2015 LIBYA
Humanitarian
NEEDS OVERVIew
SUMMARY
September 2015
6.3M
3.08M
Total People
Affected by Crisis
Total Population
of Libya
49% population of Libya
2.44M
1.35M
Total People in
Women and Children
need of Humanitarian in Need of Humanitarian
Assistance
Assistance
79% affected population
55% of Population
in Need
(including 100,000 refugees and
asylum seekers and 150,000 migrants)
(including 100,000 refugees and
asylum seekers and 150,000 migrants)
2.44 Million
people in need of humanitarian assistance
79% of affected population
1.75M
Conflict Affected
Non-Displaced
In Need
+
0.43M
Internally Displaced
People
+
0.1M
Refugees and
Asylum Seekers
+
0.15M
Migrants
3
Priority Humanitarian Needs
Armed conflict and political instability have impacted over 3 million people across Libya. An estimated 2.44 million
people are in need of protection and some form of humanitarian assistance. This includes internally displaced
persons (IDPs), the non-displaced conflict affected population and vulnerable refugees, asylum-seekers and
migrants. The crisis is predominantly urban centered with most of the fighting taking place in major cities such as
Benghazi , Tripoli, Misrata, Sirte, Sabha and Darna.
The Libya Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) is based on a number of needs assessments conducted in 2015,
including the Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA), sector needs and gap analysis based on information from
on-going humanitarian operations in Libya and available secondary sources. In areas where conflict and insecurity
impeded access to affected people, there are some significant gaps in information in terms of the scale and
scope of humanitarian needs. There are also information gaps for some of the sectors, especially where national
information collection and reporting systems are weak, such as for protection. Despite these challenges, the HNO
broadly summarises the priority humanitarian needs of all those affected across Libya.
1. Protection of civilians, including for refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants
Widespread violations of international humanitarian and human rights
law, including incidences of gender-based violence and violations of child
rights, are being perpetrated by all parties to the conflict. With conflict
concentrating in urban areas, the impact on civilians is particularly high. An
estimated 2.44 million people are in need of some form of protection from
violence, rights violations, explosive remnants of war, forced recruitment
and other forms of abuse. This includes an estimated 250,000 refugees,
asylum-seekers and migrants in Libya that are facing significant protection
concerns, with their status making them particularly vulnerable to abuse,
marginalisation and exploitation.
People in need of Protection services
2.0
1.75
1.5
1.0
0.43
0.5
0.0
0.15
Nondisplaced
IDPs
0.10
Migrants Refugeees and
asylum seekers
Source: UNCT
2. Large-scale needs as a result of displacement
Percentage of IDPs in different shelter type
IDPs in collective
centres (24%)
IDPs in host
communities (76%)
24%
in collective
centres
An estimated 435,000 people have fled their homes in search of safety and security
due to armed conflict and escalating violence since mid-2014. Many of the displaced
are living in urban centres within host communities, with just over 100,000 living in
collective centres in the open or in makeshift buildings such as schools and empty
warehouses.
Source: UNHCR
3. Access to essential goods and services, particularly healthcare
The conflict has restricted access to basic goods and services, including food, healthcare, water and sanitation
and education. The health care system has deteriorated to the point of collapse, leading to an increase in serious
illness and disease. An estimated 1.9 million people in Libya require humanitarian aid to meet their basic health
care needs.
