Social Studies 20-1
Related Issue #1 - To what extent should nation be the foundation of identity?
Chapter 2: Shaping Nationalism
Chapter Issue: To what extent do external and internal factors shape nationalism?
*What are some factors that shape nationalism?
*How have people responded to some factors that shape nationalism?
*How have people in Canada responded to some factors that shape nationalism?
Name:
Darcy Owen
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Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
Chapter 2: Shaping Nationalism:
Chapter Issue: How do external and internal factors shape nationalism?
What Are Some Factors That Shape Nationalism? (Pages 44-53)
Begin by looking at the picture, Figure 2-1 on page 42. Also examine the sources on
pages 44/45 and read the subsequent items throughout chapter 2.
The French Revolution
Many historians believe that the French Revolution, which started in 1789, was an
important turning point in the history of European nationalism.
Revolutions like the one in France change the way people think about
themselves and their national identity.
These changes are often shaped by external factors - outside events and ideas. These
external factors can be historical, social, economic, geographic, and political. And all of
these external factors influence each other - they do not exist in isolation - not one can
stand alone.
We will read about the five external factors that help shape nationalism on pages 44 to
page 53. Under each heading below, please jot down some important points and
examples that you feel how each of these factors influence nationalism. Then, make a
comparison to how these factors influence nationalism in Canada.
The glue that often holds a nation together is made up of shared memories. Perhaps of
friendship, kindness, acceptance, belonging, support, sacrifice, courage, struggle and
success. The people of France developed a collective consciousness that grew out of
their shared memory of or shared pride in specific events. It is especially significant if
people were involved in the event like the Storming of the Bastille.
COMPLETE THE TWO FOLLOWING CHARTS LOCATED IN THE NEXT FEW PAGES
- THESE CAN BE COMPLETED POINT FORM…….
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
Causes of the French Revolution
Before the French Revolution, great inequalities existed in French society.
1. An unjust estate / class system
The first estate — the clergy and king had all the power and controlled all aspects of life
the second estate — the nobility were given power by the king did not pay taxes
enjoyed a good life financed by the king the third estate – the commoners, included
peasants, business people, bankers, and civil servants paid most of the taxes.
2. An unfair tax system
Peasants paid fees, taxes, and dues that supported the lavish lifestyles of the clergy,
nobility, and monarchy.
3. Privileges of the nobility
The nobility imposed and received taxes expected labour and service for free could hunt
whenever and wherever they liked.
4. Poverty of the peasants
The amount of taxes that the peasants were paying was increasing.
5. The monarchy’s outrageous spending habits
The monarchy was spending large sums of money on parties, fashion, art. etc. The
country was going into debt.
6. Feudal system
A system that divided land into estates owned by a few wealthy landlords and the
church was now perceived as unfair.
7. New ideas
Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Locke all wrote of a better, more equal society.
Philosophers supported a general rejection of traditional authorities. The idea of
democracy was becoming popular; absolutism seemed out of fashion and people
wanted a political system in which the will of the majority of people ruled.
8. Important events taking place in other countries
England forms a limited monarchy after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.
The thirteen British colonies in North America would soon declare their independence
from the monarchy of England, becoming the first republic or the first government in
the world to not be run by a monarchy in 1776,
(The United States of America).
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
5Ws+H Chart - The Storming the Bastille
WHO?
WHAT?
WHEN?
WHERE?
WHY?
HOW?
The fact that the Bastille contained no political prisoners at that time has not affected its
status as a symbol of French nationalism. Does this matter? Explain your answer.
What aspects of the storming of the Bastille made this event so important? Why?
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
*In Column 1 of the chart below, make notes on each of the factors that shaped nationalism. So I should
basically see a definition that's been written in your own words.
*In Column 2 of the chart, explain how each factor shaped French Nationalism. Essentially these will be
“examples” of each factor that you defined in Column 1.
Definition of FACTOR
Column 1
HISTORICAL:
SOCIAL:
ECONOMIC:
GEOGRAPHIC:
POLITICAL:
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
How it Shaped French Nationalism?
