects of various pollutants. Theory UNIT I Toxicity and metabolism: Factors influencing toxicity- environmental, genetic and nutritional; Measurement and evaluation of the ecological effects of toxicants; Metabolism of toxic substances by aquatic organisms - consequences, synergistic and antagonistic effects; Acute poisons and accumulative poisons; Bioaccumulation and biomagnification; Systemic effects of toxic metals, pesticides and herbicides; Effect of select toxicants on aquatic life and detoxification. UNIT II Toxicity evaluation: Toxicity Testing - Microcosm and Mesocosm Tests, Dose-Response Relationships, Toxicity Bioassay. Practical Toxicity evaluation of heavy metals on selected organisms by bioassay techniques; Toxicity assessment of pesticides, PCBs and oil on selected organisms; Analysis of heavy metals from aquatic ecosystems; Toxicity testing methods. AEM 508 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 1+1 Objective To impart knowledge and skills in analytical techniques employed in environmental studies. Theory UNIT I Overview and concepts: An overview of qualitative and quantitative analytical techniques used in environmental science; Sampling techniques and procedures; Factors affecting the choice of an analytical technique; Interferences and their removal, Field kits and their application. UNIT II Photometric techniques: Theory, instrumentation and application of colorimetry and spectrophotometry. 12 UNIT III Separation techniques: Chromatography – theory, instrumentation and applications of thin layer, paper, ion-exchange, size exclusion, high performance liquid and gas; Methods of preparing biological samples for chromatographic analysis; Theory and applications of electrophoresis; Principles and uses of ultracentrifugation. UNIT IV Tracer techniques: Scintillation counters and radio isotopes in environmental research. Practical Quantitative estimation of organic and inorganic pollutants and toxicants by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, AAS, HPLC, GC. AEM 509 PLANKTONOLOGY 1+1 Objective To impart knowledge on plankton, their ecology and significance. Theory UNIT I Plankton diversity and productivity: Classifications of plankton; Primary and secondary production - estimation, significance, affecting factors; Production - biomass (P/B ratio); Indices of productivity; Community interrelationships. UNIT II Ecology of phytoplankton: Phytoplankton (freshwater and marine) - methods of assessment, spatial and temporal variations, succession, diversity; Nanoplankton; Algal blooms; Role in carbon sequestration. UNIT III Ecology and life history of zooplankton: Zooplankton (freshwater and marine) – ecology of the major taxa, their food and feeding, reproduction of important zooplankton, life history stages; swarms; Indicator species; Predator-prey relationship; Impact of grazing in the aquatic ecosystem; Vertical migration of zooplankton; Larval ecology of benthic invertebrates. UNIT IV Sampling and preservation techniques: Plankton nets and recorders, catching efficiency of various nets; Plankton fixatives and preservatives. 13 Practical Collection, preservation and quantitative estimation of phytoplankton and zooplankton; Identification and classification of various phytoplankton and zooplankton; Preparation of permanent slides; Logging, cataloguing and sorting procedures. AEM 510 FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY 1+1 Objective To educate the students on the oceanographic concepts related to fisheries and impart skill to operate oceanographic equipment. Theory UNIT I Oceanographic factors in fisheries: Effects of physicochemical and biological oceanographic factors on adaptation, behaviour, abundance and production of aquatic organisms; Space and time scales in oceanographic analysis; Speed and magnitude of short-term changes in the ocean; Synoptic oceanographic analysis – currents, waves, tides, amplitudes, stratification, related chemical factors, upwelling and circulation patterns. UNIT II Forcasting systems: Fisheries forecasts – interpretation and use of ocean thermal structure in fisheries; Fisheries forecasting system in India and other countries – remote sensing; Global Positioning System (GPS). Application of Remote Sensing in fisheries; Application of echosounders and SONAR. UNIT III Coastal fishery: Coastal fishery and hydrography- introduction, scope and factors affecting; shoreline protection and influence of developmental activities on coastal hydrography. UNIT IV Factors affecting marine fisheries: Environmental factors influencing the seasonal variations in fish catches in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Practical Oceanographic data analysis – water temperature, salinity, pH, nutrients, benthos and sediment characteristics; Fisheries forecasting systems; Oceanographic equipment and fish finding devices. 14 AEM 511 AQUATIC MICROBIOLOGY 2+1 Objective To impart knowledge on aquatic microorganisms with reference to their role in the aquatic environment and bioprospecting. Theory UNIT I Cell structure and function: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure, cell membrane, cell wall, proteins, nucleic acids - structure, properties and interactions, microbial growth. UNIT II Distribution and classification: Microbial community in freshwater, estuary and marine environment (types and abundance). Microbial dependency on physical, chemical and biological factors of the environment; Classification of aquatic microorganisms, Microbes in extreme environments and their significance - thermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles and barophiles. UNIT III Microbial interaction with matter: Microbial interaction - role of microbial population on the biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P, S, Si and Fe), Xenobiotic and inorganic pollutants; Microbial degradation of natural and synthetic compounds. UNIT IV Microorganisms and public health: Water-borne pathogens of public health importance protozoans, bacteria, enteroviruses; Microbial toxins; Microbial standards for different water uses. UNIT V Microbes and aquatic environment: Principles and applications of bioprocesses – bioremediation, biofertilization, biofilms, bio-leaching, biocorrosion, bio-fouling; Microorganisms as bioindicators, bioremediators and biosensors; Microbial biomass production - single cell protein; Bioprospecting. Practical Sampling methods; Isolation, identification and enumeration of algae and bacteria from diverse aquatic habitats; growth kinetics; Management of algal and bacterial cultures; Quantification of microbial activities in nutrient cycles; Microbial sensitivity testing; Demonstration of biofilms. 