4
SEVERITY OF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS
Al Zawiya
Tripoli Al Murqub
Nuqat Al Khams
Al Jabal Al Akhdar
Al Jifarah
Al Marj
Derna
Misrata
Benghazi
Al Jabal Al Gharbi
Sirte
Nalut
Al Butnan
Al Wahat
Al Shati
Al Jufrah
Sabha
Wadi Al Hayat
Ghat
Murzuq
Al Kufra
Severity of Needs
_
+
5
BREAKDOWN OF PEOPLE IN NEED
TOTAL
% IN NEED
OUT OF
PROVINCE
POPULATION
% TOTAL OF
PEOPLE IN
NEED OF
ASSISTANCE
POPULATION
(2015)*
INTERNALLY
DISPLACED
PERSONS**
NONDISPLACED
PEOPLE IN
NEED
***
(DISPLACED
& NON-DISPLACED )
AL BUTNAN
178,224
10,000
9,838
19,838
11%
0.91%
AL JABAL AL AKHDAR
224,647
6,000
12,510
18,510
8%
0.85%
AL JABAL AL GHARBI
357,749
66,728
81,559
148,287
41%
6.78%
AL JIFARAH
695,308
15,905
64,784
80,689
12%
3.69%
AL JUFRA
56,536
3,390
193
3,583
6%
0.16%
AL KUFRA
54,785
NO DATA
951
951
2%
0.04%
AL MARJ
137,977
4,000
0
4,000
3%
0.18%
AL MURQUB
532,678
10,480
63,789
74,269
14%
3.4%
AL WAHAT
197,112
9,000
29,221
38,221
19%
1.75%
NUQAT AL KHAMS
322,147
9,580
109,146
118,726
37%
5.43%
AL SHATI
79,898
2,760
10,392
13,152
16%
0.6%
AL ZAWIYA
171,196
55,135
44,382
99,517
58%
4.55%
BENGHAZI
816,722
117,275
572,590
689,865
84%
31.56%
DERNA
182,263
NO DATA
60,353
60,353
33%
2.76%
GHAT
35,835
4,920
8,374
13,294
37%
0.61%
MISRATA
687,501
28,307
26,954
55,261
8%
2.53%
MURZUQ
87,340
7,700
2,167
9,867
11%
0.45%
NALUT
101,520
20,427
23,725
44,152
43%
2.02%
SABHA
154,107
4,550
108,042
112,592
73%
5.15%
SIRTE
89,566
1,950
15,040
16,990
19%
0.78%
1,078,323
54,351
455,485
509,836
47%
23.32%
75,566
2,411
52,978
55,389
73%
2.53%
6,317,000
434,869
1,752,473
2,187,342
35%
PEOPLE IN NEED
(JUNE 2015)
TRIPOLI
WADI AL HAYAT
TOTAL
Migrant estimates by IOM and Refugee estimates by
UNHCR
* Population data source: Worldpop data 2013
adjusted to UN data projection 2015.
** Figures estimated by Protection Working Group Libya
*** Highest number of people in need out of all the
sectors
The source of conflict incident is ACLED database and
the source of medical facilities status is WHO.
PEOPLE IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
(DISPLACED & NON-DISPLACED)
2,187,342
+
REFUGEES & ASYLUM-SEEKERS
100,000
TOTAL PEOPLE IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE
2,437,342
100%
+
MIGRANTS
150,000
INCLUDING 1.35M WOMEN AND
CHILDREN (55% OF THE TOTAL
POPULATION IN NEED)
6
Impact of the crisis
A deteriorating protection environment
The conflict in Libya is characterized by serious violations
of human rights and international humanitarian law.
Together with a lack of governance and rule of law,
the protection environment has deteriorated sharply,
with an increase in the incidences of abductions,
targeted killings, robberies, trafficking, and endemic
violence. Over 20,000 civilians were injured as a result
of the conflict between July 2014 and May 2015 1 , with
the actual number likely to be higher due to underreporting and escalations in fighting over the last
three months. There are widespread cases of reported
sexual violence 2 , with girls, women (including female
IDPs), refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants the
most affected. Over 980,000 children, comprising
approximately 40 per cent of people in need, have
been negatively impacted and are often the indirect
victims of conflict , and directly affected as a result of
human trafficking, forced recruitment, abduction and
torture. Approximately 270,000 children are in need of
psycho-social support in Tripoli and Benghazi alone.
