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University Records
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1908
Canton Christian College: its field and work in
China
Canton Christian College
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Canton Christian
College
ITS
FIELD A N D W ORK
IN CHINA
( illi STUX,
A|V. ^KMNOMIXATIOKAL
t • II M )K D l \ I UK I \ I t K I v| tit r u r M fS.'li >\S I ijALL D E N O M IN A T IO N S M U u K k IN feOl’TM i MINA
I 9 0 S
——
Trustees of the Canton Christian College
i $6 F ifth A ve., N ew York
I n* or porateil
•
»
-
•
•
Samuel Macauley Jackson, D .D .,L L I),, President
Charles A. Stoddard, I ). I ) , I .I .. 1>, / ice President
Hon. Darwin k. James
Francis S. "Phraner
W. Henry Grant, iSV<r//<*rv-and T re a s u re r
h t t i t i S ecretary
Herbert F. House
a
Advisory0 Board
Hon. John W Foster, LL.D., Washington
Daniel Cent Gilman, I.F.D., Baltimore
W. A. P. Martin, I.L.D., Peking
Hon. Seth Low, LL.D., New ^ ork
Rev. F. F. Fllinwood, FL. D , New Yolk
Rev. C harles R. I rdman, Princeton
C o rm fh m J iH g
I'h d R x e c u tiv e O ttn «*r" F o re ig n
••
1/
John II- C onverse, Philadelphia
Fdwin I. Gillies, New York
Frank Morton M i Murry, Ph.D., New York
I. B. Miller, Flizabeth
Luther D. Wishard, New York
I lurlan P Beach, LI D., New Haven
n(>>i \
M is s io n s
/'. <
H o a rd s
H a v in g
a
COLLEGE \ UORESS
Canton Christian C olUgr
Hunpluk, C anton, C hnu
—
M
iik
W ich m l In na
AKE CHINA S TRONG." This is the cry of patriotism and progress
throughout China, the key-note of the Reform Movement. To make
China strong the Anti-Opium edict has the support of the people. To
make China strong, the people themselves are abolishing the foot-binding torture,
which has s o crippled the women as to disable mothers
in the proper care of their children. And to make
China strong the whole nation is seeking the “useful
learning ” of the West, which has made Europe and
America strong and given Japan her place among
the Rations.
Bewildered, and lost in the immensity and newness of her problems: lacking schools, lacking
teachers, lacking leaders, the supreme need of
China is guidance and help in her first steps along the
right way. The opportunity presented to the Canton
Christian College for aiding China in this crisis of
her history should awaken the °enthusiasm of every
person who can take any part in its development.
We strive and build not simply tor a college,
hut that the Empireand the race may be educated
by the light and lite-giving power of an educated
leadership trained in a Christian school. The time
to help China is now.
M
S trategic
Position
of
Clanton
Strategic Position of Canton
A N T O N , th e S o u th ern g a tewav of China, is the commerical, literary, and
official m etropolis of South C hina. It has a population of over tw o mili l l i o n s , a n d
i s t h e c a p i t a l o f
t h e
t w o
p r o v i n c e s o f K w a n g
T u n S
g
a n s du p Kp o wr t aa n p go p u l a t i o n o f a b o u t
hcttogether
i,w
forty millions. The people from these provinces are almost only Chinese who travel extensively.
They are found engaged in leading occupations in all parts of the Empire, in all
adjoining countries a n d s c a t t e r e d o v e r a l l w o r l d .
Canton is situated on the Pearl River, ninety miles from the British island
and port of Hongkong. It is th e nearest c i t y t o A m e r i c a n t e r r i t o r y i n
C
the Philippines.
Prom this
p o int
all China can be influenced b y a n educational institution.
Relation of Canton to Hongkong. Macao and th« I>«lta
An American school of learning of the first class at Canton will be vital in
promoting good relations between the two nations lacing each other on the
Pac ific , America and China.
Situated thus at the most strategic point in the Empire, at the capital of
this extensive and densely populated territory where multitudes of of young men
and women are eager for Western knowledge, the Canton Christian College has
been established and is vigorously prosecuting its work.