15 Aquatic Environment Management (Syllabus for Doctoral Programme) AEM 601 Advances in Aquatic Environmental Studies (2+1) Objective To impart knowledge on various aspects of advances in aquatic environment studies. Theory UNIT I Factors effecting productivity of aquatic ecosystems and their interactions; phosphorus, nitrogen and silica cycles; minor metallic elements; organic matter in lake waters. Dynamics of flowing water; Indices of productivity; pollution index –usefulness and limitations. UNIT II Eutrophication – causative factors, effects on water quality, fish and other biota; measures to control the lake degradation due to eutrophication. UNIT III Biomanipulation: Concept and approaches- studies on Planktivorous, Benthivorous and Omnivorous fish. Biological control of macrophyte and eutrophication. UNIT IV Biomonitoring of aquatic environment, scope and process; Bioindicator organisms and its Characteristics; Assessment of water quality through bioindicators. UNIT V Global warming and green house effects- process and impact on aquatic environment; Integrated environment management (IEM), Role of human element in IEM, Analytical Behavior Analysis Approach (ABAA) for IEM. UNIT VI Natural disasters: formation, causes and effects; effects on aquatic habitat and coastal population; Concerns and management; mitigation process; preparedness, Anthropogenic activities leading to environmental disasters. Man-made aquatic environmental degradation; effects on aquatic life. Practical Analysis of ions; Calculation of shoreline development index and other indices of lake productivity; Studies on eutrophication in natural waterstanks and ponds; Collection, preservation and estimation (quantitative and qualitative) of bioindicator organisms in polluted water. Demonstration of Biomanipulation experiment; Preparation of disaster kits for coastal fisher; Interaction of the Govt. and Non-Govt. Organizations engaged for disaster management. 16 AEM 602 Biotechnology For Cleaner Environment (1+1) Objective To educate the learners about the application of biotechnology in aquatic environment management. Theory UNIT I Pollution Control: Cleaner technologies, Reducing environmental impact of industrial effluents, Toxic site reclamation. UNIT II Microbial transformation of toxic metals, Removal of spilled oil and grease deposits, ‘Biorational’ or ‘Environmentally Safe’ weed and pest control, Bio-fertilizers, Bio-sensors and biochips to detect environmental pollutants. UNIT III Application of biotechnological tools in biomonitoring of aquatic environment; Renewable or bio-energy and bio-fuels from aquatic environment, Energy and fuel production using microorganisms; Production of food: Single cell protein, Algal biotechnology for production of food; Use of microbes for improving soil fertility, biodegradation. UNIT IV Biodiversity and its conservation: Current levels of biodiversity, alpha and beta biodiversity, in situ and ex situ conservation-gene banks, species conservation. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and protection (IPP): IPP and aquatic genetic resources (AGR). Practical Quantification of faunal changes in polluted water; Gel electrophoresis; Total DNA isolation; Mitrochondial DNA isolation, Separation and detection of fragments, Comet assay, Micronucleus test, Sister Chromatid exchange; Assessing the molecular and cellular level changes in the Aquatic organisms; Genomic libraries and the development of species specific probes. Southern hybridization; RFLP analysis, PCR mechanics. 17 AEM 603 Benthic Ecology (1+1) Objective To impart theoretical and practical knowledge of benthic ecology. Theory UNIT I Benthic habitat- rocks, reefs, marshes and sediments that form the habitat;recycling of nutrients and the burial and storage of organic matter. UNIT II Community ecology; Physical, chemical and biological factors effectingbenthic population; abundance and distribution of benthic communitiesmajorgroups- their life cycles, food and feeding habits and ecologicalsignificance; Role in maintaining ecological balance; Recruitment dynamics; Predator prey interaction; Invasive species. UNIT III Human impacts; modification of coastal habitats, and major alterations of biogeochemical cycles; contaminants; Benthic organisms as pollution indicators and biomonitors. Practical Collection and analysis of soil and water of nearby benthic habitat;collection, identification and preservation of macro and micro benthos;study of food and feeding habit of some benthic population. AEM 604 Estuarine and Coastal Oceanography Objective (2+1) To impart knowledge on the dynamics of coastal environment. Theory UNIT I Definition of an estuary; Buoyancy input as freshwater. UNIT II Dynamics of the gravitational circulation; Mixing of fresh and salt water;Sources of energy for mixing.Estuarine circulation, Richardson number.Contributions to the salt flux. UNIT III Simplified salt balance using the steady state salinity distribution to predictthe concentration of a pollutant.Freshwater fraction.The flushing time ofan estuary and methods of determining it. UNIT IV Waves in shallow waters, transformation, refraction and reflection; Masstransport. Return flow. Rip current. Long shore currents. Momentumbalance. 18 UNIT V Sediment transport. Base studies on sedimentation in Estuaries effects ofman –made structures and breakwaters on coastal sedimentation. Standingwaves and harbor resonance. Practical Measurement of tidal currents in estuaries - analyses of tidal heights – Netflow and residence time computations. Computation of salt and nutrientflux. Construction of wave refraction diagrams. Computation of longshorecurrents and sediment drift beach profiles. AEM 605 ORGANIC PRODUCTION AND PLANT PIGMENTS Objective To impart advance knowledge on primary productivity and pigments. 2+1 Theory UNIT I Concepts of production; measurements of rate of production – oxygen technique, radiotracer technique (C14), in-situ measurements. UNIT II Phytoplankton production in an isolated, non isolated communities in flowing and standing waters, measurement of rates of production from changes in phytoplankton biomass. UNIT III Measurement of photosynthesis under laboratory conditions; factors regulating aquatic production; The role of Enzymes in relation to photosynthesis; The photosynthetic pigments, their location in the chloroplast, The role of accessory pigments during photosynthesis; Molecular organisation of chlorophylls, phycobilins and carotenoids; Pigment degradation products – phaeopigments – phaeophytin andphaeophorbides. UNIT IV Chloroplast – structure and function of grana and lamellae. Structure of chloroplast membrane – in relation to energy coupling and transport. UNIT V Application of remote sensing in studies on chlorophyll and other pigments. UNIT VI Production rates – direct measurement of zooplankton reproduction –marking populations.Laboratory measurements of physiology of zooplankton – feeding, respiration and excretion. 