South Carolina Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops - 2016
PEANUTDISEASEMANAGEMENT
DanAnco,PeanutSpecialist
JayW.Chapin,ExtensionPeanutSpecialistEmeritus
SeedlingDiseases:
Allpeanutseedshouldbetreatedwithafungicide(VitavaxPC,DynastyPD,orTrilex)toreducetheincidenceofseed‐
transmittedandsoilborneseedlingdiseasessuchasCylindrocladium,Aspergilluscrownrot,Pythium,andRhizoctonia.
VitavaxPC(Captan+PCNB+Carboxin),DynastyPD(mefenoxam+fludioxonil+azoxystrobin),TrilexStar(Captan+
trifloxystrobin + metalaxyl + thiophanate‐methyl), and Trilex Optimum (Captan + trifloxystrobin + metalaxyl) seed
treatmentsarealleffectiveinreducingseedlingdiseaseandprotectingstandcounts.Adequatestandcountsreducethe
riskoftomatospotwiltvirus.
Tomatospottedwiltvirus(TSWV):
Thisvirusistransmittedtopeanutsbythrips,primarilytobaccothrips.TSWVstuntsplants,reducesyieldandcauses
shriveled,misshapenpods.AllpeanutfieldsinS.C.arevulnerabletoyieldlossfromTSWVregardlessofwhetherthe
farmhasanyhistoryofpeanutproduction.
A5‐stepprogramisrecommendedtoreduceTomatoSpottedWilt:
UsingmoreofthesetogetherwillimprovethechancesofminimizingTSWVyieldloss.
1. VarietalResistance–VarietieswithpartialresistancetoTSWVarelistedinthevarietycharacteristicchart
ofthepeanutproductionguide.Novarietyisimmune.
2. PlantingDateWindow–Earlyplanting(LateApril–10May)hasgreaterriskofvirusinfection,butwith
largeacreage,wemuststartplantingthefirstweekofMay.Lateplanting(1June)mayalsoincreasevirusrisk.
3. PlantPopulation/SeedingRate–Thegoalisauniformlyemergedstandof4plants
perrowft.Plant6seeds/rowft(oratleast5/rowftforlargeseededVirginiatypes)intogoodsoilmoisture.
Uniformemergenceandvigorousearlygrowthreducevirusrisk.
4. InsecticideTreatment–Applyin‐furrowtreatmentsofThimet20G(4.7lb/Aon38”rowstoallfields.See
insecticidetableforphorateratesbyrowspacing.AdmirePro(10flozin‐furrow)orVelumTotal(18floz/A)
tankmixedwithinoculantisanalternativeforpreventingthripsstuntingunderlowvirusrisk(e.g.,Bailey,
Sugg).However,imidacloprid(AdmireProorVelumTotal)usuallyincreasesseverityofvirusinfections.
Ifthripsarestuntingpeanutseedlings,treatimmediatelywithacephate:Orthene75S(0.5‐1.0lb/A)
orOrthene97SP(6‐12oz/A).
5. Strip‐tillage–Surfacecropresiduereducesthenumberofthripslandinginpeanutfields,inturnreducing
virusinfection.
TomatoSpottedWiltControl:“It’smostlyoverwhentheplanterleavesthefield”
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LeafSpotsandOtherFoliarDiseases:
FoliardiseasecontrolprogramsforS.C.aretargetedprimarilyatlateleafspot(Cercosporidiumpersonatum)because
thisdiseasemostconsistentlycauseseconomicloss.Lateleafspotsporesarecarriedformanymilesinthewindand
thereforeanyfieldisatsomeriskregardlessofpeanuthistory.However,fieldhistorygreatlyaffectslateleafspotrisk
becauseleafspotsporespersistonpeanutresidueinthesoil.Allfieldsshouldberotatedoutofpeanutforaminimumof
twoyearstoreducelateleafspotpressure.Adjacentfieldswhichhadpoorlateleafspotcontrolattheendoftheprevious
seasoncanalsobeasourceofsignificantinfection,especiallyifupwind.Fortunately,otherrowcropsandweedsarenot
significanthostsforlateleafspot.Lateleafspotisdiagnosedbytheblacksporesontheundersideofdarkbrowntoblack
lesionsonleaves.Yellowhalosmayormaynotbepresentsurroundinglateleafspotlesions.
Other foliar fungal diseases include early leaf spot, pepper spot, web blotch and rust. There are also several
physiological leaf spot symptoms which commonly occur, often in response to stress, such as “irregular leaf spot”.
Physiologicalleafspotsdonotrespondtofungicidetreatmentandaredifficulttodistinguishfromfungaldiseasesinthe
field.Thebestandsimplestmanagementapproachisthatifourfungicideprogramisgoodenoughtopreventthemost
commonandaggressivedisease(lateleafspot),thenwewillusuallybeOKontheotherfoliardiseases.
Riskfactorsforlateleafspot:
 Shortrotations(<2yearsoutofpeanuts)
 Poorcontrolofvolunteerpeanutsinrotationalcrops
 Poorendofseasoncontroloflateleafspotinanadjacentupwindfieldthepreviousyear
 Highlysusceptiblevariety(e.g.,Champs,Phillips,Spain,Gregory,Perry)
 Startingfungicideprogramsanylaterthan45DAP;betteralittleearlythanlate
 Extendingsprayintervalsbeyond15days
 Repeated,frequentperiodsofleafwetness:excessiverain,frequentirrigation
 Rainoffimmediatelyafterapplication–wait24htoirrigate
 Consecutiveuseoffungicideswiththesamemodeofaction(excepttreatmentscontainingchlorothalonil)
ImportanceofChlorothalonil(Bravoandgenerics):Chlorothalonilisthefoundationofpeanutleafspotcontrol
programsbecauseitistheonlyproductproventohavemultiplemodesofactiontoreducetheriskofdevelopingleaf
spotresistance.Multiplesequentialchlorothalonilapplicationshavebeenusedforover40yearswithoutresistance
development.Alternatingortankmixingchlorothalonilwithotherproductscandelaydevelopmentofresistance
towardsthosealternativecompounds.
Alternativeto“Calendar”SprayPrograms:Analternativetocalendar‐scheduledleafspotspraysistospraybased
ontheweather.Generalrulesforweather‐basedleafspotapplicationare:Firstspray:treatwhen5dailyrainevents(>
0.1”)haveoccurredsincegroundcracking.Eachsubsequentspray:wait10dayssincethelastapplication,thentreat
whenever 2 rains occur after the 10 day interval. However, under S. C. conditions, given the importance of getting
preventativesoildiseasetreatmentsregularlyappliedpriortorainevents,acalendartreatmentapproachhasbeen
moreeffectiveformostgrowers.
ArrestingaLeafSpotEpidemic:Effectivefungicideprogramsaredesignedtopreventdisease,not“cure”itafterthe
fact.Ifsomethinggoeswrongandyoufindlateleafspotlesionsinthebottomofthecanopy(particularlywith>30days
untilharvest)treatimmediatelywithTopsin4.5FL10floz+1.5ptBravo,orProvost10.7oz+Bravo1.5pt.Retreatin
10days.
WhiteMold:
Whitemold(Sclerotiumrolfsii)isthemostconsistentlydamagingsoildiseaseunderS.C.conditions.Thisfungusinvades
peanutlateralbranchesincontactwiththesoil,aswellaspodsandpegs.Whitemoldinfectionsaredrivenprimarilyby
highsoiltemperaturesandhumidity.Dryweatheroffersnoprotectionfromwhitemold.Droughtcanpreventinfection
frombeingnoticedaboveground,butinfectionundergroundonpegsandpodscancontinuewhereitmaynotbenoticed
untilharvest.Ourmostseverewhitemoldoutbreaksoftenoccurunderdroughtwithexcessivecanopytemperatures.
Symptomsincludedarkbrownlesionsonstemsandpods,rottedpodsandpegs,wiltingofindividualormultiplestems
andplantdeath.Unlessseverelyinfected,taprootsgenerallyremainintactandflexiblewithwhitemold,whereasCBR
infectiondecaystaprootsmuchquicker.
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Signs: Mycelium of S. rolfsii is white and produces a fan‐like growth as it spreads. The resting stage of white mold
(sclerotia)persistsinthesoilfromyeartoyearmakingrotationoutofhostcrops(peanut,soybeanandotherlegumes
includingmanyweeds)highlyimportant.Thesesclerotiacanbeseenassmall(<5/64”=2mm),roundstructuresthat
areinitiallywhiteandlaterbecometantodarkbrown.Withamplemoisture,sclerotiacanbefoundoninfectedpeanut
tissuesorleaflitter.Note:Asimilarlookingfungus,falsewhitemold(Phanerochaete),alsoproduceswhitemycelium
andcanbefoundinpeanutfields.Falsewhitemolddoesnotproducesclerotiaanddoesnotdamagepeanuts;ifitisfound
onpeanutsandisscrapedaway,tissuebeneathitwilllookhealthy.
Riskfactorsforwhitemold:
 Peanutorsoybeanhistory
 <2yrsrotatedoutofpeanut,soybeanorotherlegume(whitemoldcanstilloccuratsomelevelinanyfield
regardlessofrotation)
 AnyvarietyotherthanBailey,Sullivan,Sugg,WynneorGeorgia12Yshouldbeconsideredhighlysusceptible.
Georgia07WandTUFRunner511alsoshowsometolerancethoughnotasgoodasthepreviousgroup.
 Earlyplanting(firstweekofMayorearlier)
 Lackofrainpreventingfungicidefrombeingwashedintothesoil
 Extended,unusuallyhottemperaturesinJulyandAugust
WhiteMoldControl:
Seethefollowingtablesforwhitemoldprogramsinstandardandhighrisksituations.
Variety resistance (particularly Bailey and Georgia 12Y) is far more effective than any chemical treatment in
suppressingwhitemold.
EarlySeasonBandedSprays:BandedapplicationofProline(5.7floz/Ain20gal/Aon12”band)ORElatus(maximum
9.5 oz/A in > 10 gal/A) to peanut seedlings at 21 – 35 DAP can improve white mold control under extreme disease
pressure.Seethefollowingsectiononhighriskwhitemoldsituations.Note:In‐furrowfungicidetreatmentshavenot
beeneffectiveinsuppressingwhitemold.SeeCBRcontrolbelowregardingin‐furrowfungicides.
NightSpraying:Peanutplantsfoldtheirleavesatnightmakingiteasierforsoilfungicidetreatmentstoreachthebase
oftheplantandsoilsurface.Applyingwhitemoldtreatmentsatnighthasbeenshowntoincreasecontroleffectiveness,
atleastunderseverewhitemoldpressure.IfBravo(anon‐systemic)isbeingreliedonforleafspotcontrol,controlof
thisfoliardiseasemaybereducedwithnightsprayingbecauseofreducedleafcoverage.Forgrowersinterestedintrying
nightapplications,werecommendthe60,or60and75DAPtreatmentsaspriorities.
CylindrocladiumBlackRot(CBR):
CBRiscausedbyasoilfungus(Cylindrocladiumparasiticum)thatoccursinthesamefieldareasfromyeartoyear,often
inlowspots.CBRistransmittedfromfieldtofieldbycontaminatedseedandequipment.Rotation(>2yearsoutof
peanutsandeliminationofsoybeanfromtherotation)andresistancearethebestdefensesagainstsevereCBR.Rotation
alonewillnoteliminatesignificantinjury.
Symptomsandsigns:Whenfirstinfected,peanutplantscanturnlightgreenoryellow.AsCBRinfectionsprogress,
peanutstemsorentireplantswiltandeventuallydie.CBRrotsroots,includingthetaproot,causingthemtoturnblack
and fall apart (tap roots infected by white mold remain intact and flexible much longer). Under drier conditions,
symptomsofCBRinfectionmaybelimitedtochloroticyellowingandplantstunting.Whenconditionshavebeenmoist,
brick‐redreproductivestructures(perithecia)cansometimesbeseenoncrowns,lowerstems,pegsandpods.
RiskfactorsforCBR:
 ConfirmedhistoryofeconomicCBRlossinthefield
 Soybeanorpeanuthistory
 Shortrotationsoutofpeanut,soybeanorotherlegumes
 Poorlydrained,moreorganicsoilssuchasfoundinlowareasofafield
 AnyvarietyotherthanBailey,PerryorSugg(ChampsisparticularlysusceptibletoCBR)
 Lackofcontroloverseedsource(seedtransmission)
 Earlyplanting(April):lowersoiltemperaturesslowrootgrowth
CBRControl:
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Varietyresistance(Bailey)isfarmoreeffectivethananychemicaltreatmentinsuppressingCBR.Baileyoften
givesadequatesuppressionofCBRwithoutresortingtofumigationorin‐furrowfungicidetreatment.
OnsusceptiblevarietiesinfieldswithaprovenhistoryofCBRloss,usePropulse(13.6floz/A)ORProline(5.7floz/A)
in‐furrow,ORfumigatewithVapam(10gal/A).Vapammustbeshankedintoabedatan8”depth2weekspriorto
planting.Soiltemperatureat4”depthshouldbeatleast60ºF.Avoidfumigatingwhenthereisahighriskofheavyrain
(>1.0”)within2days.SeethefollowingtableonCBRcontrol.
RhizoctoniaLimbRot:
RhizoctoniaLimbRotiscausedbynaturally‐occurringsoilfungi,Rhizoctoniaspp.(e.g.,R.solani),thatcancauselesions
androtonlimbs/stems,leaves,pegs,andpods.Lesionsonstemsarelighttodarkbrownandoftenhaveatargetpattern.
Densecanopiesandprolongedmoisture(e.g.,irrigation)encouragesdiseasedevelopment.Damagecausedbytractor
traffic increases occurrence of limb rot. Management recommendations are similar as for white mold (see Disease
ResponseChartforfungicideactivity).
WebBlotch:
Webblotch,causedbyPhomaarachadichola,produceslesionsonupperleafsurfaces.Symptomsstartassmall,tanto
darkbrownblotcheswithirregularedgesornetlikegray‐brownlesionsthatcanbecomelarge(0.5”)andcoverentire
leaves.Olderlesionsdarkenandhaverough,dullsurfaces.Severeinfectionscauseleavestobecomebrittle,whichcan
lead to substantial defoliation. Web blotch development favors cool, moist conditions and is more common under
irrigation.Manyofthefungicideseffectiveagainstlateleafspotshareactivitytowardswebblotch(seeDiseaseResponse
Chartforfungicideactivity).
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GeneralGuidelinesforFungicidePrograms:



Ifpremiumfungicides(e.g.,Provost)aresubstitutedforbasictebuconazole+chlorothaloniltreatment,prioritize
theirusestartingat60DAPratherthanlatertogetthemostpotentialforimprovedwhitemoldand/orleafspot
control.

Soil fungicides must be washed into the soil to be effective against white mold, but wait 24 – 48 h before
irrigatingtoalsohelpcontrolleafspot.




Beginleafspotcontrolabsolutelynolaterthan45DAP.Forhighrisksituationssuchashighlysusceptible
varieties(e.g.,Gregory,Perry,Champs),orshortrotations,particularlyunderirrigation,increaselateleafspot
protectionusingoneoftheoptionslistedinfootnotesofthefollowingtables.
Apply a soil fungicide (see following disease control table) starting absolutely no later than 60 DAP.
Whitemoldmustbeprevented,andhotweatheraccelerateswhitemoldgrowth.
Exceptfortreatmentscontainingchlorothalonil(Bravo),donotmakeconsecutiveapplicationsofthe
samemodeofaction(MOA).Bravohasmultiplemodesofactionwhichhasallowedformanyyearsofuse
without leaf spot resistance. Do not apply more than a combined total of 2 strobilurin‐containing products
(Abound,Elatus,Evito,Headline,PriaxororStratego)inanygrowingseasontoreduceriskofresistance.
NeverapplyTopsinortebuconazolealone,anddonotmakemorethan2tank‐mixedTopsinapplications
per season. Topsin is very susceptible to development of resistance. Late leaf spot is already resistant to
tebuconazole.
Nofungicideprogramisfool‐proof.Spotcheckfieldsforleafspotandwhitemold,particularlyfrom60DAP
totwoweeksbeforeanticipateddiggingdate.
Afinalleafspotapplicationat105DAPisusuallyadequatetoprovidecontrolthroughatleasta135DAP
harvestdate.Checkfieldsat120DAP.Ifleafspotispresenton5%oflowerleavesandharvestwillbedelayed>
135DAP,applyanadditionalchlorothaloniltreatment.Ifnoleafspotispresentandharvestwillbedelayed>
145DAP,applyaninsurancetreatment.
PreventativeCalendarSprayPrograms:
Thekeytopeanutdiseasecontrolispreventingdiseasesfromgettingstarted.Thisistrueforbothsoilandfoliar
diseases. Alternating or tank mixing different fungicide chemistries reduces the potential for developing resistant
strainsofleafspotdiseases.Alternatingortankmixingfungicidesalsoprovidessomeinsuranceagainstthefailureof
oneproductalone.
Note:Thediseasecontrolprogramsonthefollowingpagesareguidelines.Timing(DAP=daysafterplanting)should
bemodifiedtoaccountforopportunitiestowashsoilfungicidesintothepeggingzoneifnoirrigationisavailable.Under
droughtconditions,growershavetorelyonjudgmentofthe5‐dayweatherforecasttodecidewhentoapplyasoil
fungicidebeforearain.
Ideally,fungicidetreatmentswouldbewashedintothesoilafter1–2daystogetbothmaximumfoliarandsoildisease
suppression.
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DISEASECONTROLPROGRAMOPTIONS
Bravoforlatematuringpeanuts**
OptionalBravo(1‐1.5pt)(+Cadre)
forhighleafspotrisk
Ifpremiumfungicidesaresubstitutedforbasictebuconazole+chlorothalonil(genericFolicur+Bravo),prioritize
theirusestarting60DAPratherthanlatertomaximizepotentialbenefits.
Treatmentoptionsandtiming(daysafterplanting)
30
45*
60*
75
90
105
120
Bravo1.5pt
tebuconazole7.2 tebuconazole7.2 tebuconazole7.2 tebuconazole7.2
+Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
tebuconazole7.2 tebuconazole7.2 tebuconazole7.2 Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
tebuconazole7.2
Substitute,
tebuconazole
seebelow
+Bravo1.5pt
7.2oz
Substitute,
Substitute,
tebuconazole
+Bravo1.5pt
tebuconazole
seebelow
seebelow
7.2oz
7.2oz
Substitute,
tebuconazole7.2 Substitute,
+Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
seebelow
+Bravo1.5pt
seebelow
Substitute,
Substitute,
Substitute,
seebelow
seebelow
seebelow
Substitute,
Substitute,
Substitute,
Substitute,
seebelow
seebelow
seebelow
seebelow
*Underhighleafspotrisk(e.g.,verysusceptiblevariety,irrigatedorwithfrequentrain‐offandleafwetting)use
Provost10.7ozat60DAP.Topsin(5‐10floz)canalsobeaddedtoBravoforincreasedleafspotprotection.Neverrely
onTopsinaloneanddonotexceed2appl.peryear.Sprayintervalscanbereducedto10daysforimprovedleafspot
controlunderfrequentrain‐offconditions.
**AnextralateseasonBravoapplicationmaybeneededforlatematuringpeanuts.Ifithasbeen15dayssincethelast
applicationandpeanutswillbedugwithinthenext25days,donottreatunless>5%ofleafletsinthebottomofthe
canopyhavelateleafspotlesions.Neversprayfungicidewithin2weeksofharvest–itisoff‐labelandistoolateto
affectdefoliation.
Note:Useofchlorothalonilinthelastspray(105or120DAP)canhelppreventresistantleafspotstrainsthatmay
havedevelopedfromoverwinteringandcausinginfectioninthefollowingyear.
Thefollowingtreatmentscanbesubstitutedfortebuconazole+Bravofrom60DAPto105DAP.Exceptfor
treatmentscontainingBravo,consecutiveuseofthesamemodeofaction(MOA)groupisnotrecommendedin
ordertodelayleafspotresistance.Bravohasmultiplemodesofactionandtherehasbeennoevidenceof
resistancein40+yearsofuse.
SoilandFoliarDiseaseTreatmentAlternativestoTebuconazole+Bravo
MOA
Treatment
Comment
7+M5
Convoy13–16oz+Bravo1.5pt
MOA=FungicideResistanceActionCommittee
(FRAC)ModeofActionGroup.Treatmentsnot
7+M5
Artisan16–20oz+Bravo1pt
containingBravo(chlorothalonil)thatsharethe
3+M5
Quash4oz+Bravo1pt
sameMOAgroupshouldnotbeused
3
Provost10.7oz
consecutivelytodelayleafspotresistance.
7
Fontelis16oz
7+11
Elatus7.3–9.5oz
Note:Havingthesamemode(s)ofactiondoes
7+11
Priaxor8oz
notmeantreatmentsareequallyeffective.
11
Abound18oz
11
Evito5.7oz
Genericchlorothalonil,Tilt+Bravo,Topsin+Bravo,orotheralternatives(seeDiseaseControltable)canbe
substitutedforBravo.AvoidconsecutiveuseofthesameMOAifBravoisnottankmixed.
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WHITEMOLDHIGHRISKDISEASECONTROL
Optionsforfieldswithaprovenhistoryofseverewhitemoldinstandardfungicideprograms
Awhitemoldresistantvariety(Bailey,SuggorGeorgia12Y)ismuchmoreeffectiveinreducingwhitemold
thananychemicalcontrol.Thesevarietiestypicallycontrolwhitemoldevenwithstandardfungicideprograms.
Earlyseasonsurfacebandoption:Earlybandedapplication(21–35DAP)ofProline(for38”rows,5.5flozin12”
band,20gal/A)ORElatus(maximum8.9oz/Ain10gal/Afor38”rows)canimprovewhitemoldcontrolundersevere
diseasepressure.SeeEarlySeasonBandTreatmentOptionstableforrow‐spacingbandedrates.In‐furrowfungicide
treatmentshavenotbeeneffectiveagainstwhitemold(seeCBRcontrolbelow).
Pre‐dawnsprayingoption:Underseverepressure,whitemoldcontrolcanbeimprovedbysprayingbeforedaylight
(at60orboth60and75DAP)whilepeanutleavesarestillfoldedanddewispresent.
Highriskwhitemoldtreatmentoptionsandtiming(daysafterplanting)
45
60
75
90
105
120
tebuconazole
Convoy16oz
Convoy16oz
Convoy16oz
7.2oz
+Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
OR
OR
OR
Artisan20oz
Artisan20oz
Artisan20oz
+Bravo1pt
+Bravo1pt
+Bravo1pt
OR
OR
Elatus9.5oz
Elatus9.5oz
OR
OR
tebuconazole
Provost10.7oz
Provost10.7oz
7.2oz
Banded:
tebuconazole
Convoy16oz
Convoy16oz
Convoy16oz
+Bravo1.5pt
Proline5.5oz 7.2oz
+Bravo1.5
+Bravo1.5pt
+Bravo1.5pt
OR
+Bravo1.5pt
OR
OR
OR
Elatus8.9oz
Artisan20oz
Artisan20oz
Artisan20oz
(38”rows)
+Bravo1pt
+Bravo1pt
+Bravo1pt
OR
Elatus9.5oz
OR
Provost10.7oz
LabeledArtisanandConvoyratesgoupto26and21oz/Arespectivelyfor3‐sprayprograms(60,75and90
DAP)underseverewhitemoldconditions.
*AnextralateseasonBravoapplicationmaybeneededforlatematuringpeanuts.Ifithasbeen15dayssincethe
lastapplicationandthepeanutswillbedugwithinthenext25days,donottreatunless>5%ofleafletsinthe
bottomofthecanopyhavelateleafspotlesions.Neversprayfungicidewithin2weeksofharvest–itisoff‐label
andistoolatetoaffectdefoliation.
Genericchlorothalonil,Tilt+Bravo,Topsin+Bravo,orotheralternatives(seeDiseaseControltable)canbe
substitutedforBravo.AvoidconsecutiveuseofthesameMOAifBravoisnottankmixed.
Bravoforlatematuringpeanuts*
21‐35
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South Carolina Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops - 2016
CBRHIGHRISKDISEASECONTROL
OptionsforfieldswithaprovenhistoryofCBR(CylindrocladiumBlackRot)lossinstandardfungicideprograms
ACBRresistantvariety(Bailey)ismuchmoreeffectiveinreducingCBRthananychemicalcontrol.Bailey
oftencontrolsCBRwithoutin‐furroworfumigationtreatment.
In‐furrowtreatment:Propulseat13.6floz/AORProlineat5.7floz/Aappliedin‐furrowwithinoculantcan
suppressCBR.Usein‐furrowtreatmentonlyinfieldswithdocumentedhistoryofsignificantCBRloss;in‐furrow
treatmenthasnotcontrolledwhitemold.
Fumigation:Vapamat10gal/Amustbeshankedintoabedatan8”depth2weekspriortoplanting.Soiltemperature
at4”depthshouldbeatleast60ºF.Avoidfumigatingwhenthereisahighriskofheavyrain(>1.0”)within2days.
Delayingplantinguntilmid‐MaymayhelpsuppressCBRduetohigherseedlingsoiltemperaturesandfasterearly
rootgrowth.
Rotation:Aminimumoftwoyearsbetweenpeanutcropsandavoidingsoybeananywhereinrotationhelpssuppress
theeconomicimpactofCBR.
HighriskCBRtreatmentoptionsandtiming(daysafterplanting)
45
60
75
90
tebuconazole
7.2oz
+Bravo1.5pt
Provost10.7oz
OR
tebuconazole
7.2oz
+Bravo1.5pt
tebuconazole
7.2oz
+Bravo1.5pt
tebuconazole
7.2oz
+Bravo1.5pt
105
tebuconazole
7.2oz
+Bravo1.5pt
120
Bravoforlatematuringpeanuts*
Vapam10gal/A14dayspre‐plant
OR
Propulse13.6oz/Ain‐furrowat‐
plantOR
Proline5.7oz/Ain‐furrowat‐plant
Earlyseason
*AnextralateseasonBravoapplicationmaybeneededforlatematuringpeanuts.Ifithasbeen15dayssincethe
lastapplicationandthepeanutswillbedugwithinthenext25days,donottreatunless>5%ofleafletsinthe
bottomofthecanopyhavelateleafspotlesions.Neversprayfungicidewithin2weeksofharvest–itisoff‐label
andistoolatetoaffectdefoliation.
Genericchlorothalonil,Tilt+Bravo,Topsin+Bravo,orotheralternatives(seeDiseaseControltable)canbe
substitutedforBravo.AvoidconsecutiveuseofthesameMOAifBravoisnottankmixed.
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PEANUTDISEASECONTROL
Product
BravoWeatherStik
6SC(andmany
chlorothalonil
generics)
TiltBravoSE4.3
(jugmix)
TiltorPropimax+
Bravo(tankmix)
Bravo+
Topsin4.5FLor
TopsinM70W
Alto100SL
Elast400F
Stratego
Elatus0.45WG
Headline2.08
Priaxor
FOLIARDISEASECONTROLONLY
(Earlyandlateleafspot,pepperspot,webblotch,rust)
Rate/A
MOA*
Comments
1.5pt
M5
Chlorothalonilproductsarepreventativeonlyagainst
leafspotandrequireexcellentcoverage.Rustinfectionis
ratherrareinSCpeanutproduction,butifrustisdetected
withmorethan3weekstoharvest,includechlorothalonil
every10daysuntil2weeksbeforeharvest.
1.5pt
3+M5 TiltaddssomesystemicleafspotcontroltoBravo.Tiltmixes
notrecommendedforrust.
2floz+
3+M5 TiltorPropimaxaddssomesystemicleafspotcontrolto
1pt
Bravo.Notrecommendedforrust.
1pt+
M5+1 TopsinshouldonlybeusedinBravotankmixes.Maximum2
8‐10floz
appl.perseason.
0.33‐0.5lb
5.5floz
3
Systemictriazoleactivity.
15floz
U12
Elastnotrecommendedonvarietieshighlysusceptibleto
leafspot.
10‐14floz
3+11 Systemictriazoleandstrobilurinactivity.
7.3‐9.5floz
7+11 Excellentleafspotactivity.Systemic.
6‐9floz
11
Highlysystemicandrain‐fast.Wemaybeseeingthefirst
signsofreducedHeadlineeffectivenessagainstleafspotdue
tostrobilurinusepatterns.
4‐6floz
7+11 Systemicactivityagainstleafspot.
FOLIARANDSOILDISEASECONTROL
(OtherthanCBR)
Rate/A
MOA*
Comments
7.2floz+
3+M5 Tebuconazolealonenolongercontrolsleafspotorweb
1.5pt
blotch.MustbetankmixedwithBravo.
Product
Tebuconazole3.6
(generic Folicur) +
Bravo
Convoy 40SC + 13‐16floz
Bravo
+1.5pt
Artisan+Bravo
16‐20floz+
1.5pt
Quash 50 WDG + 4oz+1pt
Bravo
Provost433SC
10.7floz
Fontelis1.67
16floz
Elatus0.45WG
7.3‐9.5floz
Priaxor
8floz
Abound2.08F
18floz
Evito480SC
5.7floz
Headline2.08
12‐15floz
7+M5
MustbetankmixedwithBravoforadequateleafspot
control.Excellentwhitemoldsuppression.
7+M5 MustbetankmixedwithBravoforadequateleafspot
control.Excellentwhitemoldsuppression.
3+M5 MustbetankmixedwithBravoforadequateleafspot
control.
3
Highlyeffectiveagainstsoilandfoliardiseases.
7
Systemicactivityagainstwhitemoldandleafspot.
7+11 Excellentwhitemoldandleafspotactivity.
7+11 Systemicactivityagainstwhitemoldandleafspot.
11
Strobilurinsaremoreerraticagainstwhitemold.
11
Strobilurinsaremoreerraticagainstwhitemold
11
Highlysystemicandrain‐fast.Wemaybeseeingfirstsignsof
reducedHeadlineeffectivenessagainstleafspotduetouse
patternsofstrobilurins.Headlineerraticonwhitemolddue
torapiduptakeonleaves.
*MOA=Modeofactiongroup.TreatmentswithoutBravo(chlorothalonil)thatsharethesameMOA
groupshouldnotbeusedconsecutivelytodelayleafspotresistance.Makesureleafspotprevention
beginsnolaterthan45DAPandsoilfungicideisappliednolaterthan60DAP.Whitemoldmustbe
prevented;hotweatherandaclosedcanopyinJul–Augaccelerateswhitemoldgrowth.Donotusesurfactants
orcropoilwithfungicidesunlessnecessaryforherbicideperformanceintankmixes.Thegoalistowashwhite
moldfungicidesintothesoil.Spraybeforeirrigationorrainwhenpossible.
192
South Carolina Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops - 2016
PEANUTDISEASECONTROL(cont.)
FOLIARANDSOILDISEASECONTROL
EarlySeasonBandTreatmentOptionsforImprovedControlofWhiteMoldandLeafSpot
Product
Rate/A
MOA
Comments
Elatus0.45WG
8.9oz
7+11 Recommendedasearlyseason(approximately21DAP)banded
(38”rows)
applicationforhighriskwhitemoldfields.Alsoprovidesearly
seasonleafspotcontrol.Applyinaminimumof10gal/A.Setband
widthat7–10”forsinglerows(twin‐rows:widenbandtocover
bothrows).
Bandedratesare0.5–0.65oz/1,000rowft,whichisequivalent
to8.7–9.5oz/Aon30”rows,7.3–9.4oz/Aon36”rows,and6.9–
8.9oz/Aon38”rows.Donotexceed9.5oz/A.
Proline480SC
5.5floz
3
Recommendedasearlyseason(21‐35DAP),highvolume(20
(38”rows)
gal/A)bandedapplication(upto12”band)forhighriskwhite
moldfields.Alsoprovidesextended(21day)earlyseasonleafspot
5.7floz
control.
(30”,36”
rows)
Bandedrateis0.4floz/1,000rowft(maximum5.7floz/A),which
isequivalentto5.7floz/Aon30”or36”rowsand5.5floz/Aon
38”rows.
Prolinemustbeusedin‐furrowforCBRsuppression(see
below)andoverthetopforwhitemoldcontrol.
CBRCONTROL
Product
Proline480SC
(in‐furrow,
suppression)
Rate/A
5.5floz
(38”rows)
5.7floz
(30”,36”
rows)
MOA
3
Propulse3.34
(in‐furrow,
suppression)
13.6floz
3+7
10gal
NC
VapamHL
(metamsodium
42%)
Comments
Resistance:Baileyvarietyismoreeffectivethananychemical
treatmentinreducingCBRlossandoftenprovidesadequate
controlwithoutfumigationorin‐furrowfungicidetreatment.
Prolineisappliedin‐furrowwithinoculant.Croprotationis
extremelyimportantinreducingCBRrisk.Delayingplantinguntil
mid‐MaycansuppressCBRbyincreasingsoiltemp.
In‐furrowrateis0.4floz/1,000rowft(maximum5.7floz/A),
equivalentto5.7floz/Aon30”or36”rowsand5.5floz/Aon38”
rows.
Resistance:Baileyvarietyismoreeffectivethananychemical
treatmentinreducingCBRlossandoftenprovidesadequate
controlwithoutfumigationorin‐furrowfungicidetreatment.
Propulseisappliedin‐furrowwithinoculant.Croprotationis
extremelyimportantinreducingCBRrisk.Delayingplantinguntil
mid‐MaycansuppressCBRbyincreasingsoiltemp.
Resistance:Baileyvarietyismoreeffectivethananychemical
treatmentinreducingCBRlossandoftenprovidesadequate
controlwithoutfumigationorin‐furrowfungicidetreatment.
Vapammustbeshankedintothesoil(8”depth)andbeddedat
least14dayspriortoplanting.Soiltemperatureat4”depthshould
be60°F.Donotfumigatewhenrain(1.0”ormore)isexpected
within48hrs.
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South Carolina Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops - 2016
MOA*
Riskof
leafspot
resistance
Feedhay
PHI(days)
GUIDETOPEANUTFUNGICIDES
11
High
Y
14
3
High
Y
30
7+3
High
N
40
Excellentagainstwhitemold
andlimbrot,hasactivity
againstearlyleafspot.
M5
Low
N
14
Lowcost,reliableleafspot
control.Multiplemodesof
actionreduceresistanceriskin
leafspottreatments.Canmake
multipleconsecutiveappl.
Benzamide
(flutolanil)
7
Low
N
40
Excellentwhitemoldand
Rhizoctoniaactivity.
Elast
Guanidine
(dodine)
U12
Y
14
LeafspotalternativetoBravo.
Elatus
Carboxamide
(benzovindiflupyr)
+Strobilurin
(azoxystrobin)
Carboxamide
(boscalid)
Strobilurin
(fluoxastrobin)
Triazole
(tebuconazole)
7+
11
Lowto
mediu
m
Mediu
mto
high
Y
30
Excellentlateleafspotactivity.
Alternativechemistryforboth
leafspotandsoildisease.
Mediu
mto
high
High
N
14
Y
14
ActivityagainstSclerotinia
blight(notcommoninSC).
Goodleafspotactivity.
Performanceof5.7ozsimilarto
18ozAbound.
Verycost‐effectivecontrolof
whitemoldandlimbrot.
Product
Abound
Chemistry
Strobilurin
(azoxystrobin)
Alto
Bravo/
generics
Triazole
(cyproconazole)
Benzamide
(flutolanil)+
Triazole
(propiconazole)
Chloronitrile
(chlorothalonil)
Convoy
(orMoncut)
Artisan
Endura
Evito
7
Limitations
Erraticagainstestablishedwhite
moldinfections75–90DAP.
Minimalifanysoildisease
control.
Willnotcontrollateleafspot,
musttank‐mixwith
chlorothalonil.NoCBR
suppression.
Noactivityagainstsoildisease.
Preventative,non‐systemic
activityonlyagainstleafspot.
Notcurative.Lesseffectivethan
manysystemicsagainstweb
blotch.
Noactivityagainstfoliardiseases
orCBR.Musttank‐mixwith
chlorothalonil.
LesseffectivethanBravoforleaf
spotonhighlysusceptible
varieties.Nosoildiseasecontrol.
Shouldbealternatedwith
alternativetostrobilurinand
carboximide.
Inadequateagainstwhitemold.
Performanceof5.7ozsimilarto
18ozAbound.
Folicur/
3
Alread
N
14
Noteffectiveagainstwebblotch.
generics
y
Nolongereffectiveagainstlate
resista
leafspot;musttank‐mixwith
nt
Bravo.
Fontelis
Carboximide
7
Mediu
Y
14 Excellentwhitemoldactivity
Rotatewithalternative
(penthiopyrad)
mto
andeffectiveagainstleafspot.
chemistrytoreduceleafspot
high
resistancerisk.
Headline
Strobilurin
11
High
N
14 Systemicleafspotactivityat6‐9 Whitemoldactivityerratic.Leaf
spotactivityofHeadline(and
(pyraclostrobin)
oz,somewhitemoldactivityat
12‐15ozrates.Rapiduptakefor otherstrobilurims)mayhave
declined.Donotexceed2
systemicactivityinleaves.
strobilurinappl.perseason.
Causeswormandspidermite
Lorsban15G Organophosphate
?
Low
N
21 Whitemoldsuppression.
outbreaks.Requiresgranular
(chlorpyrifos)
Preventativecontrolofsoil
bandappl.IncreasesRhizoctonia
insects.
limbrot.
*MOA=Modeofactiongroup.TreatmentswithoutBravo(chlorothalonil)thatsharethesameMOAgroupshouldnotbeused
consecutivelytodelayleafspotresistance.Thereisnosingleperfectfungicide.Thebestprogramscombineseveralproductsthat
complementeachothertominimizediseaseandresistanceriskatreasonablecost.Seeprogramexamplesonpreviouspages.
11
Strengths
Haswhitemoldactivityand
maybethebestRhizoctonia
material.Systemicleafspotand
webblotchactivity.
Systematicleafspotactivity.
194
South Carolina Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops - 2016
GUIDETOPEANUTFUNGICIDES(Cont.)
Propulse
Provost
Quash
Stratego
TiltBravoSE
Triazole
(prothioconazole)
+Carboxamide
(fluopyram)
TwoTriazoles
(prothioconazole
+tebuconazole)
7+11
Medium
tohigh
N
14
3
Medium
N
14
3+7
Medium
tohigh
N
14
3
High
N
14
Medium
N
14
Medium
Y
14
CombinationofTiltandFlint
–hasgoodsystemicactivity
againstleafspot.
Low
N
14
Tiltaddssystemicleafspot
controltoBravo’scontact
protection.
Triazole
3
(metconazole)
3+11
Triazole
(propiconazole)+
Strobilurin
(trifloxystrobin)
Triazole
3+
(propiconazole)+
M5
Chloronitrile
(chlorothalonil)
1
Benzimidazole
(thiophanate‐
methyl)
Riskof
leafspot
resistance
PHI(days)
Proline
Chemistry
Carboxamide
(fluxapyroxad)+
Strobilurin
(pyraclostrobin)
Triazole
(prothioconazole)
MOA*
Product
Priaxor
Feedhay
Strengths
Whitemoldandleafspot
activityat8oz.Has
demonstratedexcellentlate
leafspotcontrol.
Excellentleafspotandwhite
moldactivityinearlyseason
band.CBRsuppressionin‐
furrow.
Excellentleafspotandwhite
moldactivity.CBR
suppressionin‐furrow.
Highlevelofcontrolfor
majorfoliar(leafspot)and
soil(whitemold,
Rhizoctonia)diseases.
Reformulatedforimproved
tank‐mixingcompatibility.
Effectiveagainstwhitemold.
Limitations
Maximumoftwoappl.per
seasonrecommended.
Rotatewithalternative
chemistrytoreduceleafspot
resistancerisk.
Rotatewithalternative
chemistrytoreduceleafspot
resistancerisk.
Triazolesvulnerabletoleafspot
resistance.Mustberotatedor
tank‐mixedwithotherchemistry.
NeedsBravotank‐mixforleaf
spotcontrol.
Littleornosoildiseaseactivity.
Tilthasveryweakactivity
againstsoildiseasesandBravo
hasnone.Tiltalonewillnot
controllateleafspot.
Veryhigh Y
Topsin4.5FL
14 Topsinaddssystemicactivity Topsinaloneverysusceptibleto
resistance.Mustbetank‐mixed
toBravo.Costeffective,high
andlimitedtotwoapplications
risktreatmentforleafspot.
peryear.Littleornosoilactivity.
VelumTotal
Carboxamide
7
Medium
N
14 Providesin‐furrowcontrolof Lesseffectiveearlyseasonleaf
(fluopyram)
tohigh
thripsandnematodes.
spotcontrolthanbandedappl.of
ProlineorElatus.Imidacloprid
componentoftenincreases
TSWVseverity.
*MOA = Mode of action group. Treatments without Bravo (chlorothalonil) that share the same MOA group should not be used
consecutivelytodelayleafspotresistance.Thereisnosingleperfectall‐aroundfungicide.Thebestprogramscombineseveralproducts
thatcomplementeachothertominimizediseaseandresistanceriskatreasonablecost.Seeprogramexamplesonpreviouspages.
195
South Carolina Pest Management Handbook for Field Crops - 2016
DiseaseResponseChartForPeanutFungicides
Product
Abound
Alto
1Artisan+
Bravo
Bravo
(orgenerics)
Convoy1+
Bravo
Evito2
Elast3
Elatus
Endura
Fontelis
Tebuconazole
+Bravo
Headline
Moncut+
Bravo Priaxor
Rate/A
18oz
5.5oz
16‐20oz
+1pt
1.5pt
Lateleafspot
Good/V.Good
Good
V.Good
Whitemold
Good
Fair/Poor
Ex.
Rhizoctonia
limbrot
Ex.
Fair/Poor?
V.Good
Cylindrocladium
blackrot(CBR)
Poor
Poor
None
Web
blotch
Good
Good
Fair/Good
V.Good
None
None
None
Fair
13‐26oz
V.Good
Ex.
V.Good
None
Fair
Good/V.Good
Fair
Ex.
Good
V.Good
V.Good
Good
None
V.Good/Ex.
Fair
Ex.
V.Good
?
None
V.Good/Ex.?
?
V.Good/Ex.?
V.Good
Poor
None
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor/Fair
Good?
None
Good
Good
?
Good?
Good/V.Good
V.Good
Fair(12‐15oz)
Ex.
Good/V.Good?
V.Good
Poor
None
Ex.
Fair
V.Good/Ex.
(6‐8oz)
Ex.
Ex.
Poor
Good?
Good(in‐furrow)
V.Good/Ex.
Good?
Good?
+1.5pt
5.7oz
15oz
7.3‐9.5oz
8‐10oz
16oz
7.2oz+
1‐1.5pt
6‐12oz
0.5lb+
1.5pt
4‐8oz
Proline
Propulse
5.7oz
13.6oz
Ex.(6‐8oz)
V.Good(4oz)
Ex.
Ex.
V.Good/Ex.?
(8oz)
V.Good
V.Good
Provost
8‐10.7oz
V.Good/Ex.
V.Good(8oz)
V.Good
(in‐furrow)
Poor/Fair
Good?
Quash+Bravo
3‐4oz+
1pt
10‐14oz
1.5pt
V.Good
Ex.(10.7oz)
V.Good
?
Poor?
Good?
Stratego
V.Good
Poor
Good(14oz)
None
Good?
TiltBravoSE
V.Good
Poor
Poor
None
Fair
(orgenerics)
Topsin4.5FL4
8‐10oz+
V.Good/Ex.4
None
Fair?
None
Fair?
+Bravo
1.5pt
*Ratingsarebasedontherelativeperformanceofthelistedapplicationrates.Effectivediseasecontroland
resistancepreventionrequiresmultipleapplicationprogramswithacombinationofmaterials.None=no
control;Poor=lowlevelofcontrol;Fair=erraticcontrolorsuppressiononly;Good=controlstypicaldisease
pressure;V.Good=verygood:betterthanaveragediseasecontrol;Ex.=excellent:consistentsuperiorcontrol.
1ArtisanorConvoycanbeappliedupto32oz/Aformaximumwhitemoldcontrol,butbothmustbetank‐mixedwith
Bravooralternativeforleafspotcontrol.
2Evitolabeledfortwoapplicationsof5.7ozat60and90DAP.Performancesimilarto18ozAbound.
3ElastisnotrecommendedforhighlysusceptibleVirginia‐typevarieties.
4Topsinishighlyeffectiveagainstleafspotasatank‐mixwithBravo.NeveruseTopsinalone,andneverexceed2total
Topsinapplicationsperseason.
196