Unit I Review
1.) archaeologist
  Person who studies ancient
peoples
Unit I Review Sheets
2.) artifact
3.) land bridge
  Item left behind by early people
  Strip of land connecting two
that represents their culture
continents
4.) prehistoric
  Before recorded history
5.) environment
  Natural surroundings
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Unit I Review
6.) polytheism
  Belief in more than one god
7. ) What is the land bridge theory?
  Belief how first people came to
North America by crossing strip
of land between Alaska and
Asia
8.) What is the relationship between Native
Americans and the environment?
9.) Who were the Algonquins?
  Where people live determines
  Eastern woodlands tribe –
how they live
forests, rivers
  Geography determines culture
  Picture writing, calendar,
wampum
10.) What caused early Native Americans to
change from a nomadic hunting society?
  Farming led to permanent
settlements
11.) What is the main theme of
the Iroquois Creation Story?
  Nature is important
  Beginning of Iroquois people
  Beginning of good and evil
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Unit I Review
12.) List the names of the 5 Iroquois tribes in the
order in which they lived in New York State from
west to east.
13.) Define: confederacy
  Seneca
  Loose union of people joined
for a common purpose
  Cayuga
  Onondaga
  Oneida
  Mohawk
14.) a. What was the Iroquois
Confederacy?
b.
Why was it formed?
  League of Five Nations
  Peace
  Loose union of tribes in which
  Protection from outsiders
each tribe had its own identity
and laws but all came together
in matters of common concern
c. Why is it important to the study of
American History?
  Control of the fur trade
15.) a. What was the Council of 50 Sachems?
  1st representative democracy in
  Governing body of the Iroquois
the Americas
Confederacy
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Unit I Review
b. How did it work?
16.) What was the Great Law of Peace?
  Each tribe sent representative
  Reasons for uniting - peace,
chiefs, chosen by women, to a
meeting
protection from outsiders,
control of the fur trade
  Met once a year on Onondaga
  Written in wampum
land to discuss common
problems (war, fur trade,
treaties)
17.) Describe each of the following aspects of
Iroquois culture:
Food
17.) Describe each of the following aspects
of Iroquois culture:
Clothing
  “Three sisters” - corn, beans, squash
  Kilts, leggings, skirts - deer hide
  Deer, bear, porcupine, muskrat,
  Blankets, robes - bear hide
beaver
  Decoration - porcupine quills,
  Turkey, goose, duck
feathers
  Fish
  Dye - berries
  Nuts and berries
  Moccasins - deer skin
17.) Describe each of the following aspects
of Iroquois culture:
Tools / weapons
  Bows, arrows, spears - deer
bones and antlers
  Thread and string - sinew and
guts
  Rattles - deer hooves
18.) In Iroquois society, explain the:
Roles of men
  Hunted deer, bear
  Built longhouses
  Cleared fields
  Fished
  Grew tobacco
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Unit I Review
Roles of women
Roles of children
  Cooked
  Farmed three sisters
  Learned Iroquois ways
  Gathered plants and berries
  Listened to elders’ stories
  Cared for children
  Played games
  Clan mother - chose chiefs, led
ceremonies
  Owned property
19.) Describe the homes of the Iroquois.
  Longhouse - wood and bark
20.) What was the importance of the
extended family?
  Smoke holes in roof covered by bark
  Basic social unit
  Bear skin covered 2 doors, no
  Most important family group
windows
  Shelves on walls for sleeping
  Fireside family - 2 per fire pit
  Extended family lived in longhouse
21.)What is a Matrilineal Society?
  Bloodline traced through
mother’s side
  Female line
22.) List 5 examples that show the
importance of women in the Iroquois
society.
  Clan mother - oldest woman in
longhouse
  Chose chiefs, advised chiefs, could
remove chiefs
  Farming
  Children
  Owned property
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Unit I Review
23.) What were the “Three Sisters”?
  Corn, beans and squash
24.) What responsibility did the
Iroquois have toward the world?
  Respect the world
  Give thanks to the Creator
  Celebrate good luck with
festivals
25.) a. Why did the Iroquois have Seasonal
Festivals?
  To honor the Creator and the
spirits of nature
b. Describe the annual festivals.
  Midwinter Festival
  Held after late fall hunt
  Time of renewal
  To give thanks for the good
  Clean longhouses
things
  Stir fires for luck
Green Corn Festival
Harvest Festival
Maple Festival
Planting Ceremony
Strawberry Festival
Sun Festival
Thunder Ceremony
  Feasts, dances,
  Games - lacrosse
26.) Describe the Corn Husk Face Society.
  Religious group
  Wore corn husk masks to
assure good harvest
  Represented spirits of the fields
  Honor 3 sisters - corn, beans
and squash
27.) Describe the False Face Society.
  Religious group
  Cured illness
  Carved masks out of living rees to
capture healing spirit of tree
  Men wore masks, sprinkled tobacco,
danced & chanted to call out
healing spirits
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Unit I Review
28.) How did the arrival of the white man
affect the Native American?
30. ) What were the Crusades?
  Greed for gold - Spanish conquered Aztec and Inca
  Religious wars between
  Disease - no natural immunity led to death
European Catholics and
Middle Eastern Muslims over
control of the Holy Land
  Eliminated food supply - overhunted buffalo
  Guns and alcohol - tricked out of land
  Land ownership - Native Americans shared
  The frontier - moved Native Americans to reservations
  War -
31. ) What was the effect of the Crusades?
32.) Why did Europeans want to go to Asia?
  Taught about ways of life in
  New products increased interest
other parts of the world
in Asia
  Europeans and Asians met for
  Spain - Queen Isabella and
the first time
King Ferdinand - 3 G’s gold,
glory, God
  New products - spices, silk,
cotton, perfume, wool rugs, tea,
china
33.) Who was Marco Polo?
34. ) How did the invention of the printing
press help to spark exploration?
  Traveled to China
  Increased interest in Asian
  Journal described riches of Asia
goods after Marco Polo’s diary
was published
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Unit I Review
35. ) By what means did Europeans want to get to
Asia?
36. ) Who were the Vikings?
  All water route to Asia EAST
  Scandanavian sailors landed in
around Africa
Newfoundland
  After Columbus, sailed WEST
  Leif Erickson – 1st European
discoverer of North America
37. ) What were the 5 great European nations
that explored?
  Portugal
  Spain
  England
38. ) After Columbus, what were Europeans
searching for?
  Northwest passage through
North America to Asia
  Sailing west
  France
  Holland / Netherlands
39.) What was the impact (effect) of Columbus’
“discovery” of the Americas?
  Columbian Exchange – new
goods from America to Europe
and Europe to America
  Disease
  Greed for Gold
  Slavery
40. ) Why did Europeans change from exploration
to colonization?
  Economic reasons – New World filled with
fertile land and natural resources.
  Mercantilism- nation’s power is based on
its wealth. Colony exists for the benefit of
the mother country as a source of raw
materials and new markets for finished
goods
  Settlement and trade
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