L o c a t i o n at C a n t o n
HE College is located on tine
south bank of the Pearl River.
on a hill, in full view of the city.
It is just across the river from the
east suburb of Canton, having all the
advantages of proximity to the city,
with pure air and greater freedom
from the temptations of city life.
The site is one of great beauty overlooking rice fields, orchards, and gardens, with an exceedingly line view of
the river, city, and distant mountains.
The Trustees have already purchased forty acres of ground, and to
this should be added enough more to provide for unhindered growth, to p r o v id e
for missionary residences and denominational schools t hat Will inevitably gather
at this center, and to protect the university and settlement from encroachments
by Chinese villages and tradesmen.
T
Village Amid the T rees and Rice Fields, South o f College Grounds
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H u d 1* ry« V i r » « i l h i Pr«j«*Ud U niversity *( H onglok, C auluu
Chiu«. I r iw lx i of H i t Canton C hristian C o lleg e. New York
■ ■'? S",
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Architectural Plan of the College Grounds
T H E F o u n d e r s o f t h e Canton Christian College had in m ind the ultimate
establishment o f a Christian U n i v e r s i t y as a center of intellectu a l and
spiritual culture for S o u th C
h ina and to this end the Trustees have had a
monumental plan o f the grounds made, in which the whole scheme of buildings for
the present and ultimate needs of t he College, the walks, grades, and campus
spaces, have been carefully studied.
Historical
Resume
I the year 1884 the American Presbyterian Mission at
N
Canton authorized the Rev. B. C. Henry, D. D., who was
ab o u t to return to the United States on furlough, to solicit
the cooperation and contributions of friends of Christian education in China in the founding of a college at ('anton. Following
Dr. Henry, in December of the same year, the Rev. A. P. Happer,
D.D. returned to America charged with the same mission, and,
after receiving the endorsement of the Board of Foreign Missions
Rev. b . C Henry, d . d of the P
r e s b y t e r i a n Church and of many
prominent people of different
d
e
nominations, proceeded to
raise funds in the name of the
“Trustees of the Christian College in C hina,” afterw ards changed to “ Trustees of the
Canton Christian College,” a
n
d
b
y
the end of the year 1887
had secured about $82,000 in
gifts and subscriptions.
Mr. Henry Martin o f
P
h i l a delphia, formerly of Cincinnati;
Mr. David Torrens and M
r s
.
Robert L. Stuart of New York,
Mr J o h n H C o n v e r s e of Pli
l
adelphia, and Mr. William
Thaw of Pittsburg were among
the first and principal givers
to this fund.
Dr. Happ e r was elected
president of the College in
J
une 1887, and arrived in
Canton about January, 1888.
fully conducted a school for teaching English and science until
the spring of 1891.
The failure to secure land after diligent effort, the return
of Dr. H a p p e r to the United States on account of declining
health, and the reopening of the question of location, caused
a further delay of two years in the starting of the College.
The
S ta te
C o lle g e
of N ew
w as
in c u r ] to rn t e d
under
Y o r k , D e c e m b e r 1 3 , 18 9 3 .
tile
R e g e n ts
of
tile
Rev. A. F. Happer, 0 .0 .
In
the Trustees- took over by purchase from the
Board of F o reign Missions of the Presbyterian Church its Fati
Sschool and property, in the suburbs of Canton, after which
the C ollege project passed through a period of four years with
out change in the character of that school, which the Trustees
relinquished and resold to the Board of Foreign Missions in 1898
A call was then issued tor three Christian educationalists, which
resulted in sending out Rev. O scar F . Wisner, M.A ., D .D ., as
president, Andrew H . Woods. M.D . and Clancey M Lewis,
B
. S
.
