Journal of Philosophy, Inc.
!"#$%&#'(&"$)$*#+,#-.$),/0$1
-2$%+.3145#67#87#9+:&
;&<)&:&(#:+.=3145
>+2.0&5#?%&#8+2."/@#+,#A%)@+1+B%*C#D+@7#EFC#G+7#H#3-B.7C#IJEK4C#BB7#LLFMLKL
A2N@)1%&(#N*5#Journal of Philosophy, Inc.
>$/N@&#O;95#http://www.jstor.org/stable/2026005 .
-00&11&(5#LPQFIQLFIK#LI5IP
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
.
Journal of Philosophy, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal
of Philosophy.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
!!"#
$%&# '()*+,-# (.#/%0-(1(/%2#
1344567#897:#
;<7#<=>98?#$97@#A7#B368#8;C7#897#D5>=E#5F#4;<8955G#
85#H7#;#B5G;D#D5>=EI#A9=E9#B=>98#H7#E;DD7G#897#J5G;D#K<566L87BL#
45<;D#K;DE3D36#5F#0@G=M=G3;D6?#
0#69;DD#@58#E5@68<3E8#
63E9#;#D5>=EI#6=@E7#0#89=@C#=8#G576#@58#4;:#85#
F5<#897#F36=5@#;N=5B#
<797;<67#897#;D87<@;8=M7#
4566=HD7#<74D;E7B7@86#
43<45676I#=@#;@:#E;67I#=6#<7;DD:#
5<#;N=5B6?#O9;8#B;887<6#
F5<#4<767@8#
08#677B6#85#B7I#95A7M7<I#
5@D:#A9;8#6953DG#H7#6;=G#;H538#=G7@8=8:?#
89;8#89;8#=6#4D;=@#7@53>9P#A7#6953DG#<74D;E7#KK0Q#A=89P#
RJKK0QS#RN#T#:S# (R8SURN#&V#8#W#:#&V#8S#X#RN#Y:# V#8#Z#:#YN# V#8S[#
$9;8# 7D=B=@;876#897#G=FF=E3D8:?#
-78# \%5367\# H7#897#@;B7#5F#897#
95367I#;@G#\0E7\#H7#897#@;B7#5F#897#=E7#=8#=6#B;G7#5F?#$97@#R=F#B:#
=@F5<B;@86#
;<7#<=>98S#897<7#=6#;#A5<DGI#;@G#;#8=B7#8#=@#89;8#A5<DGI#
63E9#89;8#
0E7#&V# 8#
=6#8<37I#;@G#R6=@E7#%5367#G576#@58#7N=68#=@#89;8#A5<DGS#
0E7#Y#%5367#V#8#Z#%5367#Y#0E7#V#8#
=6#F;D67?#$9;8#H7=@>#65I#JKK0Q#87DD6#36#89;8#%5367#=6#@58#=G7@8=E;D#
A=89#0E7?#
;<7#<=>98#;H538#89=6#
]38#89=6#=6#5F#=@87<768#
5@D:#=F#B:#=@F5<B;@86#
E;67?#
E;67I#5<#A53DG#H7#<=>98#;H538#;#H7887<#
J;66;E9367886#
0@68=8387#
5F#$7E9@5D5>:#
/#
')X0$%# ',*W01#$%(J1(+#
(+# $%&# 0X&+$0$2# (.# ,*$0.,K$1#
9=D56549=E;D#
=@M768=>;8=5@6#
5F#897#E5@E7483;D#
65<8#
;<7#5F87@#
43<637G#=@#897#D=>98#5F#43^^D7#E;676_#;@G#89=6#=6I#0#89=@CI#
H589#
6=@E7#=8#
3@G7<68;@G;HD7#
;@G#R;8#D7;68#34#85#;#45=@8S#̀368=F=;HD7I#
=6#5@D:#H:#4<766=@>#53<#E5@E7486#85#897=<#D=B=86#89;8#A7#B;:#G=6L#
E5M7<#A97<7#897=<#
H53@G;<=76#D=7#;@G#8936#;E9=7M7#65B7#=@6=>98#=@85#
897=<#D5>=E;D#69;47?#$9=6#=6#;6#8<37#=@#897#49=D56549:#5F#=G7@8=8:#
;6#
=@#89;8#5F#;@:#5897<#E5@E748#A5<89:#
5F#49=D56549=E;D#=@M768=>;8=5@?#
%7@E7I#=@#G=6E366=5@6#5F#47<65@;D#=G7@8=8:I#
897#;H3@G;@E7#5F#7N;BL#
4D76# =@M5DM=@>#;B@76=;I#4;<;B@76=;I#G34D=E;8=5@#5F#B7B5<=76I#
H<;=@#8<;@64D;@8;8=5@I#
E5BB=663<585B:I#
;@G# 65# F5<89?#/9=D565L#
497<6#E5@E7<@7G#A=89#;<8=F;E8#
=G7@8=8:#
7N9=H=8#897#6;B7#=@87<768#
=@#
43^^D=@>#5<#4;<;G5N=E;D#E;676I#;@G#5F#89767#897#7N;B4D7#5F#897#69=4#
""!!Lab!cdeade""fd"!!"g"Q?!"#
h# Qiea#$97#'53<@;D#5F#/9=D56549:I#0@E?#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
(+#$%&# 0X&+$0$2# (.#,*$0.,K$1#
!!Q#
5F#$976736#=6#47<9;46#897#B568#@585<=536?#1=@E7#89=6#;@E=7@8#43^^D7#
=6#68=DD#M7<:#
B3E9#;#63H`7E8#5F#G=64387I#0#B;C7#@5#;45D5>:#=@#<;=6=@>#
=8#:78#;>;=@?#J:#4<5E7G3<7#A=DD#H7P#F=<68I#
85#<7E;DD#4<7E=67D:#
A9;8#897#
4<5HD7B#=6P#67E5@GD:I#85#5FF7<#
R:78#;@5897<S#65D38=5@#85#=8_#;@G#F=L#
@;DD:#85#<7D;87#A9;8#0#9;M7#6;=G#85#897#54=@=5@6#5F#5897<6I#
7647E=;DD:#
A97<7#89767#677B#85#=@M5DM7#=B45<8;@8#
G=M7<>7@E76#
F<5B#
B:#5A@?#
0@# B5G7<@#8=B76I#G=6E366=5@#5F#897#69=4L5FL$976736#43^^D7#>576#
H;EC#;8#D7;68#;6#F;<#;6#%5HH76I#A95#367G#=8#85#;<>37#;>;=@68#89567#
A95#<7>;<G7G#j3@=8:#5F#F5<Bj#;6#;#63FF=E=7@8#
E5@G=8=5@#5F#;<8=F;E8#
=G7@8=8:P\#
.5<#=FI#F5<#
7N;B4D7I#
89;8#
69=4#5F#$976736I#
E5@E7<@=@>#
897#G=FF7<7@E7#
A97<75F#
B;G7#H:#E5@8=@37G#
<74;<;8=5@#
=@#8;C=@>#
538#897#5DG#4D;@C6#
;@G#4388=@>#
=@#@7AI#897#6549=687<6#
5F#,897@6#
A7<7#A5@8#85#G=64387I#
;F87<#
A7<7I#
;DD#897#4D;@C6#A7<7#
E9;@>7GI#
897#6;B7#@3B7<=E;D#
69=4#=8#
A;6#;8#897#
H7>=@@=@>_#
;@G#=F#65B7#B;@#9;G#C748#
897#
5DG#4D;@C6#
;6#897:#
A7<7#
8;C7@#
538I#;@G#H:#4388=@>#
897B#
;F87<A;<G6#
85>7897<#
=@#897#6;B7#
5<G7<I#
9;G#;>;=@#B;G7#;#69=4#5F#897BI#
89=6I#
A=89538#
G53H8I#
9;G#;D65#
H77@#897#6;B7#@3B7<=E;D#
69=4#A=89#89;8#
A9=E9#
A;6#;8#897#H7>=@@=@>_#
;@G#65#897<7#
A53DG#9;M7#H77@#8A5#69=46#@3B7<=E;DD:#
897#6;B7I#
A9=E9#
=6#;H63<G?#
$97#4<5HD7BI#897@I#=6#89=6?#,8#;#E7<8;=@#8=B7#85#A7#9;M7#;#69=4#,?#
]=8#H:#H=8I#;DD#=86#4;<86#;<7#7NE9;@>7G#F5<#@7A#5@76?#,8#8=B7#8=#A7#
8936#9;M7#;#69=4#]#E5@6=68=@>#5F#89767#@7A#4;<86?#+5A#;D65#;8#8=#897#
5DG#4;<86#;<7#438#85>7897<#
;>;=@# 85#F5<B#;# 69=4#K?# ]#;@G#K#;<7#
ED7;<D:#G=FF7<7@8#
69=46?#]38#A9=E9#5F#]#;@G#K#R=F#7=897<S#=6#897#6;B7#
69=4#;6#,h#$97:#E;@\8#H589#
H7I#=@#M=7A#5F#897#6:BB78<:#
;@G#8<;@6=L#
5F#=G7@8=8:?#
8=M=8:#
06#897<7#
47<9;46#j@5#F;E8#5F#897#B;887<Ij#
;6#65B7#
G=6438;@86#9;M7#97DGh#$9=6#=6#M7<:#B3E9#;#65D38=5@#5F#897#D;68#<7L#
65<8#R0#69;DD#853E9#345@#=8#;>;=@#D;87<S?#.5<#897#8=B7#H7=@>I#0#69;DD#
