L A B O R S AV I N G
DEV I CES
HOME
BY
RH EA c
OO OO O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O OO O
OO
N A SH V I LL E
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O OOO
"C O TT
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OO
O O OO OO
OOO OOO O
OO O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O OO
T E N N AA A A A A A AA A AA AAA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A AA A A A AA AA A A
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I L L U ST R A T E D B Y
M RS R
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E
G A M B LE
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S E C O N D E D I T ION
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R E V I SE D
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PH I LA D E LPH I A A N D L O N D O N
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J B
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LI P PI N
C O TT C O M
PA N Y
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A
TO TH E WO E
OF
FA
O RS
OF T H E F E LD S
IEN S OF
F LOW E S
W H O SE H EA T S H EA T H E
W H O SE H A D S
SEE K T H E S LL
A E TH E
A L HO E
L A E OF L HT OF H EA LT H OF EA UT T H S
L TT L E O L E S A FF E O A E L D E D
ED
M
AND
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AN D
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C
IG
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FR
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P
G I R LS
UM
TO
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L
VE
TH E
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R
C A LL A N D
M
K
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CT I
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3 82 98 2
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N
R UR
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I
RM
TH E
M
B
Y,
Y
I C AT
A
I
PR E F A C E
po i nt o f vi ew f rom wh ich th i s manu al was written i s
indicated in the introduction
The aim s are to increa s e e ffi ciency i n the far m home and to
s ati s fy the growing demand for use ful in f ormation i n the co untry
schools
Thi s is done by gi v ing sugge s tions and direct ions f or practi cal
wor k to be done in the home and at school
Throughout the country to day many rural s chools are ex
pr es s ing a desire to add to thei r present s ch o o l curricula course s
which are practical T h e ideal kept in mind during the prepara
tion o f thi s manual has been to s upply that need and at the same
time to make i t possible f or any woman to use the boo k i n her
own home
The lim itations i n the size h av e caused many om ission s I t
is the i ntention o f the author to enlarge upon thi s material a s
the demand i ncreases Idea s and s uggestion s from other State s
have been dominant through out thus carrying o u t the true demon
s t rat io n point o f vi ew
T H E A UT H OR
January 19 17
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A C KN O W LE D G M E N TS
p
an d t h an k s are grate f ull y g iv en to t h e
f or suggest i ons u se o f m at e r i al and
A C K N O WL E D G M E N T
f ollowing
ersons
correct i ons
M i ss O la P o wel l U nited States D epartment o f A gri cu lt u re
Washin gton D C for ma k ing this little v olume poss i ble by
in s pirational s uggestions furn i s hed throughout t h e prepa ration
o f the manual and e s pec i ally f or the use o f her two models o f
j elly str a iners and i llustrat i ons on c h ee s e mak in g
M r O B M artin U nited States D ep a rtment o f A gricu l tur e
Wa s hington D C f or his most v a l uab l e sug gest i ons and s ym pa
thetic i nterest during t h e ent i re pre arat i on o f the material
T h e U nited States D epart m ent of Agricult u re Was h in gton
D C fo r photographs o f r ol le r tra y wagon water work s system
and i deas obta i ned f rom c i rcu l a r l etter prepared by M i ss M ary E
C reswel l and M iss O la P owell o f the States Re l at i ons Se rvi ce
O f fice o f Exten s ion Work in the Sout h
M r H arry M L amon P oultry D ivi s ion o f the B ureau o f
Animal I ndustry U nited States D epartment o f A gr i cult u re
Wa s hington D C fo r illustrations o f poultry house dry m as h
h op er and c h ic k en coo p and th e u se o f i n f ormation i n Fa rm ers
B ulletin N o 5 74
M r B H Rawl C hie f o f t h e Da i ry D ivi s i on B u rea u o f
Animal I ndustry ; Un i ted States D epa rtm ent o f Agr i cult ure
Washington D C and M r J H M c clai n an d other s ec i a l ists
in the D ai ry D i v i sion f or assistance i n ta ki n g t h e p i ct ures and
fo r critici s m s and corrections o f the mater i a l
M r N E D Talcott State Agent i n Po ultry C l ub Wor k in
V i rg i n i a f or t h e use o f h i s d ry ma s h h oppe r an d oat spro u ti ng
rac k
D r John W Wayland State N or m a l Sc h oo l H arr i sonb u rg
V a f or hi s a propr i ate ded i cat i on
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AC KN O WLE DG M E N T S
8
Elizabeth C C leveland H ead o f t h e English D epart
ment State N ormal S cho o l H arri s onburg V a for reading and
correcting manu s cript
M rs K C B lythe L ee s burg V a f or pe rmis s ion to us e a
di s h drainer
M C ollege C ollege Station Texa s
M r C E H an s on A
for h is intere s t and help f ul sugge s tion s
M i s s E mma C handler State Agent in Home Demon s tra
tion Work Stillwater O kl a for the us e o f iceles s re frigerator
N o 2 and dir e ction s f o r making s ame
M r Tho s H F ullan A labama P olyte chni c Institute A uburn
Ala fo r the us e o f h is milking stool and s ugge s tions for making
the shower bath
M rs H elen Brown Wolcott State A gent i n H ome Demon
s t ra t io n Work
L exington Ky
for id e a s for making the di s h
rack
To The C ountry Gentleman
for illu s tration s o f chee s e
making
Al s o other s who have c o ntributed to thi s volume
M is s
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C O N TE N T S
I N T R O D U CT ION
C H APT E R I
KI TC H E N
CON VE NIE NC E S
V egetable Paring Table Wa ll Cabinet for the Kitchen I roning B oard
Jelly Straine r No I and N O 2 Di s h Drainer Di s h R ack Coal B o x
Wood B x F ireles s C ker H ome made Cook Stove Drier
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C H APT E R I I
DININ G R OOM C O N VE NIE NC E S
R oller Tray Wagon Sideboard
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Screen
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C H APT E R II I
PO R CH E Q UI PME N T
I cele ss R efrigerator N O I and
Towel R oller Porch Swing
NO
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2
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U mbrella Stand
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B
lacking
Bo
m
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C H APT E R
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IV
MISC E LL A NE OUS E Q UI PME N T
Du s tle ss M o Folding Canning Table Fly Trap G arbage B arrel
Scrubbing Chariot Sewing Screen Shower B ath Practical Waterwork s
Sy s te m
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C H AP T E R
V
P O UL T R Y D E V I C E S
Poultry H ou s e Nes t s E g g Tes ter Dry Ma s h H opper No I and N O 2
for O a t Sprouting Trays Dus t B oxe s Drinking V ess el Chicken
c
grogder
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C H APTE R
VI
D A I R Y D E V IC E S
B utter making B utter Worker Milking Stool Chee s e making E quipment
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APP E ND I X
F unda mental s in Woodworking Sugge s ted L i s t
cation s for Su lementary R eading
I N DE X
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of
Tools
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L
is t
Of
Publi
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I L L UST R A T I O N S
p
PA GE
CON VE NI E N T AR R A N GE M E N T F O R K I TCH E N D E VI CE S
F nti i ece
A N E X H I B I T O F H OM E M A D E L A B O R SA V IN G D E VI C E S
H OM E MA D E DRIE R S R E A D Y F O R USE
ASSE M B L E D M A T E R I A L F O R B UIL D IN G A FI R E L E SS COO KE R
R O LLE R T R A Y WA G ON I NCLU D IN G COMPA R TM E N T FO R CH INA A N D A D R A WE R
F O R SIL VE R A N D L IN E N
I C E L E SS R E F R I GE R A T O R
SE WIN G SC R E E N
A PO R TA B L E POUL T RY H OUS E SH O WIN G TH E E X TE RIO R A N D I N TE R IO R
ro
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C H UR N I N G
D RA WI N G
TH E
P R E SSIN G
TH E
CU R D
SE
N E C E SSA RY E Q UI PME N T US E D IN C H E E SE
M O UL D I N G
TH E
CHE E
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-
IN G
MAK
s
I N T R O D UC T I O N
B Y P R E SI D E N T
State
p
Normal
J U L I A N A B U R R U SS
School f o r
.
Women
H
,
arri s onb u rg
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Va
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N 0 h ase o f modern s oc i al development has rece iv ed m ore
attention in recent years th a n that o f ou r rural population
Advances have been striking along all lines o f country l i fe I t
would however be too much to say that the interests o f women
and thei r work in the home have received the attention pro erly
due them F requently f armer s o f the highe s t type will equip
their farms with the late s t and be s t implement s and machinery
fo r thei r wor k and yet will fail to provide thei r homes with
equipment equally as e s sential and de s i r able for the work O f
the women members O f thei r households W omen s organiza
tion s and the agents O f the Home D emonstration Wor k together
with other agencies have done much to direct attention along
thi s v ery impo rtant line and in many communities labor saving
device s O f a mo s t ingenious character have been de v eloped
Wh a t i s good for one busy hou s ew i f e is not too good for
another and it is a go od rul e to push a good th i ng along f o r
W ith thi s in V ie w the author has gathered
th e be ne fit o f others
together numerou s inventions o f home made device s o f a la bo r
saving and e fficie ncy increasing k ind and describes them i n th i s
little v olume SO that all to whom it may come may have the
opportunity to ma k e such contrivances or modifications o f them
for thei r own use I n doin g this the author has not merely
had i n her m ind her own State but h as sought to recognize the
V iewpoints o f women in a s many other State s as po s s ible
The author is peculiarly fitted for the tas k she has set hersel f
As Assistant State Agent f or H ome D emonstration Wo nk i n
V i rginia under the direction O f the U nited States D epartment o f
Agriculture and a s s u ervi s or and communit y wor k e r f or a
n um ber o f y ears i n v ar i o u s r u ra l di str i ct s be f o re assu mi ng the
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13
I N TR OD UC TION
14
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d u t i es of h er present osition s h e h as h ad abundant f acilities
for becomin g familiar wi th the condit i ons prev a i ling in country
home s H av i ng maintained s ympatheti c relationships wi th coun
try women f or many years she knows the i r problems and their
needs and she i s also f amilia r with the sources f ro m which help
ma y be drawn
There can be no real i mprovement I n soc i al l i f e i n the country
unles s there is leisure time to be de v oted to upli f ting cultural
and recreational purposes The only way i n wh i ch t h is may
be obta i ned i s by means o f labor s aving and time saving a li
T h e a rticles here de s cribed are intensel y practical and
a nce s
may be read i ly made i n any h o me at a nom i na l cost T o ma k e
two bl ades o f grass grow w h ere one f ormerly grew is cer tai n
ly
a very v aluable achievement ; but to s ave mu s cles and nerv es
and to give t i me and energy f or mental and s o cial and sp i ritual
development i s f ar more valuable and de s i rable I f the in forma
tion given in this boo k serves to lighten the burden an d s h orten
t h e daily drudgery o f a s i ngle h ousew i f e i ts publica t i on w i ll be
j ust i fied ; and i t s h ould find a co rdial recept i on i n a m ul t i t u d e
o f h o m es
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HOM E
L AB OR SAV IN G
DEV I C E S
KITC H E N
W AL L
C ON VE N I E N C E S
C AB I N ET F O R
A
M
D
E
(
F
17
T H E KITC H E N
R O M D R Y G O O D S B O X E S)
A com fort to the housewi fe is a kitchen c abinet containing
di f ferent compartments for s pices and such acce s s o ries necessary i n
cookin g It is made o f boxe s and should be put at s ome place
conveni ent to the work table s o the woman will not have to move
to get the s e things when preparing a meal I t s u rely f ulfil s the
”
"
A place f or everything and e ve ryth ing in its place
O ld adage
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M A TE RI A LS
I box o f the required dimen s ion s to b u ild the body
1 2 s alt boxe s u s ed a s drawer s in the compartment s
lb 8 penny nail s to be u s ed in the con truction O f the cabinet
1 2 round head s crew s to be u s ed a s knob s
Sandpaper and s tain
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DIMENSION S
B ody : I
deep X
wide X
Sh e lv es : 4 piece s
thick X 454 wide X
D ra w e rs : 12 s alt boxe s 4 X 4 X 4
b o x 4 94
"
”
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"
"
l ong
long
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HO M E
18
LA BOR SA VIN G
D E VI C E S
D I RE C T ION S
R emo ve the s ide s from the box making them the exact length O f the
in s ide o f the box D raw a line acro s s the bottom and the end s o f the bo x
about 2 from the edge O f the s ide s Nail the s ide s to the bottom and
the end s o f the box about 2 from the edge o f the s ide s w i th out s ide face s
Plane and s andpaper the edge s u ntil they are s mooth
o n pencil line
Nail the s helve s in at equal di s ta nce s apart to make fo u r compartment s o f
equal s ize Place three o f the s alt boxe s in e ach co mpartment Sand
paper s tain and poli s h
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K IT C H E N C O N V E N I E N C E S
19
I R O N I N G B O AR D
This i roning board i s a very great s tep saver I t is always
ready and i n place I t is fa s tened to th e wall at the most con
When
v e nie nt place and adj u s ted to suit the one who i s to us e it
not in us e it can be folded up and hinged again s t the wall out o f
the w ay The leg is hinged to the i roni n g b o ard and falls into
po s ition w h en the board is li fted Skirts may be e a sil y ironed
without changing the position o f the l e g
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M A TE R I A LS
8 o f p i ne
3 3 plain s teel ( b u tt ) hinge s
No 1 2 fia t head s crew s
2 % do z I %
2 y d s o f white cotton flannel
2 % y ds
unbleached mu s lin
2 piece s o f cotton tape
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DIM E NSION S
thick X 1 4 wide X 3 long to be u s ed a s top o f board
1 piece 1
thick X 4 wide X 10 long to be u s ed a s a board s trip
1 piece 1
thi ck X 2 wi d e X 4 long to be fa s tened to the wall to hold
2 piece s 1
the board in po s ition
thick X 4 wide X 1 4 long to be u s ed a s a wall s trip
1 piece 1
thick X 4 wide X 4 long t o be u s ed a s brace for board
1 piece 1
t h ick X 4 wide X 8 long to be u s ed a s brace s upport
1 piece 1
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DIRE CT IONS
Plane the top o f the board ( I X 1 4 X
o n the s moothe s t Side
With
a radi u s o f
lay o ut a s emi circle at the middle o f o ne end o f the
board a s s hown i n illu s tration T hi s may be done with a compa s s o r with
a s tring and e ncil Make the other end O f the board s quare with one edge
T W O fee t from each end make a mark o n each edge and draw a s traight
line from each o f the s e mark s tangent to the s emi circle Saw along
the s e line s s moothing the edge s with the plane Fa s ten the wall s trip
"
to thi s top with 2 No 3 ( butt ) hinge s
B ore 3
hole s
(I X 4 X
through the board s trip ( 1 X 4 X
and fa s ten it to the bottom o f
"
the top at a di s tance o f 3 4 from the wall s trip T h e brace ( I X 4 X
is fa s tened to the board s trip with one N O 3 ( butt ) hinge
hole s are
bored through the wall s trip and it is fa s tened at a convenient height
to the wall with 3 flat head s crew s A fter bor i ng 3 V hole s through
the brace s upport ( I X 4 X
it is s crewed to the wall with 3 flat
head s crew s Place thi s s upport directly below the wall s trip and at s uch
a di s tance fro m it to mak e the board level when the brace is in po s ition
"
B o re 2
hole s in o ne o f the p i ece s mea s u rin g 1 X 2 X
and o ne hole
th ro u gh the other piece Fold the board up again s t the wall and fa s ten
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HOM E
20
LA BOR SA V I N G
D E VI C E S
the piece with the two hole s to the wall j u s t a little to one s ide o f the board
and 2 above the wall s trip The other piece with one hole is fa s tened t o
thi s piece to hold the ironing board in po s ition
The covering may be made of cotton flannel or an O ld blanket Allow
2
on the s ide s and the end to be turned under after it h a been cut the
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s
4
1
£
1
l
;
44
‘
A‘
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Shape o f the board T hi s mu s t be tack ed firm l y and s moothly on the
board The ironing s heet may be made o f unbleached mu s lin or an old
s
on
the
ide
s
Thi s is al s o cut the hape o f the board allowing 4
s heet
and end for the hem Attach piece o f tape to the oppo s ite s ide s about
10 a art to tie the sh eet on th e b oard
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KITC H E N
C O N VE N I E N C E S
J E L L Y STRA I N E R
NO
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21
I
An O ld chai r I s generally u s ed to hang the j ell y bag o ver
while the j uice is d rip ping A s a s ub s titute the device s hown
in the following illu s tration is s ugge s ted a s being more co n
It not only provide s a place
ve nie nt and sanitary in every way
for the bag to hang but it al s o h a s a s hel f on which the pan sit s
to cat ch the drippings from the bag The legs are adj ustable ;
hence it is ea s ily taken apart and kept in a s mall s pace Thi s
make s the s trainer e s pecially convenient to the C anning C lub
Agent a s s h e goe s her daily round s teaching the housekeepe r s the
art o f j elly making It can be ea s ily made at home and at a
little co s t
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M A TE R I A LS
3 poplar
1 2 No 1 0 s crew s
t o fa s ten the adj u s table leg s to the s helve s
8 N O 9 s crew s
t o fa s ten brace s to the top o f s trainer
I yd white flannel for the j elly bag
1 piece o f white tape t o make loop s on bag
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22
HOM E
LA BOR SA VIN G
D E VI C E S
HOM E
LA BOR SA VIN G
J E LL Y STRAI N E R
,
D E VI C E S
NO
2
.