W ith its new organization the
College opened June 3, 1899.
with six students. In two week
s
the number had doubled and
b y Novermber 6th the secretary
had registered tw en t y -nine
boystw
entyofw
hom
w
ereinregularatendancInJueof
1900, on account of the disturbed condition of China, the school was moved to Macao, a
Portuguese settlement near Hongkong, where it remained until removed to it s present location in
1
8
9
4
1904
At
theopeningof the schoolyearinMarch1904,atMacao,severtyboyswereenrolled. in1905,atCantonseverty-sizwereenrolled. In1906,onehundredandthreeeightyfivewereenrolled,andin1907,onehundredand
eighty-live were enrolled, t h e n u m b e r i n actual attendance
b e in g at present about o
n
e
hundred and forty.
This material evidence of the perma n e n c e a n d steady
grow th of the College is having a marked effect upon
the Chinese Church and upon the Chinese g e n try and
o f f i c i a l s .
U
n
d
o
u
b
t e
d
l y
i t
w
i l l
d ra w a tte n tio n to th e fa c t th a t
Christianity,andgive stands
dignity
for what
and power
is best intothethe
lifeChristian
of the nation
Church and
its institutions.
Mr. David Torrens
College Grounds
e
g
inning 1904 on the new site with the erection of a group of temp o
rary bungalows, which are now occupied as dormitories, there have been
added three o n e - s t o r y house's for professors and a College Hall, just
completed. Keen in these temporary structures, greatly lacking in convenience
and comfort, the school has made fine progress.
B
C o lleg e
G ro u n d s
A THOROUGHLY suitabl e modern building, the new College hall is cons
tructed of brick and reinforced concrete; t he first and second stories
a re u s e d fo r c la s s ro o m s , th e third for the dormitories o f the unmarried
American teachers.
Visitors to C a nton and the missionaries and foreigners residing there remark
at once on the delightful . s i t u a t i o n , the substantial construction, and the hand­
some appearance of this building.
A three story brick and concrete dormitory to cost about $15,000 and to
accommodate one hundred students should b e provided at once to meet, the
natural growth of the school.
t
Student
Body
NE hundred and forty students w ere in attendance at the beginning of
the second half of 1907. These students p a y their b o a rd and about
ninety dollars gold each p e r year for room rent and tuition. Under the
system of training and school life at the College the change in new students is so
marked as to amount to a transformation. Their minds are awakened and freed
from the dull routine of memorizing, their mental food is sufficient for great
expansion in their horizon and interest, and they becom e alert, responsive in
class and chapel and on the athletic field and in social intercourse.
O
Chinese students, generally speaking, are more amenable to discipline and
more diligent in t he pursuit of their studies than American students of the same
age; they experience somewhat greater difficulty in studies requiring constructive thinking, owing chiefly to this deficiency in their early training rather than
to any marked difference in mental power.
The almost total lack of competent teachers is the great hindrance of the
Chinese Government in its efforts to establish modern schools. This is the
opportu n ity for the Christian educator in China to make the men who will be
the makers of the new China, as scholars, educators, physicians, statesmen, business men, and as leaders. Never has there been a greater opportunity for
Christian enterprise than here and now, but if the Christian educational work is
to take the lead it must be pressed forward vigorously without delay.
Religious
L i f e and Work
HE
Student C h ristian Association num bered thirty- t w o m e m b e r s a t t h e
b e g in n in g o f the year, It has a weekly meeting for prayer and the
presentation and discussion of subjects affecting the daily life of students.
T
Religious Influence.—The influence of the religion work in the institution was
manifested in two recent services, when forty-four students express their desire
t o become Christians, fourteen of whom saw no hindrance while to the other
thirty the way was not yet clear.
V illage W o rk - In a d d itio n to w o rk
within the College grounds the Christian
Association has carried on a work o f teaching
and lecturing in the schools and ancestral
halls in the villages within a few miles of
the College, which contain a population of
over a hundred and seven ty-five thousand.
In this village work one or two Christian
boys take several boys not vet professing
Christians along with them, who enter heart
ily into the work of teaching and explaining.