19 Practical Estimation of primary production in waters –by Light and Dark Bottle method and radioactive carbon C14 technique. Laboratory studies to understand the impact of nutrients and light on primary production usingselected algal cultures. Laboratory studies on the oxygen consumption, filtration and grazing by selected zooplankters. Collection of water samples from selected aquatic environments for the estimation of different plant pigments – chlorophylls and carotenoids; Estimation of pigments in some of the selected aquatic weeds. AEM 606 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1+1 Objective To impart theoretical and practical knowledge of environment impact assessment for sustainable development. Theory UNIT I Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Process, evaluation and methodology; Social Impact Assessment (SIA) as a part of EIA-principals and process; EIA of aquacultural projects, coastal industries and other developmental activities. UNIT II Environmental audit: Concept, setting up an audit programme, typical audit process, carrying out the audit, benefits of environmental auditing, Environmental audit programme in India. UNIT III International and national environmental protection standards; Environmental quality monitoring; ISO-14000-Environment Management System (EMS)-present status; Impacts on developing countries. Practical Field visits for EIA and SIA of certain aquacultural projects; EIA report preparation; Setting up of Environmental audit programme. AEM 607 MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF WASTEWATER Objective To impart theoretical and practical knowledge on management and utilization of wastewater for sustainable development. Theory 20 2+1 UNIT I Advance treatment methods-Principles and procedures; ozonation, U.V. irradiation etc; Oxidation of sediment; Aerobic and anaerobic treatmentprocess; Role of aquatic macrophytes in biological treatment of waste water; Wastewater treatment through the use of solar energy; Basic design of water and wastewater treatment plants. Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. UNIT II Waste recycling and waste management in aquaculture; Design and construction of water filtration devices; Utilization of wastewater for mass cultivation of algae and other fish food organisms; Utilization of waste water for aquaculture and Agriculture. UNIT III Waste disposal criteria used in different parts of world - national and international standards; Production of biogas from sewage; Advances in Pollution prevention, Environmental management. Practical Estimation of physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater.Estimation of nutrients and contaminant of wastewaters. Analysis of living communities associated with treatment processes; Demonstration of wastewater treatments (ozonisation, chlorination, aeration, precipitation, coagulation etc.). AEM 608 APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN FISHERIES 1+1 Objective To impart theoretical knowledge and practical skill on application of remote sensing and GIS in oceanographic studies and aquatic environment management planning. Theory UNIT I General consideration, Survey planning, Position fixing; Sampling frequency and duration, Data storage and transmission; UNIT II Sensors for temperature and salinity (Via conductivity); The measurement of depth (via pressure); CTD units for estuarine and open ocean work; Sensor calibration techniques; Sensors for measuring flow; Tracking of drogue buoys. Acoustic Doppler current measurements; Optical measurements; transmittance and subsurface reflectance; 21 UNIT III In situ fluorescence for the determination of pigment concentration; Remote sensing optical methods; Satellite measurements of temperature (via thermal I.R.), the interpretation of Microwave (geotropic currents, waves, surface winds). UNIT IV Geographical Information System (GIS): Definition, Concepts, Spatial data management. Data base management system. Data Capture, Digitization, Data integration, Projection and Registration, Data Structure, Data Modeling. Visual Image Interpretation; Applications of GIS in aquatic Resource identification; Digital Image Processing (DIP): Different Methods and Approaches Practical Position fixing techniques.Operation of C.T.D. units and their calibrations.Various types of current meters and measurement of currents. Wave recorders and measurements.Determination of pigment concentrations.Remote sensors – interpretation of data.Practical on visual interpretation of data from map, Practical on Digital Image Processing (DIP).Field practical on the Application of GPS.Mapping of aquatic environment resources through GIS softwares (ARCVIEW, MAPINFO etc.). AEM 609 DISPERSAL AND FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN THE OCEAN 1+1 Objective To impart theoretical and practical knowledge on dispersal and fate of pollutants. Theory UNIT I Common transport processes of pollutants in the ocean. UNIT II Influence of winds, tides, Waves and currents on the dispersal of pollutants, mixing due to waves and Wave induced currents; Principles of design of marine waste disposal system. UNIT III Pollutant dispersion in coastal waters and estuaries, dispersion near outfall sites; Methods of pollutant dispersal dye diffusion studies. Practical Techniques of computation of dispersion coefficients; Calculation of Richardson number, tidal exchange calculation at the estuarine mouth; Numerical analysis of estuarine dispersion; Simple plume experiments – designs of waste discharge and thermal systems. 