While thi s j elly strainer is unique and use fu l i n i ts con
It is made o f poplar at a minimum
s t ruction it is not adj u s table
co s t A round the t0 edge are arranged little br as s hook s
The s e are put at equal di s tan c e s apart A t the lower end o f the
trough two plug s are put one above the other through which the
j elly j uice flow s out into a pan placed beneath the plugs
p
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The j e l ly bag i s made o f an oblong piece o f flannel with
rings sewed around the edges s o as to hang the bag on th e
h o ok s around the top o f the f rame
M A TE RI A LS
4 o f poplar
to fa s ten handle s on the Side s
4 N O 9 crew s
1 6 N O 1 0 s crew s
to fa s ten end s on the s ide s
to fa s ten the s ide s together at the botto m
5 No 1 0 s crew s
1 4 bra s s cup hook s arranged around the top edge s
1 4 W hite ivory ring s to be s ewed on j elly ba g
I yd white flannel for j elly ba g
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KIT C H E N
D
C ON VE N I E N C E S
Q5
IMENSION S
piece s 1 thick X 1 2 w i de X
l on g
wide X I 7 % long
E nds : 2 piece s 1 thick X
wide X 4 long
H a ndl es : 2 piece s 1 thick X z
P lug s : 2 piece s 1 thick X 1 wide X 3 long
Sides :
2
.
”
”
f
"
.
"
z
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"
”
.
DIR ECT IO NS
fro m
Sa w the two end piece s according t o the i llu s tration Mea s u re
the bottom o f each end and cut them o ut
to fit s ide s ( I thick ) plac
ing the s ide s
from the outer s ide o f the end piece s Mea s ure equal
"
fro m the to
s pace s from each s ide o f the end s and put the handle s I V
edge B ore two hole s 54 in diameter near the bottom o f the end to fit
"
the plugs B evel the two s ide s ( I X 1 2 X
at t h e b ottom s o a s to
make a tight and neat j oint Screw the end piece s to the s ide s Screw
the bra s s cup hook s at eq u al di s tance s apa rt around the to edge o f th e
s trainer
.
”
p
.
z
.
"
.
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p
.
LA BOR SA VIN G
HOM E
96
DI S H
D E VI C E S
D RA I N E R
The wor k o f dish washing is greatly red u ced by the use o f a
di s h drainer The di s hes are care fully washed and arranged in
the drainer and boiling water poured over them When they
are dry they can be put away or allowed to stand wi th a clean
cloth thrown over them until ready to use
Thi s di s h drainer resembles a box in s hape put on legs with
s lat s placed inside at equal d istances apart ma k ing the compart
ments to hold the di s he s The s pace in front i s made a little
larger to accommodate the i rregular dishes An experienced
housewi f e will know that gla s sware and silverware cannot be
dried by thi s method A hole i s made in one corner O f t h e
drainer through which the water drains o ff into a pai l which is
kept under the corner
-
.
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
.
.
M A TERI A LS
1 6 O f white pine
lb o f 4 penny nail s f o r nailing s lat s in bo x
lb O f 8 enny nail s for nailing box on the leg s
o f s heet zinc to cover the in s ide o f drainer
4 o f half galvani z ed pipe f o r drainage t u be
I drainage pail
Sandpaper
1 can o f white paint
1 can o f white ena me l
’
p
.
-
.
-
.
.
.
.
”
-
.
.
.
.
.
D IMENSIONS
piece 1 thick X 2 4 w i de X 2 6 lon g
Sid es : 2 piece s 1 thick X 8 wide X 2 6 long
2 piece s 1
thick X 8 wide X 2 4 long
L eg s : 4 piece s 1 thick X 4 wide X 3 6 long for bac k le g s
4 piece s 1 thick X 4 wide X 3 5 long for front leg s
thick X 1 W ide X 2 4 long
Slo ts : 2 piece s
6 piece s
thic k X 1 W ide X 2 6 lon g
B o t t om :
1
.
”
”
”
.
"
"
”
.
"
”
"
,
”
"
.
”
,
.
”
"
.
”
"
.
D IRE CT IONS
Make a p i ne box whic h is 8 deep and 2 4 X 2 6 long Th e j oint s m u s t
be laid in white lead in order to make the drainer water tight Nail 2
lat s
thick X 1 wide X 2 4 long down flat from the front to the
back o f the box at the outer edge T he s e are u s ed a s upport s for the
other cro s s w i s e s lat s and al s o allow the water to run u nder the s lat
.
.
s
”
"
.
s
s
.
K IT C H E N C ON V E N I E N C E S
p
27
from the back o f the box
Nail 4 s lat s o n the s e s up ort s beginning
”
and ma k ing a dis tafI ce o f
between each s lat Thi s will leave a 9
s pace in front o f the box for the irregular di s he s
The fr o nt leg s are
made o f the four p i ece s I thick X 4 wide X 3 5 long and the back
,
.
.
"
,
leg s are I th ick X 4
drainage Th e drainer
the drain pipe is placed
before the s lat s are p u t
wide X 36 d e ep T hi s sl ant p rovide s f o r the
s hould be tipped a little to the corner in which
I f z inc is to be u s ed f or lining it m u s t be done
into the bo x
"
.
.
.
,
.
H O M E LA B O R SA VIN G
D E VI C E S
D I S H RA C K
A r ac k m ade o f po plar with several compartments to accom
mo da te dishe s O f di f ferent s ize s
The large platter s are put i n the largest upright spaces the
dinner plate s being arranged in the m iddle Sized s pace s with th e
It may be placed
s malle r plate s and s aucer s in the top s paces .
at a convenient place in the kitchen or dining room s o as to s ave
the hou s ekee e r unnece s s ary s tep s M orti s e and tenon j oint s
will make a more s ub s tantial rack but the s e are not neces s ary
The part s may be nai led together
A f te r j oining the parts
together sandpaper paint white and enamel
,
.
,
-
,
p
.
.
.
,
.
,
M A TE R I A LS
poplar
1 2 N O 6 nail s to nail o n the t o
4 5 No 44 box nail s for nailing on upright piece s
for nailing tenon s in morti s e
5 0 No 1 6 wire brad s
2 N o 9 s crew s I V
to s crew the ba s e o n the rack
Sandpaper for dre s s ing the rack
1 pt W hite paint
1 pt enamel
p
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
"
.
z
,
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
DIM ENSIO N S
thick X
p
p
piece
thick X
wide X 33 long
"
2
s 94
I %
W ide X 30 lon g
B o tto m : 2 piece s 94 thick X I % wide X 3 0 long
I piece 1 thick X
W ide X 12 long for ba s e
M id d le : 2 piece s 94 thick X 1
wide X 2 1 long
E nds : 2 piece s
thick X
wide X 2 4 long
C ros s ie ces : 2 piece s 94 thic k X
wide X 3 long to be u s ed a s top
o f rack
2 piece s 94
thick X 3 wide X 3 long to be u s ed a s bottom o f rack
U rig h t ie ces : 1 6 piece s V thick X
wide X 2 6 long to be u s ed
a s s ide piece s 8 on each s ide
"
2 piece s 94
thick X
wide X
long
To
:
r
ie ce
94
.
"
.
”
.
”
”
.
"
1
p
pp
"
2
.
"
.
”
”
.
.
"
”
2
.
.
D I R E CT IONS
Morti s e the two end piece s
Nail the t wo cro s p i ece s
t o fit tenon
m ea s uring
X1
X 3 t them Make
morti e s on the two
top piece s 0 4 X 3 X
T he s e morti e s are made 3 from the end
and the two piece s nailed to cro s s piece s Screw o n the bottom board ( I
s
.
1
"
”
2
o
s
.
"
s
.
”
,
KIT C H E N C ON V E N I E N C E S
29
HOM E
30
LA BOR SA VI N G
D E VI C E S
p
X
X 12 wit h
N o 9 s crew s
Mort i s e t h e 4 to and b otto m
piece s
X I % X 30
from th étop and bottom and nail them
lengthwi s e o n the rack T h e t wo middle piece s 0 4 X I % X
are
morti s ed and nailed I I from the top edge o f the bottom piece The
upright piece s
X
X
are nailed 9 from the le ft s ide
Nail the eight u pright piece s
X
X
on each s ide with N o 4
box nail s T h e top piece ( 54 X
is nailed on the top o f the
X
rac k
Sandpaper pa i nt and ename l
.
.
H
"
"
.
.
”
.
.
.
.
,
.
HO M E
LA B OR
SA V IN G D E VI C E S
KIT C H E N
C O N VE NI E N C E S
33
X 2 10 is then
the s traight edge Th e bottom piece ( I X I 1 1
opening in the front
nailed to the back and s ide s Cut out a 4 X I
X2
for the drawer and then nail the front to
piece ( I X 1
the ide s and bottom Take the piece which h a s been cut out and hinge
it to the opening a s s hown in the ill u s tration
Nail the back and top
partition s in thi s opening before the s lanting partition which divide s thi s
divi s on f rom the coal bin is put in Mea s ure 9 from the back o f the
coal box and put the s traight partition ( I X 2 1 X I
in by nail
ing it to the bottom and s ide s of th e coal box Then the s lanting parti
tion ( I X 2 2 X 1
is nailed to the bottom and front edge o f the
box a s s hown in the illu s tration Cut an opening ( 9 X 1
in the top
X
X
I
1
2
and then nail top on the box u s ing the piece which
9
9
4
(
is cut out for the door to the opening
H inge thi s piece on with o ne pair
I %
of
X
X1
is
( butt ) hinge s The door s u pport
"
nailed on the in s ide O f the back o f the box B evel the piece ( I X 1 7
X2
for the s lanting door I t mu s t fit each edge a s s hown in the
illu s tration H inge thi s door at the upper edge O f the top with o ne pair
of
( butt ) hinge s O ne s creen door handle is put o n each opening t o
li ft them The fo u r ca s tor s are placed on the bottom of each corner o f
the bo x to make it more ea s ily moved abo u t Stain o r paint the coal box
'
1
.
”
”
'
2
’
.
”
'
’
s
.
.
”
i
.
"
’
.
”
’
”
'
”
’
.
"
"
’
’
,
.
"
'
.
"
.
’
.
’
.
.
.
.
.
.
HOM E
34
HO M E
A
LA BOR SA VIN
G D E VI C E S
M A D E C O O K ST O V E D RI E R
-
Th i s apparatu s is de s i gned to us e on a wo od or coal s tove
an oil s tove or a gas range It can be ea s ily and inexpen s ively
made at h ome
.
,
.
