Online Tutoring System
For Essay Writing
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Online Tutoring System for Essay Writing
ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Unit 2 Advanced Sentences
Review
Unit 1 defines a sentence as a language unit expressing a complete thought, which is made up of a subject and
a predicate. The subject requires a noun phrase, and the predicate requires a verb phrase and may be followed
by a noun phrase as an object. A sentence ends with a punctuation mark, such as a period.
This basic structure produces simple sentences. A simple sentence meets the minimum conditions for expressing
a complete thought. However, essay writing requires more than simple sentences to express ideas and attain a
level of sophistication.
Learning Objectives
In this unit, you will learn how to recognize and use three more types of sentences: compound, complex, and
compound-complex sentences.
At the end of this unit, you should be able to answer the following questions:
•
•
•
•
What are the four different types of sentences in English?
What is a compound sentence?
What is a complex sentence?
What is a compound-complex sentence?
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
PART 1 Clauses – Building Blocks of Sentences
It happens that a man, a traveler or fisherman, walking on the beach at a low tide, far from the bank, suddenly
notices that for several minutes he has been walking with some difficulty. The sand, which felt soft beneath his
feet, is like pitch, and his soles stick in it. It is sand no longer; it is glue. He sinks in two or three inches. He
draws one foot out of the sand; however, the other foot sinks in deeper. He throws himself to one side; the
sand comes up to his knees. Then he recognizes with unspeakable terror that he is caught in quicksand. The
sand gains on him more and more. He feels that he is being swallowed up. He howls, implores, cries to the clouds,
despairs. The sand creeps to his waist, and soon he is only a bust. The man sobs frenziedly; the sand rises to his
shoulders. The mouth cries; the sand fills it – silence. The eyes still gaze; the sand shuts them – night. Now the
forehead decreases and disappears.
Read the passage and think about the following questions:
1. Do you notice differences in the ways the different sentences are structured?
2.Identify the subject and the predicate in the sentence “He sinks in two or three inches.”
3. How are the two parts joined in this sentence? “He draws one foot out of the sand; however, the other
sinks deeper.”
4. How many subject-predicate relationships are there in this sentence? “Then he recognizes with
unspeakable terror that he is caught in quicksand.”
Words are small building blocks of sentences. Phrases are larger, while clauses are the largest building
blocks of sentences.
words phrases
clause
the
small
cat
purrs
loudly
the small cat
purrs loudly
the small cat purrs loudly
The clause “the small cat purrs loudly” is like a sentence except that it does not have capitalization in the
first letter of the first word, nor does it have a period at the end. It has a subject and a predicate, while
the phrases “the small cat” and “purrs loudly” do not have them.
A clause is a group of words that contains at least a noun phrase and a verb phrase, indicating the subjectpredicate relationship.
1. the cat purrs
np
vp
subj. predicate
1. an earthquake occurs at the bottom of the sea
np
vp
adverbial
subj.
predicate
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Independent and Dependent Clauses
A sentence may contain independent clauses or one clause may be dependent on another.
An independent clause has a subject-predicate structure and can stand alone as a sentence.
A dependent clause has a subject-predicate structure but cannot stand alone. It is part of a sentence.
1. My brother, who is a policeman in Ottawa, came for the family reunion.
dependent clause
The dependent clause, “who is a policeman in Ottawa,” modifies the noun phrase in the
subject position “my brother.”
2. Bachelors are men who are not married.
dependent clause
The dependent clause, “who are not married,” defines the noun “men,” which is
the subject complement.
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Practice 1
A dependent clause, if used alone, is a fragment or an incomplete sentence. It does not make sense without the
other part of the sentence. Fragments, or incomplete sentences, are a common error in essay writing.
In the following examples, some sentences are complete and some are incomplete.
Circle the complete sentences.
1. The lady who was injured in a car accident yesterday.
2. The number of female students has surpassed that of male students.
3. Because many students still depend on their parents for financial support.
4. That we now live in a multi-cultural community.
5. Women receive lower salaries than men.
6. Walking on the beach at a low tide.
7. It is glue.
8. He sinks in two or three inches.
Underline all the words that are part of a dependent clause in each sentence:
1. When it began to snow, we decided to set out for the ski resort.
2. Soon we realized that it was a snowstorm.
3. We called a travel agent to see if we could book a flight.
4. We were told that the airport was closed because of the snowstorm.
5. Some of us wanted to drive to the ski resort, which is 300 kilometres north of our town
Underline all the words that are part of a dependent clause in each sentence. Be careful: there might be
more than one dependent clause in each sentence.
1. Others worried that we could be stranded in the storm.
2. We talked and argued until it got dark.
3. We could not agree on a decision because there were just too many different opinions.
4. What we needed that day was a leader who could offer a solution and convince us to follow.
5. I learned that day what leadership means.
When you understand the difference between an independent and a dependent clause, it is easier to understand
the different types of sentences covered in Part 2.
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
PART 2 Compound, Complex and Compound-Complex Sentences
The sentence type is determined by the types of clauses used to form it.
1. Simple sentence: One independent clause
My brother bought a new car only last month.
2. Compound sentence: Two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinator.
My brother bought a new car last month, but he is already thinking of selling it.
3. Complex sentence: One independent clause and one (or more) dependent clauses
Although my brother bought a new car only last month, he is thinking of selling it.
Dependent, introduced by
independent
an adverbial subordinator
4. Compound-complex sentence: Combination of two or more independent clauses
and one (or more) dependent clauses
Although my brother bought a new car only last month,
dependent clause introduced by
an adverbial subordinator
he is thinking of selling it,
independent clause
but my sister-in-law will not let him do so.
independent clause joined by a coordinator
Unit 1 covered Simple Sentences. The following pages will focus on the other three types of sentences.
Compound Sentences
Two or more independent clauses joined together by a semicolon, a coordinator, or a conjunctive adverb
result in a compound sentence. Compound sentences express various relationships between clauses.
1. Susanne bought a small business with her money; Steve bought a race car with his money.
These two clauses are joined by a semicolon to indicate a close relationship between the two events, but
the writer does not otherwise express an opinion about them.
2. Susanne bought a small business with her money, but Steve bought a race car with his money.
3. Susanne bought a small business with her money; however, Steve bought a race car
with his money.
The use of “but” and “however” in these sentences indicates a close AND contrasting relationship between
the two clauses.
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Compound Sentences Formed with Semicolons
Independent clause; independent clause
The simplest way to form a compound sentence is to use a semicolon to join two independent clauses.
The two independent clauses must be closely related. If they are not, they should be written as
separate sentences.
1. It is sand no longer; it is glue.
Relationship – one clause negates the other
2. He throws himself to one side; the sand comes up to his knees.
Relationship – one action results in a consequence
3. The man sobs frenziedly; the sand rises to his shoulders.
Relationship – there is a parallel between the sobbing and the rising of the sand
Compound Sentences Formed with Coordinators
Independent clause + coordinator + independent clause
A compound sentence may be formed using a coordinator to link two independent clauses. Note that a
comma is placed between the first independent clause and the coordinator.
I looked for the document in the library, and he searched for the document on the Internet.
There are seven coordinators, each expressing a different relationship between the two clauses. To help
remember the seven coordinators, you can take the first letter of each coordinator and form the phrase
“FAN BOYS.”
Coordinator Meaning
Example
for
The second clause provides the reason
for the first
Bears do not eat during the winter
months, for they have enough fat
stored in their bodies.
and
The two clauses express equal or
similar ideas
My group put in a lot of time on the
project, and his group took the project
seriously, too.
nor
Two negative clauses of equal weight
Students do not have time for such field
trips, nor do they have the money to
finance the trips.
but
The two clauses express contrasting ideas
Many people did not like the candidate,
but they voted for him.
or
The two clauses express
alternative possibilities
Students must submit their assignments on
time, or they will risk failing the course.
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Coordinator Meaning
Example
yet
The second clause expresses an
I have been learning the language
unexpected, contrasting idea from the first for ten years, yet I do not speak
it with confidence.
so
The second clause expresses the result
of the first
We were tired and hungry, so we stopped
the work and went home.
Exercise 1
The two sentences below can be combined in a compound sentence by using one of the coordinators
provided. Circle the coordinator that best expresses the relationship between the two sentences.