22 AEM 610 RESTORATION ECOLOGY 1+1 Objective To acquire theoretical and practical knowledge on ecological restoration. Theory UNIT I Ecological restoration- Need, concept and definition; Approaches; Rationale for restoration; Differences between conservation and restoration; critical ranges of variability in biodiversity. UNIT II Ecological processes and structures, regional and historical contexts, and sustainable cultural practices; Ecosystem integrity; community ecological principles; Disturbance, Succession, Fragmentation, Ecosystem auditing; Ecosystem function. UNIT III Emerging concepts-Assembly, Stable states; Biotic and abiotic flows and cultural interactions; Application of theory-Invasion, competitive dominance and resource use; IV Restoration planning; Wetland assessment, Delineation, and regulation; Recovery process, Mitigation, Rehabilitation and Reclamation; Dynamics and restoration of degraded wetlands; Removal of threats to the health and integrity of the restored ecosystem. UNIT IV Individuals participation in a restoration programme; different human participatory programme; Sustainable cultural practices; constraints and opportunities; Economics of recovery process. Practical Collection and segregation of native and non native species from a damaged environment; Making list of historical and cultural interactions; Status of assemblages; calculation of Index of Biotic Integrity; Listing of the threats to the integrity of the ecosystem; Organizing different Participatory programme. 23 5. Faculty: a. Academic staff: Name of the faculty : Dr. S. T. Indulkar Post Held : Professor Date of Birth : 13/02/1963 Qualification Area of Specialization : M.Sc. (Fish), Ph.D. (Fish) : Freshwater Fisheries Experience (Years) : 28 years Research projects guided : PI= 8 Ph. D. : Nil M.F.Sc. : 13 Present area of research Contact details : Freshwater Fisheries Land line No. : +91 2352- 232241 (Ext. 220) Mobile: : +91 9423292005 Fax: : +91 2352- 232987 Email: : [email protected] Name of the faculty : Dr. G. N. Kulkarni Post Held : Associate Professor Date of Birth : 27/08/1957 Qualification :M.F.Sc. (Fish Production Management), Ph.D. (Aquatic Biology) : Environmental impact Assessment in Fisheries : 30 years Area of Specialization Experience (Years) : Research projects guided : PI= 5 Ph. D. : Nil 24 Co-PI= 20 Co-PI= 7 M.F.Sc. : 10 Present area of research Contact details : Environmental impact Assessment in Fisheries : Land line No. : +91 2352- 232241 (Ext. 221) Mobile: : +91 9422966006 Fax: : +91 2352- 232987 Email: : [email protected] Name of the faculty : Dr. Asif Umar Pagarkar Post Held : Associate Professor Date of Birth : 29/06/1969 Qualification Area of Specialization : M.Sc. (Inland Fisheries Administration & Management), Ph.D. IIT, Kharagpur : Fisheries Science Experience (Years) : 21 Years Research projects guided : PI= 6 Ph. D. : M.F.Sc. : 10 Present area of research : Waste utilization, (Bioconversion waste), Fish Parasitology, Fish processing, Value added Fish products, Fisheries Hydrography Contact details : Land line No. : +91 2352- 232241 (Ext. 221) Mobile: : +91 9403509307 Fax: : +91 2352- 232987 Email: :[email protected] 25 Co-PI= 5 Name of the faculty : Dr. A. D. Adsul Post Held : Assistant Professor Date of Birth : 27/03/1977 Qualification :M.F.Sc. (Aquaculture), Ph.D. (Aquaculture) : Aquatic Environment Management and Aquatic Biodiversity : 8 years Area of Specialization Experience (Years) b. Research staff Research projects guided : PI= 1 Ph. D. : Nil M.F.Sc. :3 Present area of research Contact details : Aquatic Environment Management and Aquatic Biodiversity : Land line No. : +91 2352- 232241 (Ext. 221) Mobile: : +91 9423048802 Fax: : +91 2352- 23987 Email: : [email protected] : Nil 6. Instructional Farm: a. Location Co-PI= 2 N. A. : b. Infrastructure :Water and soil analysis labs with different types of water samplers. Different types of water analysis kits, well developed and well equipped Central Instrumentation Lab which having Spectrophotometers, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers for heavy melts analysis, HPLC with PC base analysis system, Compound microscope etc., c. Activities :The department having B.F.Sc., M.F.Sc. (Aquatic Environment Management) and Ph.D. (Aquatic Environment Management) level teaching and research facilities.Department also conducted university and external funded several research projects on various aspects of environmental impact assessment, marine biodiversity, water quality and water pollution aspects etc. 26 d. Photographs : 7. Research Activities and achievements (Including projects) a. Varity /Implements released: N.A. b. Research Recommendations: 1. It is recommended to applypoultry manure@ 5000kg/ha in the Kharland ponds. 2. Spirulina can be mass cultured within 8 days and dry powder can be prepared. Farmers can develop small commercial Spirulina unit as a source of income. c. Research outcome/ Findings: d. Completed Research Projects/ Programmes/ Schemes: University Funded Projects: 27 1. Title: Study of fouling serpulids (Polychaeta-Annelida) of Ratnagiri waters. Principal investigator:Dr. U. D. Gaikwad Co-investigator:Dr. P. D. Redekar 2. Title: Studies of copper zinc lead and cadmium content of near shore waters of Ratnagiri coast. Objectives: To determine the present status of the important heavy metals in the near shore waters of Ratnagiri coast with special reference to the copper, zinc, cadmium and lead with a view to asses the extent of industrial pollution and domestic sewage. Principal investigator: Dr. S. R. Kovale Co-investigator: Dr. P. D. Redekar, Dr. G. N. Kulkarni, Dr. M. M. Shirdhankar and Smt. S. A. Mohite 3. Title: Studies on seasonal periodicity and growth of marine algae along Ratnagiri coast. Objectives: 1. To study seasonal occurrence and growth of different marine algae. 2. To monitor environmental parameters. Principal investigator: Dr. P. D. Redekar, Co-investigator:Shri. R. K. Sadawarte. 4. Title: Culture of economically important seaweeds. Objectives: To investigate the culture potential of commercially important seaweeds Principal investigator: Dr. P. D. Redekar, Co-investigator: Dr. S. R. Kovale, Shri. D. I. Pathan. 5. Title: Study of plankton from coastal waters of Ratnagiri. Objective: To study the plankton characteristics of Ratnagiri coast. Principal investigator: Dr. P. D. Redekar, Co-investigator:Shri. R. K. Sadawarte ,Shri. A. S. Pawase, Shri. S. T. Shanarandhar. 6. Title: Enhancement of Biogenic capacity of Kharland ponds located at Shirgaon, Ratnagiri. 28 Objectives: 1.To enhance the nutrient availability of Kharland ponds in relation to primary and secondary productivity. 2. To give some guide lines, so that the fertilization strategy can be worked out, for the benefit of aqua-farmers of the Konkan region. Principal investigator: Dr. G. N. Kulkarni, Co-investigator:Dr. H. Singh, Dr. A. V. Deolalikar and Dr. S. R. Kovale Recommendation:It is recommended to applypoultry manure@ 5000kg/ha in the Kharland ponds. 