SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – volume 3 Issue 5 – May 2016
Application of Sunlight for Treatment of Textile
Industrial Effluent through Catalytic
Degradation by a Photo Catalyst
Ram Babu Pachwarya1*, A. L. Ramanathan2, Deepchand Saini1, R.C.Meena3
1Motilal Nehru College, University of Delhi, BJM New Delhi-110021
2SES, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067
3Department of Chemistry Jai Narain Vyas University, JODHPUR (Rajasthan)
Abstract
Advance Oxidation process based photo catalyst is
emerging as a new and sustainable technology for solving
environmental water pollution problems. From last three
decades researchers are working for degradation of water
soluble organic pollutants like Water soluble organic
pollutants or non-biodegradable water soluble organic
pollutants/chemicals. AOP/technique is yet to be
implemented on large scale for treatment of wastewater of
industries and household effluent. Degradation of water
soluble organic pollutants by photo catalyst TiO2 is good
alternate to replace costly traditional treatment
technologies. A result of experiment is exiting and we
recover 99.9904% transparent water from highly polluted
wastewater in 5 hour treatment.
Keywords: TiO2 , Photocatalyst, Degredation, pH, Light
Intensity
1. Introduction
Degradation of the water soluble organic pollutants
especially non-biodegradable organic chemicals is a
crucial challenge for researchers. Modern water
soluble organic pollutants are more stable so,
conventional biological treatment methods are
becomes ineffective. TiO2 photo catalyst is a cheap
and effective to degrade water soluble organic
pollutant including dye pollutants. Treatment of
wastewater of textile industries, paper industries,
food industries, chemical industries, contain residual
dyes is challenging for environmentalists. Adsorption
and coagulation etc. are common techniques used in
treatment wastewater these methods transfer dyes
from liquid to solid phase and produces secondary
pollution and requiring further treatment. AOPAdvance oxidation process is developed technique
and this technique will prove best technic for
treatment of wastewater especially textile industries
effluent.
ISSN: 2348 – 8352
In this process e- are migrate from VB- CB resultant
holes are formed in BV resultant degradation starts.
A. Akyol et al1 are worked on photo catalytic
degradation of dyes of different industries. Poulios
and Tsachpinis2 investigated the Photo catalytic
degradation of Reactive Black 5, using different semi
conducting oxides, TiO2, UV-100 TiO2, ZnO, and
TiO2/WO3. Four parallel black light blue fluorescent
tubes were used as the UV-light source. It received
much attention in the degradation and complete
mineralization
of
environmental
pollutants.
Zhongbiao Wu et al3 worked on newly developed
photo catalyst are Alkali and alkaline earth tantalates
TiO2 and other photo catalyst in different application
with new techniques have arisen as a new group of
photo catalyst materials for water splitting into H2 &
O2 and organic molecular degradation under ultraviolet/visible light irradiation. Many researchers
agree that transition metal oxide such as TiO2, ZnO,
CdS and WO3 etc. are excellent photo catalytically
breaking down organic pollutants. Ever since 1977,
when Frank and bard4-5 first examined the
possibilities of using TiO2 to decompose cyanide in
water, there has been increasing interest in
environmental applications. Some recent years
published research work on depredation of water
pollutants of textile effluent and photocatalyst.6-11.
Bhatkhande et al10 Reviewed recent works in this
area and listed the compounds degraded by photo
catalysis by various researchers. Legrini et al.12 in
1993 suggested that the purification with TiO2 photo
catalyst in presence of UV radiation has been known
to have several advantages; effective degredation of
organic compounds dissolved or dispersed in water
and inexpensive cost. Stylidi et al.13 proposed a
TiO2-mediated photo degradation mechanism for
Acid Orange 7, what led to the complete
mineralization of the organic molecule into
naphthalene and benzene type rings and carbon into
CO2, nitrogen into NH4+and NO3-, sulfur into
SO42- ions. Chin Cheng Hsu and N. L. Wu carried
out degradation of Methyl Orange under UV Light
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SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – volume 3 Issue 5 – May 2016
(300 nm) illumination using ZnO/ZnO2 as photo
catalyst.14.Wang at al.15 reported enhanced photo
catalytic activity for Methyl orange degradation using
SO42-/ZnO/TiO2 and ZnO as photo catalysts
respectively. A. L. Ahmad and S. W. Puasa,
“Reactive Dyes Decolouri- zation from an Aqueous
Solution by Combined Coagula- tion/MicellarEnhanced Ultrafiltration Process,”. Ziyong Yu et
al[17] The accelerated discoloration of Orange II by
an innovative Co3O4/Raschig ring photocatalyst
(from now on Co3O4/RR) is feasible and proceeds to
completion using oxone as an oxidant within the
surprisingly short time of ∼5 min. D.Mendez-Pazet et
al [18] is carried out anaerobic treatment of azo dyes
Acid orange 7 under Fed batch and continues
condition. The removal rate of dye pollutant is
increase with high rate when some glucose is added
to reaction mixture. Degradation of Acid Green 16
was studied by Sakthivel et al.[19] using ZnO
irradiated with sunlight. Here the photo degradation
efficiency decreased with an increase in initial dye
concentration. Optimum catalyst loading was found
to be 250 mg in 100 ml.”
