PMA2020
SDG INDICATOR BRIEF
PMA2015/
Ghana
Round 4
ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs)
In September 2015, world leaders adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with the goal to
end poverty, improve health, reduce inequality and address climate change by 2030. To measure progress,
17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were created, each with specific targets to be achieved over
the next 15 years. Each goal includes a set of indicators to track success. PMA2020 provides data for
several of these indicators, allowing government officials, civil society, researchers, world leaders and
other stakeholders to track progress towards achieving these ambitious goals more frequently than ever
before. This brief provides data and indicators available from the fourth round of the PMA2020 survey in
Ghana, conducted in 2015.
For more information on the Sustainable Development Goals please visit https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org
SDGs in
Ghana
The strengthening of economic and
social institutions has increased the pace
of development progress in Ghana and
national implementation of the sustainable
development agenda. Ghana has succeeded
in improving education and health conditions
for its residents, including expanding
schooling opportunities and reducing infant
and child mortality. Access to improved
water sources has also improved marginally
over the past decade, more in urban than
rural areas. While living standards have risen,
there remains room for improvement.
The long-term vision of the Government of
Ghana is universal access to safe drinking
water by 2025 and to eliminate open
defecation by 2030. Attainment of these
targets will require continued strengthening
of
water,
sanitation
and
hygiene
environments and resources. This will also
require strong monitoring, evaluation and
verification of results.**
SDG Indicator Brief | PMA2015/Ghana-R4
PMA2015/Uganda-R2
GHANA
2015*
2030*
Population
(millions)
27.4
36.9
Population Density
(persons/km2)
120.5
162.0
Total Fertility Rate
(children per woman)
4.3
3.5
Life Expectancy
(years)
61.0
63.8
Infant Mortality Rate
(infant deaths per
1000 live births)
51.0
40.0
Gross national income
per capita 2011
(PPP-US$) –2014
$3,852
˙* United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Population Division (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015
Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables.
** Republic of Ghana, National Assessment Report on
Acheivement of Sustainable Development Goals and Targets for
Rio+20 Conference (2012)
1
Indicators on wealth and equity
GOAL 1
No
Poverty
Over one third of the population in Ghana is under age 15, with
two fifths of them living in the poorest 40% of households
85+
MALE
80–84
FEMALE
75–79
70–74
Target 1.4 aims to ensure
access to basic services for
all.
65–69
60–64
55–59
The population pyramid on
the right reflects residents in
the households at the time of
the PMA2020 survey. In the
poorest households, (lowest
40%), nearly one in five (19.8%)
occupants is under age 14,
while 3.3% are over 60 years
of age. Older women are more
likely to live in poor households
than men. Many men between
the ages 20 and 54 are away,
most working in other parts of
the country.
50–54
40–44
Age
45–49
35–39
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
10–14
5–9
0–4
-­‐8 8.0
-­‐6 6.0
-­‐4 4.0
-­‐2 0 2.0
0
2 2.0
4 4.0
6 6.0
8 8.0
Percent of Total Population
Poorest 40%
Wealthiest 60%
Only 16% of households have access to improved sanitation facilities
Access to basic services varies
by wealth. Almost all of the
wealthiest households (99.5%)
have electricity versus 26%
of the poorest households.
Four out of five persons live
in households with access
to electricity. 37.0% of the
wealthiest households have
access to improved sanitation
facilities versus 13.6% of the
poorest.
16%
93%
80%
of households
have access to
improved
sanitation
facilities
of households
have access to
improved
water
sources
of households
have
electricity
36.7% of households are headed by females, this trend decines
in higher wealth quintiles
43.4%
45 40
35 Percentage
Over one third of households
are headed by females, 29.8%
among the lowest wealth
quintile and 32.6% among the
highest. Children growing
up in households where a
male co-head is absent often
experience more economically
disadvantages than those
headed by two adults.
30
40.7%
36.8%
29.8%
32.6%
25 20
15 10
5 0
-­‐5 SDG Indicator Brief | PMA2015/Ghana-R4
PMA2015/Uganda-R2
Lowest
Lower
Middle
Higher
Highest
Wealth Quintile
2
GOAL 3
Good Health
& Well-Being
Family Planning Indicators
The poorest women age 15-49 are the least likely to have their
demand for family planning met
60.0% Target 3.7 calls for universal
access to sexual and reproductive
health services.
Unmet family planning need is
highest among women in the
poorest households (28.2%) and
lowest for those in the wealthiest
ones (14.2%).