7. Title: Mass cultivation of Spirulina. Objectives: To take mass cultivation of Spirulina algae. Principal investigator: Dr. P. D. Redekar, Co-investigator: Dr. S. R. Kovale, Shri. R. K. Sadawarte ,Shri. M. T. Shanarandhar. Recommendations: Spirulina can be mass cultured within 8 days and dry powder can be prepared. Farmers can develop small commercial Spirulina unit as a source of income. 8. Title: Study of aquatic fauna of Mangrove areas of Ratnagiri UR Nos.: FHY 01: Objectives: 1) To collect aquatic faunal samples at monthly intervals from Kalbadevi and Juve mangrove areas. 2) To study composition of aquatic fauna from selected mangrove areas. 3) In-situ water parameters such as temperature DO, pH, Salinity from respective areas. Name of PI/ Co-PI Principle investigator : Dr. A. D. Adsul Co- investigators : Dr. P.D. Redekar, Shri. P. H. Sapkale& Shri. B. M. Yadav Sponsoring Agency : University Project Duration : Two years (2006-2008) Summary of Achievements: Macrofaunal aquatic biodiversity of mangrove areas as Kalbadevi&Juve were studied for two years. Commercially important aquatic species as 29 Scylla serrata, Metapeneusmonoceros, Meritrixmeritrix, CrassostreagraphoidesandMugilcephalusare found throughout year in the Kalbadevi and juve mangrove area of Ratnagiri. External Funded Project: 9. Title: Effect of pollution on the commercially important fish stocks of Ratnagiri coast Objectives: To assess the levels of heavy metal in the representative coastal biota of the Ratnagiri district in relation to their abiotic components i.e. water and sediment. Principal investigator: Dr. G. N. Kulkarni, Co-investigator:Dr. A. V. Deolalikar. Sponsoring Agency : ATMA, Ratnagiri 1. Title: Basaline marine ecological assessment of Jaitapur sea, Ratnagiri Objectives: 1. To understand characteristics of coastal water ofJaitapur sea in view of the proposed under power plant. Name of PI/Co-PI: Dr. S. R. Kovale : Dr. G. N. Kulkarni Sponsoring Agency:NEERI, Nagpur Duration: Four months Summary of Achievements: 30 2. Title: Assessment of the environmental impact of the proposed thermal power plant of JSW energy (Ratnagiri) Ltd. at Dhamankhol bay, Jaigarh with special reference to the coastal ecosystems, fisheries and fishers. Objectives: 1. Collection of base line data on coastal environment and socio economic make up of the area in an around the proposed thermal power plant (TPP) site at Jaigarh 2. Assessment of impact during proper erection of the TPP / TPP component 3. Environmental impact assessment (EIA)studies of the different components as mentioned at Sr. No. 1 at regular intervals post commissioning of the projects 4. If warranted suggest suitable remedial /managerial measures based on the assessment outcomes for safe guarding marine environment Name of PI/Co-PI: Dr. S. R. Kovale/ Dr. V. P. Joshi Co-investigator: Dr. G. N. Kulkarni,Dr. A. S. Mohite, Dr. M. M. Shirdhankar and Dr. A. D. Adsul Sponsoring Agency:JSW energy (Ratnagiri) Ltd. Duration: Five years 3. Title: A value Chain on Fish Production in Fragile Agricultural Land and Unutilized Aquatic Resources in Maharashtra Objectives: 1. To enhance the productivity of degraded and under utilized agro-aquatic resources through regenerative and eco-friendly aquaculture practices. 2. To develop the capacity of target communities in sustainable use of fragile and unutilized/ underutilized aquatic resources and untapped nitches for their socio-economic upliftment. 3. To create and strengthen PCS value chain through diverse aquaculture systems. Marketdriven product development, value addition and entrepreneurship development. Name of PI/Co-PI: Dr. S. T. Indulkar Dr. A. U. Pagarkar Sponsoring Agency:National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP) Duration:four years Summary of Achievements: Out of 27surveyed site , 5 sites were selected for establishment of carp seed rearing units and carp fry was stocked and fingerlings were produced. By developed techniques 31 reservoir fish production was enhanced from 5kg/ha to 75 kg/ha. Physico-chemical parameters of water and soil was analyzed. Collection of data related to the social-economic, socio-personal and village profile. Formation of SHGs at respective selected sites. Developed severalvalue added fish products. Several farmers meets and training programmes for fresh water culture and development of value added fish products were conducted. Workshop on “Reservoir Fisheries Management, Value added fish products developed from fresh water fish are surimi, vacuum packed fish steaks, fish shev, fish ball in curry, fish cutlet etc. and training programmeswere organized. Relevant Photographs: e. Ongoing Research Projects/Programmes/Schemes: FHY. New 09 : Study of the biodiversity of intertidal aquatic macro fauna of the rocky shores of Bhatkarwada& Ware Principle investigator : Dr. A. D. Adsul Co- investigators : Shri. H. B. Dhamagaye, Dr. S. T. Indulkar, Dr. G. N. Kulkarni, Project Period : Two years Year of Commencement : 2011 8. Repository of abstracts of thesis: 1. Name of the candidate: Mr. ShrikrishnaPandurangHotekar Degree for which the thesis/ project report submitted: M. F. Sc. (Aquatic Environment) (Dept. of Fish. Hydrography) 32 Year of submission: May, 2012 Name of the guide:Dr. G. N. Kulkarni Associate Professor Department of Fisheries Hydrography Thesis title: Water quality in relation to plankton composition off Bhagwati Bandar, Ratnagiri. Abstract: The importance of plankton studies in understanding the productivity of the seas needs no emphasis. The Ratnagiri coast supports rich pelagic fisheries which depends on plankton. Along the Ratnagiri coast, there is a limited inflow of sewage and other organic waste which may possibly affect marine food chain. The present study therefore was undertaken to study composition of phytoplankton and zoo plankton in relation to water quality of Bhagwati Bandar, Ratnagiri from May 2009 to April 2010. Three sampling localities viz. B1, B2 and B3werw selected to represent depth of 7 fathom while B4, B5 and B6 represent depth of 15 fathom along the coastal stretch. In the present investigation, the meteorological, physical as well as chemical parameter were observed. Air temperature ranged from 29 to 35.40C with minimum value in November while the highest in the month of April and May. The rainfall was observed at minimum in the month of April (0.2mm) while the maximum in July (1320.2mm). the surface water temperature ranged from 28 to 350C, with the gradual increase from May and April reducing in the period September-November. Light penetration was observed