M A T ERI A LS
12
o f poplar fo r the frame
1 4 lb s black s heet s teel 2 7 gauge to cover frame
me s h for s helve s
9 s q ft galvani z ed W ire cloth about
—
lb
V
4 penn y nail s
I hook and eye to fa s ten door
2
s
s mall hinge s for the door
DIMEN SIONS
”
F ra me : 4 piece s 1 M X I % X 2 3
Sid es : 4 piece s I % X 1 M x
F r o nt : 2 piece s
X 1M x 11
B a ck : 2 piece s
X I% X
Su orts : 6 piece s 1 X 2 M x
T ray s : 1 2 piece s
X
X
X 94 X
1 2 piece s 94
DIRE CT IONS
”
X 23
four
T h e frame con s i s t s o f four wooden po s t s
I %
”
X I% X
X
t wo front piece s
s ide piece s
X 21
T o the po s t s are lightly
and t w o back piece s
nailed on each s id e s ix s trip s ( I X
X
T h e s e piece s s erve
T h e corner s are notched out a s in
a s s upport s for th e drying rack s
d ica te d in the drawing t o allow the s trip s to extend out to the outer wall
o f the drier
X 23
Fo
each s ide us e a s heet o f light weight s heet s teel
for
the back a s heet
for the top a
I n the top piece an opening about 3 X 1 0 is cut about four inche s from
the back edge to permit the e s cape o f moi s t ai r I t may be found at
time s that thi s ventilating opening is too large T hen it may be partially
clo s ed by placing over it a tin pan or other ve s s el
Fo r the bottom a s heet
is u s ed
Thi s s heet is thoro u ghly
per forated with hole s to admit the warm air Another piece of s heet
is provided to make the heat
s teel ( A on the drawing )
x
s pread more evenly
T hi s piece re s t s o n wire s above the bottom o f th e
drier T he s e wire s are put through s mall hole s punched in the Sid e
s heet s ( s e e B on drawing )
The door is made o f heavier gauge s he et s teel
X 23
T h e leg s are made o f four piece s o f s heet s teel bent on an angle a s indi
cat e d in the drawing
’
.
.
.
2
,
,
.
.
.
.
p
r
.
.
.
.
”
"
”
"
p
p
"
”
‘
”
"
.
.
r
"
.
.
.
.
.
-
.
.
.
.
K IT C H E N C O N V E N I E N C E S
35
All the s heet s teel part s may be ta cked on the frame but the door which is
s ecured by hinge s
wide and
long
The frame s O f the s ix tray s are made o f 94 wood
Make the bottom o f the tray s o f wire cloth ( 2 0 % X
T hi s is
tacked on t h e under s ide o f the frame o f the tray s
,
.
.
"
.
By re ferring to the drawing it will be ob s erved that the bottom
tray is s hoved back a s far a s it will go ; the next tray above is
pulled a s f ar front as the door wi ll admit ; th e next tray is s hoved
back and so on with each tray s h o ving one to the back and pulling
the other to the f r o nt The obj ect o f thi s arrangement is to allow
the heat to pass over and around the end s whic h c au s e s a more
rapid movement o f the ai r current T h i s is more important in
drying than the heat
It may be nece s s ary to s hi ft the tray s by putting th e top one o n
ro c
th e bottom and the bottom one on the top during the drying
e s s s o as to dry the products more uni f ormly
.
.
p
.
.
36
HOM E
LA BOR SA VIN G
-
D E VI C E S
H OM E
38
L AB OR SAV IN G
D E VI C E S
M A TE R I A L S
deep X
w ide X 3 2 l ong
1 pack i ng b o x 2 4
S
s
butt
hinge
with
1 pair 2
(
A, crew s to fa s ten o n top
)
l b 8—
penny nai l s to mak e box
Sandpa p er and s tain
”
.
,
”
”
s
.
.
.
.
D IM E N SION S
p
deep X
wide X 32 long
T o : 1 piece 94 thick X 1 8 wide X 3 2 long
long
thick X 2 wide X
L eg s : 4 piece s
thick
X
wide
X
long
s
piece
4
3
4
C lea ts : 2 piece s
thick X 3 W ide X 1 5 long
thick X 3 wide X 2 9 long
H ing e Stri : 1 p i ece
B o dy :
1
b ox
24
”
.
”
.
"
.
"
p
.
”
"
.
”
.
DIRE CTIONS
M ake the l eg s 4 longer than the depth o f the box after the cover h as been
remo ved and nail the m on the b ox Make the cover 2 wider and 2
longer than the o u t s ide length and width o f the box Place each cleat
about 3 from the end o f the cove r and nail o n the cover H in g e s are
put 5 fro m each end o f the b ox Sandpaper s tain and po l i s h
"
”
.
,
.
”
.
”
.
,
.
KITC H E N
C ON VE NI E N C ES
39
FI RE L E S S C OO KE R
T h e re are m any ad v antages in h a vi ng a fireles s coo k e r in t h e
home I t not onl y saves time and f uel but k eeps the woma n fr o m
standing over the h ot fire and there are m any f oods tha t are
better when cooked at a lo wer tem e ratu re The principl e o f
the fire le s s cooker i s to ret a in the heat by bo i ling the fo o d in a
ve s sel with a tight cover and placing it in the cooker in the same
vessel t h us k eeping the heat f rom escaping An o ut s ide con
ta ine r may be made to accommodate one or more coo k ing v essel s
A cheap but e f ficient fire les s cooker may be made o f a tigh tly bu ilt
wooden box a barrel o r a tin lard can as s hown in t h e illustra ti o n
I f the out s i de container is o f wood it m u s t be lined on the inside
with a s bestos or heavy paper to keep out the air
The ne s t may be a galvanized or tin bucket o f a size which
wi ll admit o f three inches o f p a cking between th e outside con
h
i
de
and
bottom
o
f
the
nest
are
covered
e
s
t a ine r and the nest
S
T
with asbe sto s to p revent th e scorching or the bu rning o f th e
pac k ing
Th e pac k ing must be o f some material through which the heat
cannot e asily e s cape C or k sawdust excelsio r hay o r s hredded
newspape r may be u s ed to an advantage Three inche s o f thi s
packing is put tightly in the botto m o f the outsid e container and
around the sides to fill in t h e space between th e o utside container
a nd the nest
A four inch s pace is le f t at the top o f the fire le s s qo ok e r in
whi ch a cu s hion made o f unb leached cotton or s ome ot h er ma
te al is Stu f f ed with the pa cking and placed to make the c oo k er
i
r
fié
C ut two circles out O f the unbleached cotton and a
arr tight
three inch s traight piece to j oin th e circle s together A hot s o ap
s tone s tove plate or bric k is placed i n the bottom o f the nest be f ore
the food ves s el is placed i n the firele s s cooker The f oo d ve s s el
may be any cooking utensil with a top that will fit in the ne s t
a fter the soapstone h a s been put in C ut a cirCle o f tin or card
board to fit top o f inside o f cook er with an open i ng th e size o f
the nest T hi s g i ves a go od fini s h to the top o f th e fire le s s c ooker
and preserv es th e pac k ing
.
p
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
-
-
.
"
-
.
,
-
.
‘
.
.
.
'
40
HOM E
LA BOR SA VIN G
D E VI C E S
K IT C H E N C ON V E N I E N C E S
M A TER I A L S
X 24
1 lard can 1 8
X 15
1 lard can 1 2
excel s ior
4 lb
1 yd a s be s to s
yd u nbleached cotton
1 s oap s tone
I s heet cardboard
41
,
”
s
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
DIM E NSIO N S
O uts id e C o ntaine r :
X
N es t : 12
C o ok ing V es s el :
X
18
X
24
13
D IR E CTIONS
Place 3 o f e x ce ls io in the botto m o f th e Ou t s i de conta i ner ( 18 X 2 4
a nd p ac k it down tightly
Cover the bottom and s ide s o f the ne s t ( 1 2
X
with a be s to s T hen place ne s t in the out s ide container hold
ing it in place while 3 o f packing is put tightly between the o u t s ide
container and ne s t Cut the cardboard circle to fit in ide o f the top o f
o u t s ide container w i t h an opening to fit the top o f the ne s t and put o n
top to give a g ood fini s h and to pre erve the packing Make the cu hion
f o r the top o f the u nbleached cotton by cuttin g two circle s wi th 3 s trip
to j oin them together
Th en pac k the c u s hion tightl y w i th the s ame
packing E na mel the cook er
‘
r
-
”
.
s
.
s
.
'
s
s
.
"
.
.
.
HOM E
42
LA BOR SA VIN G
D E VI C E S
Th
n t
l d
c n n i nt b m y b us d nd ny n f c n n i nt s i suc h
T h sp
c n s sh d b w p
d W th b ut 4 5 l y s f s b s t s p
c und t h c n s sh uld
p
p
f t h c n s s h uld b
s t n h s nd fi ll d W t h s t w w d s h n g s t T h t p
b
t l
d wi t h
sh i n g s t
d fill d wi t h s t w
a
e a
e re
A ny
o ul
ea
ve
o
p
ra
e
2 I
a
a
c
ox
e
e
e
,
e
a
a
a
i
e
ra
e
o
or
a
l
ra
or
or
av
ca
a
a
e
er
o
oo
,
e c.
a
o
e
a vi
o
ve
o
a
,
e
ze ,
e
er .
e c.
as a
e
a
o
o
ar
e
e a ro
e
ca
a
o
,
a
e
e c.
o
e c ov
44
H OM E LA B OR SA V IN G
C
D EVI C ES
piece s 1 thick X I wide X 14 long to s upport the d raw er
1 piece 1
thick X
wide X
long to be u s ed a s front to drawer
1 piece
thick X
wide X
long to be u s ed a s back o f drawer
2 piece s
thick X
wide X I 3 V long to be u s ed a s s ide o f drawer
1 piece
thick X 1 5 wide X
long to be u s ed a s bottom o f
drawer
1 piece V
thick X
wide X
long to be u s ed a s partition in
drawer
lea ts :
"
2
,
.
"
,
.
,
.
"
2
_
,
.
,
.
”
2
,
.
Sh e lf
s
1
:
hel f
helf
2
thick X
15
wide X
long to be u s ed
,
as
botto m o f
piece s
1
”
thick X
I
%
”
wide X
12
long to s upport end s
,
of
.
B ra c k e ts :
f or
1
.
B ra c es :
s
piece
p i ece s
2
wheel
.
1
thick X 8 wide X
8
”
l ong to be u sed
,
as
a s uppo rt
Ro
ll
er
t
ra
y wa g
o
n in l ud in g
,
c
co
m
pt
ar
me
nt f
or C
hin
a a nd a
d
ra
w e r f or
sil
v e r a nd
lin n
e
DI N I N G ROO M
C ON VE N I E N C E S
45
D IRECT IONS
and round each end i n the s hape o f a
T ake the 2 s ide s ( 1 X 5 X
half circle boring a 1 hole in each end of s ide piece to hold handle s
Morti e
Fit bottom on in s ide of b ox and nail it
(I X 1 X
X
Make a
from the top o f the leg to fit cro s piece s 1 X
M morti e on the leg s 9 from the bottom f or the s u ppor t o f the bottom
helf M ea ure
from the top o f the leg to put tenon f o r the front
drawer u pport Con truct the O ppo ite end o f the table in the s ame w ay
howing the lid and handle Should be fa s tened
T h e upper top o f table
I n making the frame for the drawer
to top after the table i made
deep X
wide X
long nail the front and back to the ide s
Th en nail the botto mo f the drawer t o the in s ide o f thi s frame wi t h
one partition nailed cro s wi e the center o f the drawer Place handle s
on the front o f th e drawer about 3 from each end Screw on th e 2
Cut
iece placed 9 from botto m f the leg with
N o 10 s c e ws
the bottom s helf out
at each corner fit to the leg s and s crew T hi s
helf mu t be s tationary B racket 1 X 8 X
are s crewed on at one
end o f the hel f to be u ed a s s u pport to which the wheel s are fa s tened
T h e drawer may be u s ed for Silverware and to keep the linen
The
ide u s ed for ilverware hould be lined with felt o outing Th e table
s hould b e well dre s s ed by s andpapering s taining and poli h i ng it
D o not
varni h it b eca u s e t h i s doe s not mak e s o att ract i ve a table a s the mi s s i o n
"
,
"
"
s
.
s
s
"
s
"
,
"
s
s
.
s
.
s
s
.
s
,
,
s
.
,
s
,
s
s
p
.
"
.
"
s
o
s
s
s,
.
s
s
r
.
,
a
,
,
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”
s
.
.
s
s
s
r
,
s
s ta
in
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.
,
.
s
.
HOM E
46
LAB OR SA VI N G
D E VI C E S
SI D E B O AR D
DE
M
A
(
OF
D RY
G O O D S B O X E S)
A uni que art i cle made o f dry g oo d s boxes w hi ch may be used
i n the d ining room as a s idebo ard o r i n th e k itchen as a cupboard
Two dry good s boxes are j oined together to make the l o wer
section one end on each box being removed to be used a s she l v es
in the s ideboard The upper s ecti o n wi th its three s helves is
made f r o m pieces o f other boxe s O n two o f the s helves bras s
hoo k s are arranged at equal di s tance s apart on which the cup s
hang A groove m ay be made under the l o we r s hel f and on the
top s hel f in which the small plate s and s auce rs rest
T h e two
d rawers made according to dimension s and out o f p i eces o f
boxes can be lined with felt or outing flannel to hold th e s i l v er
w are
Attractive curtain s may be made o f s ome Stiitable ma
This is especiall y
t e ria l and hung in f ront o f the uppe r s ection
an interest i ng problem f or boys in a school to wor k out
,
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,
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,
,
,
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.
M A TERI A LS
3 large boxe s f o r lower and upper s ection s
3 s mall boxe s t o be u s ed for drawer s
2 pair s 1
( bu tt ) hinge s to fa s ten door s
lb 6 penny nail s to build s ideboard
2 metal knob s t o b e u s ed o n lower door s
2 4 bra s
cup and s aucer hook s
2 han d bolt s to be u s ed o n front o f drawer s
Sandpaper and s tain
s
ideb oard
.
.
1
"
2
.
-
.
.
.
s
.
.
.
D I M E N SI O N s
L ower Section
:
b oxe s 1 3 deep X
wide X 2 6 long
Sh e lves : 2 piece s 1 thick X 1 2 wide X 2 4 long
C le ts : 4 piece s
thick X 94 wide X 1 2 long to be u s ed u nde r th e
s helve s
D o ors : 4 piece s 94 t hi c k X 2
wide X 2 6 long to beu s ed for u p ri gh t
p i ece s
4 piece s 94 thick X 2 wide X 8 long t o be u s ed a s cro s s piece s
2 piece s
thi ck X 9 wide X 2 3 long t o be u e d as panel s
"
L eg s : 4 p i ece s
thic k X 2 34 W i de X 36 l ong
"
t h i ck X 2 % Wi de X 36 l ong
4 p ie ces
B ody :
2
.
.
a
,
,
.
,
.
”
,
.
"
s
,
”
.
.
°
.