1.Men have dominated most professions. They earn higher salaries than women in the same profession.
Choice of answers: BUT / AND / OR
2.In medicine and law, men continue to dominate. In recent years, more and more female students have
registered for medical and legal studies.
Choice of answers: NOR / FOR / BUT
3. The number of female students has surpassed that of male students. In a couple of years, the proportion
of males and females in these professions will change.
Choice of answers: SO / YET / OR
4. There may be more female doctors and lawyers. The salary gap between men and women may continue
to exist for some time.
Choice of answers: AND / FOR / YET
5. Women do the same work as their male counterparts. They receive lower salaries.
Choice of answers: SO / BUT / AND
6.Female professionals will not tolerate this discrimination. The public will not accept this inequality.
Choice of answers: AND / OR / NOR
7. The federal government has already made moves to correct the situation in public institutions. Some
women’s rights groups have launched lawsuits against the government.
Choice of answers: FOR / OR / BUT
8. Provincial governments must take action. They will face lawsuits, too.
Choice of answers: AND / OR / FOR
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Compound Sentences Formed with Conjunctive Adverbs
Independent clause + conjunctive adverb + independent clause
A compound sentence may be formed using a conjunctive adverb to link two independent clauses. A
semicolon follows the first independent clause and a comma follows the conjunctive adverb.
1. The mayor was under pressure to clear snow from the streets;
therefore, the city decided to hire more workers.
2. The government offers free French language courses to new immigrants;
moreover, those enrolled in the courses receive financial assistance.
3. He never showed up for the meeting;
instead, he asked Steve to represent him.
Here are some frequently used examples. Notice that some have meanings similar to certain coordinators.
Conjunctive adverb Meaning
Example
besides
furthermore
moreover
also
To introduce a similar additional idea
(similar to the and coordinator)
Candidates must submit their thesis
proposals on time; moreover, they
must defend their proposals before
their thesis committees.
however
nonetheless
nevertheless
instead
To introduce an opposite idea,
and to contrast things
(similar to the but coordinator)
The two countries eventually reached
an agreement on the issue; however,
the lack of trust between them
continued.
otherwise
To introduce an alternative
(similar to the or coordinator)
Motorists must pay their license fees on
time; otherwise, their licenses may be
suspended.
consequently
hence
therefore
thus
To introduce an effect or result
(similar to the so coordinator)
The company made errors in its reading
of market conditions; consequently, its
market share dropped.
in fact
indeed
To emphasize or restate
His father seldom shows his emotions;
in fact, he never laughs.
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Exercise 2
The two sentences below can be combined in a compound sentence by using one of the conjunctive
adverbs provided. Circle the conjunctive adverb that best expresses the relationship between the two
sentences, based on the intended meaning.
1. Conventional farming uses chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It pollutes the water system and
depletes the soil. (to signal a result)
Choice of answers: in fact / therefore / for example
2. Organic farming excludes the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It relies on the use of natural
manure and crop rotation. (intended meaning “in place of”)
Choice of answers: moreover / indeed / instead
3. Organic farming harvests what the soil can naturally produce. It returns to the soil everything compatible
with the environment. (to introduce an additional idea)
Choice of answers: as a result / moreover / for example
4. Organic food products are nutritious. They have greater nutritional value than foods from conventional
farming. (to emphasize)
Choice of answers: in fact / otherwise / however
5. Organic farming adapts to local conditions. It tends to be small in scale. (intended meaning: same
meaning as the coordinator so)
Choice of answers: for example / indeed / as a result
6. Organic farming aims to be in harmony with all natural systems. It does not use genetically modified
seeds, but natural seeds. (to introduce an example)
Choice of answers: however / for example / in fact
7. Organic farming is emerging as a credible way of farming. Its development has a number of barriers.
(same meaning as the coordinator but)
Choice of answers: however / besides / otherwise
8. One of the barriers is lack of funding for research. Very little research money is directed towards organic
farming practice. (to restate)
Choice of answers: besides / therefore / indeed
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Run-on Sentences and Comma Splices
Run-on sentences are common mistakes made when writing compound sentences: two or more independent
clauses are written one after another with no punctuation,
My brother bought a car last month he is already thinking of selling it.
or two independent clauses are incorrectly joined by a comma without a coordinator.