to ranged from 125 to 550cm.The lowest value of light penetration was noted in May and highest in March. Surface water salinity ranged from 32.50 to 36.80. the lowest value of salinity was observed in September and highest in December. In the month of May, October and March, the dark green color of water was found at all station, except B4, B5 and B6 in the month of March which also light green. The light green color of water was also observed in month of December and February. The pH of surface water ranged from 7.88 to 8.02. The lowest value of pH was noticed in December and highest in May. The total alkalinity of the surface water fluctuated from 34 to 64 mg/l with minimum in the month of March and maximum in February. The surface water 33 dissolved oxygen fluctuated from 4.8 to 6.4 mg/l. the highest value of dissolved oxygen was recorded in the month of October while minimum level was noticed in April. The free carbon dioxide was observed to ranged from 30.2 to 39.6 mg/l. in the month of May and March, it reached maximum while minimum level was recorded in February and April. The variation of total suspended solids was observed to range from 0.122 to 1.612 mg/l. The minimum value was recorded in December and maximum in month of April. The phosphate content of surface water varied from 0.001 to 0.132 µg/l. The phosphate level was lowest in March while the maximum was in November. The nitrate values varied from 0.003 to 2.491 mg/l. The lowest value of nitrite was observed in May and February with peak in October. The nitrite content of the surface water fluctuated from 0.001 to 0.132mg/l. the concentration of nitrite was lowest in September, December and the highest in November. The silicate concentration ranged from 0.001 to 0.184 µg/l., the value of silicate concentration was minimum in November while the peak corresponds to October. The chlorophyll-a content ranged from 4.35 to 5.05 mg/m3. A positive correlation was observed between chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton in March and negative correlation was obtain in month of April. The peak abundance of phytoplankton was observed in either in May (104021.7 cells/m3 ) or September (96660 cells/m3 ) while the lowest number was recorded in December (2736.66 cells/m3 ). The peak of diatoms was observed between September and May while minimum in April. The dinoflagellates were observed at peak in May and minimum in month of November. The peak zooplankton abundance was observed (860.80 /m3) in the month of May and minimum (1380 /m3) in December. Among zooplankton, the copepods population showed a peak in the month of January at station B2, B4 and B5. A minor peak of nauplii was observed in the month of October at station B1, B5 and B6. The Titnnopsisspp showed a peak in the month of March for all station except B5 and B6. The fish eggs were few in number in January at station B5. At station B1, a positive significant (P<0.05) correlation was noticed between zooplankton and light penetration (r=0.8699), zooplankton and carbon dioxide (r=0.6677), phytoplankton and silicates (r=0.7333). a significant negative (P>0.05) correlation co-efficient was observed between zooplankton and 34 total alkalinity (r= -0.7006). At station B5, a significant negative correlation was observed between phytoplankton and light penetration (r=0.6625). at station B6, the positive significant (P<0.05) correlation co-efficient was observed between phytoplankton and silicate (r=0.7365) zooplankton and phosphate (r=0.6463) and zooplankton and nitrite (r=6485). A negative significant correlation was found between the phytoplankton and lightpenetration (r=6854) at the same location (B6). There was no significant difference in abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton between stations while significant differences in phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance was observed among the months (P<0.05). 2. Name of the candidate: Miss. SonaliSubhashBhatade Degree for which the thesis/ project report submitted: M. F. Sc. (AEM) (Dept. of Fish. Hydrography) Year of submission:March, 2011 Name of the guide:Dr. A. D. ADSUL Assistant Professor, Dept. of Fish. Hydrography Thesis title: Seasonal changes in the biodiversity ofMacro flora and fauna of the rocky shore, Alawa, Ratnagiri Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine, seasonal changes in thebiodiversity of exposed intertidal rocky shore, Alawa, Ratnagiri from April2010 to March 2011. In the present study, eight transects were marked atdifferent locations on the rocky shore and seven quadrates with size of 0.25m2area were sampled from each transects for studying the intertidal macro floraand fauna.During this study total 8 species of macro floral algae (3Chlorophytes, 2 Phaeophytes and 3 Rhodophytes) and 46 macro faunal species(14 gastropods, 6 bivalves, 10 crustaceans, 4 fishes, 4 echinoderms, 3 zoanthus,2 polychaetes and 3 poriferans) were recorded from the intertidal rocky shore,Alawa. Month wise percentage cover of macro flora and abundance of macrofauna (no./m2) on the rocky shore was also estimated. 35 During the present study, maximum average percentage cover(9.24%) of macro flora was recorded during post monsoon season in the monthof January. In fauna, Amphipod and Neries sp. were dominant throughout theyear. The number of gastropods, crustaceans, fishes, echinoderms and macrofaunal percentage cover (sponges and Favia sp.) revealed nonsignificantdifference (P>0.05) with respect to different months while macro floralpercentage cover, number of bivalves, polychaetes and zoanthus revealedsignificant difference (P<0.05) with respect to different months. Correlationcoefficient showed significant positive correlation among nitrate, phosphateand macro floral percentage cover. Diversity indices including Shannon’sdiversity index, Simpson index, Evenness index and dominance revealed thatthe selected study area is moderately diversed and also showed moderatelyhigh evenness. The present study revealed that the floral percentage cover varied seasonally and maximum was observed in Post monsoon season. 