Large-scale displacement
There are an estimated 435,000 IDPs in Libya, the
vast majority of whom have been displaced since the
conflict escalated in mid-2014. The majority of the
displaced, an estimated 269,000 IDPs, are located in
Group comparison of the number of times persons have
had to move after displacement
100
1 time
2 times
3 times
4 or more times
Source: MSNA
80
7%
11%
18%
2%
28%
60
40
64%
70%
20
Distribution of IDPs in the country
IDPs in southern
region (9%)
IDPs in eastern
region (29%)
62%
IDPs located in
western region
Source: UNCT
the country’s western region. Over 125,000 IDPs are
in the east, with Benghazi hosting over 115,000 IDPs
alone. According to the MSNA, over 40 per cent of IDPs,
30 per cent of migrants, and 66 per- cent of refugees
have been displaced multiple times due to the conflict,
with the vast majority of IDPs displaced for more than
six months.
The displaced face significant protection concerns and
around a third of IDP households had to flee quickly
without being able to take cash, clothing or food,
and have few resources to meet their needs. Over 86
per cent of families surveyed in the MSNA lost some
form of legal documentation, which limits their ability
to access assistance from government and local
authorities including education, health and banking
services. Given the highly volatile and unpredictable
security situation, there is no immediate prospect of
safe, voluntary and sustainable return for many IDPs.
IDPs who lost some form of
legal documentation
No (14%)
12%
18%
86%
36%
IDPs lost legal
documentation
33%
0
IDPs
Migrants
IDPs in western
region (62%)
Refugees
Source: MSNA
1 The data is based on data from the main hospitals receiving wounded persons in Benghazi and Tripoli
2 Conflict related sexual violence, United Nations Security Council, 23 March 2015 p.10
Yes (86%)
Number of Internally Displaced Persons
Tunisia
Al Zawiya Tripoli
Nuqat Al Khams
Al Jifarah
Al Murqub
9,580
10,480
Al Jabal
Al Gharbi
Nalut
Al Jabal Al Akhdar
15,905
55,135 54,351
Misrata
Benghazi
117,275
Al Marj 6,000
4,000
Derna
28,307
66,728
Sirte
20,427
1,950
Al Butnan
10,000
Al Wahat
9,000
Al Shati
2,760
Algeria
Al Jufra
3,390
Sabha
Wadi Al Hayat
Ghat
4,920
4,550
Egypt
2,411
Murzuq
Al Kufra
7,700
.43 Million
Chad
No. of Internally Displaced Persons Niger
Sudan
8
An increase in vulnerability for refugees,
asylum seekers and migrants
There are an estimated 250,000 vulnerable refugees,
asylum-seekers and migrants in Libya. They are
frequently denied access to basic services, including
healthcare, education and legal support as a result of
their status. The MSNA revealed that a total of 44 per
cent of refugees and 33 per cent of migrants surveyed
have limited or no access to health facilities. 43 per
cent of refugee households also reported that their
school-aged children do not regularly attend school.
Furthermore, refugees, asylum seekers and migrants
often lack a social network to rely upon for additional
support and are less able to seek assistance from
local communities, and often find themselves subject
to abuse and exploitation from criminal smuggling
networks.
Overall harsh conditions and a lack of access to
services in Libya have further pushed many refugees,
asylum-seekers and migrants to seek refuge in Europe.
From January to July 2015, the overwhelming majority
of the 94,000 migrants and asylum-seekers crossing
the Mediterranean Sea to Italy departed from Libya.
Migrants Deaths in the Mediterranean by Month, 2015
1,500
1,265
1,200
900
677
600
359
300
0
Jan
95
69
77
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
130
10
Jun
Jul
Aug
Ability to access health facilities
100
Yes
Limited
No
80
60
40
Source: MSNA
2%
15%
83%
11%
6%
27%
38%
61%
55%
20
0
IDPs
Migrants
Refugees
Refugees, asylum seekers and migrants often face
serious protection concerns. They are at risk of
deportation and refoulement, with most of those in
Libya internally displaced multiple times due to the
conflict. More than 67 per cent report to feeling unsafe,
including being targets of xenophobia and religious
profiling. Approximately 2,000 – 4,500 migrants and
refugees are held in migrant detention centres, with
the conditions in these centres extremely difficult. They
are often overcrowded, some are run by militia groups
and the detainees have little access to basic goods and
services.