;663B7#89;8#5@7#5<#5897<#5F#897#F5DD5A=@>#B383;DD:#=@E5B4;8=HD7#
=6#G7F=@=87D:#
;D87<@;8=M76#
,#=6#897#6;B7#69=4#;6#]_#,#=6#897#
E5<<7E8P#
6;B7#69=4#;6#K_#,#=6#@58#897#6;B7#69=4#;6#7=897<#]#5<#KI#H38#9;6#=@#
F;E8#E7;67G#85#7N=68?#
/7<9;46#897#B568#5HM=536#65D38=5@#R4;E7#%5HH76S#=6#85#6;:#89;8#
69=4#]I#;@G#@58#69=4#KI#=6#897#6;B7#69=4#;6#69=4#,P#=G7@8=8:#
5F#69=4L#
@5<#63FF=E=7@8#
4;<86#=6#@7=897<#@7E766;<:#
F5<#=G7@8=8:#
5F#69=46?#$9;8#
=6I#897#F;E8#89;8#K#9;6#897#6;B7#4;<86#
;6#,#=6@\8#63FF=E=7@8#
F5<#=8#85#H7#
897#6;B7#69=4#;6#,I#@5<#=6#897#F;E8#89;8#]#G576@\8#9;M7#897#6;B7#
F5<#=8#@58#85#H7#897#6;B7#69=4#;6#,?#(@# 89=6#
4;<86#;6#,#63FF=E=7@8#
\177# X;M=G#O=>>=@6I#1;B7@766#;@G#13H68;@E7#R(NF5<GP#]D;ECA7DDI#Qie"SI#4?#i!I#
A97<7#897#F5DD5A=@>#4;66;>7#RF<5B#
X7#K5<45<7#00I#QQS#=6#k3587G?#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
!!!#
$%&# '()*+,-# (.#/%0-(1(/%2#
;8#8=I#89=6#A53DG#>=M7#K#@5#H78L#
M=7AI#7M7@#=F#69=4#]#A7<7#G768<5:7G#
5F#]#A53DG#
87<#8=8D7#85#H7=@>#897#6;B7#69=4#;6#,P# 897#G768<3E8=5@#
5F#,?#,@GI#=@G77GI#=8#<7;DD:#G576@\8#B;C7#
6=B4D:#H7#897#G768<3E8=5@#
67@67#85#6344567#89;8#,#E53DG#9;M7I#;6#=8#A7<7I#;#j67E5@G#E9;@E7Ij#
85#9;M7#
5<#j8A5#D=M76j#R;6#;#E;8#=6#6;=GI#8953>9#5@D:#B78;495<=E;DD:I#
@=@7S?#
,#6D=>98#E5B4D=E;8=5@#;<=676I#95A7M7<?#1344567# 89;8#69=4#,#=6#
5F#4;<86I#;@G#897@#63HL#
><;G3;DD:#G=6B;@8D7G#A=89538#<74D;E7B7@8#
85#F5<B#
;#69=4#Kl?#$97@#
67k37@8D:#;8#8=#89767#4;<86#;<7#<7;667BHD7G#
=6@\8#Kl#897#6;B7#69=4#;6#,h#13<7D:#=8#=6?#$9=6I#;6#A7#69;DD#677#B5<7#
F5<#897#j5HM=536#
E<7;876#;#4<=B;#F;E=7#G=FF=E3D8:#
F3DD:#=@#;#B5B7@8I#
65D38=5@j#`368#;GM;@E7G#;H5M7I#H7E;367#=8#677B6#89;8#K#=@#897#5<=>=L#
@;D#E;67#A;6#<7D;87G#=@#B3E9#897#6;B7#A;:#85#,#;6#Kl#=6#=@#89=6#
67E5@G#E;67_#:78#;EE5<G=@>#85#897#j5HM=536#65D38=5@Ij#K#=6#@58#897#
6;B7#69=4#;6#,I#A97<7;6#=@#897#67E5@G#E;67#K# =6?#13<7D:#897#B7<7#
5F#]#E;@\8#B;C7#;DD#897#
7N=687@E7#5F#;#j<=M;D#ED;=B;@8j# =@#897#F5<B#
G=FF7<7@E7h!#
A7#@77G#85#7@63<7#89;8#=8#<7;DD:#
]7F5<7#43<63=@>#89=6#G=FF=E3D8:I#
;<=676#;8#;DD?#0@#897#67E5@G#E;67#`368#G=6E3667GI#0#6;=G#89;8#Kl#63<7D:#
=6#=G7@8=E;D#A=89#897#5<=>=@;D#69=4#,?#]38#=8#B;:#H7#5H`7E87G#89;8#=8#
E;@\8#H7I#H7E;367#=@#897#=@87<M;D#H78A77@#85#;@G#8=#G3<=@>#A9=E9#;DD#
897#4;<86#A7<7#G=6B;@8D7GI#
897<7#
A;6#=@#F;E8#@5#69=4#;8#;DD#=@#7N=68L#
7@E7#E5@6=68=@>#5F#89567#4;<86I#=?7?I#897<7#=6@\8#;#E5@8=@3536#j69=4L#
9=685<:Ij#
;6#A7#B=>98#E;DD#=8I#H78A77@#69=4#,#;@G#69=4#Kl?#19=4#Kl#
8=B7#;8#8=#;@GI#;6#-5EC7#
;E83;DD:#E5B76#=@85#7N=687@E7#F5<#897#F=<68#
6;=GI#j5@7#89=@>#E;@@58#9;M7#8A5#H7>=@@=@>6#5F#7N=687@E7?ja#
5<#
$5#89=6#5@7#B=>98#<74D:#89;8#89=@>6#B;:#9;M7#;@#=@87<B=887@8#
7N=687@E7I#=?7?I#B;:#>5#=@#;@G#538#5F#7N=687@E7#67M7<;D#
=@87<<3487G#
;8#8=I#
8=B76_#;@G#65#7M7@#=F#=8#=6#><;@87G#89;8#Kl#E5B76#=@85#7N=687@E7#
8=B7?#%5AL#
=8#@77G#@58#H7#E5@E7G7G#89;8#=8#G576#65#897@#F5<#897#F=<68#
7M7<I#89=6#=6@\8#897#5@D:L@5<I#0#89=@CI#897#H768LA;:# 85#83<@#;6=G7#
897#4<767@8#
5H`7E8=5@?#O97@#'5@76\6#A;8E9#>576#85#897#A;8E9B;C7<#
F5<#<74;=<#;@G#=6#8;C7@#85#4=7E76#H:#9=BI#=8#G576@\8#E7;67#85#7N=68I#
G576#=8h#15B75@7#7@87<=@>#
897#A5<C6954#;@G#677=@>#897#4=7E76#D;=G#
H7#
538#E;<7F3DD:#
5@#897#A;8E9B;C7<\6#
H7@E9#A53DG#k3=87#4<547<D:#
85DG#j$9;8# =6#'5@76\6#A;8E9j_#;@G#=F#63E9#;# 47<65@#A7<7I#6;:I#85#
68;B4#5@# 89767#G7D=E;87#H=86#5F#B;E9=@7<:I#97#A53DG#ED7;<D:#H7#
=86#7N=687@E7?#
'5@76\6#A;8E9I#=?7?I#87<B=@;8=@>#
>3=D8:#5F#G768<5:=@>#
15#=8#G=G#7N=68#7M7@#=@#=86#G=6B;@8D7G#
E5@G=8=5@?#$9=6#=6@\8#8<37#5@D:#
5F#;<8=F;E86P#
A97@#R=@#j18;<8<7CjS#J<?#145EC#jH7;B6#
F5<I#6=B=D;<D:I#
!KF?#O=>>=@6I#54?#E=8?I#44?#imdb?#
%3B;@#)@G7<68;@G=@>I#
]C?#00I#K9?#ccW00I#67E8?#Q?#
a,@#&66;:#E5@E7<@=@>#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
(+#$%&# 0X&+$0$2# (.#,*$0.,K$1#
!!a#
85#;@#;D=7@#4D;@78I#97#68=DD#7NL#
G5A@j#F<5B#897#18;<69=4#&@87<4<=67#
5F#4;<8=ED76#A=89538#
=686#G3<=@>#9=6#̀53<@7:I#;DH7=8#5@D:#;6#;#68<7;B#
=6#89;8#897<7#6953DG#H7#65B7#<7D=L#
93B;@#F5<B?#O9;8#=6#=B45<8;@8#
;HD7#B7;@6#5F#<7>;=@=@>#89;8#F5<B#R8953>9#=8#B368#H7#E5@F7667G#
;#j<7D=;HD7j#B7;@6#=6#65B7A9;8#M;>37I#;@G#
89;8#A9;8#E5@68=83876#
G7F=@;HD7#5@D:#<7D;8=M7#85#53<#87E9@5D5>=E;D#E;4;H=D=8=76fS?#15I#<7L#
83<@=@>#85#897#R67E5@GS#69=4#E;67I#4<5M=G7G#89;8#69=4#Kl#A;6#E5@L#
F<5B#897#4;<86#5F#69=4#,#=@#;#<7D=;HD7#F;69=5@#R;@G#@58#̀368#
68<3E87G#
897@#=8#=6#;<>3;HD7#89;8#897<7#A;6#;#
;EE=G7@8;DD:#5<#F5<83=8536D:SI#
H78A77@#,#;@G#KlI#;@G#8936#89;8#897:#;<7#
E5@8=@3536#69=4L9=685<:#
=G7@8=E;D#69=46_#;@G#89=6#A=DD#H7#65#=FI#F5<#=@68;@E7I#897#4;<86#A7<7#;DD#
,?#R0#69;DD#<783<@#
685<7G#;A;:#;6#897:#A7<7#<7B5M7G#F<5B#
E;<7F3DD:#
7N=687@E7?S#
85#897#M7N7G#=6637#5F#=@87<B=887@8#
D;87<I#95A7M7<I#
F5<#A9;8#0#
