Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
Chemistry Basics Activity Guide
Components 8.5.1, 8.5.2, 8.5.3
Agenda
❏ W​hat is Chemistry? → Page 2
❏ Pre-Assessment: Answer the questions in the boxes.
❏ States of Matter PHET Simulation → Page 3
❏ Complete the interactive and record your results
❏ Notes on States of Matter→ Page 6
❏ States of Matter Quiz
❏ Give your Science teacher your score and percent
70% or Above
(Pick one of the following)
● Continue working on the activity guide
69% or Under
● STUDY!!!
● Retake the quiz ​TOMORROW
❏ Pre-Assessment: Changes in Matter → Page 7
❏ Changes in Matter Notes → Page 8
❏ Physical and Chemical Properties/ Physical Changes and Chemical
Reactions worksheets → Page 9
❏ Physical and Chemical Reactions Stations → Page 10
❏ Changes in Everyday Life → Page 11
❏ Read the story and follow the directions at the top to identify the properties and changes
❏
Mystery Powder Lab→ Page 12
❏ Using the physical and chemical properties to identify an unknown substance
❏
❏
❏
Notes on Classification of Matter Elements, Compounds and Mixtures →
Page 15
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Lab → Page 16
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Worksheet→ Page 17
❏ Use your notes and the lab to help fill in the worksheet
❏
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Quiz
❏ Give your Science teacher your score and percent
●
70% or Above
(Pick one of the following)
Chemical Reactions Activity Guide
69% or Under
● STUDY!!!
● Retake the quiz ​TOMORROW
1
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
What is Chemistry?
What is chemistry? (What do YOU THINK
chemistry is?)
The study of…
Draw a picture of something that represents
chemistry.
Where do we use chemistry in our everyday
lives?
Why is it important to study chemistry in
school?
2
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
States of Matter
Procedure:
● Open the internet browser and enter the address: ​http://phet.colorado.edu
● Click on “Play with Sims” and select “Chemistry” from the menu on the left.
● Open the “States of Matter” Simulation and select “Run Now”
Investigation:
1. Predict what the molecules of a solid, liquid and gas look like. Illustrate your prediction with a drawing.
Solid
Liquid
Predict what the
molecules will look
like (draw your
prediction)
Predict how heat
will impact your
drawing
3
Gas
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
Predict how cooling
will impact your
drawing
1. Click the ​TAB by the THERMOMETER​.
2. Change Kelvin to Celsius
3. Complete the table below by exploring the “Solid, Liquid, Gas” tab in the simulation.
a. Test​ your predictions and record your observations by recording the temperature and illustrations
of each substance in the three states of matter.
Observations
Liquid
Substances
Solid
Neon
Argon
Oxygen
Gas
Temperature:
Temperature:
Temperature:
Illustration:
Illustration:
Illustration:
Temperature:
Temperature:
Temperature:
Illustration:
Illustration:
Illustration:
Temperature:
Temperature:
Temperature:
Illustration:
Illustration:
Illustration:
4
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
Water
Temperature:
Temperature:
Temperature:
Illustration:
Illustration:
Illustration:
2. Select “Water”
3. Select “Liquid”
4. Complete the chart below. ​ Write your hypotheses first!
Question
Hypothesis
Observation
How does
molecular motion
change when
heat is added?
How does
molecular motion
change when the
temperature is
cooled down?
5
Describe
the
thermal
energy
movement
Was your
hypothesis
correct?
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
States of Matter Notes
What is Matter?
● Everything around you.
●
Anything that has mass and takes ________________________..
4 States of Matter
●
●
Each have their own characteristics
○
Temperature range
○
Molecule motion
○
Molecule arrangement
Examples
○
Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma (see below chart)
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Temperature Range of
Water
Below 0 ℃
Between 0 ℃ and 100
℃
Above 100 ℃
Molecule Movement
_________________
Freely moving
Freely moving
Molecule Arrangement
Fixed Positions
Loose Contact
Not in Contact
Example
Ice Cube
Liquid Water
_______________
Drawing of Molecules
Plasma
●
4th state of matter
6
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
●
●
●
Made up of free positive and negative atoms (aren’t bound to the nucleus)
Doesn’t happen regularly on Earth (unless it’s man made-neon lights)
Examples:
○ Northern Lights (Aurora Borealis)
○ Bolt of Lightning
○ Fluorescent light bulbs
○ Stars
Changes between the states of Matter
●
When thermal energy (heat) is ​_______________​or _
​ ______________
f​rom an object it can change its state of matter
●
Depends on the temperature of that item
○
Different objects have different melting /_________________ points
○
Example:
■
Water freezes at 0℃ and boils at 100℃
■
Carbon Dioxide freezes at ​-56.6°C​ and boils at -​ 78.5°C
States of Matter Quiz!
