Distant Past
Passato Remoto
X
Indicative
Trapassato Remoto
(Pluperfect Absolute)
Pluperfect
X
Imperative OR
Imperfect Progressive
Imperative OR
Imperfect Progressive
(X)
X
Passato Prossimo
X
Trapassato Prossimo
(Pluperfect)
Passato Remoto OR
Imperfect
Passato Prossimo OR
Imperfect
X
!
Past Conditional
W
W
se
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
Hypothetical
X
X
Independent clause
(the start of the arrow)
is in a past tense
X
An incomplete or on-going action
(description, time, weather, etc.)
s-che
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Passato Prossimo,
Passato Remoto, OR
Imperfect
Pluperfect
Subjunctive
X
s-che
X
Future Anterior
Future
X
(X)
s-che
Imperative
Present Conditional
X
Imperfect Subjunctive
s-che
s-che
Present
Subjunctive
X
X
Future OR
Present Subjunctive
s-che
Present Subjunctive OR
Progressive Subjunctive
Imperfect Subjunctive OR
Past Conditional
s-che
X
Legend:
A complete event or action
X
s-che
s-che
X
Present
Imperfect
Past Subjunctive
Subjunctive
Independent clause
(the start of the arrow)
is in the present tense
X
Present Indicative OR
Present Progressive
se
se
Subjunctive
Future
Present Indicative
(X)
Imperative
Conditional
Future
Present
Near Past
X
Any type of action,
complete or not
W
(X)
The action may be
implied
!
Imperfect Subjunctive
A conditional action,
typically using “Would”
An Imperative
Statement
se
s-che
Arrow points to a dependent clause
preceeded by “se” (means “if”)
Arrow points to a dependent clause
preceeded by “che” (means “that”) AND the
independent clause implies subjectivity