+5AI#;6#0#9;M7#6;=GI#89=6#677B6#85#E<7;87#;#G=FF=E3D8:#
9;M7#E;DD7G#897#j5HM=536#65D38=5@j#85#897#5<=>=@;D#4<5HD7BI#=?7?I#897#
E;67#=@#A9=E9#A7#9;M7#<74D;E7B7@8#5F#4;<86?#.5<#6344567#89;8#897#
685<7G#;A;:P#897@#=8#A53DG#677B#89;8I#
<74D;E7G#4;<86#;<7#E;<7F3DD:#
69=4#K#
5@#897#H;6=6#5F#A9;8#9;6#`368#H77@#6;=GI#897#<7E5@68<3E87G#
69=4#,#
5
<=>=@;D#
A
=89#
8
97#
9;6#k3=87#;6#>55G#;#8=8D7#85#H7=@>#=G7@8=E;D#
;6#G576#897#<7@5M;87G#69=4#]?#.5<#=@#H589#=@68;@E76#A7#9;M7#;#E5@L#
8=@3536#69=4L9=685<:#
H7>=@@=@>#A=89#,#;@G#7@G=@>#A=89#]#;@G#K#
=6#;#E5@8=@3536#69=4L9=685<:#
5<#65#=8#677B6?#$9;8#897<7#
<7647E8=M7D:I#
,#;@G#897#
69=4#]#>576#A=89538#
<
7@5M;87G#
69=4#
H78A77@#897#5<=>=@;D#
H78A77@#,#
69=4L9=685<:#
=
6#;D65#;#E5@8=@3536#
]38#89;8#
8
97<7#
6;:=@>?#
89;8#897#
F
<5B#
897#
F
;E8#
8
5#
F5DD5A#
69=4#K#677B6#
<
7E5@68<3E87G#
;@G#897#
=@#
A;:#89;8#K#=6#<7D;87G#85#,#;447;<6#85#H7#897#6;B7#;6#897#A;:#89;8I#
53<#67E5@G#E;67I#Kl#A;6#<7D;87G#85#,I#A97<7#=8#A;6#ED7;<#89;8#89=6#<7L#
F5<#,#;@G#Kl# 85#H7#=G7@8=E;D?#%5A# E53DG#897#
D;8=5@69=4#63FF=E7G#
5
F#
j
<=M;D#
897#
ED;=B;@8j#]#B;C7#;@:#G=FF7<7@E7h#
4<767@E7#
O7DDI#A9;8#0#;B#>5=@>#85#;<>37#=6#89;8#=@#F;E8#=8#=6#@58#8<37#89;8#
=@#53<#8A5#E;676#,#=6#<7D;87G#85#K#=@#7N;E8D:#897#6;B7#A;:#89;8#,#=6#
;EE53@86#F5<#897#F;E8#89;8I#=@#
<7D;87G#85#KlI# ;@G#89;8#89=6#G=FF7<7@E7#
897#43^^D7#E;67I#,#=6#=G7@8=E;D#A=89#]#;@G#@58#K#R=?7?I#;EE53@86#F5<#
897#E5<<7E8@766#
5F#897#j5HM=536#65D38=5@jS?#$9;8#K#=6#@58#=@#89=6#
5F#897<7#H7=@>#;#
E;67#=G7@8=E;D#A=89#,#=6#8936#@58#6=B4D:#;#B;887<#
H7887<#
ED;=B;@8I#@;B7D:#]LA9=E9# A53DG#677B#85#9;M7#897#;H63<G#
;8#8=I#K#A53DG#897@#8;C7#
=B4D=E;8=5@#89;8I#A7<7#]#85#H7#G768<5:7G#
5M7<#=86#8=8D7#R>=M=@>#,#;# j67E5@G#E9;@E7jS?# O9;8#0#69;DD#677C#85#
=6#@58#=@#F;E8#
;#E5@8=@3536#69=4L#
695A#=6#89;8#=@#897#43^^D7#E;67#897<7#
69=4#KI#
H78A77@#897#5<=>=@;D#69=4#,#;@G#897#<7E5@68<3E87G#
9=685<:#
fKF?#$975G5<7#1E;D86;6I#j0G7@8=8:I#
(<=>=@#;@G#14;8=5L87B45<;D#
/9=D5L#
K5@8=@3=8:Ij#
6549:I#-W0I# !Qn#R'3D:#QieQSP#aimLf"!?#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
!!f#
$%&# '()*+,-# (.# /%0-(1(/%2#
A;6#;#E5@L#
G764=87#<767BHD;@E76#A=89#897#5897<#E;67#=@#A9=E9#897<7#
8=@3536#69=4L9=685<:#
H78A77@#
,#;@G#Kl?#
K5@6=G7<I#897@I#;#8=B7#H78A77@#85#;@G#8=I#E;DD#=8#6=B4D:#8I#;8#A9=E9#
65B7#5F#897#5<=>=@;D#4;<86#5F#,#9;M7#H77@#<7B5M7G#;@G#<74D;E7G#
;@G#E;<7F3DD:#
685<7G#;A;:P#F5<#=@68;@E7I#897#5<=>=@;D#B;68#B=>98#H7#
5@7# 63E9#4;<8I#A9=D7#5897<#5<=>=@;D#4;<86I#63E9#;6# 897#5<=>=@;D#
<3GG7<I#9;M7#@58#:78#H77@#<7B5M7G?#+5AI#;EE5<G=@>#85#897#ED;=B#
89;8#K#9;6#;#>55G#8=8D7#85#=G7@8=8:#
A=89#,I#897<7#B368#H7#;8#8#RH;<L#
7N=687@E7S#65B7#
<=@>#F5<#897#4<767@8#897#4566=H=D=8:#5F#=@87<<3487G#
69=4#A9=E9#=6#;# jG76E7@G;@8j#5F#,#;@G#5F#A9=E9#K#=6#=@#83<@#;#
jG76E7@G;@8?j#R$9=6# =6#<7k3=<7G#H:#897#E5@G=8=5@#89;8#897<7#H7#;#
E5@8=@3536#69=4L9=685<:#
H78A77@#,#;@G#K#=F#897:#;<7#85#H7#=G7@8=L#
E;D?S#K;DD# 89=6#69=4#X?# ]7=@>#;#69=4I#X# B368#9;M7#;DD#R5<#;8#D7;68#;#
63H68;@8=;D#4<545<8=5@S#5F#897#4;<86#5F#;# 69=4I#=@ED3G=@>I#6;:I#;#
B;68#;@G#;#<3GG7<?#+5AI#X\6# B;68#A=DD#H7#,#\6#5<=>=@;D#B;68I#A9=E9#
$9=6#
9;6#H77@#E;<7F3DD:#
685<7G#;A;:?#]38#A9;8#;H538#X\6# <3GG7<h#
A=DD#;>;=@#9;M7#85#H7#,\6# 5<=>=@;D#<3GG7<I#H38#=8#A5@\8#H7#685<7G#
;A;:P#=8#A=DD#=@#F;E8#H7#4;<8#5F#;#69=4#89;8#=6#F3DD:#;667BHD7G#;@G#
;#G=FF7<7@8#
69=4#F<5B#
547<;8=M7I#
4;<8#5F#;#69=4#A9=E9#=6#F3<897<B5<7#
5F#,#
XI#@;B7D:I#89;8#4;<8=;DD:#<7@5M;87G#
69=4#A9=E9#=6#;#G76E7@G;@8#
;@G#5F#A9=E9#]#=6#;#G76E7@G;@8?#K;DD#89=6#69=4#&?#KD7;<D:#897<7#=6#;#
;@G#;#@7A#B;68P#F5<#
69=4#&#;8#8I#=?7?I#;#69=4#A=89#,#\6#5<=>=@;D#<3GG7<#
;8#89;8#8=B7?#]38#=6#
;667BHD7G#;@G#547<;8=M7#
`368#63E9#;#69=4#=6#F3DD:#
897<7#<7;DD:#;#69=4#XI#;6#9;6#H77@#6344567GI#=?7?I#;#69=4#=@#;#4;<L#
8=;DD:#G=6B;@8D7G#68;87#A=89#,\6# 5<=>=@;D#<3GG7<#;@G#,\6# 5<=>=@;D#
E;@#H7P#H7E;367#897#<3GG7<#5F#89=6#438;L#
B;68h#0#G5@\8#677#89;8#897<7#
8=M7#69=4#X# ;D<7;G:#H7D5@>6#85#69=4#&# R3@D=C7#=86#B;68SI#;@G# =8#
;8#
G576@\8#;447;<#89;8#8A5#G=FF7<7@8#
69=46#E;@#9;M7#897#6;B7#<3GG7<#
897#6;B7#8=B7?#R$9=6#677B6#85#F5DD5A#F<5B#897#6:@E9<5@=E#
=G7@8=8:#
B5<7#F3DD:#=@#
E<=87<=5@#
F5<#69=46I#8953>9#0#69;DD#>5#=@85#897#B;887<#
;#B5B7@8?S#
89;8#<74D;E7B7@8#5F#4;<86#
08# 677B6I#897@I#89;8#897#G=FF7<7@E7#
B;C76#=6#89;8I#H7E;367#;8#;@:#>=M7@#8=B7#@5#8A5#G=FF7<7@8#
69=46#E;@#
H7L#
69;<7#;@:#4;<86I#897<7#=6#@58#=@#F;E8#;#E5@8=@3536#69=4L9=685<:#
A;6#H78A77@#,#;@G#KlI#A97<7#
8A77@#,#;@G#K#=@#897#A;:#89;8#897<7#
5F#4;<86?#08#=6#8<37#89;8I#
A=89538#<74D;E7B7@8#
A7#9;G#G=6B;@8D7B7@8#
7M7@#A97<7#<74D;E7B7@8#
5EE3<6I#;8#8=B7#8#;DD#897#4;<86#89;8#;<7#63HL#
67k37@8D:#<7;667BHD7G#;8#8Q#85#F5<B#69=4#K#;<7#;M;=D;HD7#F5<#63E9#
G=G#
