Chapter 2: Matter
Section 2: Properties of Matter Skeleton
Physical Properties
Why are color, volume, and density classified as physical properties?
Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed __________________ changing the
identity of the substance.
Physical Properties, continued
Physical properties can help ____________________ substances.
Physical properties can be observed or ________________________.
Examples: shape, color, odor, texture, state, melting point, boiling point, strength, hardness,
magnetism, the ability to conduct electricity or heat
___________ ___________: the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid
___________ ___________: the temperature and pressure at which a liquid becomes a gas
Physical properties help determine _____________________.
Common Physical Properties
____________________ – Touch, Taste, Smell, Color, Sound
____________________ – Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
Size ________________________ – Height, Width, Depth, Mass, Volume, Weight
Size ________________________ – Density, Solubility, Melting Point, Boiling Point
Behavior – __________________________
More Physical Properties
__________________ – How light reflects off of it.
__________________ – Does it allow heat or electricity to pass through it.
__________________ – It is easily bent and shaped without breaking.
__________________ – It can be drawn into wire without breaking.
Density
Density is a _____________________ property.
__________________: the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance
Common unit of density is g/mL or g/cm3
Density is different from _________________________.
Density Calculations
If 10.0 cm3 of ice has a mass of 9.17 g, what is the density of ice?
1. List the given and unknown values.
Given: mass, m = 9.17 g
volume, V = 10.0 cm3
Unknown: density, D = ? g/cm3
2. Write the equation for density.
Density = mass/volume, or D = m/V
3. Insert the known values and solve.
What is the answer? D = 0.917 g/cm3
States of Matter
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Solids
Solid – Matter that has a ____________________ shape and volume.
Particles within a solid are ____________________ moving although it is quite a small amount.
___________________________ Solids are compounds that are arranged in repeating patterns.
___________________________ Solids are compounds that have no repeating pattern.
Liquids
Liquid – Matter with a definite ____________________, but no definite shape.
Particles in the liquid state can _________ ______ one another easily.
_______________________ is the rate at which liquids flow and change shape.
Surface ___________________ is the way in which the top of a liquid resists being penetrated.
Gas
Gas – Matter that does not have a _____________________ shape or volume.
Most gases are ____________________.
Gas particles move ______________________ and can spread out easily.
Gas can be compressed. Liquids can be compressed a little. Solids cannot be compressed at all.
Plasma
A state of matter not found on _____________________.
This is the most common type of ______________________.
Plasma makes up all __________________.
Chemical Properties
Why are flammability and reactivity classified as chemical properties?
A chemical property describes how a substance changes into a new substance, either by
combining with other elements or by breaking apart into new substances.
Chemical Properties, continued
Flammability is a chemical property.
____________________________: the ability to burn
Reactivity is a chemical property.
________________: the capacity of a substance to combine chemically with another substance
Properties
Physical and chemical properties are different.
Physical properties can be observed without changing the __________________ of a substance.
Chemical properties can be observed only in situations in which the identity of the substance
_______________________.