PDF, 1st August 2016
China sees the U.S. hand ubiquitous (दे श यापी) in the July 12 award by the Permanent Court of
Arbitration (पंच – नणय) on the Scarborough Shoal dispute in the South China Sea — first in
instigating (भड़काना) the litigation (अ भयोग) by the Philippines, then in fanning the flames of
discontent among the countries of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), and
finally in securing its one-sided outcome. Chinese experts further allege that the five-member
tribunal was tainted — selected by the President of the Court, Shunji Yanai, allegedly a rightwing, pro-Abe, and anti-Chinese national of Japan. China’s responses to the ruling might be the
precursor to a new edition of a cold war.
The Court ruled that China’s claims over the waters enclosed (संल न) by the ‘Nine-Dash Line’
had no legal basis under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), that
China had no claim to historic rights to resources there, and that it had aggravated (भड़काना) the
dispute by building an artificial island on Mischief Reef, besides violating the Philippines’s
sovereign ( े ठ) rights within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), including its fisheries and
petroleum exploitation. Entitlement to islands and the EEZ, the Court further held, must be based
on natural conditions, and not as the result of artificial augmentation by building and reclaiming
land.
The ruling has comprehensively rejected (अ वीकृ त) China’s territorial and sovereignty claims in
the disputed area, is dismissive of China’s activity in turning reefs, rocks and low-tide ( वार)
elevations into artificial islands, replete with military structures such as airstrips and
fortifications in waters that belong to the Philippines, and called attention to China’s actions as
having resulted in “irreparable (अ तकाय) harm” to the marine environment there.
1. Ubiquitous (Adj.) दे श यापी / सवगत

Synonyms : Everywhere / All-over / Omnipresent

Antonyms : Rare / Scarce
2. Arbitration (N) पंच – नणय / म य थता

Synonyms : Decision / Judgment / Agreement

Antonyms : Disagreement / Indecision
3. Instigate (V) भड़काना

Synonyms : Abet / Incite / Spur / Impel

Antonyms : Halt / Putout / Depress
4. Litigation (N) अ भयोग / मु कदमा

Synonyms : Action / Case / Lawsuit / Suit / Trial
5. Enclosed (Adj.) संल न / समावृत

Synonyms : Closed in / Boxed / Involved / Boxed in

Antonyms : Unenclosed
6. Aggravate (V) भड़काना / बगाड़ना
 Synonyms : Bother / Bug / Bum / Dog / Gall

Antonyms : Aid / Delight / Soothe / Gladden
7. Sovereign (Adj.)
े ठ / उ तम

Synonyms : Dominant / Effective / Royal

Antonyms : Dependent / Limited / Minor
8. Rejected (Adj.) अ वीकृ त

Synonyms : Dropped / Refused / Shunned / Jilted

Antonyms : Cherished
9. Tide (N)

वार /
वाह
Synonyms : Flood / Spate / Wave / Ebb / Eddy / Flux / Vortex
10. Irreparable (Adj.) अ तकाय / अपू रणीय

Synonyms : Broken / Cureless / Ruined / Hopeless

Antonyms : Fixable / Mendable / Repairable
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