D IN I N G ROO M
2 6
"
C ON VE N I E N C E S
47
HOM E
48
LA BOR SAV I N G
D EV I C ES
Upper Section
deep X 1 8 wide X 2 6 long
deep X 1 2 wide X 1 8 long
2 s mall boxe s 5
D raw er : 1 box 5 deep X 1 8 wide X 2 4 lon g
B ody :
1
box 5
.
”
”
”
.
”
.
D IRE CT I O N S
B oxe which can be mo s t ea s ily converted into the de s ired s ection s mu s t
X
are j oined together to
be elected Two boxe ( 1 3 X
form the body o f the lower s ection f the s ideboard R emove the end s
o f the boxe to be u ed s s helve s u ing the s ide o f a larger box f o r
X
the top o f thi s ection T h e helve are fa s tened in by 4 cleat
X 1 2 nailed cro wi e the partition and the ide s of the s ectio n
94
a e
and four s trip s
X
X
Four s trip s ( VJ X 2 M X
taken from the third box to make the leg s o f the cabinet Th door s are
fa s tened on with hinge u ing t wo metal knob in front o f the door s to
”
open them T h e foundation f the upper s ection is made o f a b ox ( 5
deep X 1 8 X
Th three cro s s piece s u s ed a s s helve s are made fro m
the two mall boxe ( 5 X 1 2 X
Make the drawer o f a box
"
putting a partition through the center o f the box and
( 5 X 18 X
o n the i n
s ide i f two drawer s be de ired
Place t wo hand bolt s o n th e
f ront o f h e drawer Sandpaper tain and poli s h the s i deb oa rd
s
s
”
s
.
o
s,
s
s
a
s
s
ss
s
,
.
"
.
s
s
s
.
"
r
,
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s,
e
s
s
O
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”
"
e
s
s
”
”
”
s
t
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,
s
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,
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HOM E
50
LAB OR
SAV IN G DEV I C E S
th e sc h ool I t is made o f oa k and covered with burlap B y
adding to the numbe r o f pieces the thi rd panel may be made
with ea s e
.
.
.
M A TE R I A LS
3 feet o f o ak
M lb 8 penny nail s to be u s ed in making frame
s
s
butt
hinge
with
crew
s
to
j
oin
panel
together
s
I
(
)
3
1 box o f bra s s headed tack s to fa s ten burlap t o frame
Sandpaper and s tain
3 M y d s burlap to cover panel s
.
-
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”
,
,
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-
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.
.
.
DIM E NSION S
F ra me : 4
piece s
6 piece s
piece s
thick X
1
1
wide X
5
’
long
,
to
be u s ed
f or
u pr i ght
.
1
thick X
1
wide X
2
'
long to be u s ed for cro s s piece s
,
.
.
DI RE CT I O N S
Mea s ure and s a w the piece s according to required d i men s ion s C u t the
j oint s and nail the three cro s s piece s to the t wo upright piece s Make the
other panel in the s ame way and j oin the two together with the three
hinge s Sandpaper s tain and poli s h the frame A fter it h as dried
thoroughly cover it with the b u rlap o n the o u t s ide t a ck in g thi s on with
t h e b ra s s h eaded tack s
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-
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C H A PTE R III
P O R C H E Q UIPM E N T
I C E L E SS R E F RIG E R A T O R
NO
1
.
C ountry
homes without i ce hou s es and too far f rom town to
have acce s s to manu factured ice may have an iceless re frigerato r
This convenience compri s es a s imple wooden
a s a good sub s titute
—
f rame with a covering o f canton flannel burlap I ndian head
clot h or linen cra s h made to fit s o that little ai r is ad m
itted into it
Wicks made o f the s ame material a s the Cover a re tacked on top
o f each s ide o f the cover and extend over into the pan o f water
sitting on top O f the f rame Thi s water is ta k en up by the wicks
and carried down on the s ide s o f the cover by capillar y attraction
when evaporation ta k es place draw i ng the heat f rom the ins i de
and lowering t h e temperature The more rapid the evapo ration
t h e lower the tempe rature Tests have shown that i f the re frig
c rator i s k ept in a place whe re the ai r ci rculate s around it f reely
a te m perature o f 5 0 degrees Fa h ren h e i t m ay be obt ai ned
.
,
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,
,
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,
.
M A T ERI A L S
white pine
1 pa i r o f 1 M
( butt ) hinge s to fa s ten the door
gate hook to clo s e s creen door
1 2
M lb 5 penny nail s to build frame
3 M y d s wire s creening to cover frame
4 s q ft s heet zinc to make s helve s
1 pt white paint
1 can white enamel
1 s quare pan for top o f refrigerator
1 large pan for botto m
Sandpaper
2 card s o f s nap hook s and eye s to put o n cover
5 y d s W hi t e canton flannel
40
’
of
.
”
.
"
.
-
.
.
»
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.
I
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
DIM E NSIONS
piece s
thick X 3 wide X 48 long for upright piece s
1 6 piece s 1
thick X 1 wide X 1 6 long to be u s ed a s cro s s piece s for
top bottom and s helve s
D o or : 2 piece s M thick X 3 wide X 3 9 long for upright piece s
"
th i ck X 1 w i de X 16 l on g f or c ro s s iece s
2 p i ece s 1
Fra me : 4
,
”
"
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”
,
,
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,
”
,
”
”
,
p
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52
HOM E
LA BOR SAVIN G
D EV I C ES
P ORC H E Q UI PM E NT
D
53
IRECT I O NS
Make the frame 3 V2 hi gh wit h twelve cro s s piece s tack ed to the four po s t s
nailing the fir s t 4 s trip s 9 from the bottom o f the frame and the
remaining 8 s trip s abo u t 1 1 apart An I SM s qu are frame is made o f
wood and nailed on to o f the po s t s T h e corner s o f thi s s quare are
mitered o r la ped o ver and tacked together U s e a bi s cu it pan to fit in
top o f the s q u are to hold the water T h e whole refrigerator s hould
s tand in a larger pan which catche s the dripping s fro m the cover and
”
keep s away the in s ect s T h e s creen door is made 3 9 long X 16 wide
which is j oined to the frame with hinge s and fa s ten s with a hook T hree
movable s helve s with per foration s in them are made o f z inc Cove r th e
whole frame with wire s creening to protect i t f ro m the flie s W he n the
frame is fini s hed it s hould be painted white and enameled T h i s will
permit o f its being wa s hed every day A covering o f w hi te canton flannel
is made to fit the s creen with the s mooth Side o ut care b e i n g take n that
the cover come s to the lower edge O f the frame T h e w i ck s are made hal f
the width o f the Side s and tacked o n the to edge o f each s i de T h e s e
mu s t be long eno u gh to extend 3 over into the water Str i p s o f
canton flannel 2 wide are tacked all around the s ide s and the top O f
the frame and the ey e s are s ewed o n the s e White tape may be u s ed
for thi s p u rpo s e if more convenient Se w o ne ro w o f hook s o n the
edge o f the co vering near t h e latch and the other j u s t op p o s i te the open
ing with the hem to extend far enough over o n each s ide t o cover crack
at the edge o f door T hi s permit s the door to be opened without nu
'
,
”
,
p
p
”
”
.
.
.
.
”
,
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.
.
'
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,
p
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”
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”
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,
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,
.
HOM E
54
LA B OR SAV ING
D E VI C E S
fa s tenin g th e h ook s keepin g o ut the w ar m o u t s id e air and at th e s a me
time retaining the cool air in s ide the refrigerator H ook the covering
around the top al s o Place the refrigerator in a s had y place where the
air will circ u late around it f reel y Keep the wick s in a s upply o f fre s h
water in the to pan Th e water is taken down the s ide s by capillary a t
traction and when evaporation take s place the heat is taken from the
in s ide th e re b y l o wering the tempe rature
,
.
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p
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,
.
56
HOM E
L A BOR SAVIN G
D E VI C E S
PORC H
E Q UI PM E NT
57
D I RE CT IONS
Nail the piece ( 2 X 4 X 1 8 on the s ide o f th e s tem making it even
with the bottom piece S w a 2 ba s e out on the ide of the tem and
Mea s ure 2 5 from the
nail the other piece mea s uring 2 X 4 X 18
bottom o f the s tem and nail on 2 cleat s to upport the helf Cut pace
in the center o f piece ( I X 3 2 X 3 2 ) large eno u gh to fit the s tem and
nail it to the cleat thu s making the fir s t helf From thi s point mea ure
20
and nail 2 cleat s o n the tem to upport the s econd s helf ( I X 3 2
X
M ea s u re 1 3 from the top o f the s tem and nail on s hel f ( 1
X 20 X
a fter c u tting an opening ( 2 X
in the center o f s hel f
T h e curtain is m
ade o f 4 width o f the canton flannel mea uring 66 in
length with a draw s tring put at the t o and botto m o f the curtain T hi s
make s the refrigerator d u s t and fly proo f
”
a
.
s
”
”
s
s
s
.
"
”
s
s
s
.
”
s,
”
”
”
s
”
s
”
”
.
s
p
.
"
s
.
p
D E VI C E S
L A BOR SA V IN G
HOM E
58
U M BR E L L A STA N D
A good roblem to be used i n wo odwor k classes i n t h e sc h oo l
or to be made by boys in the h o me I t will be fo und appropri ate
and us e f ul in the reception hall or on the porch I t is built o f
dry good s boxe s with a five cent pan used i n the bottom to cat ch
the drippings from the umbrellas
.
.
-
,
.
M A TE RI A LS
box 9 deep X 12 wide X 30 high
M lb eight penny nail s to make the frame
1 s mall round tin pan t o fit in bottom o f the s tand
Sandpape r a nd s tain
”
1
”
.
-
.
.
.
.
D IM E NSION S
long to b e u s ed a s u p ri gh t p i ece s
4 piece s M thick X 2 M w i de X 30
long to be u s ed a upright piece s
4 piece s M thick X 2 M wide X 30
6 piece s M thick X 3 wide X 1 2
long to be u s ed a cro piece s
6 piece s / thick X 3 wide X 1 1 long to be u s ed a s cro s s piece s
B tt m : 1 p iece 1 2
thick X 12 wide X 1 2 long
”
”
,
"
"
s
,
”
”
”
s
,
I
o
o
ss
.
.
.
"
z
,
”
.
”
.
D IRE CTION S
"
M ake th ree b oxe s o f th e s ixpiece s ( M X 3 X 12 and s ix p i ece s
”
X3
puttin g th e bo ttom 12 Squ are o n th e botto m box to b e
"
,
,
PO R C H E Q UI PM E NT
59
H OM E LA B OR
60
SAV IN G D EVI C E S
u s ed as f oundation o f the frame M ake a h ole i n t hi s b otto m l arge e n ough
T hi s hole Should be cut before nailing the piece
t o hold a round tin pan
the box
Nail the four long piece s ( mea s uring
o n the bottom o f
placing the boxe s
o n the end o f the three boxe s
M X 2M X
Nail four piece s ( mea s uring M X
s even inche s apart on the frame
o n the end s o f the boxe s t o extend one fourth inch over the
2M
X
Sandpaper s ta i n and
fir s t four s trip s which were nailed o n the boxe s
poli s h
.
.
.
”
”
,
"
.
”
-
.
.
,
,
POR C H E Q UI PM E N T
61
B LA C KI N G B O X
A necessary and u s e ful home convenience made o f a box
with a cover made i n two s ections and j oined with hinges I t i s
a time save r to the bu s y hou s ewi fe who h a s to go s o o ften in
search for blacking and poli s h before s h e can get the children
ready f or s chool I t s erve s a s a reminder to the busy f armer
who i s dispo sed to go to t o wn or to church be fore gi v ing his
shoes a dress ing
,
.
-
.
.
M A TE R I A L S
bo x
1
.
V lb s ix penny nail s to con s tr u ct box
1
air 1 M ( butt ) hinge s to fa s ten top
Sandpaper and s ta in
2
p
-
.
.
”
,
.
.
D IMENSIONS
p
deep X 1 3 94 wid e X 1 4M long ( in s ide mea s u rement s )
”
piece s M thick X 8 wide X 6 M long
L eg s : 4 piece s M thick X 1 M wide X 1 3 M long
"
long
1
wide
X
piece
thick
X
1
s
M
3
M
4
B o dy : 5 M
To : 2
”
,
.
”
"
.
"
”
.
”
.
DIRECT ION S
"
R emove the cover from box ( 5 M deep X 1 3 1M X I 4M )
legs on making them s even inche s l onger than the out s ide
box Nail o ne hal f of th e cover on top o f box allowing
evenly all round the edge of the box Fa s ten the other hal f
Sand aper s tain and poli s h
to t h i s hal f w i th hinge s
,
,
.
.
p
.
,
,
.
and nail the
depth o f the
it to proj ect
o f the cover
62
HOM E
LAB OR SAVIN G
DE V I C E S
HOM E
64
L A BOR SA VI N G
D E VI C E S
DIREC TI O N S
T h e bracket s are made any de s ired s hape with a hole a half inch in diame
ter bored in the centre o f each piece A s lit is cut in one bracket from the
hole to the top for the end o f the rod to s lip in and out R ound the
for the rod At each end cut a tenon one
piece ( I M X 1 M X
inch in diameter Nail the end piece s to the board ( M X 5 X
I n s ert the rod into the hole in the one end piece and s lip i t into the s lit
at the other end Sandpaper s tain and poli s h
-
,
.
.
”
"
.
”
.
.
,
,
.
”
POR C H E Q UI PM E N T
65
PO RC H
SW IN G
An inexpensive missi on style s wing made o f oa k with space
long enough for two to s it in and b road enough to be u s ed for
lounging purposes A pad made o f burlap and s tu ff ed with an
old di s carded quilt will add to the c om fort o f the s wing
D IMENSIONS :
F r a me : 4 piece s M thick X 3 wide X 43 long for rail s in fra me
thick X 3 wide X 2 2 long for end s of frame
2 piece s M
thick X 2 wide X 1 9 long for front po s t s
P os ts : 2 piece s
wide
X
thick
X
2
2
long
for
arm
s
and
back
po
s
t
s
s
1
piece
M
3
4
M
Slo ts : I 4 piece s M thick X 3 wide X 1 4 long for back and end s lat s
thick X 3 wide X 2 0 long for s lat s in s eat
1 6 piece s M
C lea ts : 2 piece s M thick X 2 wide X 48 long
DIR ECT IONS
Morti s e the end po s t s for the back and the front al s o arm po s t s Morti s e
the back and front and end rail s of the frame to fit the end po s t s Nail
and glue them into po s ition R ound the edge s o f the s eat lat and nail
to cleat s on the front and back of the frame Morti s e the back and end
fitting them into the rail s and frame and fa s ten with s trong glue
s lat s
U s e s upport made of iron and fa s tened to the s eat with s crew to give
The chain s
s trength to the morti s e s formed at the arm s and front po t s
to s u s pend the s wing are fa s tened to hole s made in the s e iron s upport
Make the back of the s wing fir s t then the end and front nailing the s eat
s lat s in after the glue h a s fa s tened the morti s e s s ecurely together
.
