Announcements

We have covered:
Pest & beneficial ID – know sight ID, damaging stage, direct
or indirect injury, hosts
 Sampling techniques – know active/attractive vs. passive,
types of traps & pests they trap
 EIL calculation – know how to calculate
 Cultural control – know examples, how they work
 Basic stats – know the significance of the P-value, null &
alternative hypotheses, and types of analysis
 Experimental designs – be able to design an experiment
given experimental info
 Alternatives to Pesticides – know examples and what insects
they target

****KNOW THESE TOPICS FOR YOUR EXAM****
Important Dates



Final Homework from today due Tues. July 26
OPEN LAB: Tues. July 26 during regular lab period
Group Presentation: Thurs. July 28
 10-15


min + 5 min for questions
Lab Practical: Tues. Aug 2, start 9:30 am (1.5 h)
Final Exam: Thurs. Aug 4
PESTICIDE LABELS & SPRAYER
CALIBRATION
PMA 4570/6228
Lab 8
July 21 2016
Pesticide Labels
“Pesticides are toxic substances that are intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or
mitigating pests (such as insects, plant diseases, rodents and weeds), or any other substance
used as a plant growth regulators, defoliants, or desiccants”
Directions
Hazards
and Safety
Signal word
a.i.
General information
on pesticide labels
This information is required
on all pesticide labels
Review pages 252-253 in
your book
Label information will be
numbered according to this
figure in the following slides
KEEP OUT OF REACH
OF CHILDREN
Signal Word (#8)
Signal Word
Toxicity
Category
Acute Oral
Acute Dermal
CAUTION
Acute
Inhalation
Contains
≥4%
methanol
Primary eye irritation
Primary skin irritation
Corrosive (tissue
destruction into the
dermis and/or scarring)
yes
≤ 200 mg/kg*
≤ 0.05 mg/L*
Corrosive (irreversible
destruction of ocular tissue) or
corneal involvement or irritation
persisting for more than 21 days
DANGER
I
≤ 50
mg/kg*
WARNING
II
> 50 - 500
mg/kg
> 200 - 2000
mg/kg
> 0.05 - 0.5
mg/L
Corneal involvement or other
eye irritation clearing in 8 - 21
days
Severe irritation at 72
hours (severe erythema
or edema)
no
CAUTION
III
> 500 5000
mg/kg
> 2000 - 5000
mg/kg
> 0.5 - 2 mg/L
Corneal involvement or other
eye irritation clearing in 7 days
or less
Moderate irritation at 72
hours (moderate
erythema)
no
none
required**
IV
> 5000
mg/kg
> 5000 mg/kg
> 2 mg/L
Minimal effects clearing in < 24
hours
Mild or slight irritation at
72 hours (no irritation or
slight erythema)
no
*The word POISON and the skull-and-crossbones symbol must appear near the word DANGER
**Manufactures may use CAUTION signal word and category III labeling if desired
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
PPE is listed under the
‘Precautionary
Statements’ section of
the label (#9)
Can also be called
‘Warning’ or ‘Caution
Statements’
ehs.uky.edu/classes/ hazcomm/hazcomtrain.html
REI and PHI
“It is a violation of Federal Law to use this
product in a manner inconsistent with its
labeling”
Restricted Entry Interval (REI) – Period of time after pesticide is
applied when no one can enter the sprayed area without proper
PPE.
• Found in the ‘Directions for Use’ section (#11)
Pre-harvest Interval (PHI) – The pesticide cannot be sprayed
within this amount of time before harvest
• Usually found with the crops/pests information
Formulations

Formulation








Wettable Powders (50WP)
Emulsifiable Concentrates (2EC)
Granules (15G)
Solutions (2S)
Dusts (D)
Flowables (2F)
Usually found as a suffix in the
brand name (#2)
If dry the number indicates % a.i.
If liquid the number indicates pounds a.i. per gallon
Examples
Vendex® 50WP
Cruiser Maxx™
Acramite® 50 WS
Assail® 70WP
Formulation – consists of the active ingredient (a.i) and inert, inactive
ingredients. Table 5-15, pg. 129
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/label/
If you need more information about labels you can go to EPA website: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides.
If you are looking for the labels or the MSDS for the products go to:
http://www.cdms.net/manuf/manuf.asp or go to the manufacturers web site.
Adjuvants


Materials added to a pesticide formulation to
enhance its performance, customize the site-specific
needs, or compensate for local conditions
Examples:
 Humectants
 Stickers
 Drift
control agents
 Acidifiers/buffers
Chapter 5, pages 141-142
SPRAYER CALIBRATION
Main components of a sprayer

Tank

Nozzle/boom

Pump

Strainer

Agitator

Pressure regulator

Pressure gauge

Hose
Credits: Tifton UGA.edu.
Types of Sprayers
Aerial sprayer
High boy
www.northerntool.com/webapp/wcs/stores/ser
vlet/product_6970_200312599_200312599
www.pestcontrolsupplies.com/
Tempo.htm
Air blast
or Air
assist
UKAg Extension
Nozzles

Many types for different uses and crops



flat-fan, even-flat, solid cone, adjustable, flood
Angle of a nozzle and the height at which it is held from the
ground/plant determines spray width and pattern (effective
swath width (ESW))
Use different sprayers/nozzles for insecticides and herbicides
effective swath width
Sprayer calibration