These groups are welcomed by tile school teachers and head men of the villages. Mr. Chung
Wing Kwong, Chinese head-m aster in the
College, has taken active part in organizing
and cooperation with the boys in this mission work, which is hot o n l y evangelistic,
but often includes educational talks. It illustrates t he beginnings in one, direction in
which t he College will exert an influence as
a great evangelizing and uplifting power.
N
Athl etics
Nothinghing marks the spirit of New China, more distinctly than the enthustastic turning of the students to athletics. A few years ago it was
considered undignified tor a student to take any exercuse more violent
than a slow walk. Long finger-nails were in fashion and ill health common.
When athletics weje just introduced as a stimulant to physical development, the boysplayedplayed baseball and association football in their long
c o a ts whichreachedtotheir heels, andwhen they desired to run would first
have to “ gather up their skirts.”
How great the change! - a change
which is becoming general among Chi­
nese students. In the College this year
there are six football teams and several
baseball, basketball, and track teams.
The boys are no longer under compulsion
to exercise. Interest in their games is
as earnest as in their studies, which in
China is proverbial.
The first track meet in South China
was held J a n u a r y 16-17, 1906, on the
Governm ent parade ground at Canton. It
was arranged by the Bureau of Education
of Canton, and forty-seven schools were
enrolled It was attended fur two days by
two thousand students, and sixteen thousand spectators, the Viceroy, and many
Chinese officials and foreign residents
living present. The Canton Christian College scored the large st number of p»ints
and can led of! the Flag of Victory, which
was presented by the Viceroy.
The second track meet, held January 4,
1907, was arranged by a Student Association
o f fo rty schools organized b y
Chung, the Chinese headm aster of the
Canton Christina College. This meet was carried through in a much better wya than
the first, was highly successful, and received the a p p ro v a l o f a ll c o n c e rn e d , the
Chinese gentry and officials contributing $500 Mexican toward the expenses. Over
$1,000 was received for admissions to reserved space. Chinese officials, foreign
residents, and many Chinese ladies were among the runny thousand spectators.
G irl
o
Students
For Seveal years a few girl relatives of the C hinese
t e a c h e r s , h a v e b e e n a d m itte d to
p re p a r a t o r y c la s s e s o f
the C ollege w ith good reuslts. Their records have been
equal to or better than those of th e b o y s. Many others have
also applied tor admission.
Provision should he made tor a woman‘s department, with
its own dormitories and classroom s but w ith laboratories and
special courses ot other dejiartm ents avauAhte.
I lie hist need ot the prej juratory
school for girls is a building and two American women teachers. '
So eager are Chinese girls for an education that some of them have gone to
tlu (iovernment schools in Canton disguised as boys, others
have studied under -q*vial tutors to their own undoing.
.Yuan
Shih Kai.
tlu- 1110.4 ubh
md | >« 11 tul stall
in
China, Crand Councillor of tlu Knipire, *' 1 he <treat Viceroy,'
“ 'H ie
M a rt
schools
uf
I- >ji
-t t < 1 p r o c l a i m i n g
i-\ e rv w h c n
T ie n ts in .
I hr
n< »tal
1
1.• t
educated alike.”
need
address
! 11« :;t
tUorc illdlsJ-K usable l.«
It is needful th at tti all tin
th e
■ >t
- e lr -i <1.-
"1
m o d e rn
g iv e n
is -.till
v B
tin 1 •''ts
'h i
provinces rich and poor U-
^
n*
I ' 1: g i l l . ,
in
H
H
V
Yuan Shih K»I
F ac u lty and W o rk
h a r l e s K . E d m u n d , P h . D , Acting President ; Olin D. Wannamaker,
M.A. Henry B. Graybill, M.A., Clinton N.. Laird,
M.A. Chester G. Fuson,
B.A. Owen E Pomeroy, B.A. C. A. Bergstresser, M.A.,
James E. Morrow, B.A. Rev. Earl C. Cleeland, G. W . Groff, B.A. The Rev. O.