20.0% 20
10.0% 10
0.0% 0
22.9%
22.2%
4.8%
4.5%
48.4%
51.4%
20.9%
25.8%
25.6%
22.9%
22.0%
Lowest
Lower
Middle
Higher
Highest
19.4%
14.2%
5.0%
6.6%
2.7%
Modern
Contraceptive
Prevalence
Rate (mCPR)
Traditional
Methods Use
% Family Planning
Demand Satisfied by
Modern Method
Unmet Need
School Attendance
Despite impressive gains in primary education, secondary schooling still
lags for females in the poorest households
1.5%
2.1%
57.8%
70.7%
3.4%
13.5%
6.8%
80
80% Percentage
The majority of women age 15-24
in Ghana (72.1%) have attended at
least some secondary school. Nearly
14% of women in the lowest wealth
quintile have never attended school,
while almost the same percentage
of women in the wealthiest quintile
have attended university.
28.2%
49%
Wealth Quintile
100
100% Target 4.1 aims for all girls
and boys to complete free and
equitable primary and secondary
school.
48.3%
30.0% 30
Eliminating inequity in demand for
family planning satisfied by modern
contraception is an important
step toward sustainable human
development. Progress remains
is needed among disadvantaged
populations in Ghana.
GOAL 4
Quality
Education
40.3%
40.0% 40
Percentage
Just under a quarter (23.4%) of
women age 15-49 currently use a
modern method of contraception.
Just under half of women (47.1%)
have their family planning demand
satisfied by a modern method of
contraception and another one fifth
(21.6%) have an unmet need for
family planning.
50.0% 50
Further progress is needed in
increasing opportunities for
education amongst the rural poor to
achieve this SDG.
SDG Indicator Brief | PMA2015/Ghana-R4
PMA2015/Uganda-R2
60
60% 79.4%
76.8%
78.4%
6.7%
40% 40
27.0%
20% 20
0% 0
22.4%
12.5%
14.1%
4.8%
4.7%
2.3%
Lower
Middle
Higher
13.7%
Lowest
1.3%
Highest
Wealth Quintile
Never
Primary
Secondary
University
3
GOAL 5
Gender
Equality
Early Marriage, Early Childbearing
One fourth of the poorest females age 18 to 24 are married by age 18
In Ghana, nearly one fifth of
women 20-24 were married before
age 18 and almost one in eight
(12.0%) had a child by that age.
20 20
19.7%
17.3%
Many data sources measure only
the main source of water and the
main sanitation practice used
by each household, PMA2020
provides a more complete
picture by measuring all regular
household water sources and
sanitation practices – those used
by households several times per
week during at least one season
of the year. As a result, PMA2020
data show that many more people
regularly practice open defecation
than other surveys record, providing
valuable insight and a more realistic
baseline for the SDG target of
eliminating open defecation.
38.6% of the household population
use no or non-improved sanitation
facilities as their main facility; and
38.3% of the household population
with an improved main drinking
source have only intermittent
access.
4.8%
Lowest
Lower
Middle
Higher
Highest
Wealth Quintile
Married by age 18
First birth by age 18
Water and Sanitation
Only 15.8% of the household population rely on an improved, nonshared facility as the main facility
46.0%
80
40
60
30
23.3%
40
20
20
10
0
0
15.8%
15.0%
9.2%
Open
defecation
Non-improved
facility
9.7%
13.7%
Shared
facility
Improved, not
shared facility
Among the household population...
36.3%
regularly
practice
open
defecation
7.2%
have a place
to wash
hands with
soap and
water
38.3%
with an
improved
main drinking
source have
intermittent
access
About PMA2020/Ghana
PMA2020 uses innovative mobile technology to support low-cost, rapid-turnaround surveys to monitor key indicators
for family planning. The project is implemented by local university and research organizations in 11 countries, deploying
a cadre of female resident enumerators trained in mobile-assisted data collection. PMA2020/Ghana is led by the Kwame
Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), School of Medical Sciences in collaboration with University
of Development Studies (UDS) and with the support of the Ghana Health Service and Ghana Statistical Service. Overall
direction and support is provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Institute for Population and Reproductive Health at the
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. For more
information on PMA2020 please visit http://www.pma2020.org.
Data collection for this survey round (4) took place between June and August 2015.
This brief has been developed in partnership with the Advanced Family Planning advocacy initiative (AFP).
* Definitions of all indicators available at www.pma2020.org
ALTH
HE
S
Your Health - Our Concern
SDG Indicator Brief | PMA2015/Ghana-R4
PMA2015/Uganda-R2
F
MEDICAL
IENCES
SC
G
H
S
ICE
RV
E
GHA
N
A
All results for Goal 6 are reported
as the percent of the household
population.
10.8%
8.7%
8.0%
00 Percentage
Target 6.2 aims to achieve
access to equitable hygiene
for all and eliminate open
defecation.
15.2%
13.9%
10 10
One in four women in the poorest
40% of households are married by
age 18 compared to one in 10 in
the highest 20%.
GOAL 6
Clean Water
& Sanitation
25.9%
24.6%
HOOL
SC
O
Target 5.3 aims to eliminate
early marriage.
Percentage
30 30
KNUST
4