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
● Are the following physical or chemical properties?
o The block is red ​→​ ____________
o The boiling point of water is 100 degrees ​→​ ____________
o Baking soda reacts with vinegar ​→​ ____________
o The piece of metal is magnetic ​→​ ____________
7
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
o Argon is not very reactive ​→​ ____________
● Are the following physical or chemical changes?
o Boiling Water ​→​ ____________
o Baking a cake ​→​ ____________
o Crushing a can ​→​ ____________
o Mixing sand and water ​→​ ____________
o Toasting marshmallows ​→​ ____________
Show teacher before moving on!
Changes in Matter Notes
Matter doesn’t always look the same / reactions can change the composition of the object
Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
●
Definition
Examples
●
Can be observed with the senses or
measured without changing it.
●
May only be observed by changing the
chemical identity of a substance.
This property measures the potential for
undergoing a chemical
______________.
●
●
●
●
●
Color
Density
Freezing/boiling point
Molecular ____________
Volume
●
●
●
Reactivity
Flammability
Ability to conduct ________________.
Physical and Chemical Reactions
Physical Reactions
Definition
Examples
●
●
●
Change in state of matter
Change in shape
Often can be ______________
●
Change in shape
Chemical Reactions
●
●
8
●
Happen on a molecular level
Two or more molecules interact / bonds
between molecules are formed or break
_____________ be reversed
●
Precipitate Formed
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
/ Clues
●
○ Crushing a can
○ Breaking a pencil
Change in matter
○ Boiling water
○ Freezing juice into ice cubes
●
●
●
●
Gas/Bubbles Produced
Color Change
Change in Temperature (heat is
absorbed or released)
Anything that is cooked /
____________is a chemical reaction
Pictures
We use physical/chemical properties and physical/chemical reactions to help us identify
unknown samples.
Physical vs Chemical Properties
Classify the following properties as either chemical or physical by putting a check in the appropriate column.
Physical
Property
Statement
Chemical
Property
1. One can use their five senses to determine the properties of a substance.
2. Properties usually describe how a substance reacts
3. Oxygen is odorless and colorless
4. The density of water is 1.0 gram per cubic centimeter
5. The tree is 8 meters high
6. Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water to produce gas
7. Iron reacts with oxygen and forms rust
8. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees C
9. Baking soda reacts with vinegar
10. Oxygen is a gas
Physical vs Chemical Reactions
Classify the following properties as either chemical or physical by putting a check in the appropriate column.
9
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
Physical
Change
Statement
1.
Change is easily reversible
2.
A change that does produce a new substance.
3.
Crushing a can
4.
Rusting of Iron
5.
Burning a block of wood
6.
Mixing sand and water
7.
Breaking a glass
8.
Mixing baking soda and vinegar to produce carbon dioxide gas
9.
Dissolving salt and water
Chemical
Change
10. Baking a cake
11. Chopping wood
12. Mixing red and green marbles
13. A solid is crushed to a powder
14. A marshmallow is toasted over a campfire
Physical and Chemical Reaction Stations
Complete the data table below with detailed observations of
what you see at each station. Did you witness a physical or
chemical reaction? How do you know?
Number
Detailed Observation
What type of reaction
occurred?
1
2
3
4
5
10
Evidence of Reaction
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
6
7
8
9
10
Extra Practice-Changes in Everyday Life
Complete only if you need extra practice! Ask your teacher!
Physical and chemical reactions occur all around you every day. Read the story below and underline the
physical and chemical reactions you see within it. Use your ​blue or black​ pen to underline physical reactions
and your ​red​ pen to underline chemical reactions.
Just One of Those Days
Aaahhh. A brand new day. You go into the kitchen and open the fridge and pour a glass of milk. Before you
even drink it you can tell from the smell that the milk has soured. You make a glass of ice water instead.
Suddenly, you hear your cat screech. You run to help her and see she has stepped on a rusty tack (you know
from science class that it rusted due to oxidation). You run to call the emergency traveling vet to come to your
house. As you are walking back to the kitchen, you notice that some of your plants are dying and beginning to
decay and that some salt water has evaporated out of your fish tank. You make a mental note to take care of
both after school.
11
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
You go back to get your ice water but you find that the ice has
melted. You are so thirsty you don't care and drink it anyway.
You suddenly realize how hungry you are and take an apple
from the counter and bite into it. Yum. Then you hear glass
breaking. (What kind of crazy day is this?!) You run to see what
has happened and find that the traveling vet accidentally broke
a window. But he promises to pay for the damage before he
takes your cat away to attend to her injury.
What a day, and it's only just begun. You go back to the apple, but it has turned brown. You decide to make
some eggs and toast instead. You first whip the eggs with a fork and then cook them. You pop a piece a bread
in the toaster, which a few minutes later turns nice and brown. You melt some butter on the toast and add
some jelly.
You think about dyeing your hair purple but then remember how your parents reacted when your sister did
that. So instead you just decide to finish breakfast and catch the bus, hoping the crazy part of your day has
ended.
Mystery Powder- Unknowns
Purpose:
● To identify the unknown powders within a sample using physical and chemical
properties.
