Chapter 3 Reading Guide
The Cellular Level of Organization
1.
Name______________________________________
or
is the study of cellular structure and function.
Section 3.1 Parts of a Cell
2. What is the purpose and characteristics of the plasma membrane?
3. What is cytoplasm and what is found in the cytoplasm?
4. What is housed within the nucleus?
Section 3.2 The Plasma Membrane
5. What is the name of the model used to describe the cell membrane?
6. Explain the composition of the cell membrane including the proportions of the components.
7. Explain the arrangement of the phospholipids and cholesterol that make up the cell membrane.
8. Describe and/or define the following types of membrane proteins.
a. Integral proteins –
b. Transmembrane proteins –
c. Peripheral proteins1
9. Explain the multiple functions of the glycocalyx that is created by the carbohydrate portion of glycoproteins
embedded in the cell membrane.
10. List and briefly explain the functions of cell membrane proteins.
STOP & WATCH:
BZS Cell Membranes http://www.bozemanscience.com/015-cell-membrane
KA Membrane Proteins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0emD1AmfdjY
11. What determines the fluidity of a cell membrane?
12. “Kinks” in the tail of the fatty acids are caused by double bond. What type of lipids have double bonds in
their fatty acids and why does having “kinks” increase the fluidity of the membrane?
13. Why is maintaining the correct amount of membrane fluidity and important characteristic of the cell
membrane?
14. Explain how cholesterol can act as a buffer to fluidity in different conditions.
STOP & WATCH
KA Cell Membrane Fluidity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQCAsM-CF4
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15. The cell membrane is considered selectively permeable. Fill in the chart below with examples and
characteristics of substances encountered by the cell membrane.
Permeable
Non-Permeable
Slightly Permeable
Characteristics
Examples
16. What mechanism is in place to get non-permeable molecules across the membrane?
17. What is a concentration gradient?
18. What is an electrical gradient and what membrane potential?
19. What is the combined effect of the concentration gradient and the electrical gradient is referred to?
STOP & WATCH:
Electrochemical Gradients https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDUX5nN43ck
Section 3.3 Transport Across the Plasma Membrane
20. Explain the difference between active and passive transport across the cell membrane.
21. What is diffusion and what are the factors that influence the rate of substances across a plasma membrane?
Give a general rule for determining the effect of each influence.
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22. If something moves across the membrane via simple diffusion, what does this mean?
23. What is facilitated diffusion?
24. What is the difference between channel-mediated facilitated diffusion and carrier-mediated facilitated
diffusion?
25. Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion for the movement of what substance? What are the two ways that
osmosis can take place?
26. Define the following terms as they relate to osmosis.
a. Hydrostatic Pressure –
b. Osmotic Pressure –
c. Tonicity –
d. Isotonic solution –
e. Hypotonic solution –
f. Lysis –
g. Hypertonic solution –
h. Crenation –
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27. What are the two sources of cellular energy that can drive active transport. Which one is the source for
primary active transport and which one is the source in secondary active transport?
28. What is the most prevalent primary active transport mechanism in living systems?
29. ATP is used directly in primary active transport. How is secondary active transport different?
30. Define endocytosis and exocytosis.
31. What must occur in order for receptor-mediated endocytosis to occur? (You do not have to memorize the
steps in this process, but review the pictured process.)
32. Define and describe phagocytosis. What type of cells are capable of phagocytosis?
33. Most body cells carry out
also called pinocytosis which does not involve
receptors. What cell organelle do the vesicles formed during this process fuse with to be digested?
34. In what type of cells is exocytosis especially important?
35. Simply describe the process of transcytosis.
STOP & WATCH
BZS Transport Across Cell Membranes http://www.bozemanscience.com/016-transport-across-cellmembranes
CC In Da Club- Transport Across Cell Membranes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPKvHrD1eS4
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36. Label the following on the diagram of the cell membrane:
a. Phospholipid
b. Extracellular Matrix
c. Integral Protein
d. Peripheral Protein
e. Glycoprotein
f. Cholesterol
g. Cytoskeleton Filaments
Section 3.4 Cytoplasm
37. Cytoskeleton –
3 Types of protein filaments:
a. Microfilaments –
i. Microvilli –
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b. Intermediate Filaments –
c. Microtubules –
38. Cilia 39. Flagella –
40. Ribosomes –
41. Endoplasmic Reticulum –
a. Rough ER –
b. Smooth ER –
42. Golgi Complex (you do not need to know the specific process by which materials enter and leave the golgi
complex) –
43. Lysosomes –
a. Autophagy –
b. Autophagosome –
c. Autolysis –
44. Peroxisomes –
45. Proteasomes –
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46. Mitochondria –
a. Apoptosis –
Section 3.5 Nucleus
47. Nuclear envelope –
48. Nuclear pores –
49. Nucleoli –
50. Genes –
51. Chromosomes –
Section 3.6 Protein Synthesis - THIS WILL BE COVERED IN DETAIL IN AP BIOLOGY
Section 3.7 Cell Division
52. Somatic cell –
53. Germ cell –
54. List the phases of the cell cycle and what occurs during each phase.
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55. Use the following diagram to label the stages of mitosis.
56. What are the major differences in mitosis and meiosis?
STOP & WATCH
BZS Cellular Organelle http://www.bozemanscience.com/043-cellular-organelles
BZS Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis http://www.bozemanscience.com/028-cell-cycle-mitosis-andmeiosis/?rq=mitosis
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