.
.
,
”
"
'
,
.
_
”
.
,
”
”
”
.
.
”
”
.
”
”
”
.
”
”
.
,
.
,
.
s
.
s
.
.
,
s
s
.
s
,
s
,
.
5
.
66
HOM E
LA BOR SAVIN G
DEV I C E S
C H A PTE R
IV
M ISC E LLAN E O US E Q UIPM E N T
A D U ST L E S S M O P
A cheap and e f fic ient arti cle fo r the
housewi fe is a mop mad e of old stock
ings and the handle o f an old di s carded
broom Thi s mop may be us ed s ucces s
f ully for pol ished and painted floors as
well a s f or unpoli s hed floor s I t is made
by cutting the s traw o ff o f a broom
which h as w o rn out Thi s is cut even
with the wire s which h o ld the s traw on
the handle
C o ver thi s par t o f t h e
bro o m with an old s tocking which is
tacked to the handle s ecurely by s e w
ing it around two or three time s with
a double thre ad L egs o f O ld s tockings
a re cut twelve inche s long with these
s trip s cut leaving a band two inches
wide to s e w to the c overing o f the
broom Se w them round and round
the s u
r face i n row s about an inch apart
until the mo h as be en made th e de s ired
thickne s s Dip the mo int o a solution
ma de o f one hal f a cupful o f melte d
para f fin and one cup f ul o f coal oil :
When the mop is not in us e i t mu s t
be wrapped up and kept in a pape r
bag in order to keep it moist
,
.
.
.
"
.
,
.
.
p
.
,
p
-
,
.
HO M E
68
LA BOR
SA VI N G D E VI C E S
F O L DI N G C A N N I N G
TAB L E
p
The table shown in this illustration i s m ade o f poplar and
de s igned e s ecially for the C ann i ng C lub agent I t fold s up and
requi re s little s pace which make s it convenient to take around
during the canning s e as on The top is zinc lined to make it
more d urable and s anitary I n the center an opening is made
to hold the bucket whi ch catche s the parings from the vegetable s
o r fruit s O n the le ft s ide is a n adj ustable zinc lined trough to
hold the vegetable s or fruits while preparing them fo r us e Thi s
will s ave many s tep s i n going to and from the ba s ket to get the s e
thing s A hole is bored i n the trough to which i s attached a
small pipe that allow s the water with which t h e veget a ble s o r
f ruits have been washed to run O ff
.
,
-
.
.
-
.
.
.
,
.
M A TER I A LS
1 8 M ft : o f pop l ar
M lb N o 5 box nail s to na i l tro u gh o n table
60 three penny box nail s t o nail the zinc on top o f
1 6 No 5 s crew s M
to fa s ten the leg s on table
2 pair s o f 2
( butt ) hinge s to hinge leg s o n table
6 3 gate hook s t o ho ok on leg s and trough
6 M lbs 2 8 gage z inc t o cover the top o f table
1 pail t o fit in h ole 9
in diameter
.
.
.
.
-
”
.
,
,
.
”
.
”
.
'
-
.
.
.
p
p
DIMENSIO N S
T o : 1 piece M thick X 2 4 wide X 44 long
thick X 10 wide X 3 4 long to be u s ed a s bottom
B o tto m : 1 piece
s hel f
C ros s ie ce s : 2 piece s M thick X 4 wide X 2 O M long to be hinged on
the top o f the table
7
2 piece
thick X 1 M wide X I s M long to be u s ed a s brace s for
8
bottom s hel f
"
L eg s : 4 piece s 1 M thick X 1 M wide X 2 7 M long
"
”
B ra ces : 2 piece s M thick X 1 M wide X 2 M long to s upport top piece
T roug h : 1 piece 6 thick X 5 M wide X 2 4 long
”
thick X 6 wide X 2 4 long
1 piece 6
H o le : M thick X 9 wide X 9 long for opening in center o f table
”
.
"
”
,
.
"
,
,
.
”
s
"
.
.
”
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DIRECT IONS
Mea s u re 4 inche s from each end o f the to and fa s t e n the two cro s s p i ece s
”
"
wide X 2 O M lon g ) p u tt i n g one on each end to b race
( M thick X
p
M I SC E LLA N E O US E Q UI PM E N T
69
HOM E
70
p
LAB OR
SAV IN G DEVI C ES
the to o f the table The s e cro s s piec es m u s t al s o be p u t at equ a l dis
tance s fro m the s ide s of the top Screw the leg s on the s e two piece s
”
u s ing the cro s s piece s ( 7 8 X 1 M X I sM ) a s b a ce s for the leg s Us e
two gate hook s o n each end o f table to s upport the leg s when the table is
is placed cro s s wi s e o n
un folded Th e bottom s helf ( M X 1 0 X
the brace s and 9 from the bottom of leg s T hi s s helf is not to be
moved when the table is unfolded B ore a hole
s tationary for it h a s t o be r e
F a s ten the trough
9 i n diameter in the center Of table t o hold the buck et
af ter it h a s been complete d on the left s ide of the table with two gate
Ho ok s Cover the top of the table with the zinc u ing the 60 3 penny
Sandpaper s tain and poli s h the table
nail s to tack it on the to
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72
HO M E
LA BOR SA VI N G
D E VI C E S
B ra c e
PA T T E R N OF I N SI DE C ON E
B OT T O M
M I SC E LLA N E O US E Q UI PM E N T
73
D I RE C TIONS
Take one piece ( I X 1 6 X 1 6 and find the center us ing a radiu s o f
Then us e a radiu s of 6
8 to make a circle for the bottom of the trap
to make an opening in the bottom o n which the cone fits An
”
opening o f I X 2 is made at s ome convenient point in the bottom of trap
through which the dead flie s are removed
Take a piece o f wood
X
X 2 M ) and make a cover to fit over thi s opening F a s ten
it on the bottom with a s crew s o that it may be ea s ily turned Make the
cone o f a piece of wire netting 10 wide I t mu s t fit the in s ide circle
T ack thi s to the botto m with
in the botto m a s s hown in the illu s tration
tack s T h e top o f the trap is made j u s t like the bottom u s ing the
3 o
Cut out 3 place s in the top and bottom for the brace s
s ame radiu s
"
to fit i n The s e mu s t extend M below the bottom and
UM, X 1 X
nailed in place with 5 penny box nail s Cover the opening in the to
with a piece o f wire netting 1 3 in diamet er T h e w h ole frame is then
”
covered with the 2 4 wire netting
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HOM E
74
LA BOR SA VIN G
D E VI C E S
GARBAGE BARR E L
The problem o f the quickest di s posal o f th e k itchen re f use f or
the hou s ekeeper is one o f great con s ideration The garbage b arrel
is a solution for thi s problem i n
s tration
a s Shown i n the ill u
that it is put between rail s with a wheel T h e garba ge may th us
be rolled away a s many time s a day as nece s s ary with a minimum
amount o f e ff ort
A covered recepta cle promote s s anitation
a round the bac k premi s es The s ize o f thi s convenience varies
w i th the material available fo r making th e devi ce and with the
Size o f the family
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M A TER I A LS
10
’
o f o ak
"
.
X M carr age bolt s
I barrel wheel 1 4 in diameter
8 3M
i
.
”
.
D IM E N SION S
piece s 1 thick X 6 wide X 2 8 long to be u s ed to hold
barrel in place
H a nd les ; 2 piece s M thick X 2 M wide X 5 lon g
R a ils :
'
2
,
th e
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D IR ECT IO N S
Mea s ure and s aw the handle s the right dimen s ion s T aper them at o ne end
F a ten the rail s to the handle with the
a s s hown in the illu s tration
eight ( 3 M X M bolt making the front rail Shorter than the back
The opening between the rail mu t fit the barrel at the bottom
o ne
hoop Attach the wheel 1 4 in diameter to the s maller end o f the two
h and l e s
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M I SC E LLAN E O US E Q UI PM E N T
75
S C R U B BI N G C HAR I O T
A clever little devic e whic h c o n s i s t s o f a com f ortable p added
frame which perm its the wom a n to do her Scrubbing with more
ease and com f ort and Saves her f ro m t aking many unnecessary
To the le ft it h as a s tand f or the s oap and on the right
s tep s
may be p laced a wir e hoo p to hold the bucket o f wate r while
Thi s will be found more u s e ful to the woman
s crubbing
who h a s not acce s s to the more moder n conveniences used for
scrubbing
TH E
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M A TERI A LS
poplar
4 flat trunk roller s f o r bottom o f chariot
M 1b 8 penny nail s to be u s ed in making frame
1 box bra s s headed tack s to be u s ed in putting padding in bottom o f
chariot
1 s oap holder
1 yard burlap to make the padding
D IMENSIO NS
B o tto m : 1 p i ece M th i ck X 1 0 wide X 20 l on g
F r ont ; 1 piece M thick X 4 wide X 2 0 long
”
Sid es : 2 piece s M t hick X 4 wide X 10 long
DIRECT IO N S
Nail the s ide s to the bottom board F it the front piece t o thi s and nail to
the bottom and s ide s Four flat roller s are s crewed on the bottom and
the frame s andpapered s tained and poli s hed A cu s hion made of the
burlap and s tu ff ed with excel s ior a piece of an old comfort or cotton is
tacked in the bottom with the bra s s headed tack s Tack the s oap s tand
ide of the chariot and an iron hoop to th e right i f s o de s ired
o n the left
A s oap box or chee s e bo x may be u s ed to advantage in making thi s device
i f one s ide is knocked o u t and the three remaining s ide s cut down to the
height o f
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76
HO M E
L A BOR SA VIN G
D E VI C E S
M I SC E LLA N E O US E Q UI PM E N T
77
S EWI N G SC R E E N
p
An e f fort to minimize the u s and down s o f the bu s y
woman when s h e find s a few pre c iou s moment s to do fancy work
or to read I t is an acce s s ible device con s i s ting o f a light f rame
c overed with burlap
w i th conveniently arranged pocket s and
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other use f ul f eatures I t i s o f a convenient height to be li fted
f rom pla c e to place with a little e f fort ; or it may be put on c a s ters
and rolled around I ts po s ition near the tired woman s chai r
will cause her to feel an eternal warmth toward the de s igner for
Sh e will find s omewhere on its hook s s h el f or in its po ckets the
v ery thing needed when with a s igh o f relie f Sh e h a s taken her seat
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HO M E
78
LA BOR SA VIN
G D E VI C E S
M A TERI A LS
1 0 o f poplar
1 6 brad
22 NO
M for nailing j oint s
2 M pair s of 1 M
( butt ) hinge s to be u ed in j oining the panel s fa s tening
the drop s hel f to cro s s piece and adj u s ting the bracket
2 0 No 5 fl t headed s crew s M
u ed for hinge s
2 metal handle s to put on top o f each Side of s creen
to put handle s on
4 No 5 s crew s V
2 yd
burlap to cover the s creen
1 box bra s s headed tack s to put burlap on s creen
1 2 bra s s c u hook s to be u s ed on cro s s piece
I y d of creton to make pocket s
Sandp a per and s tain
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DIMENSIO N S
St iles :
s
piece s
4
p
creen
1
”
M
X
X
to b e u s e d
30
as
uprigh t piece s to
.