Safety Precautions​: wear goggles, do not taste anything, put foil in water after heating,
do not reach over open flame, wash hands, iodine will stain
Procedure:
● Testing physical properties of the mystery powder
○ Put on safety glasses.
○ Hand Lens/Microscope
● Testing chemical properties of the mystery powder
1. Put on safety glasses. Tie back long hair.
2. VINEGAR: Place 2-3 drops of vinegar on top of the mystery powder.
o If there is a reaction, bubbling and or fizzing will occur.
12
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
3. IODINE: Place 2-3 drops of iodine on top of the mystery powder.
o If there is a reaction, a black color indicates the presence of starch.
4. HEAT: Fold an aluminum sheet into fourths to create four layers of thickness.
o Place the mystery powder into the aluminum tray.
o Using tongs, place the substance over the Bunsen burner flame. Observe.
o Describe what is happening to the mystery powder as it is heated.
▪ What does it look like? (Melting, Boiling? Flammable? Heat
Resistant?)
▪ What does it smell like?
▪ What does it sound like?
Data: Fill in each box with detailed observations.
Substance
Physical Test
Microscope
Chemical Test
Vinegar
Iodine
Heat
Mystery
Powder
Letter
_________
Conclusion: Compare the mystery powder results to the known powder results. Complete
the table below for each test.
Physical Test
Microscope
Chemical Test
Vinegar
13
Iodine
Heat
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
Possible
Powders
(you can
select up to 7)
1.
How many powders are mixed within your mystery powder? Ask your teacher!_______
2.
What powders do you think are in your mystery powder?
3.
Explain why you think your unknowns were the ones you listed above. Provide at
least 2 pieces of evidence.
4.
Why was it necessary to run more than just on type of test on your powder?
5.
What is one real life example of when a scientist might need to identify an unknown
substance?
14
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
Classification of Matter Notes
We classify matter into three basic categories based upon their molecules
Element
Compound
Mixture
Any substance that contains
only one kind of atom
Consists of atoms of two or more
different elements chemically
bonded together
Consists of two or more different
elements/compounds
___________________ be
broken down
Can be broken down
Can be separated
Pure or Not
Pure Substance
____________ Substance
Not a pure substance
Identified by
A chemical symbol (ex. H)
A chemical formula (H​2​O)
By the ingredients in contains
Classification
Classified as a metal,
nonmetal, or metalloid
X
Classified as homogeneous or
heterogeneous
Basic
Difference
Examples
Anything on the periodic
table
● Hydrogen
● Helium
● Oxygen
●
●
●
●
●
Sugar
Water
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
______________
15
●
●
●
●
●
Sugar water
Blood
Granite tile
Cereal with milk
Granola bar
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
●
___________
Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixture
●
●
●
●
Heterogeneous Mixture
Uniformly mixed / Evenly distributed
Parts do not appear separate
Difficult to take apart
Examples
● Air (includes N2​​ , O2​​ , H2​​ O, CO​2​),
● Blood (includes red blood cells, white blood
cells, plasma, and platelets)
● Kool-aid (coloring, sugar, flavoring)
●
●
●
●
Not uniformly mixed / Unevenly distributed
Parts appear separate
Easy to take apart
Examples:
○ Trail Mix
○ Cereal and Milk
○ _________________________
○ Granola Bar
Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures Stations
Directions:​ Answer the questions. Then, rotate through the stations, identifying each substance as an element,
compound, or mixture.
Questions:
1. Classify the following as an element, compound, or mixture (heterogeneous or homogeneous)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen = ______________________________________
Sugar (C​12H
_______________________________________
​ ​22O
​ ​11)=
​
Sugar Water that’s completely mixed = _____________________________
Sugar Water with sugar at the bottom = _____________________________
2. What is the difference between an element and a compound?
3. How is a heterogeneous mixture different from a homogeneous mixture?
4. Which can be found on the periodic table: elements, compounds or mixtures?
16
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
Classify each substance and indicate your choice in the data table below.
Station Number /
Identity of Substance
Element
Compound
Homogeneous
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Mixture
1. Oil and Water
2. Water
3. Juice
4. Air in a balloon
5. Sugar
6. Aluminum Foil
7. Pepper
8. Salt
9. Sand
10. Soil
11. Trail Mix
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Worksheet
Complete only if you need Extra Practice! Ask your teacher!
●
1.
5.
Classify each example below as an element, compound, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture.
2.
3.
4.
7. Sugar
8. Chlorine
6.
17
Name:___________________________________________________________________________Period:
___________
9. Water
10. Dirt
11. Silver
12. Neon
13. Bird’s Nest
14. Gatorade
15. Nitrogen
16. Lemonade
17. Air
18. Trail Mix
19. Blood
20. Lava Lamp
1. Which was easier to identify, a compound, a mixture, or an element?
2. Why?
3. Is it easier to identify a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture?
4. Why?
18