3. Name of the candidate:: Miss. Zigyasa Shankar Patel Degree for which the thesis/ project report submitted: M. F. Sc. (AEM) (Dept. of Fish. Hydrography) Year of submission: May, 2011 Name of the guide:Dr. G. N. Kulkarni Associate Professor, Dept. of Fish. Hydrography Thesis title: Heavy metal absorption capacity of water hyacinth Eichhorniacrassipes (Mart.) Solms. Abstract: Water is the most important resource of a country, and of the entire society as a whole, since no life is possible without water. Toxic heavy metal pollution of water is a major environmental problem, and most conventional remediation approaches do not provide acceptable solutions. This study demonstrates the background levels of Fe, Pb and Al in fish farm (Zadgaon, Shirgaon, Panvel and Paragon creek) and absorption capacity of water hyacinth for these heavy metal. Water hyacinth was cultured in tap water, which was supplemented with 36 1, 5, and 10 mg/l of iron, lead and aluminum. They were harvested separately after 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Abiotic as well as plant samples viz. roots, laminae and petioles containing heavy metal were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results indicated the highest concentration was found in sediment samples (0.98 mg/kg) for iron in Pargaon creek while minimum (0.0011 mg/kg) for aluminum in Shirgaon fish farm. Maximum accumulation by water hyacinth was noted in root as compared to petioles and laminae in all the metals. The accumulation of Fe, Pb and Al in roots, petioles and laminae increased with initial concentration and also with the exposure period. Plants treated with 10 mg/l of iron, lead and aluminum accumulated the highest concentration of metal in root (1011.3 mg/g), (479.67 mg/g) and (111.96 mg/g) respectively on 60th day. It was concluded that among the metals iron, lead and aluminum maximum absorption capacity was seen for Fe. The trend of overall accumulation by the water hyacinth between the treatment, days and plant organs were in the fallowing order: roots>laminae> petioles for Fe, roots> petioles>laminae for Pb and Al T3> T2> T1> T0 60th> 45th> 30th>15th> 0 days. 4. Name of the candidate: Miss. PreetamBaburayNaik Degree for which the thesis/ project report submitted: M. F. Sc. (Aquatic environment) (Dept. of Fish. Hydrography) Year of submission: May, 2011 Name of the guide:Dr. G. N. Kulkarni Associate Professor Department of Fisheries Hydrography Thesis title: Response of post larvae of Penaeusmonodon (Fabricius, 1798) to varying temperatures Abstract: In order to understand the influence of temperature on survival and growth of post- larvae of tiger shrimp, Penaeusmonodon,a experiment on static bioassay was undertaken. The 96 h LT50 37 value was found to be 32.2 0C.The oxygen consumption rate of post - larvawas examined in a glass aquaria at 28 0C, 29.5 0C and 31 0C by separating air- water interface with liquid paraffin. The lowest oxygen consumption rate (0.31 mg L-1) was recorded at 280C, while the highest was at 310C (0.84 mg L-1). The highest and lowest weight gain were observed at 29.5 0C (162%) and 310C (124%) respectively with a medium growth at 28 0C (153%). The highest and lowest length gain were also observed at 29.5 0C (102.40%) and 31 0C (67.27 %) respectively with a medium growth 280C at (93.21%) . The moulting rate of 18% and 30% was observed at 28 0C and 29.5 0C respectively and it declined by 10%, as the temperature approached 31 0C. The moulting frequency was observed once at an interval of 5-6 days at a temperature of 28 and 29.5 0C, while at 31 0C, it lasted for a longer period i.e. an interval of 6-7 days throughout the experimental period of 30 days. Hence, decrease in moulting frequency (interval) with increase in temperature was evident. The feed intake was lowest at 28 0C (control) and increased at a temperature of 29.5 0C with a peak at 31 0C . Healthy post-larvae swam straight and against the current along the periphery of the container when stirred, and aggregated when the speed of the current subsided. They cling to the sides of the container at a higher temperature of 310C as compared to that of 28 0 C (control) and 29.5 0C. 5. Name of the candidate: Miss. SnehalSiddharthLokhande Degree for which the thesis/ project report submitted: M. F. Sc. (AEM) (Dept. of Fish. Hydrography) Year of submission: May, 2012 Name of the guide:Dr. A. D. ADSUL Assistant Professor, Dept. of Fish. Hydrography Thesis title: 38 Macro-faunal abundance of sandy shoreMirya, Ratnagiri Abstract The aim of the present study is to examine the seasonal variations among themacrofaunal abundance of sandy shore, Mirya, Ratnagiri from April 2011 to March2012. The intertidal sandy shore macro-faunal samples were collected from seventransects with three quadrates each of 0.0625 sq.m. area.A total of 34 macro-faunal species comprising 21 bivalves, seven crustaceans,three gastropods, one echinoderm and two polychaete worms were recorded from theshore. The atmospheric temperature, water temperature, sediment temperature,interstitial water salinity and sediment pH were found to be maximum during thepost-monsoon season while it was minimum during the monsoon season. The majorcomposition of sediment on the shore was sand while the silt and clay percentage wasrecorded in less quantity. Throughout the study period the bivalves, Donaxspinosusand Sunettascriptaand the gastropod Olivia oliviawere dominant. The crustaceans ofthe genus Ocypodawas the most abundant while hermit crab, Diogenes miles wasrecorded in all months except May and June. The mole crab, Emerita holthuisiandmoon crab, Matutalunariswere recorded only during the post monsoon season. Thepolychaete worms, Glyceraalba and Nereis sp. were found only in November andDecember. Environmental parameters such as atmospheric temperature, watertemperature and sand temperature showed positive significant correlation while theinterstitial dissolved oxygen showed negative correlation with the occurrence ofbivalves. The content of silt revealed negative significant correlation with bivalves.The diversity indices revealed that the selected study area is moderately diversed andshowed moderately high evenness throughout the year. The present study showedseasonal variation in the macro-faunal abundance with maximum number during thepost-monsoon and minimum during the monsoon. 