Chapter 10: Renaissance and
Discovery
Section 2: Italy’s Political Decline:
The French Invasions
(1494-1527)
By Dallin F. Hardy

Treaty of Lodi


1454-1494
Alliance between



Milan
Naples
Florence

Milan vs. Naples

Naples

Threatened

Milan

Ludovico il Moro

1494

Invited

France to retake
 Naples
Charles VIII’s March Through Italy

Charles VIII


King of France
Invaded

Italy

First Italian War


1494-1498
League of Venice vs. France

Invasion of Florence


1494
By France

Led by

Charles VIII

Savonarola


Dominican preacher
Ruled Florence for

4 Years

League of Venice


1495
Allied





Ferdinand of Aragon
Emperor Maximilian I
Venice
Papal States
Milan
Pope Alexander VI and the Borgia
Family

Louis XII


King of France
Allied with

Pope Alexander VI

Pope Alexander VI


Borgia family
Most corrupt pope

Papal-French Alliance

Second Italian War


1499-1504
Italian City-States vs.
France
Pope Julius II

Pope Julius II


Ruled 1503-1513
“Warrior Pope”

Erasmus

Wrote

Julius Excluded From
Heaven

Holy League


1511
Allied






Pope Julius
Ferdinand of Aragon
Venice
Emperor Maximilian I
Swiss
Against

French

Battle of Novara



1513
Swiss vs. French
Results


Swiss Victory
France

Forced out of
 Italy

Francis I


Reigned 1515-1547
Led

Third French invasion of
Italy

Battle of Marignano



1515
Swiss vs. French & Venetians
Results

French & Venetian Victory

Concordat of Bologna


1516
France

Gained control over

French clergy

Habsburg-Valois Wars




1521-1546
Italy
Spain vs. France
Spain

Won all four wars
Niccolo Machiavelli

Niccolo Machiavelli


Italian Humanist
Promoted



Italian unification
Republican ideals
Wrote

The Prince

1513

"Besides what has been said,
people are fickle by nature;
and it is a simple to convince
them of something but
difficult to hold them in that
conviction; and, therefore,
affairs should be managed in
such a way that when they
no longer believe, they can
be made to believe by force."
 Niccolo Machiavelli

"From this arises an
argument: whether it is
better to be loved than
feared. I reply that one
should like to be both one
and the other; but since it is
difficult to join them
together, it is much safer to
be feared than to be loved
when one of the two must
be lacking."

Niccolo Machiavelli

Pope Leo X


Ruled 1513-1521
1st Medici Pope

Pope Clement VII


Ruled 1523-1534
2nd Medici Pope

Sack of Rome


1527
By


Spanish troops
Marked

Beginning of the end of

Italian Renaissance