The Launching of a New Nation
1776-1800
Quick Review
♦  Americans had overthrown King George II & the
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Articles of Confederation
Basic distrust of central authority-but saw it as a
necessary evil
In debt and revenues limited
As a new country America needed to develop its
economy. Should America focus on agriculture, which
it had in the past, or should it develop its trade and
manufacturing?
Common Currency – Before and during the
Revolutionary War each state had its own system of
currency. There was no uniformity in America.
Beginnings of Political Parties
♦  Const. does not mention parties
WRITE THIS!!
♦  Washington opposed them
♦  Political parties formed b/c the Constitution
provided for a strong national gov’t & the gov’t
made important decisions
♦  People joined together in parties to attempt to
control the decisions of the government
♦  These early squabbles created allies and enemies
–  Two camps emerge
•  Federalist
•  Democratic- Republican
FOCUS STATEMENT
♦ Analyze the position of South
Carolina on the issues that divided the
nation in the early 1800s
8-3.4
How much money do you
have?
♦  Do your parents ever use credit
cards?
♦  Do you think credit is a good thing?
♦  Do you have to pay back what you
borrow?
FOCUS STATEMENT
♦ Analyze the position of South
Carolina on the issues that divided the
nation in the early 1800s, including the
assumption of state debts
8-3.4
Key People
1. George Washington- First President of the
United States of America.
Former commander of the Continental
Army.
2. Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of the
treasury of the United States of America.
3. Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State.
WRITE THIS!!!
Key Terms
1. National Debt- The amount of money owed by
United States to various
creditors.
2. Assumption- The act of taking to or upon oneself,
taking possession or asserting a
claim.
Washington takes the oath of office
Washington’s Presidency
♦ Received all electoral votes
♦ Adams (Fed.) becomes VP
♦ Remained “neutral” in politics
(actually, supported
Federalists)
Washington and the Cabinet
♦ Alexander Hamilton
– Sec. of Treasury
♦  Henry Knox
– Sec. of War
♦ Edmund Randolph
– Attorney General
♦ Thomas Jefferson
– Sec. of State
Hamilton’s Financial Program
♦  Federal government should pay debt from American
Revolution
♦  Assumption of states debts
♦  National bank created to issue bank notes and collect
taxes
♦  Protective tariff- encourage Americans to make
goods at home rather than buy from abroad
WRITE THIS!!
CFU
♦  What were Hamilton’s financial proposals
for the new US government?
1.  National Government – Pay debts
2.  Assumption of state’s debts
3.  National Bank
4.  Protective Tariff
Two parties develop
♦ Federalists vs Democratic Republicans
Federalists
♦ Leader = Alexander Hamilton
♦ Strong Central Government
♦  Promote trade and Industry
♦ Most from New England
♦ In SC – Upcountry Elite
WRITE THIS!!!
CFU-Tell me about the Federalists
♦  What did they believe in?
♦  Who was their leader?
♦  Where were they from?
♦  What about SC?
Democratic Republicans
♦ Leaders- Thomas Jefferson and James
Madison
♦ Opposed Hamilton’s proposals
♦ Upcountry
WRITE THIS!!!
CFU- Tell me about the Democratic Republicans
♦  Who were their leaders?
♦  What did they believe?
♦  What about SC?
Independent Practice/Homework
Analyze the position of South Carolina on the
issues that divided the nation in the early
1800s.
Bank of the U.S.
The BIGGEST Controversy
♦ Establishment of a National
Bank
WHAT!!!!!!!!!
Democratic RepOn No You Don’t!!!!!
Why Not A National Bank?
Democratic Republicans
♦  Strict Interpretation of the Constitution!
♦  If it does not say, “ You can create a Bank.”
♦  You can not create a bank!!!!
WRITE THIS!!!
CFU
♦  Why did the Democratic republican oppose
the National Bank?
Strict Interpretation!
Federalists argument
♦  Loose interpretation of the Constitution
♦  Elastic / Necessary and Proper Clause
♦  Congress granted the authority to make laws
necessary and proper to execute its powers
♦  The National Bank is necessary for:
Power to tax
Control commerce
WRITE THIS!!
Bank of the U.S.
♦  Provided a safe place to store the
govt’s $
♦  Could lend $ to merchants &
manufacturers, thus speeding up the
growth of business
♦  Washington questioned the
constitutionality of the bank bill & asked
for advice
WRITE THIS!!!
Bank of the U.S.
♦  Hamilton favored Congress using the
elastic clause, so Congress could put its
powers into effect. A bank was related
to Congress’s power to collect taxes.
WRITE THIS!!!
Bank of the U.S.
♦  Jefferson felt that the bill was
unconstitutional. He didn’t favor using
the elastic clause; the country could
function w/out a bank.
♦  Washington sided with Hamilton
WRITE THIS!!!
Protective Tariff
Democratic-Republicans
♦  Favored a Republic of small farmers and
shopkeepers
♦  No Manufacturing
♦  Did not support The Protective Tariff
♦  The Bill did not pass
WRITE THIS!!!
FOCUS STATEMENT
♦ Analyze the position of South
Carolina on the issues that divided the
nation in the early 1800s.
8-3.4
8-3.4 Analyze the position of South Carolina on the issues that divided
the nation in the early 1800s.
Issue
Federalists
Model
Assumption of
States Debts
Guided
National Bank
Guided
Protective Tariff
Democratic Republicans
South Carolina
Independent Practice
♦  What was South Carolina’s position on the
issues that divided the nation in the early
1800s?
Write a brief summary answering the question
above.
Phone a Friend
♦  Create a dialogue that might have occurred
between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas
Jefferson regarding Hamilton’s Proposals.
Be sure to present both points of view
clearly in your dialogue.
Materials Needed
♦  SC Standards
♦  Text book
♦  Informational Text
♦  Document Camera/Promethean Board
♦  PowerPoint
♦  Teacher Created Notes
♦  Teacher Created Graphic Organizers