TEMA 5: AL-ANDALUS.
LESSON 5: AL-ANDALUS.
Profesor. Don Antonio Miguel Martín Ponce.
IES Lauretum.
Espartinas (Sevilla)
Session 0: Andalusian cultural heritage.
La Giralda s. XII.
(Sevilla)
Mosque
Koutubia. S.XII d.C
(Morocco)
Session 0: Andalusian cultural heritage.
Typical Arabs sweets
Andalusian
Geometrical
decoration.
Session 0: Andalusian cultural heritage.
az-zaytūna
al-hanbal
al-kuḥl ‫اﻟﻛﺣول‬
‫( إن ﺷﺎء ﷲ‬in sha'a Allah
sukkar.
‫“ أﻟﻣﺧزن‬al-mahzan”
al-mukkadha
Arabic and latin
words.
‫ اﻟزﯾﺗوﻧﺔ‬,
Spanish words
Session 1: What was Al-Andalus?
Visigoth kingdom in
700.
‫ة‬Before Islam came to Iberian Peninsula, the ancient Visigoth Kingdom
was. Visigoths kings had too many problems to rule, due to the will of
the different nobles that intended to take the power.
So, Civil war was unavoidable.
Witiza’s family asked the muslims in North
Africa for help. The governor of this
region, Musa, and his general Tariq, took
their troops across the sea to Iberian
Peninsula and defeated King Rodrigo at
Batalla de Guadalete.
Muslims conquered nearly all the
Peninsula and called it Al-Andalus. Just a
few northern territories remained under
christian authority.
Session 1: Al-Andalus political history.
Damascus Emirate
711-756.
‫ة‬Al-Andalus
was ruled by a
governor o emir, under the
Ummayad Caliphate of Damascus.
During this period, Muslims found
little resistance from the Visigoths.
Just a few of them still fought in the
North. Pelagius and his men
matched muslims forces in
Covadonga (722), stopping Islam’s
advance through peninsula.
Session 1: Al-Andalus political history.
Cordoba
Emirate
In the 750, Ummayad family
was assasinated. Just one of
them survived and fled to AlAndalus. His name was Abd-AlRahman. Supported by his
loyals, arrived to Peninsula and
defeated emir’s forces.
In 756, Abd-Al-Rahman
became Emir of Cordoba.
Although he obeyed religious
authority from Caliph, he
remained politically
independent.
Session 1: Al-Andalus political history.
The Caliphate of
Cordoba 929-1031.
Despite revolts and Christian
attacks, Abd-Al-Rahman III
inherited the throne in 912.
He proclaimed himself as Caliph.
He managed spiritual and political
powers. As a result, Cordoba
became independent from
Bagdad’s authority, competing with
the Abbasid caliph.
During the Caliphate, Cordoba got
stronger and powerful. Hisham II
became Caliph after Abd-AlRahman II death. Under his rule,
his general Al-Mansur attacked and
defeated Christian kingdoms.
Caliphate of Cordoba was the most
brilliant period in Al-Andalus
history. It ended because of civil
wars at the beginning of the 11th
century.
Session 1: Al-Andalus political history.
The Taifas 1031-1147.
In 1031, Caliphate disappeared
because of internal revolts and
divided into taifas or small
kingdoms. The most important
were Seville, Toledo, Zaragoza or
Badajoz.
Nonetheless, they were an easy
prey for Christian kingdoms that
raided taifas very often. Taifas had
to pay taxes called parias for
surviving.
When Toledo was conquered by
Castilla, the rest of Taifas asked for
help to Almoravids.
Session 1: Al-Andalus political history.
Almoravids and
Almohads. 1147-1212
Due to the Taifas weakness, tribes from North Africa came to
Al-Andalus. These tribes invaded Al-Andalus and continued
fighting against the Christian Kingdoms.
Finally, a Christian force was mustered by Alfonso VIII, king of
Castilla, and defeated Almohads in Las Navas de Tolosa
(1212). It meant the beginning of the End for Islam in Spain.
Granada remained as the remnant of ancient Al-Andalus glory.
Session 1: Al-Andalus political history.
The Nasrid kingdom
of Granada
1248-1492
The kingdom of Granada became
the last muslim territory on the
Iberian Peninsula. It covered
provinces of Malaga, Almeria,
Granada and eastern part of Cadiz.
It was governed by Nasr family.
For surviving as a kingdom,
Granada became a vassal of
Castilla. However, Castilla and
Granada were in war during two
centuries, until Catholic Monarchs
conquered the city in 1492.
SUMMARIZING…
ACTIVITIES
1) Where did the Muslims enter the Iberian Peninsula?
2) Where did they go after that? Which cities did they go through?
3) Which territories were occupied by Al-Andalus during the Caliphate?.
4) Who lived in the north of the Iberian Peninsula?
5) Fill the gaps: ________________ is the Arabic name for the Iberian Peninsula under
muslim occupation. The History of Al-Andalus dates from _______ when Tariq’s
troops landed in the peninsula, to ________, when the Catholic Monarchs defeated
the Kingdom of Grana.
DESARROLLO COMPETENCIAS BÁSICAS.
LINGÜÍSTICA
Dictados - Realización Actividades - Pruebas Orales y
Escritas.
MATEMÁTICA
Era Islámica - Era Cristiana
INFORMACIÓN Y COMPETENCIA
DIGITAL
Análisis de recursos gráficos empleados.
CULTURAL Y ARTÍSTICA
Arte Islámico.
APRENDER A APRENDER
Mapas Conceptuales.
Dictados.
SOCIAL Y CIUDADANA
AUTONOMÍA E INICIATIVA PERSONAL
INTERACCIÓN MUNDO FÍSICO
Evolución de hechos históricos.
Comparativas tiempos históricos - actuales.
Modos de vida y económicos históricos.
Realización Actividades - Actividades de Ampliación.
Mapas Históricos - Geográficos.
Comparativa
RECURSOS EMPLEADOS - AGRADECIMIENTOS
VV.AA “ Ciencias Sociales 2º ESO. Proyecto Ánfora” Oxford Educación. 2008.
Estella.
VV.AA “Historia del Arte. 2º Bachillerato.” Vicens-Vives. 2011. Barcelona.
Fichas Historia El Mundo.
Wikipedia.
Buscador Google.