School attendance of school-aged children
100
Regularly
Sometimes
Never
80
60
40
Source: MSNA
10%
12%
78%
3%
5%
16%
26%
91%
57%
20
A collapsing health system
An estimated 18 per cent of primary health care
clinics and more than 20 per cent of hospitals are
not functioning, with over 60 per cent of hospitals at
times inaccessible or closed in conflict areas over the
last six months. Those facilities and hospitals that are
open and accessible are overcrowded with patients,
have limited resources to respond and often have to
prioritise trauma care patients. There is also a severe
shortage of essential medicines, medical supplies and
vaccines, with hospitals under-staffed as a large number
of foreign workers have fled the country and local
workers are sometimes unable to access hospitals due
to fighting. Furthermore, health network coordination,
surveillance and information sharing has been curbed
due to breakdowns in communication particularly
between different administrations.
Fully
functioning
Partially
functioning
Not
functioning
Not available
Source: MSNA
Availability of health care facilities
100
80
60
4%
4%
59%
20
32%
0
IDPs
Migrants
Refugees
7%
11%
38%
9%
9%
27%
64%
40
Public
Hospitals
0
9%
4%
54%
49%
18%
Private Primary
Hospitals Health
Centres
Private
Clinics
9
Increasing food insecurity
Over 1.28 million people are food-insecure, with
the most severe cases reported in Benghazi and in
the south. This number includes over 175,000 IDPs
and over 1 million non-displaced host communities.
Commercial supply routes have been disrupted, which
in turn has limited the availability of food and led to
severe price increases, with staples such as flour, rice
and sugar tripling since May 2014. In addition, 1.5
million people have been impacted by the loss of
livelihoods, with many families unable to meet their
food needs or relying on savings and/or reducing their
health and education expenditures to feed themselves.
Average share of expenditure spend on food
60
50
40
40%
42%
43%
46%
Reduced
children
access
to
education
for
Armed conflict has led to a decrease in school enrolment
rates, with the MSNA reporting an average drop of
20 per cent across the country (21 per cent boys / 17
per cent girls). Benghazi is the most affected province
with enrolment rates as low as 50 per cent, which is
primarily due to 73 per cent of schools no longer being
functional. Out of 239 schools in Benghazi, 110 are
inaccessible due to the conflict and 64 are occupied by
IDPs. Across the country, 150,000 children are at risk of
no longer having access to education because of the
crisis.
Status of schools in Benghazi
51%
Functional (23%)
30
20
10
0.10
0
Host Migrants Returnees IDPs Refugees
Community
Source: MSNA
Deteriorating access to safe drinking
water and sanitation
An estimated 680,000 people are in need of
humanitarian assistance to meet their basic water and
sanitation needs. Over 70 per cent of those surveyed
rely on the main network to access their household
water needs. Wastewater treatment is also a growing
concern, especially for the internally displaced,
refugees, asylum seekers and migrants that reside in
collective centres in semi-built structures and public
buildings.
Most common drinking water source
Water trucking (2%) Open well (1%)
Bottled Water (16%)
73%
Source: MSNA
Main Network(73%)
73%
schools not
accessible
Source: MSNA
NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN NEED OF
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE BY SECTOR
People in need of assistance Affected people
WASH
Protection
Food assistance
Shelter and NFI
Closed well (8%)
rely on main
network
Occupied by
IDPs (27%)
Inaccessible (46%)
Health
Early Recovery
Education
0.68M
3.08M
2.44M
3.08M
1.28M
3.08M
0.3M
3.08M
1.9M
3.08M
1.5M
3.08M
0.15M
3.08M
10
humanitarian access
Significant escalations in conflict, insecurity and
criminality prompted the majority of international
aid organizations to temporarily relocate outside the
country in July 2014, primarily to Tunisia.