We try to revive the attention of researchers toward
utilization of solar energy for treatment of
wastewater.. We also find out effect of different
parameters on rate of degradation. These parameters
are (1) catalyst loading, (2) dye concentration, (3)
pH, (4) light intensity, (5) dissolve oxygen. All the
sets are observed for 5 hour.
2. Materials and Methods:
2.1 Material :- TiO2, H2SO4, NaOH, Azo Dyes etc
2.2 Analytical methods:
The change in dye concentration is observed simply
by Shimadzu-160 UV/Visible spectrophotometer. We
pipet out 10 ml of solution at 30 minute time interval
and observe change in percentage transparency.
2.3 Experimental set up and Experimental procedure
The photo reaction is carried out in glass reactor
which containing polluted water. Solution of reactor
is continuously stirred by magnetic stirrer during the
experiment. We kept reactor in sunlight.
1
2
3
A
B
C
4
5
6
Fig. I. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup: (1) UV lamp; (2) stirrer; (3) Thermometer; (4) Glass reactor (beaker); (5) water bath; (6)
magnetic stirrer. Beaker (a) Dye solution without catalyst shows no change in color (b) shows (degradation of dye molecules) change in color by
the action of photo catalyst (c), solution becomes colorless this shows the complete degradation occurs by the action of photcatalyst
Following schedule of observation is follow in all
experimental process.
In first experiment we observe bio degradability of
dyes (without catalyst). -For 3 days - no change found
in. In second experiment we carried out in dark for
test action of catalyst in dark. - No any change
observed in concentration.In third experiment we use
TiO2 Catalyst in sunlight and we observe that
polluted and highly colored water transform in to
transparent water like mineral water in 5 hour. We
use this catalyst many times we found that thire is no
effect on efficiency of catalyst.
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3. Result and discussion
3.1 Probable Chemical Reaction of This Degradation:
When light radiation is irradiated on catalyst surface electronic transition occurs from balance (VB) to
conduction band (CB) and through (ISC) electron
reach in to triplet state. After it intermolecular
electronic transition start between catalyst, water and
organic pollutants molecules resultant through chain
process, holes, hydroxyl radicals and Supra oxide
ions (o-) are produced - these are highly oxidizing in
nature, by the action of holes, hydroxyl radicals and
Supra oxide ions (o-) on Water soluble organic
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SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – volume 3 Issue 5 – May 2016
pollutants are transformed into simple organic
compounds like CO2, H2O, SO2, N2, etc. The main
factors influencing the photo catalytic degradation of
Azo-dyes are catalyst loading, concentration of dye,
pH of the solution, light intensity, dissolve oxygen.
3.2 Effect of amount of TiO2.
Effect of pH
100
80
We found that as concentration of catalyst increases
rate of degradation also increases. Effect catalyst
loading on rate of degradation graphically shows in
figure. II
60
% of Non-degraded
Pollutants After
Treatment
40
20
Transparency %
After Treatment
0
100%
Initial Initial Initial
pH
pH pH 9Rang Rang 10
3-4 5-8
% Transparancy
80%
60%
Transpar
ancy %
Fig. III. Effect of Variation in pH on rate of degradation of water
After 3
soluble organic pollutants (Amount of catalyst 20g/10 liter,
Solution volume: 10 Liter, Sun Light {Summer Afternoon}. Time
Hour
3 Hour)
40%
20%
45
3.4 Effect of light intensity
0%
Amount of Catalyst 5,10,15,20 20 g/20 liter
͢
→→
Fig. II. Effect of Variation in amount of the catalyst on the rate of
degradation of Organic Pollutants (Solution volume: 10 Liter, Sun
Light {Summer Afternoon}. Time 3 Hour)
3.3 Effect of variation in pH.
We found that as light intensity increases the rate of
degradation of water soluble organic pollutants also
increases up some extant. Graphical representation of
light intensity variation is shown in figure IV.
100
The rate of degradation is very low in acidic pH range
- lower then pH 4.0 as pH increases rate of
degradation also increases when pH reaches to basic
range the rate of degradation increases fast, we found
very high rate of degradation in pH range 7.5 to 11.
Effect pH on rate of degradation graphically shows in
figure. III.
90
80
70
60
Transparency %
50
40
30
20
10
0
December
October
June
Fig. IV. Effect of variation of light intensity on the rate of
degradation (Solution volume: 10 liter, Amount of Catalyst 20 g
3.5 Effect of dissolved oxygen on rate of degradation
We observed that as dissolved oxygen increase in
solution rate of degradation also increase up to some
extent.
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SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE) – volume 3 Issue 5 – May 2016
4. Conclusion
We found that this photo catalyst (TiO2) has very
good potential of degradation/conversion of water
soluble organic pollutants into simplest and mostly
non harmful molecular form such as CO2 H2O,N2
etc.
12.
We observe the effect of different parameters given in
order: - we observed that as we increases amount of
catalyst, light intensity, amount of dissolve oxygen
the rate of degradation also increases. Between pH
7.00 to 11 the rate of degradation is observed good
14.
13.
15.
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to the DST-SERB, New
Delhi for financial assistance and Principal of the
College, SES- JNU New Delhi for providing
necessary facilities.
16.
17.
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