My brother bought a car last month, he is already thinking of selling it.
There are different ways to correct run-on sentences:
Add a period to separate the two independent clauses, creating two stand-alone independent clauses or
simple sentences.
My brother bought a car last month. He is already thinking of selling it.
Add a semicolon between the two independent clauses, correctly creating a compound sentence. Notice
how the semicolon takes the place of a period and joins ideas that make sense together.
My brother bought a car last month; he is already thinking of selling it.
Add a coordinator before the second independent clause, indicating the relationship between the two
independent clauses.
My brother bought a car last month, but he is already thinking of selling it.
Add a conjunctive adverb to join the two sentences. Remember to include a semicolon after the first
independent clause and before the conjunctive adverb, and a comma after the conjunctive adverb.
My brother bought a car last month; however, he is already thinking of selling it.
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Exercise 3
Correct each of the following run-on sentences by choosing what should be added: a period, a semicolon,
a coordinator or a conjunctive adverb. There are many possible answers; vary the solutions to create an
interesting story.
1.At 87 years old, Cecilia Smith caught a bear in a trap she shot and killed it.
2. Cecilia and her husband, Roland, live in Newfoundland their cabin is located in an isolated area
on the Northern Peninsula.
3. Cecilia has a licence for bear hunting she has been hunting all her adult life.
4. She explained that killing the bear was the easy part the hard part was placing him
in the pickup truck.
5. The bear weighed 200 kilograms it was too heavy for the Smiths to lift.
6. The Smiths had a rope and pulley, Cecilia hooked the rope around a tree branch and hauled the bear
up four feet.
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7.Roland backed the truck into position under the tree, Cecilia lowered the tied bear into the truck.
8. They drove the bear to Hawkes Bay, they wanted to confirm their kill by showing off the large carcass.
9. Cecilia said that the dead bear was too old and skinny to eat, it ended up at the town dump.
10. Cecilia Smith was a carpenter for 36 years and a hunter for even longer, she enjoys working hard.
Complex Sentences
A complex sentence has two or more sets of subject-predicate relationships.
Then he recognizes with unspeakable terror that he is caught in quicksand.
subject-predicate
subject-predicate
Notice how one set of subject-predicate relationship depends on the other; therefore, one is subordinate
to the other.
A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
There are three types of complex sentences:
Examples:
1) An independent clause and an adjective clause
Our house has gone up in value.
Our house, which we bought three years ago, has gone up in value.
The clause “which we bought three years ago” describes the noun “house.” It contains a subject-predicate
relationship, and it acts as an adjective.
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2)An independent clause and a noun clause
We appreciate it.
We appreciate that the value of our house has gone up.
The subordinate clause “that the value of our house has gone up” is the object of the verb “appreciate”,
and it acts as a noun.
3)An independent clause and an adverb clause
We bought the house three years ago for a reason.
We bought the house three years ago because we fell in love with it.
The clause “because we fell in love with it” gives the reason for buying the house. It contains a subjectpredicate relationship, and it acts as an adverb.
Complex Sentences Formed with Adjective Clauses
An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun in the independent clause.
It functions like an adjective. The noun or pronoun it modifies is called an antecedent.
We are looking to buy a car that meets the government’s emission standards.
adjective clause
Our house, which we bought three years ago, has gone up in value.
adjective clause
An adjective clause always begins with a relative pronoun such as who, which, that, whose, whom, or a
relative adverb such as when or where.
Some adjective clauses are restrictive, while others are non-restrictive.
A restrictive adjective clause provides necessary information for identifying or defining the noun phrase it
modifies. Without it, the reference of the noun phrase is unclear.
I finished reading the book that I took from the library.
Restrictive clauses often use the relative pronouns “that” or “who,” and are not separated from the antecedent
(“book”) by a comma.
A non-restrictive adjective clause only provides additional information about the noun phrase it modifies.
Without it, we still know what the noun phrase refers to.
The book, which contains more than 300 pages, is about history.
Non-restrictive clauses use the relative pronoun “which,” and are always separated from the antecedent
(“book”) by a comma.