Sirte as well as about 200 kilometers of the coastal area
east of the city and Darna in eastern Libya are under
ISIL control or influence, and largely inaccessible to
humanitarian partners.
The aid operation is thus being managed remotely and
conducted in partnership with Libyan actors, including
national humanitarian organizations, local authorities,
and civil society groups. Nine international NGOs have
operational presence in Tripoli, Benghazi, Misrata and
Sabha, with international staff conducting regular visits.
Armed conflict and violence pose access challenges in
other parts of the country, particularly in the east and in
the south, including Benghazi, Al Kufrah, Sabha, Awbari
and Ghat. Whilst national and local partners are able to
meet humanitarian needs across most of these areas,
incidences of and escalations in conflict can delay or
impede their ability to rapidly reach people in need.
The capacity of national and local partners also remains
insufficient in meeting the needs of all those affected.
Humanitarian access to areas in need varies
considerably across provinces. Areas under the control
of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) have not
been accessible, with ISIL expanding its territorial
presence and control since late 2014. Areas such as
Logistical challenges, due to the remoteness of some
areas, are a constraint to accessing all areas in the south.
Humanitarian Access
Al Zawiya
Tripoli Al Khums
!
!
\
! !
!
Misrata
Al Khums ! !
!
Zuwara
TUNISIA
Al Bayda
Al Marj
Derna
!
Tobruk
Benghazi !
!
Gharyan
!
!
!
Sirte
!
!
Ghadames
Ajdabiya
!
ALGERIA
Waddan
!
EGYPT
Brak
Sabha
!
Awbari
!
!
Murzuq
!
Ghat
!
Al Kufra
NIGER
CHAD
Security risk
!
Extreme
!
High
!
Substantial
!
No data
Humanitarian access
Extremly difficult access
Medium access constraints
Major parts are controlled by the terrorist elements, heavy presence
of snipers and explosive devices, checkpoints and travel
restrictions coupled with possibility of heavy fighting.
Area with presence of some terrorist elements, heavy presence of
militia, explosive devices, checkpoints and travel restrictions
coupled with possibility of sporadic fighting.
Medium access constraints and logistical problems
Area with presence of some terrorist elements, heavy presence of
militia, explosive devices, checkpoints and travel restrictions, with
logistical problems due to remoteness of the area.
11
capacity to respond
3W OPERATIONAL PRESENCE (As of June 2015)
NUMBER OF PARTNERS PER
PROVINCE
Al Zawiya
Tripoli Al Murqub
Nuqat Al Khams
Al Jabal Al Akhdar
Al Jifarah
Al Marj
Derna
Misrata
1-5
6 - 10
Benghazi
Sirte
Al Jabal Al Gharbi
Al Butnan
Nalut
11 - 15
Al Wahat
16 - 20
20+
Al Shati
Al Jufrah
Extremely difficult humanitarian
access
Medium humanitarian access
constraints
Sabha
Ghat
Wadi Al Hayat
Medium humanitarian access
constraints and logistical problems
Murzuq
Al Kufra
NUMBER OF PARTNERS BY CLUSTER/PROVINCE
0
1
5
10
Protection
Health
15
20+
Shelter and
Non-Food
Items
Food Security
and
Agriculture
Al Butnan
4
1
Al Jabal Al Akhdar
4
1
Al Jabal Al Gharbi
8
Al Jifarah
4
1
1
Al Jufra
3
1
1
Al Kufra
2
1
1
Al Marj
4
1
1
Al Murqub
2
Al Wahat
4
Nuqat Al Khams
5
Al Shati
3
Al Zawiya
5
3
Benghazi
9
4
Derna
1
Ghat
5
Early
Recovery
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
2
5
1
1
1
independently verified and is subject to error or omission, deliberate or otherwise by the
1
8
Wadi Al Hayat
3
Not specified
11
2
7
4
13
1
6
4
14
1
3
28
1
2
12
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
3
2
4
6
6
1
1
15
5
1
1
TOTAL
8
1
2
2 status is likely
4 to change.2
Nalutvarious sources. Due to the3fluidity of the5conflict, control
Tripoli
3
1
official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The data for this map has a
Sirte
Coordination
5
3
Murzuq
limited number of sources, including
parties to the conflict.
