GVZpracticequestionstest22017
1.Listanddescribe(function,anatomy)somesynapomorphiesofAmphibia.
2.Listanddescribe(function,anatomy)somesynapomorphiesofGymnophiona.
3.Listanddescribe(function,anatomy)somesynapomorphiesofAnura.
4.Howwouldyoudistinguishacaecilianfromanamphisbaenid?
5.Listanddescribesomeintromittentsexorgans(penises)andotherstructuresused
forinternalfertilizationbydifferentTetrapodtaxa.
6.Listandcontrastthetongueprojectionanatomyoftaxathatprojectthetonguein
feeding.
7.Venomouscoralsnakesandharmlesskingsnakesliveinthesameareasandboth
displaysimilarexternalcolorpatternsofred,yellow,andblackringsaroundthebody.
HowwouldyoutestwhetherthisisacaseofBatesianmimicry?Whatresultswould
supporttheideaofBatesianmimicry?(hint:howdidShawnKuchtatestforBatesian
mimicryinsalamanders?)
8.Describecourtshipinsalamanders.
9.Whatispaedomorphosis?Giveanexampleofpaedomorphosisinsalamanders.Can
youthinkofanyexamplesofpaedomorphosisoutsideofsalamanders?
10.Whatisaurostyle?
11.WhatpatternsofTemperaturedependentsexdeterminationareseeninamniote
taxa?WhatistheCharnov-BullhypothesisfortheevolutionofTSD?HowdidWerner
andShinetestthishypothesis?Whatdidtheyfind?
12.ListonefullyaquatictaxonfromCaudata,Gymnophiona,andAnura.
13.InthemovieTalladegaNights,CalNaughtonJunior'sphotogenicalteregoisnamed:
a.CNJ b.Calinator
c.Naughty d.NOT
e.MikeHoncho
f.ColeTrickle
g.Jerkass
14.Discusssomecausesofamphibiandeclines.
15.Howdogeckosclingtoceilings?
16.Describechangesundergonebyfrogsinthedevelopmentfromtadpoletoadult.
17.Whichhasbeenevolvinglonger,tuatarasorhumans?Explainyouranswer.
18.Drawaphylogenetictreeofturtles,Plethodon,Gymnophiona,Amphisbaena,
Crotalus,Varanus,Bufo,humans,Iguana,Ascaphus,Rana,andtuatara.
19.Listanddescribethefunctionsofthemembranesthatmakeuptheamnioticegg.
20.Compareandcontrastskullfenestrationpatternsinamniotes.Whichtaxapossess
whichskulltypes?
21.Describethenaturalhistoryoftuataras,andhowtheydifferanatomicallyfrom
membersofSquamata.
22.ListanddescribesomesynapomorphiesofSquamata.Howdothesecharactersvary
(i.e.,howaretheyfurtherevolutionarilymodified)withinSquamata?
23.Describetheanatomyandtaxonomyofcoelacanths.
24.Whatgroupoflizardscanrunacrosswater?Whichgroupcanglide?
25.Rankthefollowinggroupsintermsofnumberofspecies:
lungfish,Latimeria,Squamata,Ascaphus,snakes,Gymnophiona,frogs,Caudata,
Sphenodon.
26.Describesometraitsthatvaryamongcaecilianspecies.
27.Listsomegeneraofsalamanders.
28.Rememberthatmoviewherethebabymarineiguanawasrunningawayfromthose
snakesintheGalapagos?Wasthatcool?
a.Yes,thatwascool.
b.No.(I'mbeingironic.Ofcourseitwascool.)
c.No.ButIonlyanswered"no"becausetodayisOppositesDaywhereeverythingIsayis
theoppositeofwhatImean.IhopetodopoorlyontheupcomingGVZtest.
29.Whatisamplexus?
30.Howdomalefrogssignalforamate?
31.Discusstongueanatomyandfunctioninsquamates.
32.Listsomeareaswherefrogsdepositeggs.
33.Whataspectsoftheskullallowalethinophidiansnakestoswallowsuchlargeprey?
Howdosnakesswallowlargeprey(thatis,whatmovementsofthebodyand/orthe
headcauseswallowinginalethinophidansnakes)?Contrastswallowingin
scolecophidiansnakesversusswallowinginalethinophidiansnakes.
34.Describeparentalcareinanamphibianspeciesofyourchoice.
36.Assumingthefollowingphylogenetictree,giveanode-baseddefinitionforthegroup
nameBatrachia.
Giveastem-baseddefinitionforataxonthatincludescaeciliansandfrogsbut
excludesSphenodon.
37.ThechytridfungushasdecimatedpopulationsoffrogsinCentralAmerica,inmany
causescausingcatastrophicextinctionofseveralspeciesinacommunity.Whatsteps
arebeingtakentostaveofffrogextinctionfromthisfungus?
38.Discusstheconservationimplicationsoftemperature-dependentsexdetermination.
39.Contrastthecirculatorysystemofanactinopterygiianwiththecirculatorysystemof
alizard.
40.Contrastfeedingonlandversusfeedingunderwater.Whatanatomical
characteristicsareimportantineachcase?
41.Discussthebiologyofthecoelacanth,includingitstaxonomy.
42.Whatarezygapophyses?Whyaretheseimportantfortheevolutionarytransitionto
land?
43.Compareandcontrastvenomdeliverysystemsinsquamates.
44.Listsomereptilesthatglide,anddescribetheanatomythatenablesgliding.
45.Givevertebateexamplesofhomologyinbehavior,morphology,andmolecules.
46.Givevertebrateexamplesofconvergence/homoplasyinbehavior,morphology,and
molecules.
47.Describetheevolutionofvenominsquamates.
48.Listsomegeneraofsquamates.
49.Identifythefollowingskullsasamphibian,lizard,orActinopterygiian.