Calibration tells you:

How much is spraying from the nozzles (flow rate)

How fast your equipment is going (speed)
Many grower sprayers are calibrated at 50-100 gallons/acre


Calibrated periodically to ensure equipment is operating properly
Effective pest control depends on proper application of the
pesticide so applying the right amount is important

too much (toxicity to crops, non-target, beneficial insects)

too little – not sufficient control is achieved

cost – time and money
Factors affecting spray output



Pressure
Speed – person
walking, tractor
Nozzle size - rate of
discharge
**Sprayer calibration is done using only water
Steps to Applying a Pesticide
1.
Calibrating Your Equipment
2.
Calculating Pesticide Amount
3.
Calculating Water Volume
Step 1: Calibrating Your Equipment
1.
Mark off the area to be used in calibration
finish
Start
Your calibration area does not have to be
the same area that you plan to spray. It
just needs to be a known area
2.
Record the time taken to spray the calibration area – only when spraying
(using only water). Calculate distance traveled per unit time (speed)
3.
Collect in a graduated container and measure the output from the sprayer
per unit time (flow rate)
Example: Calibrating Your Equipment
1.
Mark your calibration area = 1000 sqft
2.
Time to spray the area = 50 s to cover 1000 sqft
•
•
3.
Distance traveled = 200 ft
Speed = 200 ft/50 s = 4 ft/s
How much water came out = 0.75 gal
•
100 ft
Flow rate = 0.75 gal/50 s = 0.015 gal/s
5 ft (spray width)
Application rate = 0.75 gallons per 1000 sqft
OR
(43,560 sqft/acre x 0.75 gal/1000 sqft) gallons/acre
= 32.67 gallons/acre
Step 2: Calculating Pesticide Amount
1. Determine your area to be sprayed
2. Determine the recommended application rate
•
Found on the pesticide label
3. Determine the amount of pesticide needed for
your application area
Example: Calculating Pesticide Amount
1. Determine your area

100 ft x (5 ft x 4) = 2000 sqft

2000 sqrt / 43,560 sqft = 0.046 acres
100 ft
(treatment area in acres)
5 ft 5 ft 5 ft 5 ft
2. Pesticide: Malathion 5EC

Rate for potato leafhopper on beans:
2 pints/acre (application rate)
1 acre = 43,560 ft2
3. How much pesticide for your area?

2 pints/acre x 0.046 acres = 0.092 pints of Malathion 5EC

473 ml/pint x 0.092 pints = 43.4 ml of Malathion 5EC for 2000 sqft (pesticide
amount)
Step 3: Calculating Your Water Volume
1. Determine the distance you have to travel to cover
your spray area

Based on your spray width
2. Determine the time to cover your spray area
3. Calculate your water volume
Example: Calculating Your Water Volume
1. Determine travel distance

2. Speed = 4 ft/s (from calibration)

100 ft
100 ft x 4 = 400 ft
400 ft / (4 ft/s) = 100 s (travel time)
5 ft
3. Flow Rate (sprayer output) = 0.015 gallon/s (from calibration)


0.015 gal/s x 100 s = 1.5 gal
1.5 gal x 3.785 L/gal = 5.7 L (water volume)
1 gallon = 3.785 L
Pesticide Calculation Results

To treat 2000 ft2 with Malathion 5EC you need:
43.4 ml Malathion 5EC
in
5.7 L water
If your tank holds 2 L, you would need to fill 3.2 times
to cover your area
How much active ingredient (a.i.) are you
applying??
1. Determine the a.i. in your pesticide

Malation 5EC means 5 pounds a.i./gallon

5 lb/gal x 453.59 g/lb x 1/3785 gal/mL = 0.60 g ai/mL (metric)
2. How much a.i are you applying?

Pesticide applied: 43.4 ml (from step 2)

43.4 mL x 0.60 g ai/mL = 26.0 g a.i.
EC (emulsifiable
concentrate) is a
liquid
What if your pesticide has a solid
formulation? How do you calculate a.i.?
1. Determine the a.i. in your pesticide

Grandevo is a powder

a.i. is 30% of the formula
2. How much a.i are you applying?

Pesticide applied (example): 62.6 g

62.6 g x 0.30 ai = 18.8 g a.i.
Use the percent a.i. from
the label to calculate the
a.i. you are applying
Sprayer calibration



Properly calibrated equipment is required for effective
use of pesticides
Factors that affect effectiveness of pesticide application

Temperature

Rain

Soil type

Type of equipment

Application rate
Thoroughly rinse the spray tank after use
Past, present…….future???
Then
Now
DDT application
on Elm tree
Wisconsin Historical
Images
Future ..…..robots
Robotics tractors and sprayers – autonomous vehicles
http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Feb09/robotic.sprayer.jo.html
Useful Unit Conversions

1 gallon = 128 fl oz (fluid ounces)
1gallon = 3785.3 ml

1 fluid ounce = 29.6 ml

1 pint = 473 ml

1 pound = 453.6 grams (0.4536 kg)

1 ounce (dry) = 28.35 grams

1 acre = 43,560 ft2

1 acre = 0.4 hectares

FINAL Homework



Insecticide Labels and Calibration handout
Worth 11 points
DUE Tues, July 26 at beginning of class