F. Wiser, D.D. has resignedafter nine years of faithful service as President.
C
*
’
The Faculty is composed of picked men, graduates from American colleges,
who have had experience as Christina workers, and who have consecrated themselves to the task of building up a Chrisitna university. The Chinese members
of the teaching staff maintain a high standard of Chinese scholarlship. The Chinese
teachers are acquiring a command of the English language by taking the
regular course in science, history, and modern method.
The work of the institution, except in the Chinese department, is conducted
largely in English. F o r the most part the students are in the preparatory school,
there being only a few students in the collegiate grades. It is proposed to include
manual training in the elementary courses, which will culminate in an industrial
department for those hot choosing the higher academic work. In due t ime
courses will be conducted in pedagogies, engineering, and other subjects, the
purpose being to cover the whole sphere of university training.
Rev. Charles C. Creegan, D. D> Secretary of the A. B. C. F. M., writes under
date of November 15th 1907 as follows:
I want in a word to tell you how great pleased I was with all that I saw of the
Christian College at Canton during the day which I spent there last April. I found a
large and well located campus; a splendid building, admirably adapted tor its purpose;
an able faculty, and a fine body of bright and promising students. I had the feeling
while there, and after the lapse of several months I still feel that there is no institution
in China, especially in the southern part of the Empire, that is destined to do more tor
the millions in that great land, it it is properly equipped and endowed, than that excellent
Christian College. It any word of mine can be of help to you at any time in securing
the funds which that college greatly needs, please command me.
Medical
School
T H
E
original plan of the College included a School of
Medicine. The C h ristia n Association of the University
o f P e n n s y l v a n i a has assum ed responsibility and control
of this scho o l, and through a special board of tru stees is conducting the work under t h e title of " T h e U n iv e r s ity Medical
School in C a n to n C h in a " It is in close affiliation with the
College and united with it in the effort to b u ild u p a C hristian
univ e rsity . T heir plan is to establish, first a disp e n s a r y then
a fully eq u ip p e d hos p ita l a n d coincidently, a m edical school,
in which, under the strongest C hristian influences, th e high inte llectual and scientific standards of teaching an d research of
t h e U n iv ersity of Pennsylvania shall b e m aintained.
T hey have already obtained $ 15,000 for the purchase of a site a nd for the
erectionofahospital on land c o n tig e o u s to th a t o f th e C a n to n C h ristian College
The complete plant will g iv e immediate relicf to the sick, prom ote original
r e s e a rc h in th e wide field o f tropical disease, a n d m o s t im portant of all will
sedn out men trained to meet the needs of their fellows, build up o th er medical
C
e
n
t e
r s
o
f
C
h
r i s t i n
a
i n f l u e n c e a n d t o w e r s o f strength in th e com m unities into
w
h
i c
h
t h
e
y
The University Medical School is supported by the students, alumni, and
friends of the University Of Pennsylvania. The annual budget for the
support of the work and two physicians, the second of
whom will go to China in the fall of 1908 will be $5,000. Josiah C.
McCracken, M.D. or Physician in charge Edward C. Wood, Treasurer,
Houston, Hall, West Philadelphia, Pa. PRofessor Andrew H. Woods,
M.D. of U of P Medical School, 99 has given sever years of faithful
service as a teacher in the College, in professional practice in
Canton and in preparing the way for the medical school, showing a
thoroughness in his work that must stamp the school for quality
g
o
A W o r d i n Season
O n e o f t h e f a c u l t y , M r . O l i n W a n n a m aker w rite s as follows:
"It is hard for me to believe that there has ever been in history of missions a greater
opportunity than nowfaces the Church
in C h in a . A n E m p ir e o f g r e a t p a s t h is t o r y a n d o f u n to ld p o s s iilitie s fo r
th e fu tu re is th ro w in g its e lf o p e n t o a ll s o r t s o f m o d e r n in f lu e n c e , a n d
w ill a s s im ila te th o s e th a t a re m o s t p e rs is te n t in p re s s in g
th e m s e lv e s u p o n h e r . It a lm o s t s e e m s a s if w it h o n e im p u ls e a ll t h e
educated c la s s e s o f C h in a w e re e n tire ly d e te rm in e d to tu rn fa c e a b o u t
from the past to the present and th e fu tu re . It rem in d s o n e
o f th e w o rd s , "F ro m th e d a y s o f J o h n th e B a p tis h th e k in g d o m o f
h eaven h as su ffered vio len ce an d th e m en d o f vio len ce take it b y sto rm " All
t he m otives that induce to m otion are starrin g in the Chinese mind
desire for wealth, cr av ing for power, a sense of shame and an aspiration to be held
in esteem among th ie people of the world, love of learning, and the longing for a
Better life
these, to g e th e r w ith hatred o f supposed enemies are pressing the
people forw ard into the new world. It is th e crisis now. If th e people w ho care for
the w orld of man do th e ir d u ty at this tune, they c a n make the leaders of the
Empire; they can exercise a guiding pow er in the com ing decades o f Chinese histor y
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China.