<7;667BHD:#
H:#<7D=;HD7#B7;@6#R;6#=@#897#E;67#A97<7#<74D;E7B7@8#
@58#5EE3<I#5<#;6#=@#897#E;67#5F#897#A;8E9#3@G7<>5=@>#<74;=<SP#H38I#
@5@7897D766I#897#45=@8#=6#89;8I#=@#89=6#E;67I#;8#8=B7#8#65B7#5F#89767#
=@#;#E5@8=@3536#69=4L#
4;<86#;<7#4;<86#5F#;#69=4#A9=E9#G576#@58#F=>3<7#
H78A77@#,#;@G#KI#;@G#89=6#677B6#85#=B4D:#89;8#897<7#=6#=@#
9=685<:#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
(+#$%&# 0X&+$0$2# (.#,*$0.,K$1#
!!m#
F;E8#@5#63E9#E5@8=@3536#9=685<:#
H78A77@#,#;@G#K?#$97<7#=6#@5#69=4#
X#;8#8#A9=E9#=6#;#G76E7@G;@8#5F#,#;@G#5F#A9=E9#K#=6#;#G76E7@G;@8I#
H7E;367#;D8953>9#;8#8#;DD#897#4;<86#5F#,#;@G#K#;<7#;M;=D;HD7#F5<#<7;6L#
67BHD:#H:#<7D=;HD7#B7;@6I#65B7#5F#89767#4;<86#;<7#897@#4;<86#5F#;#
69=4#&#5F#A9=E9#K#=6#@58#;#G76E7@G;@8I#;@G#897<7#E;@@58#H7#8A5#
69=46#;8#8I#&#;@G#XI#A9=E9#9;M7#65B7#4;<86#=@#E5BB5@?#
(F#E53<67I#=F#69=4#,#A7<7#G=6B;@8D7G#;8#85I#
=86#4;<86#4D;E7G#=@#5@7#
97;4I#;@G#897@#H=8#H:#H=8#B7BH7<6#5F#89=6#97;4#<74D;E7GI#897#5DG#
897#8A5#97;46#;6L#
4;<86#H7=@>#B5M7G#85#;#@7A#97;4I#;@G#3D8=B;87D:#
67BHD7G#=@85#69=46I#A7#6953DG#6;:#89;8#897#<7E5@68<3E87G#
69=4#A;6#
=G7@8=E;D#A=89#69=4#,I#<;897<#
89;@#897#69=4#E5@6=68=@>#5F#@7A#4;<86?#
]38#89=6#A53DG#H7#;#k3=87#G=FF7<7@8#
E;67#F<5B#53<#5<=>=@;D#43^^D7#
E;67I#6=@E7#97<7#@5#4<5E766#5F#<7@5M;8=5@#A53DG#9;M7#8;C7@#4D;E7?#
0@#F;E8I#
F<5B#
53<#67E5@G#
89=6#89=<G#
E;67#=6#@58#6=>@=F=E;@8D:#
G=FF7<7@8#
E;67#G=6E3667G#;H5M7?#
,8#89=6#45=@8#=8#B;:#H7#;6C7GP#A9:#6953DG@\8#8A5#G=FF7<7@8#
69=46#
69;<7#65B7#4;<8#;8#5@7#;@G#897#6;B7#8=B7h#
X576@\8#=8#B;C7#67@67#85#
6344567#89;8I#6;:I#5@7#;@G#897#6;B7#<3GG7<#5<#B;68#6953DG#6=B3DL#
8;@7536D:#H7#4;<86#5F#8A5#G=FF7<7@8#
69=46h#O7DDI#:76I#=@#65B7#E;676I#
47<9;46I#=8#G576?#.5<#=@68;@E7I#=B;>=@7#8A5#;DD# H38#7@8=<7#69=46#
H589#D;EC=@>#5@D:#;#<3GG7<P#=F#5@7#A7<7#897@#6344D=7G#897:#B=>98#
4566=HD:#H7#6;=G#85#j69;<7j#=8#=FI#6;:I#5@7#A7<7#F=887G#
A=89#=8#5@#5@7#
G;:#;@G#897#5897<#5@#897#@7N8I#;@G#65#5@#=@#<58;8=5@?#(@7#B=>98#
897@#6;:#89;8#897#<3GG7<#G=G#@58#jH7D5@>j#7NED36=M7D:#
85#7=897<#
69=4#
R8953>9#7M7@#89=6#E53DG#H7#k3768=5@7GP#=8#B=>98#H7#4<7F7<;HD7#
85#6;:#
89;8#;8#;@:#>=M7@#8=B7#897#<3GG7<#H7D5@>7G#85#A9=E97M7<#69=4#=8#
9;447@7G#85#H7#F=887G#
85I#;@G#89;8#=8#H7D5@>7G#85#@7=897<#;8#5897<#
8=B76S?#%5A7M7<I#=@#89=6#65<8#5F#E;67#A7#9;M7#;D<7;G:#8A5#=G7@8=F=L#
;HD7#69=46#k3=87#=@G747@G7@8#
5F#897#<3GG7<P#
A7#A53DG#68=DD#9;M7#8A5#
69=46#7M7@#=F#897#<3GG7<#A7<7#G768<5:7G#
R;DH7=8#8A5#@58#k3=87#7@8=<7#
69=46S?#]38#=@#897#69=4#5F#$976736#E;67#897<7#A=DD#H7#;#8=B7#A97@#
897#B;`5<=8:#5F#897#4;<86#A53DG#9;M7#85#H7#69;<7G#H78A77@#8A5#
69=46P#;@G#897@#A7#A53DG@\8I#5HM=536D:I#9;M7#8A5#G=FF7<7@8#
69=46#
k3=87#=@G747@G7@8#5F#897#69;<7G#4;<86#R=?7?I#=F#;DD# 897#6344567GD:#
69;<7G#4;<86#A7<7#G768<5:7G#
A7#A53DG#@58#68=DD#9;M7#8A5#=G7@8=F=L#
;HD7#69=46P#A7#A53DG#9;M7#@5@7S?#$9=6#A=DD#=@#F;E8#H7#65I#F5<#=@L#
68;@E7I#A97@#5@D:#897#F=<68#4;<8#9;6#H77@#<7B5M7G#;@G#<74D;E7G?#
K;DD# 89=6#F=<68#
4;<8#RA9=E9#B=>98#H7#897#B;68S#NI#;@G#E;DD#=86#<7L#
4D;E7B7@8#:?#K;DD#897#E5DD7E8=5@#5F#897#<7B;=@=@>#5<=>=@;D#4;<86#5F#
69=4#,#897#678#"?#$97@#E5@6=G7<#897#F5DD5A=@>#8A5#E5B4D787#6786#5F#
69=4L4;<86P#"#3#UNo#;@G#"#3#F:o?#+5A#"#3#p:o#=6#;#678#5F#4;<86#5F#;@#
;667BHD7G#;@G#547<;8=M7#69=4I#E;DD# =8#&?# $97<7#3@G53H87GD:#=6#;#
5F#897#678#"#3#p:o#;6#=86#4;<86?#]38#=6#
69=4#&# 89;8#9;6#897#B7BH7<6#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
!!b#
$%&# '()*+,-# (.#/%0-(1(/%2#
897<7#
;#69=4#X#89;8#9;6#897#B7BH7<6#
5F#897#678#"#3#pNo#;6#=86#4;<86h#0#
A53DG#6;:#@5P#H7E;367#"#;D<7;G:#E5@68=83876#
897#H3DC#5F#69=4#&I#;@G#
65#E;@@58#;D65#E5@68=8387#
897#H3DC#5F#;@5897<#69=4#XI#5F#A9=E9#N#=6#
;#4;<8?#,8#89=6#8=B7#N#6=B4D:#E;@@58#H7#;#4;<8#5F#;@:#69=4I#G=68=@E8#
F<5B#
&I#A9=E9#9;6#;6#=86#<7B;=@=@>#4;<86#897#H3DC#5F#897#4;<86#5F#&?#
,@G#8936I#6=@E7#N#=6I#7N#9:458976=I#
@58#;#4;<8#5F#&#7=897<I#
=8#=6@\8#=@#
F;E8#4;<8#5F#;@:#69=4#;8#;DD?#R08#A5@\8#97D4I#5F#E53<67I#85#63>>768#89;8#
N#=6#;# \64;<7j#4;<8#5F#69=4#&I#=F#5@7\6#;=B#=6#85#;<>37#89;8#,#=6#=G7@L#
8=E;D#A=89#K_#65#89=6#=6#;#4566=H=D=8:#
A7#@77G#@58#E5@6=G7<?S#
15# B:#65D38=5@#85#897#69=4#5F#$976736#43^^D7#=6#A9;8#0# 9;M7#
E;DD7G#R47<9;46#65B7A9;8#87@G7@8=536D:S#
897#j5HM=536#65D38=5@jP#
897#<7@5M;87G#
69=4#]I#;@G#@58#897#<7E5@68<3E87G#
69=4#KI#9;6#897#65D7#
8=8D7#85#=G7@8=8:#A=89#897#5<=>=@;D#69=4#,?#]#=6@\8#`368#;# jH7887<j#
ED;=B;@8I#=8#=6#897#5@D:#ED;=B;@8#=@#89767#E=<E3B68;@E76?#
$97#<7E5@L#
68<3E87G#
69=4#K#G576@\8#7M7@#9;M7#897#69;G5A#5F#;#ED;=BI#H7E;367#
897<7#=6#@5#E5@8=@3536#69=4L9=685<:#
H78A77@#,#;@G#KI#G764=87#897#
6347<F=E=;D#<767BHD;@E7#
A=89#897#<7D;8=5@69=4#H78A77@#
,#;@G#Kl#=@#
897#E;67#A97<7#897<7#
A;6#@5#<74D;E7B7@8#