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Complex Sentences Formed with Noun Clauses
There are times when an idea you may want to use as a subject or object of the sentence has a subjectpredicate relationship itself. Such ideas cannot be easily expressed in a noun phrase. They require a clause
that has the subject-predicate structure. Clauses that function like noun phrases are called noun clauses.
Noun clauses in the subject position:
Ice melting is clear evidence of global warming.
noun phrase
That ice is melting in the North Pole is clear evidence of global warming.
noun clause
The origin of the problem is no longer a mystery.
noun phrase
How human activities have caused global warming is no longer a mystery.
noun clause
Noun clauses in the object position:
Most scientists agree on the origin of the problem.
noun phrase
Most scientists agree that human activities have caused global warming.
noun clause
Many governments still don’t know the solution to the problem.
noun phrase
Many governments still don’t know how the problem can be solved.
noun clause
Complex Sentences Formed with Adverb Clauses
Adverb clauses modify verb phrases by specifying time, place, condition, cause, or manner. Adverb clauses
contain information that has a subject-predicate relationship.
Examples:
Adverb clause related to time:
The delegates will meet immediately.
vp
adv
The adverb “immediately” modifies the verb “meet” by specifying when.
The delegates will meet as soon as they arrive.
vp
adv clause
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The adverb clause “as soon as they arrive” modifies the verb “meet” by specifying when, just as the
adverb “immediately” did, but the information provided is more complex, expressed in a subject-predicate
relationship.
Adverb clause related to place:
We shopped in the mall.
vp prep. phrase
The prepositional phrase “in the mall” modifies the verb “shopped” by specifying where. Thus, the prepositional
phrase plays an adverbial function.
We shopped where credit cards are accepted.
vp
adv clause
The adverb clause “where credit cards are accepted” modifies the verb “shopped” by specifying where, just
as the adverbial “in the mall” did. However, the adverb clause carries more complex information with a
subject-predicate relationship.
Compound-Complex Sentences
A compound-complex sentence has elements of both compound and complex sentences. This type of
sentence contains two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
1. I wanted to take a short vacation after I finished my last exam; however, I had to
adv. clause
start my summer job immediately.
Two clauses joined by a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb to yield a compound sentence. The first part
of the compound sentence contains an adverb clause related to time, which creates a complex sentence.
2. Many students did not like the candidate as a person, but they voted for him
because he was the best person to represent student interests.
adv. clause
Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. The second part of the sentence contains an adverb
clause, which creates a complex sentence.
3. The government, which promised to invest in higher education,
adj. clause
did not increase the funding for universities; instead, it allowed universities to increase tuition fees.
Two independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb. The first part of the sentence contains a nonrestrictive adjective clause, which creates a complex sentence.
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4. Motorists who have not renewed their licences must pay the fee within a
adj. clause
week of receiving this notice, or they will risk losing their licences.
Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. The first part of the sentence has a restrictive adjective
clause, which creates a complex sentence.
This example shows how a compound-complex sentence can convey more information and be more expressive
than separate, simple sentences.
The sand used to feel soft beneath his feet. The sand is like pitch. His soles stick in it.
1
2
3
Sentences 1 and 2 express two simple ideas. Combining them creates a relationship by describing both what
the sand used to feel like and what it feels like now.
The sand, which used to feel soft beneath his feet, is like pitch. His soles stick in it.
1 + 2
3
The complex sentence 1 + 2 now includes a subordinate clause and better describes the contrast between
the two simple ideas. However, Sentence 3 appears as an afterthought, while it expresses a consequence
of what is said in Sentence 1 + 2. This close relationship can be captured in a compound sentence, using
the coordinator ‘and.’
The sand, which used to feel soft beneath his feet, is like pitch, and his soles stick in it.
1+2+3
The compound-complex sentence 1 + 2 + 3 now expresses all the relationships between the three ideas.
Varying Your Sentence Types
Good writing requires the use of all four kinds of sentences. A paragraph or essay written in mostly simple
sentences lacks sophistication because it cannot express relationships. Using a variety of sentence types
including compound, complex, or compound-complex leads to more expressive writing.