6. Name of the candidate: Miss. PriyankaShekuraoNaik Degree for which the thesis/ project report submitted: M. F. Sc. (AEM) (Dept. of Fish. Hydrography) 39 Year of submission: May, 2012 Name of the guide:Dr. S. T. Indulkar Professor and Head, Department of Fisheries Hydrography Thesis title: Suitability of impounded water of laterite stone quarries for fish culture Abstract The main objective of the present study is to analyze environmental andhydrobiological parameters of selected laterite stone quarries to see their suitability forfish culture. Accordingly, three stone quarries were selected from nearby area of Adhishtimandir at Shirgaon, Ratnagiri. The parameters such as rainfall, air and watertemperatures, water depth, transparency, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolvedoxygen, electrical conductivity, iron, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and biologicalparameters, such as phytoplankton and zooplankton of three laterite stone quarries wereanalyzed weekly and observations on acid sulphate of soil were done twice during June2011 to January 2012 of the impounded water in the selected stone quarries. Observationson fish growth stocked in one of the quarry were also made during the said period. The data on rainfall was obtained from the Agricultural Research Station,Shirgaon, Ratnagiri. The total rainfall recorded was 4047.34 mm with an average of27.34 + 6.9 mm. Air temperature was observed at the site - I, -II and -III varied in therange of 23 to 32.0 0C with an average of 27.25 + 0.4 0C. Water temperature at the site - I,-II and -III varied in the range of 24 to 33 0C with an average of 28.56 + 0.40C. Waterdepth recorded at the site – I, -II and -III was in the range of 0.15 to 7.2 m, 1.0 to 2.4 m,1.2 to 1.6 m. Transparency was observed at the site - I, -II and -III in range of 10 to 71cm, 10 to 15 cm and 10 to 30 cm.From the site - I, -II and -III; pH, 6 to 9, 6.32 to 6.99 and 7.19 to 7.98; total alkalinity,40.56 to 55.92 mgl-1, 65.08 to 75.01 mgl-1 and 42.04 to 62.94 mgl-1; total hardness, 18.34to 35.92 mgl-1, 34.21 to 45.9 mgl-1 and 20.64 to 31.93 mgl-1; dissolved oxygen, 1.09 to8.0 mgl-1, 2 to 6.99 mgl-1and 2.36 to 8 mgl-1; electrical conductivity, 53.53 to 75.66μmhocm-1, 90.59 to 99.32 μmhocm-1 and 79.45 to 105.22; iron, 0.73 to 1.93 mgl-1, 0.19to 0.21 mgl-1 and 0.001 to 0.008 mgl-1; sulphate, 1.03 to 3.82 mgl-1, 40 2.30 to 4.06 mgl-1and 6.02 to 8.43 mgl-1; nitrate, 0.25 to 4.64 mgl-1, 0.64 to 0.89 mgl-1 and 0.91 to 1.92 mgl-1; nitrite, 0.15 to 0.89 mgl-1, 0.01 to 0.04 mgl-1 and 0.01 to 0.06 mgl-1 ; phosphate, 0.35 to0.48 mgl-1, 0.46 to 0.87 mgl-1 and 0.84 to 1.89 mgl-1 respectively. The total alkalinity wasobserved in the three quarries varied between 40 to 75 mgl-1 and the total hardness beingbelow 50 mgl-1 indicating water to be soft in nature.Two observations on acid sulphate of soil were made from three quarries. Initialobservations on from site - I, -II and -III was 0.015 %, 0.022 % and 0.012 % respectively,where as the final observations was 0.028%, 0.034% and 0.018 % respectively. Theseobservations on acid sulphate indicated that the water is suitable for fish culture.From the site - I, -II and -III phytoplankton density varied in the range of 1763100 to10770900 cellsm-3, 142700 to 202400 cellsm-3 and 82200 to 171300 cellsm-3 respectively.The zooplankton density observed at the site - I, -II and -III was in the range of 12200 to93600 cellm-3, 28400 to 58300 cellm-3 and 20000 to 63200 cellm-3 respectively.In the site - I, the results of the pilot scale trial of rearing Indian major carps showed that catlagrown upto a size of 778.36 + 28.00 gm (38.79 + 0.45 cm), rohu 258.60 + 30.68gm (29.50 + 1.60 cm) and mrigal 249.10 + 28.92 gm (30.7 + 1.53 cm) indicating a bettergrowth of catla as compared to other two species of Indian major carps.From the foregoing account it is concluded that the water trapped in the laterite stonequarries for a period of four to six months can be utilized for fish culture. 9. Extension Activities: a. The training programmes organized 1. Title: Reservoir fisheries management Sponsorer:National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP) Date & Duration: Two days Participants: Fish farmers Special feature of the Training programme: Practical demonstration of Rearing fingerlings in reservoir to proper utilization of unused water resources to increase fish production. 41 2. Title: Development of value added fish products Sponsorer: National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP) Date & Duration: One day Participants: fisherman women, SHGs Special feature of the Training programme: Practical demonstration of preparation of value added products from fresh water fish 3. Title: Development of value added fish products Sponsorer: National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP) Date & Duration: One day Participants: fisherman women, SHGs Special feature of the Training programme: Practical demonstration of preparation of value added products from fresh water fish. b. Seminar/ Symposia/Conference/ Workshop organized: c. Farmer Melawa Organized: Title: Palvi exhibition Sponsorer: Dr. B. S. KonkanKrishiVidyapeeth, Dapoli 42 Giving New technology information regarding fish conservation to farmers & fishermen during Palvi exhibition Date & Duration: four days d. Radio/TV Talks delivered by the staff members of the Department: Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Name of the staff members Dr. S. T. Indulakar Dr. G. N.Kulkarni Dr. A. U. Pagarkar Dr. A. D. Adsul Radio Talks TV Talks 27 45 15 3 5 2 4 - e. Farmer-Scientist Forum: Discussion on ornamental fish culture and water quality management in farmer-Scientist Forum at Oni , Tal. Rajapur. f. Other Extension Activities: 43 Mangrove plantation & conservation awareness programme organized by Deptof Fish. Hydrography, college of Fisheries, Ratnagiri in collaboration with Cameron International Mumbai at Shirgaon on 6th June 2012 International Beach cleaning activity organized by Deptof Fish. Hydrography, college of Fisheries, Ratnagiri at Ganpatipule beach in September 2012 g. Publications: Publications Dr. S. T. Indulakar Books Booklet/bulletin 01 Folders 06 Souvenir/Proceedings 10 organized Training / course 02 Manuals Journal Res. papers 60 Papers full length in 40 seminars etc. Dr. G. N.Kulkarni Dr. A. U. Pagarkar 1 Dr. A. D. Adsul - 5 9 10 2 6 3 12 11 29 10 2 - 10. Details of other activities (For e.g. seed production,production of other commodities etc.,) 44 11. Contact information: Name of the Head : Dr. S. T. Indulkar Name of the dept., : Fisheries Hydrography, Postal Address Land line No. : Fisheries Hydrography, College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri-415629 (Maharashtra) : +91 2352- 232241 (Ext. 221) Mobile: : +91 9423292005 Fax: : +91 2352- 232987 12. News and Events: 1. World Envirinment Day : On 5th June, 2013, a quizcompetition was conducted on “Aquatic Environments and its Managements” for Post Graduate (M.F.Sc. and Ph.D.) students to generate awareness about aquatic Environment. 45 2. World Ocean Day 8th June 2013 was organized by Dept. of Fisheries Hydrography to create awareness towards the ocean 46
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