5F#4;<86?#RJ:#65D38=5@#4<7L#
63445676I#68=DDI#89;8#=@87<<3487G#
7N=687@E7#
=6#=B4566=HD7I#H38#89=6#=6#;#
854=E#0#69;DD#<783<@#
85#=@#;#B5B7@8?S#
00#
+5A#0# 69;DD#83<@#85#E5@6=G7<#A9;8#65B7#5897<#4754D7#9;M7#6;=G#
]<=;@#1B;<8I#
;H538#897#69=4L5FL$976736#
43^^D7#;@G#<7D;87G#B;887<6?#
=@#;#<7E7@8#;<8=ED7Im#
D=C7#B7#7@G5<676#A9;8#0#9;M7#E;DD7G#897#j5HL#
M=536#65D38=5@Ij#89;8#897#5<=>=@;D#69=4#,#=6#=G7@8=E;D#A=89#897#<7@5L#
F<5B#B=@7I#;@G#
M;87G#69=4#]?#]38#9=6#<7;65@=@>#=6#k3=87#G=FF7<7@8#
=@G77G#<;897<#63647E8?#%7# ;<>376P#jO97@#;# 4D;@C#9;G#H77@#<7L#
,#;@G#<74D;E7G#H:#;#@7A#4D;@CI#=8#A;6#897#@7A#4D;@C#
B5M7G#F<5B#
89;8#A;6#@5A#;#4;<8#5F#,?#$97#5DG#4D;@C#9;G#H77@#;#4;<8#5F#,#H38#
A;6#@5#D5@>7<????# O97@#E5B4D787G#K#A;6#@58#E5B4567G#5F#;@:#5F#
,\6#4;<86#H38#<;897<#5F#A9;8#9;G#H77@#,\6#4;<86?jb#O9;8#1B;<8#=6#
5F#
;<>3=@>#=6#89;8#,#;@G#K#E;@@58#H7#97DG#85#H7#=G7@8=E;D#=@#M=<837#
9;M=@>#897#6;B7#4;<86I#H7E;367#R97#6;:6S#897:#G5@\8#9;M7#897#6;B7#
4;<86?#%5A7M7<I#=8#677B6#85#B7#89;8#1B;<8#̀368#H7>6#897k3768=5@#
,#;@G#
A97@#97#6;:6#89;8#jUA[97@#;#4D;@C#9;G#H77@#<7B5M7G#F<5B#
<74D;E7G#H:#;#@7A#4D;@CI#=8#A;6#897#@7A#4D;@C#89;8#A;6#@5A#;#4;<8#
897#@7A#
A97897<#
5F#,j#RB:#7B49;6=6SP#F5<#897#k3768=5@#=6#4<7E=67D:#
4D;@C#H7E5B76#;#4;<8#5F#,I#5<#A97897<#,#H7E5B76#4;<8=;DD:#G=6L#
j\%5A# 85#*7=G7@8=F:#897#19=4# 5F#$976736Ij# ,@;D:6=6I#NNN==I#m# R,4<=D# Qin!SP#
QfmLQfe?#
b#
(4?#E=8?I#4?#Qfe?#0#9;M7#;D87<7G#1B;<8\6#@5B7@ED;83<7#
85#B;8E9#B:#5A@?#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
(+#$%&# 0X&+$0$2# (.#,*$0.,K$1#
!!n#
B;@8D7G#;@G#<78;=@6#=86#5DG#4D;@C#;6#;# 4;<8#R;DH7=8#;# G=665E=;87G#
4;<8S?#
$975G5<7#1E;D86;6I#68=DD#B5<7#<7E7@8D:I#
A;@86#85#;<>37#89;8#j897#
7N;B4D7#5F#$976736\#69=4#?#?# ?#U=6#;@[#;E83;D#4;<;G5N?je#%7#ED;=B6#
89;8#j897<7#=6#@5#69;<4D:#
G7F=@7G#
9=7<;<E9:#
5F#63FF=E=7@E:#
E5@G=8=5@6#
UF5<#;<8=F;E8#
=G7@8=8:[I#
65#89;8#=@#E;676#5F#E5@FD=E8#
A7#;<7#@58#;DA;:6#
=@#;#456=8=5@#85#G787<B=@7#
A97897<#
897#@7A#5H`7E8#U6=E[#=6#=G7@8=E;D#
85#897#=@=8=;D#5@7#5<#@58?#$97#<7;65@#=6#89;8#897#E;676#5F#E5@FD=E8#
;<7#
65#<;<7#=@#7M7<:G;:#
D=F7#???# %7@E7I#53<#=@83=8=5@6#;<7#HD3@8#A97@#=8#
E5B76#85#B;C=@>#63E9#G7E=6=5@6?j#08#677B6#85#B7#89;8#1E;D86;6\6#45L#
6=8=5@#=6#5@7#85#;M5=G#=F#;8#;DD#4566=HD7#R8953>9#=8#=6#5@7#89;8#B;@:#
F;=@8L97;<86#
;G548#=@#897#F;E7#5F#G=FF=E3D8#
43^^D7#E;676S?#%7# =6@\8#
B7<7D:#6;:=@>#89;8#A7#B;:#65B78=B76#H7# 3@;HD7# 85#G787<B=@7#
89<53>9#=>@5<;@E7#897#E5<<7E8#
;@6A7<#85#;@#=G7@8=8:#
k3768=5@#R;@#
74=687B5D5>=E;D#45=@8I#;@G#5@7#A9=E9#0#A53DG#A=DD=@>D:#><;@8SI#
H38#
89;8#897<7#B;:#65B78=B76#H7#@5#F;E8#5F#897#B;887<#A97@#63E9#;#
k3768=5@#=6#<;=67GI#;@G#65#@5#jE5<<7E8j#;@6A7<#R;@#5@85D5>=E;D#;@G#
B78;49:6=E;D#
45=@8S?#$9=6#A53DG#677B#85#4<767@8#
;#E9;DD7@>7#7=897<#
85#897#D;A# 5F#7NED3G7G#B=GGD7#5<#85#897#4<=@E=4D7#5F#H=M;D7@E7I#
A9=E9#=8#A53DG#H7#4<7F7<;HD7#
85#;M5=G#=F#4566=HD7#R`368#;6#=8#A53DG#
H7#4<7F7<;HD7I#
=F#4566=HD7I#85#;M5=G#E53@87@;@E=@>#
;@:#E9;@>7#=@#897#
D;A6#5F#=G7@8=8:I#
=@#5<G7<#85#
7?>?I#897#;H;@G5@B7@8#5F#8<;@6=8=M=8:I#
<765DM7#43^^D7#E;676S?#,#6=B=D;<#jG7F7;8=6Bj#=6#<7><788;HD:#
7N9=H=87G#
H:#X;M=G#O=>>=@6I#A95#647;C6#5F#j=<<7ED;=B;HD:#
4;<;G5N=E;D#6=83L#
;8=5@6#D=C7#897#E;67#5F#$976736\#69=4?ji#(GGD:#7@53>9I#8953>9I#=@#
897#7@G#O=>>=@6#;G5486#;#E<=87<=5@#
5F#;<8=F;E8#
=G7@8=8:#
;EE5<G=@>#85#
A9=E9#jU6[5B7#B;887<#B;:#H7#7NE9;@>7GI#47<9;46I#?#?#?#4<5M=G7G#
???# 897#;<8=F;E8#<78;=@6#B5<7#89;@#9;DF#5F#U897[#5<=>=@;D#B;887<j#
R=H=GS?#RO=>>=@6#;EC@5AD7G>76#897#E5B=E;D#FD;M5<#5F#89=6I#H38#89;8#
9;<GD:#677B6#85#7NE367#=8?S#(@#89=6#E<=87<=5@I#
5F#E53<67I#897#A95DD:#
<7@5M;87G#69=4#]#A53DG#@58#k3;D=F:#;6#H7=@>#=G7@8=E;D#A=89#897#
5<=>=@;D#69=4#,?#$97#5GG=8:#=6#89;8#O=>>=@6#6953DGI#A9=D7#5FF7<=@>#
;#E<=87<=5@#89;8#>=M76#;#65D38=5@#85#897#69=4#5F#$976736#43^^D7#R;DL#
H7=8#@58#;#M7<:#
6;8=6F;E85<:#
5@7SI#;D65#<7B;<C#89;8#897#43^^D7#=6#j=<L#
<7ED;=B;HD:#
4;<;G5N=E;D?j#
5<#=@87<L#
-78#B7#H<=7FD:#
<783<@#85#897#k3768=5@#5F#=@87<B=887@8#
<3487G#7N=687@E7?#15B7#B;:#F77D#89;8#0#G=G#@58#>=M7#89=6#@58=5@#;#
F;=<#97;<=@>#R8953>9#0#F77D#=@ED=@7G#85#3<>7#89;8I#6=@E7#<7`7E8=@>#=8#
\-;A<7@E7# %?#X;M=6#B;C76#;#6=B=D;<#E<=8=E=6B#
=@#j1B;<8#5@#K5@G=8=5@6#5F#0G7@L#
8=8:Ij#
,@;D:6=6I#NNN===I#
a#R';@3;<:#QinaSP#Q"idQ"?#
ej$97# 19=4#5F#$976736Ij#,@;D:6=6I#c-I# a#R'3@7#Qie"SP#Qm!?#
i#(4?#E=8?I#4?#in_#B:#7B49;6=6?#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
!!e#
$%&# '()*+,-# (.#/%0-(1(/%2#
65D38=5@#85#897#69=4#5F#$976736#
;# 6;8=6F;E85<:#
7@;HD76#36#85#5FF7<#
43^^D7I#A97<7;6#E53@87@;@E=@>#=8#D7;M76#89=6#4<5HD7B#68=DD#A=G7#
547@I#89=6#=@#=867DF#677B6#85#E53@8#65B789=@>#=@#F;M5<#5F#=86#<7`7EL#
E;@#
8=5@S?#15B7#4754D7#677B#85#<7>;<G#=8#;6#`368#5HM=536#89;8#89=@>6#