John Hay Me mo r i a l B u i l d i n g
T is p ro p o sed to erect on the "College grounds a memorial building to the
friend of China, our late Secretary of State, John Hay, whose-diplomatic skill
and the confidence reposed in him did so much in securing a world declara
tion in favor of the integrity of the Chinese Empire and the o pen door.
Generous gifts have already been made and promised. and it will depend
u p o n t he amount received a s t o th e size of th e building and t h e u se to which it
c a n be put.
The dedication of a suitable memorial to John H ay in connection with the
Canton Christian College will deeply and perm an en tly impress the Chinese
people and will be of world-wide interest.
I
Former Trustees <d the Canton (Christian (College
William M. Paxton. D.l).
Robert Russell Booth, I).f).
F. F. Ellinwood D.l)., I I . 1).
VV. A. Wheclock
•Kzra \ 1. Kingsley
Peter Carter
I )avid ‘Torrens
Howard I bitfield, IU ) .
Talbot <Hyphant
F. I- Janeway
Rev. John Gillespie, D.l),
Everett
% Fra/ar
+
P r i n c i p a l C o n t ri bu t o r s
Chicago
Mrs. I. F. Blackatone
Baltimore
( ieorge Brow n
Washington
W. A. Bartlett, D.l)
11arris burg
Mrs. Louise G. Boyd
Philadelphia
John H. Converse
J. G. Craighead
New York
Frank R Chambers .
Miss Matilda VV. Denny, Allegheny, Pa.
New York
D. Stuart 1)odge, D.l).
Albany
Miss Dunn
New York
Mrs. VV. L. Dodge
N ew Vork
Miss ( irate Dodge *•
New York
Miss 1lelen M . <iould
Philadelphia
Robert M. Hogue
Andrew P. 1tapper, D.D.
Samuel M. Jackson, Id.. D., New York
New York
W. Henry Grant,
New York
Arthur C. lames
•
Thomas M. Killar
New York
John S. Lyle
Mrs. Nettie F. McCormick - Chicago
1larrisburg
L. |. M. McCarroll
New York
Marquand Estate
1lenry Martin,Cincinnati and Philadelphia
Mrs. Flora S. Mather
Cleveland
Pdi/ahcth, N. J.
L. B. Miller
-*
New York
„ Robert M. Olyphant
New York
Col. F. F. Shepard
New York
Mrs. Ruben L. Stuart
Chinese Sunday Schools
New Vork
David1 Torrens
New York
Mrs. David Torrens
Pittsburg
William Thaw
Philadelphia
Mrs. Chav P. Turner
Auburn, N. Y
Miss Caroline Willard
•J . H . Winters
«■
W ritten by a voting student o f the C an ton
Christian College on the
Pagoda Wall.
W H E N we come here from our college
we know that our old countrymen were very clever and made such a
building so strong, since about 1,000 year
ago. Mr. Lo Pan was a great carpenter
and builder too. Many pagodas were made
by him. Our college is in Honglok. We come here for
two times, one is on the day of thanksgiving of God
( Thanksgiving Day), and one on December 17, 1904.”
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