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Practice 2
The blank in the text below can be filled by a coordinator or a conjunctive adverb. Choose the option that
expresses the correct relationship between the clauses, paying attention to the punctuation.
1.
Valentine’s Day is named for a Christian priest from about A.D. 270. Missionaries used the priest’s name as a Christian label for a pagan celebration that heralds the arrival of spring in mid-February.
The tradition continued in Europe for many centuries ________ its way of celebration varied from
country to country.
, however
, so
, but
but,
2. One way to celebrate Valentine’s Day is the sending of cards to the “valentine” or loved one. Cards
are ideal for sending messages of love ________ one can use words, pictures, and drawings to create a message.
, indeed,
, for;
therefore,
, and
3. The sender can choose a subtle message ________ he or she may not be able to convey the subtle
message in person.
; indeed,
for
; instead,
, or
4.A card can be presented by hand ________ it can be sent to someone from a long distance.
or,
or
; or,
, or
5. The first person who made card-sending popular is Esther Howland of Massachusetts. In 1848, Esther
was a young woman. She had a broken kneecap ________ she stayed at home.
; so,
; therefore,
, therefore
so
6.A business associate of her father’s tried to cheer her up ________ he sent Esther a valentine card.
; so,
, therefore,
, therefore
, so
7. She liked the card. She decided to make some cards of her own. Everyone in her family liked her
cards ________ Esther could not find a way to introduce card-sending to other people.
but,
;however,
, yet
; yet,
8.Esther asked her brothers for help. Her brothers were importers who often traveled. The brothers
took some samples of her work on business trips, and they returned with five thousand dollars worth of business. This created a career for Esther ________ for the next thirty years, her work flourished.
, for
, so
, in fact
, but
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Indicate whether each of the following sentences contains an adjective clause (Adj.C),
a noun clause (NC) or an adverb clause. (Adv.C)
1. James Cornish, who had been in a fierce street fight, lay in the hospital emergency room.
Adj.C
NC
Adv.C
2. Blood gushed from a stab wound in his chest because a knife had penetrated his heart.
Adj.C
NC
Adv.C
3. After emergency treatment did not stop the bleeding, Dr. Williams decided to cut open
the chest cavity.
Adj.C
NC
Adv.C
4. That he was making the right decision was critical to Cornish’s survival.
Adj.C
NC
Adv.C
5. He reached his hand, which was slightly trembling, into the chest and felt the beating of the heart.
Adj.C
NC
Adv.C
6. Dr. Williams carefully sewed up the wound, which was very close to an artery.
Adj.C
NC
Adv.C
7. Although the heart faltered for a short while, it soon continued to beat, and the man would live.
Adj.C
NC
Adv.C
8. This was 1893, when anyone with a heart wound was given sedatives and a prayer and invariably died.
Adj.C
NC
Adv.C
9. There were no X-ray machines, miracle drugs and blood banks, which were to become essential
medical tools.
Adj.C
NC
Adv.C
10.It is now well known that Dr. Williams successfully performed the first open heart surgery.
Adj.C
NC
Adv.C
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ADVANCED Sentences – Unit 2
Indicate whether each of the following sentences is a compound (Cd), complex (Cx) or
compound-complex (CC) sentence.
1. Since I missed the application deadline for graduation, I won’t be able to graduate this spring.
Cd
Cx
CC
2. The university should send messages that remind the potential graduates of the deadline.
Cd
Cx
CC
3. To be healthy, children must form good eating habits; moreover, they must do physical exercises.
Cd
Cx
CC
4. Schools cannot tell children what to do; in fact, they can only give them tools that will help them
make the right choices.
Cd
Cx
CC
5. Dr. Williams became well known because he successfully performed the first open heart surgery.
Cd
Cx
CC
6.I still have one year before graduation, but I have already started looking for a job.
Cd
Cx
CC
7.I cannot imagine that people can travel from New York to London in two hours.
Cd
Cx
CC
8.I cannot play the violin any more, but I still remember the man who taught me the violin.
Cd
Cx
CC
9. Children used to play outdoors with each other; in contrast, they now stay indoors alone and play on
the computer.
Cd
Cx
CC
10. The taxi driver who took me home from the airport was friendly.
Cd
Cx
CC