piece 1 M X 1 M X
to be u s ed at the top and
bottom o f frame
X I éX
to be u s ed for peg to hold pool
2 piece s 1 M
X 1 M X 1 2 M to hinge the s helf
1 piece 1 M
C r o s s ie c e s : 4
”
s
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s
s
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D IRE CT IO N S
make 4 M morti e s to fit
O n the two upright piece ( I M X 1 M X 30
the t i n made on the cr o piece making the fir t morti e 1 from the
bottom o f the frame and the econd morti s e 1 6 M from the fir t T h e
thir d and f o urt h mo rti s e in th e u p ri g ht p iec e are made 2 M apart and
”
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°
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ss
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M ISC E LLAN E OUS
E Q UI PM E NT
p
third th e s a me di s tance fro m th e to T h e oth er up ri ght piec e to the
panel is treated in the s ame way O n two of the s e cro s s piece s there
are nailed at equal di s tance s apart little peg s to hold the s pool s Cup
hook s are fa s tened on the under s ide o f one cro s s piece to hold the bag s
Make the other panel of the s creen in the s ame way only making morti s e s
and tenon s for three cro s s piece s in s tead o f four The fir s t cro s s piece on
”
thi s panel is put 1 from the bottom ; the s econd 1 6 V from the fir s t ; and
the third pi ece 4 M from the s econd H inge the drop door on the top edge
o f the la s t cro s s pi ece and hinge the bracket to s upport the drop door in
the center of cro s s piece Put the handle s on each s creen with the 4
No
H inge the two panel s together and cover the out s ide o f s creen
5 s crew s
burlap u s ing the bra s s headed tack s for thi s purpo s e The frame mu s t be
s andpapered s tained and poli s hed before the burlap and pocket s are put
on
T h e creto n pock et s are put o n the in s ide o f s creen ab ou t hal f way
th e p an e l
th e
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H OM E
80
LA BOR SA VI N G
D E VI C E S
A H O M E M A D E SH O W E R B A T H
A cheap but convenient arrangement to be used in any h om e
fo r giving shower baths where the other fixtures are not to be
had Thi s may be u s ed to a greater advantage in country homes
where there are many little children They would find "
in
the
o
y
us e o f s ame
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M A TE R I A LS
I 4 gallon tin bucket
1 medium s ize zinc tub
I nozzle with 6 rubber tubing
2 pulley s with 1 s taple
long
1 piece o f piping 2
I clothe s pin
rope
12
1 pint white paint
1 pint white enamel
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DIREC T I O N S
Cut a hole in the 4 gallon water bucket in the center o f the bottom O n
thi s opening s older the piece o f piping 2 long Attach to the end o f thi s
piec e o f pipe the 6 o f rubber tubing with the nozzle o n the other end
The s prinkler from a watering can may be s ub s tituted for the nozzle i f
not convenient to get one Tie a piece o f rope to the handle o f the bucket
and run it through a pulley which is fa tened to the ceiling with a s taple
H ave another s taple put in the wall below the window s a s h and run the
rope through it al s o Thi s allow s the bucket to be rai s ed or lowered to s uit
the convenience o f the per s on taking the s hower A hook is placed belo w
the s taple in the window j oi s t which hold s the bucket in place when not in
The flow o f the water is adj u s ted by the us e of a clothe s pin operated
us e
U s e a medium s ize zinc tub to s tand in while taking
o n the rubber tubing
the s hower I t make s the whole s hower bath more attracti ve to paint the
b u ck et and tub w h it e and th en enamel the m
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M I SC E LLAN E OUS E Q UI PM E NT
81
HOM E
82
SA VIN G D E VI C E S
LA BOR
WAT E RW O R K S O U T F IT
H OM E
FO R T H E
The follo w ing illu s tration s hows a s imple but cheap arrange
ment for a pra ctical water s y s tem to be u s ed in the farm home
A few minute s pumping each morning by the man o f the
famil y will provide a s upply o f water for the day s us e or where
there is no force pump the water may be brought in pail s until
the barrel is filled every day While not the mo s t s ati s factory
plan fo r putting wate r into the home it is far better than having
to carry the water from a pump o r o ften from a Spring which is
a long di s tance f rom the house It is a l abor and time s aving
d evice f o r the farm woman and enable s her to do more e f fi c ient
work in every way
MA T ERI A LS
1 force pump
galvanized iron pipe for s uction
100 o f 1 M
Foot valve for s uction pipe
1 piece o f rubber ho s e
1 tight coupling to bear weight o f ho s e at barrel opening
1
thick board s to build platform
I 60 gallon water tight barrel
M water pipe to connect barrel with faucet
”
1M
faucet
X 30
1 s ink ( 1 8
5 0 o f 1 M lead pipe to be u s ed for S trap
”
5 0 ft 4 drain pipe
DIRECT ION S
B ore a hole about 2
P um
below the lid o f the barrel Thi s mu s t be
large en ough to permit th e piece o f coupling to fit in it tightly I t is not
nece s s ary to us e the coupling but it will give a better s upport to the ho s e
Fa s ten o ne end o f the ho s e to the coupling and the other end to the pump
O n the oppo s ite s ide bore a hole with a M auger and attach the V piece
o f water pipe to it
Sh e lf : R ai s e the barrel to the platform which is made o f I board s and
well braced underneath Thi s platform i fa tened to the hou s e j u s t Out
I t mu s t be put higher than the kitchen s ink in order
s ide o f the kitchen
A tight fitting
t o obtain pre s s ure enough to give a s teady flow o f water
lid is placed on top o f the barrel to keep out the tra s h and the in s ect s
Fa s ten the faucet to the M pipe on the barrel which exte n
d s through
an opening made in the wall
Sink : Place the Sink s upported by bracket s on the in s ide o f the kitchen
wall and at a convenient height from the floor for the woman to com
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f o rtably us e
D ra inag
the s ink
e:
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Fit th e S
-
trap
to
the
”
4
drain pipe to carry
o ff
the water from
M I SC E LL AN E O US E Q UI PM E N T
83
C H A PTE R
V
P O ULTR Y D E V IC E S
P O UL T RY
H OU S E
A portable hou s e pla c ed on runners is shown i n the f ollowing
cut It can be ea s i ly moved by four men carrying it or be drawn by
h i tching a hor s e t o the end s o f the runner s A house o f th is type
has many advantages over the s tationary hou s e becau s e it can be
moved into the field a f ter the grai n is cut into the orchard and
int o the di ff erent field s where the chicken s can get plenty o f fr e s h
green f ood
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M A T ERI A LS
n th
Le g
Sill s
( runner s )
Joi s t s
Stud s
R after
and brace s
s
M3 Matched flooring ( floor and s ide s )
"
M3 Sheathing s urfaced one s ide
”
,
R oofing paper
roll
Window s hardware etc
,
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DIRECT I O N S
A good location is the fir s t c on s ideration in the building of a poultry ho u s e
Select a well drained s pot facing the s outhea s t and large enough to make
com fortable quarter s for the chicken s
The hou s e is built o f any kind of durable and well s ea s oned lumber The
kind o f material u s ed in making the floor will depend largely on the s oil
and the money to be s pent in the con s truction o f the hou s e B oard fl o O S
are o ften u s ed but they are more s u s ceptible to rat s Cement floor s are
more ea s ily cleaned and more s anitary and not s o expen s ive in a locality
where plenty o f gravel is available A board floor mu s t be rai s ed s everal
inche s from the ground a s a protection from rat s and to allow for runner
to be placed underneath the hou s e
R oo s t s are placed on the ame level with each other next to the e nd or back
wall s and from 6 to 1 0 above the dropping board s which are 2 M from
the floor R oo s t s may b e s tati onar y a s i n th e c u t or they may be
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84
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PO UL TRY
D E VI C E S
85
fa s tened by hinge s to the wall s and rai s ed to clean the dropping boa rd
R oo s t s pacing will depend upon the s ize o f the fowl s but a 10 s pace to
each fowl is u s ually s ufli cie nt T hey mu s t be p u t 1 5 apart
Ne s t s made 1 4 s quare are built under the dropping board s around the
wall s of the hou s e a s s hown in cut A 4 piece of w ood is placed on the
s ide which drop s a s a door in front of the ne s t s
Window s a s s hown in the cut are more expen s iv e and not a s good a s a
front made o f wood extending about 2 from the bottom W ire s creen
ing admitting better Ventilation and more s unlight is tacked over the
re s t o f the opening in the front A curtain may be made of unbleached
mu s lin and fa s tened on a pole at the top of the open front which may be
lowered as a protection in bad weather
Make the roof o f s ome water tight material and cover the wall s o n the
in s ide to protect the fowl s from draught s
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N es ts
C om fortable and conveni ent quarter s must be f u r
nis h e d
the s itting hen The location of the nest mu s t be i n a
quiet dark place t o keep the hen from becoming re s tle s s A box
fi fteen inche s s quare and twelve inche s h i gh with a narrow s trip
fou r to five inche s wide at the bottom o f the ope n front o f the box
make s a com fortable ne s t Barrels or hal f barrel s or ne s ts made
o f a piece o f s o d w ill al s o be com f ort able quarter s f o r the Sitting
hen The ne s t s mu s t be well lined with hay s traw or excel s i o r
Both the ne s t s and the hen mu s t be thoroughly du s ted wi th in s ect
powder be fore th e s itting time come s
H a tch ing a nd R earing —There are two method s u s ed i n the
—
hatching and rearing o f chicken s the natural when the chick s
are h atched and reared by a hen and the artificial when they are
hatched in incubator s and br o oded in h o u s e s indoor s or out o f
door s The natural method will be found to be mo re s ati s factory
when dealing with a s mall numbe r o f chickens A s mal l number
o f hens i f managed with s y s tem and c a re will produce a large
number o f chickens at a very small co s t
C are mu s t be taken in the s election o f th e eggs to be u s ed
for hatching purpo s e s Select well formed eggs which are regular
in s hape and s ize and whi ch are neither to o large no r too s mall
They s hould come from healthy hens o f one breed and s hould be
E ggs m u s t be kept in a dr y cool place
s mooth and o f one color
and at a temperature o f f rom fi f ty to s ixty d egrees Fahrenheit
The f ertility o f an egg weakens with a ge ; s o they must be k ept
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HOM E
86
LA BOR
SA V IN G D EVI C E S
only a few days be fore they are t o be set The num be r o f eggs
to be put under each hen will vary with the s ea s on th e s ize o f t h e
hen and the s ize o f the egg s ; but it is u s ually s a fe to put about
thirteen eggs under a h e n
o f average s ize
E g g T es ter — Te s t the egg s in a dark room on the s eventh an d
f ou rteenth day s for the removal o f in fertile eggs Thi s may be
done by a very s imple home made te s ter made o f a pa s teboard
o r wooden box with a hole the s ize o f an egg bored in the f ront
and an o pening in the top through which the s mo k e i s to pa s s
I f a w ooden box with a botto m i s u sed an open i ng m u st be m ade
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i n f ront with a door so as to put the lamp in A box without a
bottom may be used and simply s e t right over the lamp Eith e r
a lamp candle or lantern may be u s ed on the in s ide o f the box
H olding the egg i n f ront o f the box and letting the light shine
through it will s how the condition o f the egg An in fertil e egg
will be clear while a fertile egg h a s a s pider like cente r with
thread s leading out from it A ll in fertile egg s must be removed
P oultry is cla s s ified a s t h e egg breed s the meat breeds the
general purpose breeds and the ornamental breeds
The egg breeds are s all fowls which mature qui ckly T h e y
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D E VI C E S
LA BOR SA VIN G
HO M E
88
d
A va
il b l
a
e
il b l
e
part s wheat bran
1 part wheat middling s
1 part cornmeal
/m part meat meal
2
1
N arro w
R ti n
a
2
I
o
Foo
d
A va
a
part s wheat bran
part wheat mid s
part lin s eed meal
part meat meal
Yo ung chic k s s hould be fed a d ry or wet f eed forty eight hour s
a fter they are h atoh e d N ature has already provided them with
yolk o f egg which must be dige s ted be fore they are given more
food Thei r fir s t f eed mu s t be fine grit or a drin k o f sour milk
In two hour s a fte r the fir s t f eeding they may be given dry oa t
fla k e s with an egg which h a s been boiled for an hou r o r a Johnny
c ak e made o f ten part s o f cornmeal two part s o f wheat middlings
two part s o f wheat bran m ixed with s kimmed milk and baked
—
for example two
C hange thi s diet a fter a wee k to a dry ration
part s o f cracked wheat two art s o f o at flak e s f ou r part s o f
cracked corn one par t o f rice and one part o f millet P lenty
o f green f ood and sour milk s hould be fed to them F eed the m
o ften but in small proporti ons L e t them take plenty o f exerci s e
It is import ant to keep the hen up and allow t h e chicks to run out
unt i l they are weaned
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POULTRY
D RY M A SH
D E VI C E S
H O PPE R
89
NO
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1
There are many kind s o f dry mash hoppers on the market but
I t i s di f ficult to find one that is not wa s te ful
This hopper which
is made o f poplar is ea s ily made and it has been found to be very
I t may be built o f the de s ired length and made to
s ucce s s ful
hold the requi red amount o f dry ma s h The mo s t impor tant
detail i n the building o f th is hopper is the s lope o f the bottom
which mu s t be at an angle o f forty five degree s with the wa ll o f
the henhouse I t mu s t be built well o ff the floor with a roo s t
placed for the hen s to s tand on while they are feeding This will
keep the litter out o f th e hopper The wi re netting must be o f
one quarter inch s quare mesh which i s fa s tened to the hopper and
s tretched to the bottom o f the trough at its lowest po i nt
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M A TERI A LS
1 2 M poplar
1 lb 6 penny nail s
No 8 s crew s
16 M
3 2 No 10 s crew s
"
2 pair s o f I M
( butt ) hinge s
I piece of M me s h wire
X 2 gate hook s
2
'
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DIMENSION S
piece s 1 thick X 5 wide X 2 6 long to be u s ed a s the end s o f
the hopper
thick X 9 wide X 1 9 long to be u s ed a the top and the
2 piece s 1
bottom o f the hopper
thick X 1 9 wide X 2 6 long to be u s ed a s back of the hopper
1 piece 1
thick X 1 9 wide X 1 7 long to be u ed a s front o f hopper
1 piec e 1
T r oug h : 1 piece 1 thick X 4 wide X 1 9 long to be u s ed a s front o f
trough
I piece 1 thick X 5 wide X 1 9 long to be u s ed a s the lid in the front
o f trough
2 piece s 1
thi ck X 4 wide X 9 long to be u s ed a s s ide s o f trough
wide X 2 1 long to be u s ed a s front of the
R o os t : 1 piece 1 thick X 2
roo s t
thick X 2 wide X 1 5 long to be u s ed a s s ide s o f roo s t
2 piece s I
B o dy :
2
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DIRECT ION S
and cut the top s at an angle o f
T ake the two end piece s ( I X 5 X
Nail
60 deg ree s and the bottom o f the s e end s at an angle o f 45 degree
to the s e end piece s and then nail on the
the bottom piece ( 1 X 9 X
"
ba ck ( I X 9 X
s
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90
HOM E
LA BOR SAV IN G
D E VI C E S
H OM E
92
SAVI N G D E VI C ES
LA BOR
DRY M A SH H O PPE R N O 2
Thi s mod el is con s tr u
cted ve ry much like the hoppe r already
de s cribed with the exception o f the four c ompartment s wh ich
provide for a balan ced ration for the chi cken s It is not nailed
to the wall but re s t s on the floor
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M A TERI A LS
1 2 M poplar
I lb 6 penny nail s
8 M N o 8 s crew s
I pair o f 1 M s teel butt
I o z No 1 6 wire s taple s
o f No 4 me s h wire 3 6 wide
12
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s
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DIMENSI O NS :
piece s 1 thick X 6 wide X 2 8 long to be u s ed a s s ide s o f
the hopper
I piece 1 thick X 6 wide X 1 6 long to be u s ed a s bottom of the hopper
"
thick X 1 8 wid e X 2 8 long to be u s ed a s back o f hopper
1 piece 1
thick X 2 wide X 1 8 long and 1 thick X 6 wide X 1 8
2 piece s 1
long to be u s ed a s the lid o f the hopper
thick X I 8 w ide X 2 long to be u s ed a s front of hopper
1 piece 1
thick X 6 wide X 2 6 long to be u ed a s partition s for
3 piece s 1
making the equal compartment s in the hopper
T r o ug h : 2 piece s I th ick X 4 w id e X 10
long to be u s ed a s end s
o f trough
thick X 4 wide X 1 8 long to be u s ed a s front and back
1
2 piece s
o f trough
thick X 4 wide X 4 long to be u s ed a s partition s in the
3 piece s 1
trough making four equal compartment s
B o dy :
'
2
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DIREC T I O N S
Nail the two end iece s ( 1 X 6 X 2 8
to the bottom piece
Th e n nail the back piece ( 1 X 1 8 X 2
and the
( I X 6 X 16
to the end s of the hopper Nail the
front piece ( I X I 8 X 2
partition s ( I X 6 X 2 6 to the back and front of the hopper making
four equal compartment s
X 4 X 10 to the
T h e trough i made by nailing th e two end piece s ( I
s ide
o f the hopper Nail the front ( I X 4 X 1
and the
back ( I X 4 X 1
to the end s o f the trough The partition s
are nailed to the front and back o f the trough making
( I X 4 X 10
four equal compartment s Cover the opening in the front o f the trough
with 12 of No 4 me s h wire 36 wide
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PO ULTRY
D E VI C E S
93
inge the two top iece s ( I X 2 X 1 8 and 1 X 6 X
together
with one pair of 1 M s teel ( butt ) hinge s Then nail thi s top piece to the
back of the hopper with the narrow s trip even with the edge of the top
end o f the back
H
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94
HOM E LA BOR SAV IN G D E VI C E S
H OM E
LA B OR
SA VI N G D EV I C E S
De ta il of Tr
a
y
PO ULTR Y
D us t B ox e
D EVIC ES
97
—
Du t
s
boxe s are nece s s ary during the winter
month s to keep the chicken s fro m wallowing in the di rt a s thi s is
the method u s ed by them to clean s e them s elve s A box four feet
by four feet will be large enough to accommodate fi fty ch icken s
F ine li g ht dry dust s hould be kept i n these b o xe s and they S
h ould
be placed i n the s unlight and where they may be easily re a ched
by the chickens
—
l
k
i
e
s
e
Should be large enough to hold su f ficient
D rin ng V s
water to last twenty four hour s They mu s t be ele vated in s ome
way to keep th e di rt f rom getting into them A pr a ctical drinking
vessel is made o f a M a s on gla s s j ar : M ake per forations i n the
top o f the j a r with a nail and tack two s tri p s o f wood acro s s the
top cros s wi s e to rai s e the j ar from the s aucer o r plate Thi s
allows the w ater t o fl o w freely from the j ar a s fa s t a s th e chic k en s
can drin k it f rom the s aucer and the covered j ar kee s the d rink
ing water cle an
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HO M E
98
LAB OR SA VIN G
D E VI C E S
—
B roa d en A simple and convenient chicken brooder may be
p
made o f an old wooden tub which is turned u side down on a
plat f orm with the bottom o f the tub knock ed out and a co v ering
placed over the top T h is with w indows cut in the sides o f the
tub giv e s a better ventilati on f or the chic k ens A door through
which the chicken s enter is cut in t h e f ront O ut s ide o f the brooder
and on one end o f the plat form is a s i mple watering de v ice supply
ing t h e c hi ck en s w i t h f res h water
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HO M E
100
LA BOR SA VI N G
D E VI C E S
hould never be u s ed A wooden barrel churn is one o f the be s t
types to us e because i t is easily O perated cleaned and handled
C hurn s which contain a g itators and gearing o f di ff erent kind s
Should not be u s ed
A dairy the rmometer wh ich can be bought at any local hard
ware o r drug store at a s mall cost is necessa ry to d etermine the
temperature o f the cream
When there are at least four cows milked a small cream
Where a s eparato r cannot
s eparator will be a good investment
be had hand skimming i s advi s able i f the crea m is properly
handled
—
The ripening o f milk or cream is the
R i ening of C re am
natural s ouring which takes place unde r prope r conditi ons and
whi ch give s butter its characteri s ti c flavo r The quality o f butter
depends to a large extent upon proper ripening Wh ere hand
s kimming is pra c ti s ed
set s eparate milking s i n cool well venti
lated place s and allow t o s tand from twelve to eighteen hour s
fo r the cream to ri s e Skim the cream o ff with a cup o r large
s poon put it into a can whi ch is k e t in a cool place at a tempera
ture o f 5 0 degree s F ahrenheit o r below Skimming s from the
di ff erent milkings are cooled to the same temperature be fore be ing
added to this s tock can The contents o f thi s can must be stirred
each time a fter addin g the cream When su f ficient cream f or a
churning h as been secured in this way the content s o f the s to ck
can are warmed to a tem erature o f 5 8 to 60 degree s Fahrenheit
and in winter 6 2 degree s F ahrenheit then allowed to s tand in a
clean well ventilated place for twelve o r eighteen hours t o ripe n
Thi s warm ing is done by s etting the can in a ves s el o f hot water
F requent sti rring is nece s s ary during the ripening period
C ream
properly ri ened h a s a v elvety and glos s y appearance with a m ild
but plea s ant s our ta s te Whe n hand s kimming is not practi s ed
rning will h ave to be done more frequently to prevent the
th e ch u
milk from becoming too s our and giving the butter a bad flavor
—
The natural color o f butter when the
C oloring th e B utter
cows can get plenty o f nature s food is a s o f t s traw yellow
D uring the winter i f it i s necessary to use dry feed alone the
butter w ill lac k co l or which can be supplied by the add i t i on o f a
s
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D A IRY D EV I C E S
101
h a rmless color i ng matter The amount o f coloring matter nece s
s ary to us e varie s with the s ea s on but u s ually 8 t o 1 2 drops o f
harmless vegetable coloring to every pound o f butter will be
s u f fi c ient i n the winter time
This coloring matter may be bought
at most drug s tores
—
C h urning
When the cream is ready f or chu rning rin s e the
churn with s calding water to cleanse it thoroughly and t o s well
the po res in the wood Fo lloW
ing thi s cool the churn with cold
water to prevent the rai s ing o f the temperature o f the cream
when put into the churn The cream should be poured through a
s trainer into the churn to remove lump s o r hard white s ecks o f
cream which may have dried to the Side s o f the can Gas will
form i n the churn during the fir s t f ew minutes o f churning which
must be let out by removing the cork at the bott om o f the churn
It may be necessary t o re eat thi s operation S
everal times A f ter
the churn h as been inoperation about 2 0 minute s the cream be
comes thick and s hortly a fter very small mealy granule s begin
to form At this point the cream begins to break away from the
gla s s in the t0 o f the churn lid When this s tage is reached
a fte r e ve ry f our or five revolution s the lid s hould be removed and
the s ize o f the granule s ob s erved Wh en the s e have reached the
s ize o f large wheat grain s the churning O pe ration h a s been com
le t e d
A t thi s point the gla s s i n the top appe ars clear wh i ch
indicates that the granule s slide o f f i n s tead o f sticking to the top
It usually ta k es at lea s t 2 5 minute s to churn good butter I f it
take s longer the temperature o f the next cre a m churned sh ould
be rai s ed a f e w degrees
—
Was h ing th e B utter W h en churning 18 completed draw the
buttermilk o ff through a strainer to catch s mall particle s o f butter
The butter i s washed t o remove the buttermilk to improve the
flavor and to k eep bette r Buttermilk is wa s hed out o f the butter
and not worked out The temperat ure o f th e wa s h Wate r s hould
be the same a s that o f the bu ttermilk and is determined by the
Thi s tempe rature depend s u on the con
use o f a thermometer
dition o f the butter ; i f the butte r is to o so ft the water mu s t be
c older and vice vers a In wa s hing butter water is added and the
churn given two or three revolution s s o a s to t urn th e butte r ;
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HOM E
102
LA BOR SA VI N G
D E VI C E S
a fter which the water i s drawn o ff and the proc ess repeated sev era l
time s unti l the water drawn o ff is clea r
—
t
i
t
e
n
a
l
h
e
B
u
t
t
r
The
butterwor
k
e
r
paddles
and
mold
or
S
g
printer are s calded and c o oled in the same way a s the churn and
f o r the same rea s ons The churn is then dr a wn near the worker
and the butter granule s removed with paddle o r ladle and placed
on worker The hands must neve r touch butter f or s anitary
reason s and becau s e they will give the butter a grea s y appearance
As s oon a s the butter is placed on the worker one ounce o f fine
clean s alt to a pound o f butte r is sprinkled uni f ormly o v er the
butter
—
Work ing th e B utter Butter should then be work ed well to
distribute the salt through it and to expel the exce s s water Butter
is salted to improve the flavo r to s e rve the mar k et purpo ses and
to s ome degree to act as a pre s ervative I n working the butter
the pile o f granule s is pre s sed flat with the lever and the flattened
mass o f butter turned o ver about 1 2 o r1 4 times unti l th e edges o f
butter when bro k en have a granular ap earance similar to a
broken hal f ba k ed potato Too much wor k ing destroys the grain
and the edges when broken apart will ha v e a slightly stringy
appe arance while too little w ork ing gives a s treaked or mottled
butter
—
t
e
P rinting a nd Wra ing th e B u t r
T h e r i nter i s re m oved
f rom the water as soon as the wor k ing has been completed and
with both hand s it is pres s ed on the mass o f butter until it is
pac k ed f ull That remaining o v er t h e edge i s t h en cut o ff w i th
a paddle and the print pu s hed out on a sheet o f parchment pa e r
and neatly wrapped The printing and wrapp i ng o f butter ca nnot
be em h asized too s trongly f or a good appearance i s f undamenta l
t o obtaining good markets f o r the butter
I t i s v ery m uch easie r
to get a good mar k et f or butter packed neatly in parchment paper
than i t i s f or that wrapped i n a cloth as i s t h e case i n so man y
country homes It is v ery impo rtant that a good grade o f parc h
ment paper should be used fo r wrapping butter and this can be
bought f rom firm s handling dairy supplies or it may be ordered
by mail The brick s haped mold i s u s ed becau s e pr i nts can be
h andled with convenienc e and s u ch prints are a stan d ard o n
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HOM E
104
LA BOR SA VI N G
D E VI C E S
B UTT E R W O R K E R
A very u s eful applian c e and ea s ily op erated making the
butter into a clos e grained ma s s without inj uring the textu r e of
it It is made of po plar tri a ngular in Sh ape with a c o rruga t e d
roller Thi s roller fits in a hol e made i n a pi e ce o f met al w hich is
put acros s the s maller end o f the w orker Thi s worker may be
operated by putting it on the kitchen table or it may be placed
o n adj ustable leg s
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M A TERI A LS
I 3 maple for bottom s ide s and batten s
X
X
1
2
M
,
5 for roller
3
1 0 No 1 4 s crew s 3
to fa s ten the s ide s on bottom
8 No 1 4 s crew s 3 to fa s ten batten o n botto m
wide X 16 long for front piece
1 piece 2 8 gauge zinc 4 M
8 four penny box nail s to fa ten zinc acro s s the front
deep X 12 wide X 14 long to place under worker
1 pan 2
end to catch dripping from butter
Wood glue to fa s ten handle on roller
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s
mall
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D IM E NSIONS
B o t tom :
long
1
piece 1 M thick X
”
wide in front
30
4
,
.
piece s 1 M thick X 6 wide X 3 0 l ong
B a tte ns : 1 piece 1 M thick X 4 wide X 30 long
wide X 2 long
1 piece M thick X 2
R o ller : 1 piece 4 thick X 4 wide X 3 6 long
H a nd le : 1 piece 5 long
Sid es :
"
2
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”
”
”
.
"
"
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wide
back X
26
HOM E
106
LABO R SA VI N G
DE V IC E S
M I L K I N G ST OO L
A con v en ient dev i ce used in milk i n g which not only prov i des
a seat f or the one wh o is m ilking but a plat f orm with a hoop to
h old the buck et The bench is light in weight which make s it easy
to handle When not in use i t may be hung on the wall
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M A TERI A LS
yellow pine
I piece o f metal I wide X
—
lb
penny nail s
6
A
Sandpaper and paint
.
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Y
15
l on g
,
mak e hoop
to
to
hold b u ck et
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DIMENSIO NS
T o : I p i ece 54 th i ck X 1 0 wide X I 4 lon g
"
B ra ck e ts : 4 piece s $ 4 thick X 3 wide X 3 long t o s upport t o s he l f
s
s
long
u
pport
h
elf
w
h
ic
h
h
old
s
t
o
2
thic
k
X
w
i
de
s
p i ece 94
2
X3
b u ck et
thick X
wide X 1 0 l on g to h o l d b uck et
Sh e lf : I piece
"
E nds : 2 p i ece s 94 thick X 1 0 wide X I I /él on g
p
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I
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,
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DAI RY D E VI C E S
D I RE c rI O N s
p
107
Make the to o f t h e s tool u s ing the piece ( 94 X 10 X I 4
ro u nding
both end s t o a radi u s o f
Make the front and back s u pport s a s s hown
in ill u s t ration s 4 and 5
Make the bucket s hel f ( 94W X
X
next fa s tenin g the two piece s 0 4 X 2 X
t o the Shelf a s s upport s
and th e n nailing the whole to end o f s tool Sandpaper the s tool and then
paint the who l e any de s ired color preferably w h ite
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H OM E
108
LA BOR SA VI N G
C H E E SE M A K I N G
E Q UI PM E N T
-
D ev i ce s u s ed i n
D EV I C ES
th e
pro ce s s o f making cottage N eu fchatel
and c ream chee s e are given a ccompanied by direction s for the us e
o f each o f the s e device s in the making o f the s e chee s e s
—
The ra ck s hown in the fi g ure is
C o ns truc tion of D ra iner
1 3 inche s long and I Q inche s deep
I 3 inche s wide
The corner
post s extend 1 % inche s abo ve and below the s trip s at the top and
bottom with the top s ro unded a s s hown in the illu s tration The
bottom s lat s fit loo s ely into notches hence they may be f emove d
,
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w h en the dra i n i n g rack i s was h ed The mater i als required are
four cor n
er po s t s I % X 1 % inche s ; 1 5 s trips I X %3 X I 3 inche s
and 2 strips I X
X I 3 inche s notched to receive the bottom
P ine or poplar may be u s ed for the c on s truction o f
s lat s
thi s de vice
—
o
n
s
t
r
u
t
i
C
c on of P r es s
1
1
inch
p
plar
b
o
ard
8
o
or
8
s
X
4
3
inoh e s are u s ed f or thi s pres s
C leats are placed on the back o f
the s e board s to keep them f rom warping The lower board o f
thi s pre s s h a s a ci rcular groove which h as an outlet i n one s ide
to allow the whey to drain o ff
.
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M o ulding
N
ec e
ss
a ry
e
p
dui m e nt
th
e
ch s
ee e
s d in h s
u
e
c
ee
e
-
mak
in g
D A IRY D E VI C E S
C o ttag
e C h e es e
109
—C ottage cheese has been produced f rom time
é
upon the farm O rdinarily it is made f rom milk
that has been allowed to s tand unti l it thi ckens by natural souring
I t i s then s kimmed A fter s kimming the rathe r firm m as s o f
loppe red milk is s ti rred with a large wooden s poon
S imul taneously with the gentle breaking o f the coagulum the
temperature o f the m ixture o f whey and curd is g radually r aised to
about 9 5 degrees Fahrenheit and maintained at th at te m e ra ture
fo r five minute s Thi s mixture s hould be s tirred occ as i onall y but
not vigorou s ly Too mu ch s ti rring will cau s e the mas s it o drain
s lowly
A fter this heating pro ce s s the mixture o f whey a nd curd
is poured into th e draining cloth ; u s ually mu s l in O r cOtto n s h e e t
ing is s tretched over the draining rack which is e s ecially con
s tructed fo r this purpo s e
Such a rack a s s hown i n the illu s tration
can be made very ea s il y and at a s mall co s t Thirty po und s o f
m i l k e r rack may be ea s ily handled P erhap s in handlin g the
milk i n thi s quantity it would be advi s able to make the rack s ome
what longer than the one i llu s trated A ra ck rectangular in
sh ape
I 3 in ch e s wide 3 6 inche s long and I O inche s deep is s u
ffi
cient The dra i n
ing m ixture is le ft undi s turbed for hal f a n hour
and then the cu rd is worked toward the center o f the clo th by
means o f a s poon or ladle The la s t o f the whey is removed by
rai s ing and lowering re eatedly the end s o f the draining cl o th
A f ter draining the curd i n thi s manner the corner o f the clo t h is
folded over to form a sack and the c urd is pla ced between the
heavy boa rds or pre s s I f more pre s s ure is needed wei g ht s may
be placed On the top board When the curd h a s acquir ed the
con s i s tency d es ired it is s alted to s uit the ta s te and u s ually a
s mall amount o f cream is added The us e o f the latter however
is enti rely optional
The expul s ion of th e whey by he ating harden s the parti cle s o f
curd giving a gra iny texture to the ma s s
—
F re s h clean milk is requi red t o mak e a
N e nf ch a te l C h ees e
high grade N eu fchatel ch ee s e In no ca s e s hould the milk be over
twelve hours old A s low development o f a clean acid flavor is
demanded The addition o f a com m ercial lactic starter i n s m all
immem o rial
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HOM E
110
LA BOR SA VIN
G D E VI C E
amounts aid s in obtaining curd free from obj ectionable ferment s
T oo mu ch starter will produce acid too rapidly and give a rough
mealy curd A very s ati s factory product may be s ecured i f the
mil k is reasonably clean without u s ing any s tarter
The s tarter is merely s oured m ilk I n making a
Starter
home made starter place a clean m ilk bottle and tumbler in a pan
o f cold wate r and bring s ame to boiling ; remove the bottle allow
it to cool and then fill it with the f re s h st cleane s t m i l k av a i l able
The bottle should now be c o vered with a steril i zed gla s s tumbler
in order to pre v ent the entrance o f dirt Allow th e mil k to sour at
a temperature o f about 75 F ( room temperature )
Two cubic centimeters o f active starter for each thi rty pound
—
can o f mil k will give good results A f ter adding th e s tarter the
milk i s vigo rou s ly s tirred and warmed to a temperature Of 80 F
Rennet is now added at the rate o f 30 dr o p s per 1 00 po unds o f
mi lk Upon a s mall scale j unket tablet s may be used fo r curdlin g
purposes T h e mixture a f ter being th o roughly sti rred i s le f t at
rest over night at room temperature or pre ferably a little h igher
The firm curd i s no w pou red upon the draining rack as with the
cottage cheese and allowed to drai n f or about two hours Toward
the end o f the dr a ining period the curd is worked toward the center
o f the cloth by means o f a ladle The cloth s contain i ng t h e curd
are now tied together ba g f a s hi on and pres s ed The h and made
contr i vance illustrated may be used or m erely allow weight s to
rest on bags o f curd over night T h e more whey that is rem oved
the better will be t h e flavo r and k ee in g qualities o f the cheese
The curd should drain out and not dry out M ix i n the salt to
ot a to ma s he r
s u i t t h e taste by usin g a butter worker or a pail and
O rdinaril y about one ounce o f salt to f our pound s o f curd i s s uf
ficie nt The c h ee s e i s now ready to be run t h rough the f ood chop
per and molded S ometime s i t is pack ed tigh tl y i nto screw top
j ar s or j elly gla s ses with tight covers but usuall y t h e chee s e is
m o lded into shape and wrapped i n parch m ent pa pe r surrounded
by t i n f oil to exclude the ai r S uch mold s may be f ormed by h and
closely enough to exclude the ai r Butter pr i nters are o ften u s ed
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HOM E
1 12
F UN D A M
E N TA L S
—Some Of
N OTB
t hi s chapter
T e non
LA B O R SAV IN G
IN
D E VI C E S
W OO DW O R KI N G
the term s u s ed in the text
a re
p
—A tenon i
.
expl a ined in
a piece o f w ood s h a ed l i ke a tongu e by
divi d i ng the end into three rectangu l ar parts cutting the s ide s
away and lea v i ng the m iddle whi ch i s s hape d t o f o rm a tongue
—
M or tis e
A morti s e is a hollow c ut i n to receive a corre s pond
ing piece o f wood I t is made by measuring th e requi red di s tance s
on a p iece o f wood and boring hole s Take out the s e portion s o f
w oo d with a chi s el until the morti s e is o f th e requi red s ize
M orti s e and tenon j oint s put toget h er i n one directio n
, a s those
made in the bac k o f a chai r are much ea s ier made than those
wh ic h are j oined in two di rec tion s as i n the f ramework o f a stool
M itred Joint
There are many modification s o f thi s j oint
but the one mo s t used is th e one made at an angle o f 4 5 degree s
M itred j oints are eas ily made but they have a tendenc y to sh r i nk
le avi ng an opening on th e i n s i de o f the j oint
—
e
C "a t
A piece o f w ood nailed down t o s ecure someth i ng f rom
s l i pp i ng The siz e o f a c l eat w i l l be determ i ned by t h e weight
which it is to hold
B evel
A be v el i s a finished edge to a piece o f wood
The
ki nd o f p roblem must determine the k ind o f beveled ed g e to be
ma d e The blade o f the s quare mu s t be s e t at the correct angle
i n m a ki ng a bevel edge The m o s t popular bevel i s made by
setting t h e bevel squa re at an angle o f 4 5 degrees
—
B ra ck e t or B ra ce
A s upporting piece f or a shel f o r any other
place w h i ch need s s trengthening
It may be su nk below o r rai s ed
P a ne l —Any area out o f level
above the general face o f the s urrounding work They a re s et
in groove s made the proper depth with a plane Every piece o f
wo o d u s ed in panell i ng mu s t be straight with the f ace s ur f ace o f
the wood and s traigh t and square with the f ront e dge to make
a flat and squ are ane l
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APPE N D I X
—
G r o ove
A g roove
113
a furrow o r a long hollow The depth
o f the furrow depend s on the rai l it is to hold
—
A ll part s o f the s ur
T a er
A taper is a graduated point
fa c e mu s t have the s ame amount o f taper to make it equally tight
at all poi nt s when driven into place Draw line s on the end o f the
wood and a c ro s s the center at equal di s tances from the corner s
and with the s ur face s traight on both s ide s C are must be taken
no t to split the corner s while making a tape r
—
P lug s
P lug s are piece s o f tapered wood u s ed a s a stopper
When plug s
s uch a s in the illu s tration o f Jelly Strainer N o 2
are to be u s ed the hole s must be made in the wood be fore the
p iece s are put together
”
"
—
Thi s term is a corrupt i on o f pound and u s ed
P e nny
in Speaking o f di f f erent kind s o f nail s Fo r example eight
penny nail s mean s that o ne thou s and o f them weigh eight pound s
—
B
A ba r pivoted at one end about which it s wings
R a dius ar
and having its other end attached to a piece which it cau s e s to
move in a circular arc as i n the corrugated roller made to work
the butter
F inis h ing —There are two thing s to be con s idered in finishin g
woodwork ; the pre s ervation o f the wood and the arti s ti c fini s h
Three s tep s are nece s s ary in putting on the fini s hing touche s
F ir s t the s ur faces made s mooth by the us e o f sandpa e r ; the
s e c ond s taining or varni s hing and the third poli s hing
—
Sandpaper is not expected to do th e work o f
Sa nd a er
edged tool s Tool work mu s t be completed be fore u s ing s and
paper o r particles o f du s t will get into the pore s o f the wood
which will dull the tool s while working with them N ever s and
paper acro s s the grain o f the wood While dre s s ing flat s ur face s
us e a piece o f s and aper put over a block o f wood
—
Stains
Water oil and alcoholi c s ta in s are used f or staining
woo dwork All have thei r advantage s and di s advantage s but
fo r general purpo s e s the alcoholi c s tain s are highly recommended
John s on s wood dye being one o f the best A good water s tain
is made by boiling an extract o f logwood the size o f a walnut
with four ounce s o f water This is applied to the wood while
is
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114
H OM E
LAB OR SA V IN G
D E VI C E S
p
p
p
hot us i ng a brush o r s onge with whic h to a ply i t R e eat t h e
appl i cation until the de s ired color i s obtained V arnish must be
u s ed only when a hard transparent fini s h i s de s ired
P olis h or Wax —
Sat i s fa ct ory results cannot be obtained
unless the s ur f ace is s mooth and well prepared by the use o f sand
pape r and st a i n A ch eap recipe f o r ma k ing wax i s gi v en a s
follows
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I
V2
bee s wax
pt alcohol
1h
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pt t u rp e nti ne
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B rea k
up the beeswax and melt it into the cons i stency o f
t hi ck cream in a bowl placed i n a s aucepan o f boiling w ater
R emo v e bowl f rom the fire gradually beating into the wax the
tur ent i ne and alcohol Store i t away i n covered j ars and warm
slightly when i t i s to be used Spread a t hi n lay e r on a so ft
woo l len c l oth and ap l y it to the sur f ac e
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HOM E
1 16
LA BOR SA VI N G
D E VI C E S
PU B L I CA T I O N S F O R SUPP LE M E N T A R Y R E AD I N G
Farm B u tter making Fa rmers B ull etin 5 4 1 U S Department of Agricult u re
Wa s hington D C
B utter making on the F arm G eorgia State College of Agriculture Athen s G a
B utter making Storr s E xperiment Station Storr s Conn
Chee s e making Wi s con s in E xperiment Station Madi s on W is B ull etin 1 8 1
Neufc hatel Ch ee s e B ulletin 78 Storr s E xperiment Station Storr s Conn
Co ttage or Dutch Chee s e and O th e r Chee s e O klahoma Agricultural College
Stillwater O kla
Convenience s for H andling the Farm Cow and H e r Product s Special U S
Dept o f Agriculture O f fice o f the Secret ary Wa s hington D C
Th e Production and Care o f Milk and Cream Special U S Dept of Agri
O f fice of the Secretary Wa s hington D C
A Plan for a Small Dairy H ou s e Farmer s B ulletin 689 Department of
Agriculture Wa s hington D C
The Control o f Chicken Mite s and L ice I owa State College o f Agriculture
Ame s I owa
H o w to Care for the L ittle Chick W e s t V irginia Univer s ity Agri E x
Station
Morgantown W V a
Sugge s tion s on Poultry R ai s ing for the Southern Farmer Special U S
Department of Agriculture O f fice of the Secretary Wa s hington D C
O regon Station Trap N e s t O regon Agricultural College Corvalli s O regon
A Simple T rap N e s t for Poultry F armer s B ull etin 682 U S Department o f
Agriculture Wa s hington D C
T h e O rganization o f B oy s and G irl s Poultry Club s Farmer s B ulletin 5 62
U S Department o f Agriculture Wa s hington D C
R unning Water for Farm H ome s A M College Agricultural College Mi s s
Dome s ti c Water Supply B u lletin 2 1 5 by V M Cone Special Colorado E x
ten s ion Service F ort Collin s Colorado
Simple Water Supplie s for the Farm E xten s ion B ull e tin 1 8 Uni ver s ity o f
Nebra s ka L incoln Neb r
L I ST O F
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IND E X
arrel g arbage 74
B ath s hower 80
B oard ironing 1 9
B o x blacking 6 1
B o x coal 3 1
B oxe s du s t for poultry 97
B ox wood 3 7
B rooder 98
B utter making equipment 99
Cabinet wall f o r kitchen I 7
Chariot s crubbing 75
Chee s e making equipment 1 0 8
Cook s tove d rier 34
Cooker fi e le s s 3 9
Drainer di s h 2 6
H ou e poultry 84
H opper dr y ma s h for poultry No 1 89
H opper dry ma s h for poultry No 2 92
Mop du s tle s s 67
Ne s t s poultry 8 5
Publication s li t for upplementary
reading 1 16
R ack chee s e 10 8
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R ack di h 8
R ack oat prouting tray
R efrigerator icele No
R efrigerator icele No
R oller towel 63
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95
1,
51
2
55
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Screen hou s e 49
Screen s ewing 77
Sideboard 46
Stand umbrella 5 8
Strainer j elly No
Strainer j elly No
Stoo l milking 1 06
Swing porch 6 5
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1, 2 1
2, 24
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able folding canning 68
T able vegetable paring 1 5
Te s ter egg 86
T ool
s ugge s ted li s t
1 15
Trap fly 7 1
V e s s el drinking for poultry 97
W agon roller tray 43
Waterwork s s y tem practical 82
Woodworking fundamental s in
W ork er butter 10 4
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T H I S B O O K I S D UE ON TH E L A ST D A T E
ST A M E D B E L O W
A N I N I TI A L F I N E O F 2 5 C E N TS
I L L B E A SSE SS E D FO R F A I L U R E T O R E TU R N
TH I S B O O K O N T H E D A T E D U E T H E P E N A LTY
W I L L I N C R E A S E T O 5 0 C E N T S O N T H E F O U R TH
DAY A N D
TO
O N
TH E SE V E N T H
DAY
O VE R D UE
W
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.
FEB 8 1941
M