Column 2
French Revolution - Revolutionary Government
National Assembly (1789-1792)
Republicans
*radicals
*originally small in number
*wanted monarchy abolished
Moderates
*bourgeoisie
*wanted to abolish serfdom
*wanted tax only on income
*wanted rule of law
*wanted constitutional monarchy
*wanted rights of man
Aristocracy
*nobles
*feared violence
*wanted to abolish feudalism
*wanted to keep feudal obligations such as seigneurial dues from rent on
property
*wanted to keep private property
National Convention (1792-1795)
Jacobins
*radical
*from urban centers
*wanted a centralized government
*wanted to abolish private property
*wanted the King executed
Girondins
*moderate
*wanted a decentralized government
*wanted strict adherence to constitution
*wanted respect for private property
*from rural areas
*wanted clemency for Louis XVI
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
The Plain
*moderate; large group in the political centre
*uncommitted on most issues
*usually joined forces with the Girondins
The Directory (1795-1799)
Directors
*held executive power
*there were five directors
*were chosen by the Council of Elders from a list submitted by the Council
of Five Hundred
Council of Five Hundred
*introduced legislation
*members were elected
*elections held every spring with one-third of the council seeking reelection
each year
Council of Elders
*250 members
*approved or disapproved legislation
*members were elected
*elections held every spring with one-third of the group seeking reelection
each year
View the following YouTube clips to help you with further research on the French Revolution:
French Revolution-Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fv1mEd_I-_E
French Revolution-Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0t4MF9ZoppM
French Revolution-Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watchv=BZmtnCqTWik&feature=relmfu
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
Changes in France because of the French Revolution.....
Topic
Description Under
the Old Regime
Feudal
Obligations
- feudal dues to aristocracy
- seigneurial dues for rent
- serfdom
- aristocrats exempt from
taxes
- Church tithe
Church Lands
Clergy
Government
Administration
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
Description during
the French
Revolution
- abolished
- abolished then property
rents were reintroduced
- abolished
- aristocrats would now
pay taxes
- abolished, peasants
would pay rent for use of
Church property
- Church controlled 10% of
land in France
- Church provided
education, orphanages,
and relief for people
- lands nationalized by
state
- state would assume
social services
- totally controlled by
Church
- loyalty to the Pope in
Rome
- Civil Constitution of the
Clergy
- clergy under state control
- clergy elected by people,
paid by state
- clergy swore oath to Civil
Constitution
- Church parishes
reorganized under state
control
- country organized into
provinces
- controlled by intendants
- courts appointed by
parlements - appointed
by king
- France reorganized into
83 departments
- controlled by elected
officials
- replaced by a unified
system of courts
- court officials elected
French Nationalism
Item
Tricolour Insignia
Levee en Masse
- three colours, blue, white, and red
- became the French flag, a nationalistic
symbol
- provided citizens with occupations
- entire society mobilized for war
- all men aged 18-25 went into the army
- women make clothing and tents for soldiers
- older men produced war material
- women worked in hospitals
- propaganda fueled the war machine and
nationalism
French
Revolutionary
Calendar
- unique to France
- invented by the French
- special Revolutionary Day
- based on French climate
French Army
- citizen army
- loyal to state, not to the king
- officers commissioned on basis of merit, not
birth
- wars against other European powers to
protect the new French state
- National guard replaces Swiss guard
Republic of Virtue
Darcy Owen
Explain how this created French nationalism!
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
- individuals addressed as “citizen”
- costumes of the Old Regime gone
- introduction of metric system
- attack on enemies of the republic
Events of the French Revolution
17th June, 1789 - Formation of the National Assembly by the 3rd Estate.
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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20th June, 1789 - Tennis Court Oath
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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14th July, 1789 - Fall of the Bastille
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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20th July to August, 1789 - Great Fear
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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26th August, 1789 - Declaration of Rights of Man
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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5th October 1789, 1789 - Women march on Versailles
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
3rd November, 1789 - nationalization of Church lands (most radical event
of early stages of French Revolution)
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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12th July, 1790 - Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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20th June, 1791 - Royal family attempts to flee
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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1st October, 1791 - Legislative Assembly meets for first time
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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April 21st, 1792 - France declares war on Austria
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
KEY Dates: 2nd Phase of the French Revolution begins.....
August 10, 1792 - Paris mob storms the Tuileries Palace
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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September, 1792 - September Massacres
Significance: _____________________________________________________
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September 21st, 1792 - Formation of the National Convention
Significance: _____________________________________________________
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Three distinct groups of the National Convention
“The Girondins”
Leaders? ______________________ and _______________________
Favored: ________________________________________________________
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Who supported them? _____________________________________________
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What did they want to do with Louis XVI?
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Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
“The Jacobins”
Leaders? _________________________ and __________________________ .
Favored: ________________________________________________________
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Who supported them? _____________________________________________
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What did they want to do with Louis XVI?
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Which other group was in the middle? ________________________
Which group above did they support most often? ______________________
January 14, 1793 - Louis XVI is executed
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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April 1793 - Law of Maximum
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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April 1793 - Committe of Public Safety
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
July 1793 - Robespierre is head of Committee of Public Safety which begins...
The Reign of Terror
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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July 28, 1794 - Robespierre is executed
The Thermidorian Reaction
Significance: ______________________________________________________
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How Have People Responded to Some Factors That Shape Nationalism? (Pages 56-58)
If a Canadian does something that is good, such as an athlete, a community leader, a
musician, or an actor, do you take pride in their achievements and does it inspire you to
fell a greater sense of national identity and pride. If this is the case, it means you have
internalized your feelings of nationalism.
The glue that holds a community or a nation together is often made up of shared
memories: memories of friendship, kindness, acceptance, belonging, support, sacrifice,
courage, and success. Events such as the storming of the Bastille become symbols
because they help people share a sense of belonging to a nation. People also develop
other symbols that help them share a sense of belonging. Shortly after the Bastille was
stormed, for example, the revolutionaries started wearing red, white, and blue
cockades, or badges, to identify themselves as revolutionaries. This cockade became
such a powerful symbol that its colours were later chosen for the French flag.
Immigration of Muslims to France though out the 20th century has changed and
affected the glue that holds France together. Some people began to suggest that the
country’s Muslim minority was threatening the French national identity. In recent
years, the country has passed strict laws governing who can — and cannot — become
a citizen. In 2004, another law came into effect after heated debate. It forbids the
wearing of “conspicuous” religious apparel in state schools. The banned items include
Jewish yarmulkes, Sikh turbans, large Christian crosses, and Muslim headscarves.
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
Story and Nationalism in the United States
Stories like the storming of the Bastille inform people of their roots, help shape their
identity, and remind them of what they are capable of achieving. In the United States, for
example, many Americans view the story of the Boston Tea Party of 1773 as a defining
moment in their national history.
In 1773, Britain controlled 13 colonies along what is today the eastern seaboard of the
United States. Like France during the 18th century, Britain had spent a lot of money on
wars — and King George III and the British Parliament wanted to recover some of the
costs. One of their strategies was to raise taxes in the American colonies. They also
planned to be stricter about collecting existing taxes.
These plans angered many colonists. They had no say in the way they were taxed because
they did not elect representatives to the British Parliament. As a result, they said that
Parliament had no right to tax them, and one of their slogans became “No taxation
without representation.” Facing this strong opposition, the British backed away from
many of their taxation plans.
The Boston Tea Party
The British still needed money. So in 1773, Parliament decided to get around the
colonists’ objections by changing the way tea was taxed. They believed that the colonists
would agree to pay this tax rather than go without tea, which was a very popular drink.
But the colonists surprised them. When three ships loaded with tea arrived in Boston,
some of the colonists disguised themselves as American Indians, forced their way onto
the ships, and dumped the tea into the harbour.
At the time, tea was very expensive, and the colonists’ action cost British merchants a
great deal of money. The British responded by shutting down the port of Boston so that
no ships could come or go.
This incident is often identified as the spark that started the American Revolution, a
violent conflict that led to the creation of an independent United States. Awareness of this
story sets a tone for Americans. It supports their vision of themselves as a freedom-loving
people who will not tolerate tyranny.
Would you consider this to be the USA creation story like Vimy Ridge has been described for
Canada? Any other stories you would consider for the USA?
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
How Have People in Canada Responded to Some Factors That Shape Nationalism?
(Pages 59-63)
Like others Canadians respond to national myths that give them a sense of who they
are. One myth that is a part of the Canadian collective consciousness is the story of the
building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. John A. Macdonald dreamed of an iron road
that would link the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. The CPR played a
key role in creating a country that extended from sea to sea. British Columbia joined
Confederation in 1871 because of Macdonald’s promise to connect the CPR to BC.
Challenging Canadian Myths (page 60)
At the beginning of the 20th century, people of British heritage formed the dominant
cultural group in Canada. The background of more than half the population of Canada
was British and British history was taught in schools. Canada had no FLAG of its own
so the British flag was used. As a result, many of Canada’s stories were shaped by
people whose world view was British.
Immigrants from non-British countries, Francophones, and Aboriginal people began to
tell their own stories and histories. As they affirmed their identities, they challenged the
idea that Canada was British. They also challenged some of the myths that had become
part of Canada’s collective consciousness.
Read about Victoria Callihoo, The Metis Queen Victoria on page 60.
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
Some Perspectives on Nationalism within Canada
First Nations and Métis
Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
Inuit
Québécois
Please answer the following questions:
1. Which "Factor of Nationalism" do you believe best explains Canadian Nationalism?
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2. Which "Factor of Nationalism" do you believe best explains one or all aboriginal
groups pursuit of nationalism?
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Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT
3. Which "Factor of Nationalism" do you believe best explains Quebec's pursuit of
Nationalism?
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4. Which "Factor of Nationalism" do you believe best explains the USA’s pursuit of
Nationalism?
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Darcy Owen
Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT