APS Science 2011
APS Science Curriculum Unit Planner
Grade Level/Subject: Chemistry
Stage 1: Desired Results
Enduring Understanding
Topic 2: Compounds and Bonding: Chemical symbols, formulas, and equations are understood internationally
and are written based upon universally accepted guidelines.
Correlations
Unifying Understanding
VA SOL
Behavior of matter can be explained by interactions at the particle level.
CH.3 The student will investigate and understand how conservation of energy
and matter is expressed in chemical formulas and balanced equations. Key
concepts include:
a) nomenclature;
c) writing chemical formulas (molecular, structural, and empirical; and Lewis
diagrams);
d) bonding types (ionic and covalent);
NSES (grade level)
AAAS Atlas
Essential Questions
 How are universal names important to communication?
 How do features of the atom at the particle level explain the behavior of the atom?
 How are models used to explain ideas?
Knowledge and Skills
Students should know
 Chemical formulas are used to represent compounds. Subscripts represent the relative number of each
type of atom in a molecule or formula unit. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
(IUPAC) system is used for naming compounds.
 When pairs of elements form two or more compounds, the masses of one element than combine with a
fixed mass of the other element form simple, whole-number ratios (Law of Multiple Proportions).
 Compounds have different properties than the elements from which they are composed.
 Conservation of matter is represented in balanced chemical equations. A coefficient is a quantity that
precedes a reactant or product formula in a chemical equation and indicates the relative number of
particles involved in a reaction.
 The empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio in which the atoms of the elements are
present in the compound. The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each element in
one molecule of the substance.
 Lewis dot diagrams are used to represent valence electrons in an element. Structural formulas show the
arrangements of atoms and bonds in a molecule and are represented by Lewis dot structures.
 Bonds form between atoms in order to achieve stability. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons
between atoms. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between ions. Elements with low ionization
energy form positive (cations) easily. Elements with high ionization energy form negative ions (anions)
easily. Polar bonds form between elements with very different electronegativities. Non-polar bonds form
between elements with similar electronegativies.
 Polar molecules results when electrons are distributed unequally.
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APS Science 2011
Students should be able to:
 Name binary covalent/molecular compounds.
 Name binary ionic compounds (using the Roman numeral system where appropriate).
 Predict, draw, and name molecular shapes (bent, linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and trigonal
pyramidal).
 Transform word equations into chemical equations and balance chemical equations.
 Write the chemical formulas for certain common substances, such as ammonia, water, carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon tetrafluoride.
 Use polyatomic ions for naming and writing formulas of ionic compounds, including carbonate, sulfate,
nitrate, hydroxide, phosphate, and ammonium.
 Draw Lewis dot diagrams to represent valence electrons in elements and draw Lewis dot structures to
show covalent bonding.
 Use valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model to draw and name molecular shapes (bent,
linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and trigonal pyramidal).
 Recognize polar molecules and non-polar molecules.
Stage 2: Assessment Evidence
Prior Knowledge and Skills
 Atomic Structure
 Periodic Table -Symbols and names of elements
 Periodic Table – Metals, Non-Metals and Mettalloids
 Periodic Table - Families
Formative Assessment
 Student participation
 Homework (readings, questions, and problems)
 Laboratory assessment understanding models
Summative Assessment
 Tests and Quizzes
 Laboratory Reports
Stage 3: Learning Plan
References to Adopted Materials
Prentice Hall Chemistry:
Text:
Chapter 7 Ionic and Metallic Bonding
Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding
Chapter 9 Chemical Names and Formulas
Guided Reading and Study Workbook:
Chapter 7 pp. 59-68
Chapter 8 pp. 69-78
Chapter 9 pp.79-90
Holt Chemistry
Text:
Chapter 5 : Ions and Ionic Compounds
Chapter 6: Covalent Compounds
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APS Science 2011
Study Guide:
Chapter 5 pp. 33-40
Chapter 6 pp.41-49
Suggested Investigations
 Electric Solutions: Determine experimentally the conductivity of common compounds in water.
 Lewis Dot Diagram Lab - Students use colored chips to build Lewis Dot Diagrams of elements and
covalent compounds
 Compounds Naming Race - Students race to name compounds and write chemical formulas.
 Empirical Formula of a Hydrate: Determine the empirical formula of hydrated copper sulfate using
experimental data.
 Anion Lab: Using chemical tests, deduce the identity of an unknown anion.
 Intermolecular Forces Evaporation Lab: From the Structure of Compounds deduce how the
intermolecular forces affect the rate of evaporation.
 Paper Chromatography Lab – Ink Identification
 Paper Chromatography of Food Dyes
 Copper Oxide Lab
Prentice Hall Activities
 p.199 Quick Lab: Solutions Containing Ions
 Lab 10: Crystal Structures
 Teacher Demo TE p.225 Bond Energies – Students observe 2 reactions in which bonds are formed and
compare the energies of ionic and covalent bonds.
 Lab 11: Molecular Models Lab
 Lab 13: Empirical Formula Determination
 Lab 16: Identification of Cations and Anions in Solution
 Lab 29 : Electrolytes and Non Electrolytes
Holt Activities
 p.780 Percent Composition of Hydrates
 p. 784 Inquiry Lab: Gypsum and Plaster of Paris
 p. 800 Paper Chromatography of Colored Markers

Outdoor Education Applications
 None currently noted
Resources
Web Sites
 http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp02/02020.html (use for chemical bonding animations
and polarity)
Explorelearning.com
 Ionic Bonds
 Covalent Bonds
Videos
Prentice Hall “Chemistry Alive! Labs”
 Burning Magnesium
 Making Sodium Chloride

Discovery Education (www.discoveryeducation.com
 Elements of Chemistry: Compounds and Reactions Clips- Chemical Reactions (3:29) and Ionic Bonding
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APS Science 2011

(3:21)
Simple Science: Reaction Equations Clip- Naming Compounds and Balancing Equations (5:33)
Field Trips
 Gem Exhibit at the National Museum of Natural History
Other
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 37- 39 Concept Review: Ionic Bonding and Salts
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 40- 42 Concept Review: Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 43- 46 Concept Review: Covalent Bonds
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 47- 49 Concept Review: Drawing and Naming Molecules
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 50- 51 Concept Review: Molecular Shapes
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 60- 62 Concept Review: Describing Chemical Reactions
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 63- 64 Concept Review: Balancing Chemical Equations
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 65- 66 Concept Review: Classifying Chemical Reactions
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 67-68 Concept Review : Writing Net Ionic Equations
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 87- 88 Concept Review: States and State Changes
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 89- 90 Concept Review: Intermolecular Forces
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 91- 92 Concept Review: Energy of State Changes
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 93- 94 Concept Review: Phase Equilibrium
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 106- 107 Concept Review: Solutions
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 110- 112 Concept Review: Solubility and the Dissolving Process
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 113- 115 Concept Review: Physical Properties of Solutions
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 142- 143 Concept Review: Oxidation- Reduction Reaction
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 144- 145 Concept Review: Introduction to Electrochemistry
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 149- 150 Concept Review: Electrolytic Cells
 Holt Chapter Resources on CD- ROM pg 167 Concept Review: Names and Structures of Organic
Compounds
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