2 The data 1has not been
3
6
Education
5
The boundaries and names4shown and the
Misrata
1 designations used on this1 map do not imply
1
Sabha
Water and
Sanitation
Creation date: 12 August 2014
11
4
Glide Number: OT-2014-000074-IRQ
Sources: Clusters
7
1
Feedback: [email protected]
20
1
1
2
https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/operations/iraq
4
1
1
22
2
4
1
4
23
1
1
7
5
33
5
2
5
1
http://www.reliefweb.int
12
ResponSE MATRIX
NUMBER OF PROJECTS (As of June 2015)
NUMBER OF PROJECTS PER
PROVINCE
Al Zawiya
Tripoli Al Murqub
Nuqat Al Khams
Al Jabal Al Akhdar
Al Jifarah
Al Marj
Derna
Misrata
1-5
6 - 10
Benghazi
Al Jabal Al Gharbi
11 - 15
Sirte
Al Butnan
Nalut
16 - 20
Al Wahat
20+
Al Shati
Al Jufrah
Extremely difficult humanitarian
access
Medium humanitarian access
constraints
Sabha
Wadi Al Hayat
Ghat
Medium humanitarian access
constraints and logistical problems
Murzuq
Al Kufra
NUMBER OF PROJECTS BY CLUSTER/PROVINCE
0
1
5
10
Protection
Health
15
20+
Shelter and
Non-Food
Items
Food Security
and
Agriculture
Al Butnan
7
2
Al Jabal Al Akhdar
7
2
Al Jabal Al Gharbi
11
Early
Recovery
1
5
1
2
4
2
1
Al Kufra
4
1
2
Al Marj
7
2
2
Al Murqub
3
Al Wahat
7
Nuqat Al Khams
7
Al Shati
4
Al Zawiya
6
4
Benghazi
14
5
Derna
2
Ghat
6
1
2
3
5
1
1
3
10
1
2
2
official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The data for this map has a
independently verified and is subject to error or omission, deliberate or otherwise by the
2 to change.
Nalutvarious sources. Due to the3fluidity of the conflict, control status is likely
2
12
Wadi Al Hayat
4
Not specified
4
11
5
17
2
9
7
20
1
4
44
1
2
15
2
2
1
2
3
1
3
2
3
4
1
3
1
2
5
3
11
11
1
2
1
21
11
2
2
2
TOTAL
7
Murzuq
limited number of sources, including
parties to the conflict.
2 The data 2has not been
4
Tripoli
5
4
The boundaries and names5shown and the
Misrata
1 designations used on this2 map do not imply
1
Sirte
Refugee and
Migrant
Response
9
4
Al Jufra
9
Education
9
Al Jifarah
Sabha
Water and
Sanitation
Creation date: 12 August 2014
14
5
Glide Number: OT-2014-000074-IRQ
Sources: Clusters
9
1
Feedback: [email protected]
7
2
https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/operations/iraq
6
3
6
1
6
3
1
32
1
3
7
34
1
11
3
12
http://www.reliefweb.int
13
This document was produced by the Humanitarian Country Team for Libya in collaboration with humanitarian partners.
‘The Libya Humanitarian Country Team would like to thank all partners, notably the European Commission for Humanitarian
Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO), for supporting the development of the Humanitarian Needs Overview’
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area
or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Cover photo credit: Aeman BENSAOUD
Cover photo: Sabri area Benghazi
Second page photo credit: Adam Styp-Rekowski
Second page photo: Ruins in Bab Al Aziziya in Tripoli
September 2015
http://img.static.reliefweb.int/country/lby
http://www.unocha.org/romena/about-us/about-ocha-regional/libya
https://twitter.com/ocharomena?lang=en