Chapter 7 and 8 Review: Physical Science - Young
Answer the following questions or complete the statements in your notebook.
1. A liquid mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration is a ___
2. How is a solute different from a solvent in a solution?
3. When a few spoonfuls of sugar are mixed into a cup of water, sugar is the
4. A mixture containing particles that are too small to be seen easily but are large enough to scatter a light
beam is called a
5. Weak tea is an example of a
6. When you add so much solute that no more dissolves, you have a
7. A measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature is that substance’s
8. What is one way to increase the solubility of sugar in water?
9. Which is a characteristic property of acids?
10. Acids are described as corrosive because they
11. Which is a likely use for a base?
12. In a water solution, how do acids differ from base (think of the ions they form)
13. In water, bases form what ion?
14. The pH scale measures _________
15. Acids naturally present in food are safe to eat because they usually are _______
16. You can find the pH of a substance by using a(n) _________
17. Neutralization is a reaction between a(n)
18. What does a neutralization reaction produce?
19. A jar contains 50 grams of salt water solution. The salt water solution has 18 grams of salt dissolved
in it. What is the concentration of the solution?
20. What happens to the concentration of sugar in maple sap as the sap is boiled?
21. In 100 g of water at 0°C, table sugar has a solubility of 180 g. What will happen if you add 100 g of
table sugar to 50 g of water at 0°C?
22. Carbon is able to bond with atoms of other elements in many different ways because it has
23. How many chemical bonds can each carbon atom form?
24. Which form of pure carbon is so hard that it can be used in cutting tools?
25. What is another name for carbon compounds?
26. Which is NOT typically a property of organic compounds?
27. What can you tell about methane (CH4) from its molecular formula?
28. Compounds that contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen are called
29. What property do all hydrocarbons have?
30. A very large organic molecule made up of chains of smaller molecules is called a
31. A polymer may be combined with one or more substances to make a new material called a(n)
32. Substances that provide the energy and raw materials the human body needs are
33. The classes of organic compounds found in all living things are
34. Which of the following is a polymer formed from smaller molecules called amino acids?
35. Which statement about organic compounds is true?
36. The chemical formula of acetylene is C2H2. What type of bond holds the two carbon atoms together?
37. Collecting waste plastics that can be used as raw material for making new plastic products is an
example of
38. Which organic compound carries information from one generation to the next during reproduction?
39. Gram for gram, which organic compounds release twice as much energy in your body as do
carbohydrates?
40. Most of your body’s fluids are made up of
Completion
Complete each statement.
41. A(n) ____________________ is a mixture that appears uniform throughout and whose particles cannot
easily be separated.
42. Because it will dissolve so many solutes, ____________________ is sometimes called the universal
solvent.
43. Ionic and polar compounds ____________________ in water because water molecules are polar.
44. If you can continue to add more solute to a solution, the solution is said to be ____________________.
45. A(n) ____________________ is a compound that tastes sour and reacts with some metals.
46. A(n) ____________________ is a compound that turns litmus blue and is often found in soaps and
detergents.
47. Acids are ____________________, which means that they “eat away” at other materials.
48. Acids and bases have many uses around the ____________________ and in industry.
49. Substances that form hydrogen ions when released in water are called ____________________.
50. At the same concentrations, strong acids produce more ____________________ than weak acids.
51. In a reaction of an acid with a base, the pH changes to a value that is closer to
____________________.
52. Geologists use dilute hydrochloric acid to identify limestone, a type of rock that contains
____________________.
53. Mayonnaise, whipped cream, and milk are examples of mixtures known as _________________
54. An atom of hydrogen that has lost its electron is called a(n) ____________________.
55. One reason ____________________ can form so many compounds is that the same number of atoms
can be bonded in different arrangements.
56. Polymers that are produced in factories instead of by living things are called ____________________
polymers.
57. Plastics, nylon, and PVC piping are examples of ____________________ polymers.
58. The simple carbohydrate that is present in the blood and that circulates throughout the body is
____________________.
59. The simplest kind of carbohydrate is a(n) ____________________.
60. ____________________ is a strong and flexible natural polymer in the walls of plant cells.
61. ____________________ are organic compounds that serve as helper molecules in a variety of
chemical reactions in your body.
62. Calcium, iron, iodine, sodium, and potassium are examples of ____________________, one of the
types of nutrients your body needs.
63.
____________________, which contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen, are the simplest type
of organic compounds.
64. The small molecules that bond together to form polymers are called ____________________.
65. You can help reduce the amount of plastic waste by ____________________.