7N=687@E7?#$936#1E;D86;6I#G=6E366=@>#897#E;67#5F#
9;M7#;@#=@87<<3487G#
85#
6;:6#j897#M;67#?#?# ?#E7;67G#
;#M;67#89;8#=6#H<5C7@#;@G#D;87<#<7685<7GI#
H7#G3<=@>#897#=@87<M;D#H78A77@#=86#H<7;C=@>#=@85#4=7E76#;@G#=86#
;@GI#;>;=@I#j897<7#=6#@5#M;67#5@E7#=8#=6#H<5C7@#=@85#
H7=@>#<7685<7Gj#
4=7E76?j#Q"#]38# 897#E;67# 5F#897#<74;=<7G#A;8E9#6953DG# A;<@#36#
;>;=@68#8;C=@>#89=6#D=@7#855#<7;G=D:?#/754D7#A95#>5#=@#F5<#=@87<L#
;<7#;48#85#<3@#F53D#5F#-7=H@=^\6#D;A?#1E;D86;6#677B6#
<3487G#7N=687@E7#
85#G5#`368#89=6#A97@I#G=6E366=@>#;#E;67#A97<7#;#E9=DG\6#4=D7#5F#H<=EC6#
=6#C@5EC7G#G5A@#;@G#D;87<#5@7#=6#678#34#;>;=@#=@#7N;E8D:#897#6;B7#
=G7@8=E;D#
F;69=5@I#97#6;:6P#j$9=6# 67E5@G#4=D7I#A9=E9#=6#@3B7<=E;DD:#
5@7j#RaieS?#
5<=>=@#F<5B#897#F=<68#
A=89#897#F=<68#
5@7I#9;6#;#G=FF7<7@8#
]38#89=6#̀368#FD5386#-7=H@=^\6#D;AP#=8#43<45<86#85#6;:#89;8#65B789=@>#
9;6q#(@7#;@G#897#
897#5<=>=@#89;8#=8#=867DF#
5<=>=@#F<5B#
9;6#;#G=FF7<7@8#
5<=>=@6I#=F#H:#
8
A5#G=FF7<7@8#
6;B7# 89=@>#E;@@58#9;M7I#D=87<;DD:I#
B5B7@8#5F#7N=687@E7?j#
D=C7#jF=<68#
B7;@#
65B789=@>#
\5<=>=@\# A7#
%5A7M7<I#A7#6953DG#H7#A;<:#5F#6=B4D:#;447;D=@>#85#89=6#F;E8#85#
-5EC7#A;6#=@#
7N=687@E7?#
5F#=@87<B=887@8#
;<>37#;>;=@68#897#4566=H=D=8:#
5@7#67@67#=@G=6438;HD:#E5<<7E8#=@#6;:=@>#89;8#j5@7# 89=@>#E;@@58#
9;M7#8A5#H7>=@@=@>6#5F#7N=687@E7Ij#M=^?I#=@#897#67@67#89;8#5@7#89=@>#
F=<68#B5B7@86#5F#7N=687@E7_#H38#=@#
E;@@58# 9;M7# 8A5#G=FF7<7@8#
;@5897<#67@67#A9;8#97#6;:6#=6#G7H;8;HD7I#M=^?I#=@#897#67@67#=@#A9=E9#
=8#=B4D=76#89;8#5@7#89=@>#E;@@58#E7;67#85#7N=68#;@G#897@#H7>=@#;>;=@#
E;@\8#`368#8;C7#=8#F5<#><;@87G#89;8#=@87<B=8L#
O7#E7<8;=@D:#
85#7N=68?jQ#
677B6#85#G5#
87@8#
7N=687@E7#
=6#D5>=E;DD:#=B4566=HD7I#;6#O=>>=@6#<;897<#
A97@#97#6;:6#HD3@8D:#89;8#jUA[7#G5#@58#?#?# ?#6;:#89;8#897#ED5EC\6#7NL#
A9=D7#=8#A;6#=@#;#G=6B;@8D7G#E5@G=8=5@?#.5<#
=687@E7#A;6#=@87<<3487G#
;# 89=@>#68;<86#7N=68=@>#5@D:#5@E7?jQ!# O=>>=@6#97<7#677B6#85#H7#
E5BB=88=@>#
4<7E=67D:#
897#F;DD;E:#A7#9;M7#H77@#G=6E366=@>I#=?7?I#89;8#
5F#;663B=@>#89;8#6=@E7#;#89=@>#E;@#j68;<8#85#7N=68j#5@D:#5@E7#=@#897#
=8#E;@#j68;<8#
67@67#5F#j9;M7#;#F=<68#
B5B7@8#5F#7N=687@E7Ij#897<7F5<7#
;#47<=5G#5F#
85#7N=68j#5@D:#5@E7#=@#897#67@67#5F#jH7>=@#85#7N=68#;F87<#
@5@7N=687@E7?j#
,DD#897#6;B7I#=8#677B6#85#B7#89;8#89567#A95#95DG#89;8#=@87<B=8L#
\"j0G7@8=8:I#(<=>=@# ;@G# 14;8=5L87B45<;D#K5@8=@3=8:Ij#54?# E=8?I#4?# aim_# B:#
7B49;6=6?#
j#$9=6#=6#;#45=@8#A9=E9#];<3E9#,?#]<5G:#H<=@>6#538#A7DD#=@#9=6#0G7@8=8:#
;@G#&6L#
67@E7#R/<=@E785@#)@=M7<6=8:#
/<766I#Qie"SI#4?#e"?#
Q!"4?# E=8?I#4?#iQ_#B:#7B49;6=6?#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
(+#$%&# 0X&+$0$2# (.#,*$0.,K$1#
!!i#
87@8#7N=687@E7#=6#4566=HD7#E;<<:#
;#E5@6=G7<;HD7#H3<G7@#5F#4<55F?#,@G#
65B78=B76#897:#;<7#G<=M7@#85#=@M7@8=@>#65B7A9;8#F;@8;68=E#
7N;BL#
4D76#85#>=M7#7M7@#;@#;=<#5F#E<7G=H=D=8:#
85#897=<#8976=6?#$936#J=E9;7D#
]3<C7I#=@#;#<7E7@8#
;<8=ED7I#G=6E36676#897#E;67#5F#;#8;HD7#A9=E9#=6#G=6L#
65<86#
B;@8D7G#;@G#=86#4;<86#367G#85#B;C7#;#63EE766=5@#5F#G=FF7<7@8#
5F#
;<8=F;E8#
R63E9#;6#;#E9;=<#;@G#;# H=<G95367S#;@G#3D8=B;87D:#;# 8;HD7#
5@E7#;>;=@P#97#A;@86#85#6;:#89;8#897#5<=>=@;D#8;HD7#;@G#897#F=@;D#
8;HD7#;<7#5@7#;@G#897#6;B7#8;HD7#A9=E9#9;6#E5B7#H;EC#;>;=@#=@85#
7N=687@E7#;F87<#
;@#=@87<<348=5@?ja#
J:#5A@#M=7A#=6#89;8#R;S#=8#=6#=BL#
4D;36=HD7#85#6344567#89;8#897#6;B7#678#5F#4;<86#E53DG#H7#367G#3@L#
B5G=F=7G#85#F5<B#63E9#;#63EE766=5@#5F#5H`7E86I#H38#89;8#RHS#=F#89=6#
A7<7#897#E;67I#=8#A53DG#4<5H;HD:#H7#4<7F7<;HD7#
85#6;:#89;8#A7#9;G#
97<7#65B7#65<8#5F#B3D8=L43<4567#
;<8=F;E8#
A9=E9#E53DG#67<M7#
;#M;<=78:#
5F#@77G6?#%5A7M7<I#=@#;#F558@587#
]3<C7#;6C6#36#85#E5@6=G7<#;@G#63HL#
68=8387I#
=F#A7#4<7F7<I#
j;#E;67#=@M5DM=@>#85:#H3=DG=@>#HD5EC6#5<#\&<7EL#
85<#178\#B;87<=;D6j#Rf"!S?#$936I#0#=B;>=@7I#A7#B=>98#9;M7#;8#5@7#
8=B7#;#B5G7D#H<=G>7I#6;:I#897@#;#B5G7D#E;68D7#;@G#65#5@#89<53>9#
;#
63EE766=5@#5F#5897<#B5G7D6I#;@G#3D8=B;87D:#
;# B5G7D#H<=G>7#;>;=@#
R7N;E8D:#6=B=D;<#85#897#5<=>=@;D#5@7SP#;@G#]3<C7#A53DG#A;@8#85#6;:#
89;8#A7#9;G#97<7#897#6;B7#B5G7D#H<=G>7#;6#;8#F=<68I#
;@#
;DH7=8#;F87<#
=@#=86#7N=687@E7?#
=@87<<348=5@#
%5A7M7<I#0#;B#@58#<7;DD:#E5@M=@E7G#7M7@#H:#89=6#438;8=M7#7N;BL#
4D7#5F#=@87<<3487G#
7N=687@E7?#0@#5<G7<#85#7N4D;=@#B:#<76=68;@E7I#
D78#
36#E5@6=G7<#F=<68#5F#;DD# ;# 65B7A9;8#G=FF7<7@8#
E;67#=@#A9=E9#897#
B5G7D#H<=G>7#=6#6=B4D:#G=6B;@8D7G#RE5B4D787D:S#
;@G#D;87<#897#4;<86#
;<7#;667BHD7G#;>;=@#85#F5<B#
;@#7N;E8D:#6=B=D;<#B5G7D#H<=G>7#A=89L#
538#;@:#=@87<M7@=@>#
B5G7D6#5F#G=FF7<7@8#
G76=>@6?#08#B=>98#H7#=BL#
;>=@7G#89;8#=@#89=6#E;67#0#A53DG#6;:I#H:#;@;D5>:#A=89#897#E;67#5F#897#
<74;=<7G#A;8E9I#@58#5@D:#89;8#897#<7;667BHD7G#B5G7D#H<=G>7#A;6#
=G7@8=E;D#A=89#897#5<=>=@;D#5@7I#H38#89;8#=86#7N=687@E7#9;G#@58#H77@#
=@87<<3487GI#
=?7?I#89;8#=8#9;G#E5@8=@37G#85#7N=68#=@#;#G=6B;@8D7G#
E5@L#
G=8=5@#=@#897#=@87<=B#47<=5G?#]38#=@#F;E8#0#A53DG#@58#A;@8#85#6;:#
89=6I#F5<#897#6=B4D7#<7;65@#89;8#897#j4;<86j#=@85#A9=E9#897#5<=>=@;D#
B5G7D#H<=G>7#=6#G7E5B4567G#R;663B=@>#;6#A7#;<7#E5B4D787#G=6B;@L#
8D7B7@8S#;<7#@58#=G7@8=F=;HD:#
B5G7DLH<=G>7L4;<86I#
=@#897#A;:#89;8#
897#4;<86#5F#897#<74;=<7G#A;8E9#;<7#=G7@8=F=;HD:#
A;8E9L4;<86I#
5<#=@#
897#A;:#89;8#897#B;68#;@G#<3GG7<#5F#$976736\6#69=4#;<7#=G7@8=F=;HD:#
69=4L4;<86?#R(F#E53<67I#897#A;8E9#5<#897#69=4#E53DG#9;M7#H77@#G7L#
E5B4567G#=@85#;85B6#5<#B5D7E3D76I#8953>9#5HM=536D:#0# A;6#@58#
&N=687@E7I\# J=@GI# -ccc0cI# amm#R'3D:#
QajjK59;H=8;8=5@I# 183FF#;@G# 0@87<B=887@8#
Qie"SP#aiQLf"m?#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
!a"#
$%&# '()*+,-# (.#/%0-(1(/%2#
634456=@>#89=6#=@#B:#7;<D=7<#G=6E366=5@_#H38#=F#897:#9;G#H77@#0#
A53DG#4<5H;HD:#9;M7#6;=G#89;8#897#A;8E9#;@G#897#69=4#9;G#897@#
7N;B4D7#5F#J<?#145EC#B;:#@77G#
$97#6E=7@E7LF=E8=5@#
H77@#G768<5:7G?#
=@#
89=6#D=>98_#8953>9#47<9;46#897#5@D:#D7665@#85#H7#
<7;66766=@>#
G<;A@#97<7#=6I#5@E7#;>;=@I#89;8#53<#87E9@5D5>=E;D#E;4;H=D=8=76#;<7#;#
.5<#;DD#A7#C@5AI#897#4;<8=L#
<7D7M;@8#
E5@6=G7<;8=5@#=@#63E9#B;887<6?#
ED76#=@85#A9=E9#J<?#145EC#=6#G7E5B4567G#G3<=@>#8<;@645<8;8=5@#
;6#145ECL4;<86?S#
A53DG#H7#=G7@8=F=;HD7#
J:#45=@8I#897@I#=6#89;8#897#j&<7E85<#178j#4=7E76#=@85#A9=E9#897#
B5G7D#H<=G>7#=6#G7E5B4567G#;<7#;D85>7897<#855#j;@5@:B536j#85#
k3;D=F:#;6#4;<86#5F#;# G=6B;@8D7G#B5G7D#H<=G>7#89;8#E5@8=@376#85#
A;@8#85#
7N=68#=@#;#G=6B;@8D7G#68;87?#+5AI#6=@E7#0#A53DG#897<7F5<7#
6;:=@>#89;8#897#5<=>=@;D#;@G#897#D;87<#B5G7D#H<=G>76#;<7#=G7@L#
<76=68#
A53DG#0#A;@8#
E;67I#;8#D7;68#;6#68<5@>D:#
8=E;D#7M7@#=@#89=6#6=B4D=F=7G#
=6#;#
85#<76=68#6;:=@>#89=6#=@#897#E;67#]3<C7#7@M=6;>76I#=@#A9=E9#897<7#
G76=>@6?#08#<7;DD:#E;@L#
B5G7D6#5F#G=FF7<7@8#
63EE766=5@#5F#=@87<M7@=@>#
89767#j&<7E85<#178j#
95A#G=FF7<7@8#
@58#H7#7B49;6=^7G#855#68<5@>D:#
7N;B4D76#;<7#F<5B#E;676#D=C7#89;8#5F#897#A;8E9?#$97# E9=DG#A95#
B;C76#897#67E5@G#B5G7D#H<=G>7#9;6#85#7N47@G#k3=87#;6#B3E9#7FF5<8#
H589#9;M7#85#68;<8#E5BL#
;@G#6C=DD#;6#897#5@7#A95#B;C76#897#F=<68P#
A95#<7;6L#
897#A;8E9L<74;=<7<#
4D787D:#jF<5B#6E<;8E9?j#]:#E5@8<;68I#
67BHD76#897#G=6B;@8D7G#A;8E9\6#4;<86#G576#@58I#D=C7#897#5<=>=@;D#
;E83;DD:#9;M7#85#F;69=5@#;DD#89567#4;<86?#,EE5<G=@>D:I#
A;8E9LB;C7<I#
B5G7D6I#H38#897#A;8E976#
0#<7>;<G#897#8A5#B5G7D#H<=G>76#;6#G=FF7<7@8#
;6#5@7#;@G#897#6;B7#A;8E9?#
]38I#=8#B;:#H7#;6C7GI#A9;8#=F#A7#G5@\8#;663B7#E5B4D787#G=6B;@L#
8D7B7@8#5F#897#5<=>=@;D#B5G7D#H<=G>7h#1344567# 65B7#=@>7@=536#
E9=DG#E5@E7=M76#5F#;#G76=>@#F5<#;#B5G7D#H<=G>7#B;G7#F<5B#j&<7E85<#
=@85#67E8=5@6#89;8#E;@#
178j#4=7E76#A9=E9#E;@#H7#4;<8=;DD:#G=6B;@8D7G#
5F#G=FL#
;#M;<=78:#
=@#M;<=536#5897<#A;:6#65#;6#85#F5<B#
H7#438#85>7897<#
F7<7@8#
B5G7D6I#63E9#;6#;#E;68D7#5<#;#E<;@7?#$97@#0#A53DG#;>;=@#H7#
87B487G#85#6;:#89;8#A9;8#A7#9;G#97<7#A;6#;#jB3D8=L43<4567j#;<8=L#
13E9#;@#;<8=L#
F5<B6?#
5F#G=FF7<7@8#
F;E8#A9=E9#E53DG#8;C7#5@#;#M;<=78:#
F;E8#A53DG#E5@8=@37#85#7N=68#=@#;#4;<8=;DD:#G=6B;@8D7G#68;87#=@#897#
4566=L#
=@87<M;D6#H78A77@#H7=@>#;667BHD7G#=@85#=86#M;<=536#G=FF7<7@8#
A53DG#@58#H7#
HD7#F5<B6?#$97# G=6B;@8D7G#67E8=5@6#5F#89=6#;<8=F;E8#
A95DD:#j;@5@:B536Ij#;@:#B5<7#89;@#897#4;<86#5F#;# G=6B;@8D7G#
A;8E9?#0#G5@\8#89=@C#=8#6953DG#H7#5H`7E87G#97<7#89;8I#H:#4;<=8:#5F#
;6#;#6=@>D7#
53>98#85#H7#<7>;<G7G#
<7;65@=@>I#897#j&<7E85<#178j#=867DF#
5@#897#><53@G6#89;8#=86#4=7E76#;<7#647E=;DD:#
B3D8=L43<4567#;<8=F;E8I#
F=<68#
F5<B6_#
F5<I#
5F#G=FF7<7@8#
G76=>@7G#85#H7#;667BHD7G#=@85#;#M;<=78:#
5F#;DDI#0#G5#@58#677#89;8#E5@E7G=@>#89=6#A53DG#H7#;8#;DD#=@E5@6=687@8#
A=89#B:#456=8=5@I#;@G#67E5@GD:I#
0#;B#@58#63<7#89;8#=8#9;6#85#H7#E5@L#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
(+#$%&# 0X&+$0$2# (.#,*$0.,K$1#
!aQ#
=@85#A9=E9#897#
;<7#@5#4;<8=E3D;<#F5<B6#
E7G7G#;@:A;:I#
H7E;367#897<7#
G76=>@7G#85#H7#;667BHD7G?#
4=7E76#;<7#647E=F=E;DD:#
.=@;DD:I#0# A;@8#85#6;:#;# D=88D7#;H538# jA5<C6#5F#;<8?j#.<;@E=6#
X;37<I#=@#;# E5BB7@8#5@# 897#;<8=ED7#H:#1B;<8#G=6E3667G#7;<D=7<I#
=G7@8=8:#
A9=E9#0#9;M7#7@L#
5F#;<8=F;E8#
45=@86#538#89;8#=F#897#E<=87<=5@#
D=C7#897#/;<897@5@I#89=6#
G5<67G#A7<7#;44D=7G#85#;@#;<8=68=E#
8<7;63<7#
A53DG#9;M7#;H63<G#<763D86P#8936#65B75@7#E53DG#<7@5M;87#897#/;<L#
;@G#
897@5@#685@7#H:#685@7I#678#34#897#5DG#685@76#;>;=@#7D67A97<7I#
ED;=B#89;8#897#<7@5M;87G#
87B4D7#A;6#897#/;<897@5@I#@58#897#<7E5@L#
68<3E87G#
5@7?#f# 1B;<8I#=@#9=6#<74D:I#;<>376#89;8#A7#53>98#85#G=68=@L#
>3=69#H78A77@#\/;<897@5@\#;6# @;B=@>#;# 4;<8=E3D;<#87B4D7I#;@G#
\/;<897@5@\#;6# @;B=@>#;# E7<8;=@#E5DD7E8=5@#5F#B;<HD7#6D;H6P#897#
D;887<I#97#A53DG#6;:I#=6#897#;<8=68=E#8<7;63<7?Qm#]38#=F#65I#897#/;<L#
