Chicago Documentation
Guide
General Information
The Chicago Manual of Style uses both notes (either endnotes or footnotes) and a Bibliography.
Each time you use a source, whether it be a direct quote or a paraphrase, you must include a note
citing the source. A number in parentheses should be placed in the text after the source
information (1) and a corresponding number is then placed in the notes section. Footnotes are
added at the bottom of the page, whereas endnotes are included at the end of the chapter or
document. The Bibliography is placed at the end of the work and contains an alphabetical list of
all sources cited within the work.
When writing in Turabian, use a superscripted number1 instead of a number in parentheses (1).
The number introducing the footnote should also be superscripted.
Book
Footnote or Endnote
1. First name Last name, Title of Book (place of publication: Publisher, year of publication), page
number.
2. Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (New York: Penguin, 1986), 86.
Corresponding Bibliographic Entry
Last name, First name. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication.
Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Penguin, 1986.
Article from an Online Database
Footnote or Endnote
1. Last name, First name, “Title of the article,” Journal, Volume, no. issue number (year): page
number range. Access date if available, URL.
2. Valkeakar, Tuire, “Huck, Twain, and the Freedman‟s Shackles: Struggling with Huckleberry
Finn Today,” Atlantis, 28, no. 2 (2006): 32-33. Accessed January 11, 2011, URL:
http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=106&sid=d1bf0b5a-b491- 4c18-bf4764407d154edb%40sessionmgr114&vid=2.
Corresponding Bibliographic Entry
Last name, First name. “Title of the article.” Journal Volume, no. issue number (year): page
number range. Access date if available, URL.
Valkeakar, Tuire. “Huck, Twain, and the Freedman‟s Shackles: Struggling with Huckleberry
Finn Today.”Atlantis 28 no. 2 (2006): 29-43. Accessed January 11, 2011,
http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=106&sid=d1bf0b5a-b4914c18-bf47-64407d154edb%40sessionmgr114&vid=2.
Webpage
Footnote or Endnote
1. First name Last name, “Title of Web Page,” Publishing organization or name of website,
publication date and/or access date if available, URL.
2. Keith Staskiewicz, “New Edition of „Huckleberry Finn‟ to Lose the N-word,” CNN.com,
accessed January 11, 2011, http://www.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/01/04/new.huck.finn.e
w/index.html.
Corresponding Bibliographic Entry
First name Last name. “Title of Web Page.” Publishing organization or name of website.
Publication date and/or access date if available, URL.
Keith Staskiewicz. “New Edition of „Huckleberry Finn‟ to Lose the N-word.” CNN.com.
accessed January 11, 2011, http://www.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/01/04/
new.huck.finn.ew/index.html.
Prepared by the Elon University Writing Center, January 2011
For more questions, visit the Elon Writing Center or visit
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01