897@5@I#;6#;#A5<C#5F#;<8I#=6#47E3D=;<#=@#89;8#=8#E;@#H7#G=6B;@8D7G?#
RQ!fLQ!bS#89;8#A5<C6#5F#
O=>>=@6#=6I#0#;B#63<7I#<=>98#=@#63>>768=@>#
5F#4;<86#
;<8#E;@#63<M=M7#M7<:#
D=88D7#=@#897#A;:#7=897<#5F#<74D;E7B7@8#
G76=>@7G#F5<#897#
5<#5F#G=6B;@8D7B7@8#
R3@D766I#5F#E53<67I#647E=F=E;DD:#
D;887<S?#]38#A9:#7N;E8D:#=6#89=6h#$97#;@6A7<#677B6#85#H7#89;8#=@#897#
E;67#5F#;# A5<C#5F#;<8#897#5<=>=@;D#;<8=68\6#A5<C#=6#7667@8=;D#85#=86#
=G7@8=8:?#
$936#-75@;<G5\6#-;68#13447<#9;6#85#H7#9=6#A5<CI#897#<7L#
63D8#5F#9=6#7FF5<86P#
=F#=8#=6#63H68;@8=;DD:#j<7685<7Gj#897@#A9;8#<7L#
H38#=6#5F#89567#5F#897#<7685<7<6?#
B;=@6#=6@\8#897#<763D8#5F#9=6#7FF5<86I#
O=89#5<G=@;<:#
E<3E=;DI#6=@E7#
89=6#F7;83<7#
=6#@58#4;<8=E3D;<D:#
;<8=F;E86#
A7#;<7#D=C7D:#85#H7#B5<7#E5@E7<@7G#A=89#897#5H`7E8\6#38=D=8:#
RA5<C6#
5F#;<8#;<7#47E3D=;<#4<7E=67D:#=@#89;8#897:#;<7#@58#E<7;87G#4<=B;<=D:#
F5<#;@:#38=D=8:#M;D37S?\b#O7#M;D37#;#A5<C#5F#;<8#@58#D7;68#F5<#H7=@>#
897#4<5G3E8#5F#;#E7<8;=@#;<8=68P#;@G#89=6#=6#;D65#A9:#<74D=E;6#;<7#@5#
63H68=8387#F5<#897#5<=>=@;D#89=@>#;@G#G5@\8#E53@8#;6# 897#j6;B7#
A5<CIj#=?7?I#A9:#A5<C6#5F#;<8L;8# D7;68#=@#897#E;67#5F#4;=@8=@>6#;@G#
6E3D483<7L;<7# 4;<8=E3D;<6#<;897<#89;@#3@=M7<6;D6I#85C7@6#<;897<#
89;@#8:476?#J36=E#=6#G=FF7<7@8#
R=F#A7#;<7#8;DC=@>#;H538#E5B456=8=5@#
6=@E7#jE5B456=8=5@j#897<7#=6#E5@E7<@7G#
<;897<#89;@#47<F5<B;@E7SI#
;@G#@58#A=89#B;87<=;D6P#=@#897#E;67#5F#B36=EI#
43<7D:#A=89#68<3E83<7#
5@E7#897#7667@8=;DD:#=@87DD7E83;D#A5<C#9;6#H77@#G5@7#5F#E5@E7=M=@>#
Qfj%5A# +58#85#*7=G7@8=F:#
897#/;<897@5@Ij#,@;D:6=6I#NNN===I#!#RX7E7BH7<#Qin!SP#
badf?#
Qmj$97#19=4#5F#$976736I#897#/;<897@5@I#;@G#X=6;667BHD7G#(H`7E86Ij#,@;D:6=6I#
NNN=MI#Q#R(E85H7<#QinaSP#!fL!n?#
b#(@7#5F#897#;647E86#5F#897#69=4L5FL$976736#
43^^D7#A9=E9#B;:#E5@8<=H387#
85#=86#;=<#
5F#4;<;G5N#=6#=@#F;E8#4<7E=67D:#89;8#A7#B;:#H7#87B487G#
85#E;87>5<=^7#897#69=4#;D5@>#
A=89#A5<C6#5F#;<8#5@#;EE53@8#5F#=86#647E=;D#9=685<=E;D#=@87<768?#
0#9;M7#H77@#;663B=@>#
89<53>9538#89;8#;@:#63E9#=@87<768#
=6#=<<7D7M;@8#
;@G#89;8#897#E;67#=6#5@7#5F#5<G=@;<:#
;<8=F;E8#
=G7@8=8:?#
.5<#B:#43<45676I#897#69=4#B=>98#;6#A7DD#9;M7#H77@#897#69=4#5F#
]D5>>6?#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
!a!#
$%&# '()*+,-# (.#/%0-(1(/%2#
897#68<3E83<7I#
@589=@>#;<8=68=E#
<7B;=@6#85#H7#G5@7#=@#897#A;:#5F#7BL#
=@#65B789=@>#49:6=E;D#RA<=8=@>#897#6E5<7#=6#
H5G:=@>#89=6#68<3E83<7#
`368#;# E95<7S?#]:#E5@8<;68I#
;# 4;=@87<#5<#6E3D485<#E7<8;=@D:#9;6@\8#
G5@7#;DD# 9=6#;<8=68=E#A5<C#5@E7#97#9;6#E5@E7=M7G#5F#;# 4=E83<7#5<#
6E3D483<7P#=@G77GI#897#H3DC#5F#9=6#A5<C#=6#:78#85#G5?#-=87<;83<7I#
0#
6344567I#=6#B5<7#D=C7#B36=E#=@#89=6#<7647E8?#
&?#'?#-(O&#
)@=M7<6=8:#
5F#X3<9;B#
]((r# *&W0&O1#
s588D5H#.<7>7?#%,+1# X?#1-)s,?# -5@G5@P# *538D7G>7#Z#r7>;@#/;3DI#
Qie"?#N=#t# !"a#4?#gam?""#
,8#D7;68#F=M7#;647E86#5F#89=6#H55C#B;:#H7#G=68=@>3=697GP#RQS#4D;E7L#
B7@8#5F#.<7>7#=@#897#9=685<:#
5F#49=D56549:I#R!S#4<767@8;8=5@#
;@G#
G=6E366=5@#5F#.<7>7\6#M=7A6I#RaS#5M7<M=7A#
;@G#=@87<4<78;8=5@#
5F#@=@7L#
877@89#
E7@83<:#
s7<B;@#49=D56549:I#RfS#4D;@#F5<#<7M7;D=@>#897#j9=6L#
85<=E;D#E9;<;E87<j#5F#;@;D:8=E#49=D56549:#RbS#;@G#RmS#G=6E366=5@#5F#
X3BB788\6#683G:#5F#.<7>7?#$97<7#;<7#B;@:#7NE7DD7@8#E5@8<=H38=5@6#
=@#7;E9#5F#89767#;647E86I#H38#0#A=DD#<768<=E8#
B:67DF#
85#65B7#5H`7E8=5@6#
;@G#G=6E<74;@E=76#E5@E7<@=@>#45=@86#RQS# ;@G#R!S# =@#8A5#674;<;87#
67E8=5@6?#
08#=6#;8#8=B76#3@ED7;<#A97897<#
1D3>;#=6#G5=@>#9=685<:#
5F#=@FD37@E76#
5F#5@7#;3895<#345@#;@5897<#5<#9=685<:#
5F#=G7;6_#897#F5<B7<#
<7k3=<76#
4<5M=@>#;E83;D# E5@@7E8=5@6#;B5@># ;3895<6I#897#D;887<#6=B4D:#
45=@86#85#6=B=D;<=8=76#
;@G#E5<<7645@G7@E76?#
0@#7=897<#
E;67I#95A7M7<I#
897<7#
;<7#E<=8=E=6B6#
85#H7#B;G7?#
$;C7@# ;6# 9=685<:#5F#=@FD37@E76I#=8#=6#<7><788;HD7#
89;8#65B7#5F#
1D3>;\6# ED;=B6#;<7#@58#4<5M=G7G#A=89#63FF=E=7@8#
63445<8I#5<#;@:#
63445<8#;8#;DD?#.5<#7N;B4D7I#97#;FF=<B6#
89;8#.<7>7#<7;G#-58^7I#7M7@#
89;8#97#<7;G#-58^7#jH:#897#8=B7#97#A<587#897#]7><=FF66E9<=F8Ij#
;@G#=@#
;#j67D7E8=M7I#
4<5HD7BL5<=7@87G#
A;:j#Rm!S?#+5#4<55F#5F#89=6#=6#5FF7<7G#
H:#1D3>;LF558@587# fm#Rm!S#A=DD#G=6;445=@8#;@:5@7#A95#>576#85#=8#
7N47E8=@>#;#4<55FP#=8#5@D:#68;876#89;8#897#]7><=FF66E9<=F8#
E5@8;=@6#897#
r;@8=;@#8975<:#
5F#̀3G>B7@8#=@#897#-58^7;@#M7<6=5@I#A9=E9#;8#H768#
63445<86#;#ED;=B#=@#897#9=685<:#
5F#=G7;6#H38#@58#=@#897#9=685<:#
5F#=@L#
FD37@E76?#,#6=B=D;<#G=6E<74;@E:#
5EE3<6#5@#4?#mfP#j=8#A;6#F<5B#
-58^7#
89;8#H589#%3667<D#;@G#.<7>7#855C#897#=G7;#U;@8=46:E95D5>=6B[#
;@G#
G7M7D547G#=8#F3<897<?#
0@#F;E8I#
897#4;<;DD7D6#H78A77@#-58^7\6#456=8=5@#
""!!Lab!cdeade""fd"!a!g""?n"#
h# Qiea#$97#'53<@;D#5F#/9=D56549:I#0@E?#
This content downloaded on Fri, 25 Jan 2013 21:15:07 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions