Decision:
Gave the judiciary
branch a powerful
check against the
legislative and
executive branches.
Marbury v.
Madison
Decision:
United States v.
Nixon
Nixon had to turn
tapes of White
House conversations
over to the
congressional
committee.
Decision:
Schenck v. United
States
Established the
“clear and
present” test to
decide what
limits could be
set on speech
without
violating
individual
freedom.
Decision:
Established free
legal help for
those who cannot
otherwise afford
representation in
court
Gideon v.
Wainwright
Decision:
Escobedo v. Illinois
An arrested
person has a
right to an
attorney and
the right to
remain silent.
Decision:
An accused
personʼs Fifth
Amendment
rights begin at the
time of arrest.
Miranda v. Arizona
Decision:
Reynolds v. Sims
Established
that
representation
in state
legislatures
must be based
on population
so that each
citizenʼs vote
has as equal a
value as
possible. “One
person, One
vote”
Decision:
Engel v. Vitale
Public
schools canʼt
require
students to
pray
Decision:
Plessy v. Ferguson
Ruled that
separate facilities
based on races
were legal as
long as those
facilities were
equal to one
another.
Decision:
Roe v. Wade
Made abortions
available to
women during
their first trimester
of pregnancy,
even when their
health is not in
danger.
Decision:
Dred Scott v.
Sandford
Denied enslaved
African
Americans U.S.
citizenship and
the right to sue in
federal court and
it also invalidated
the Missouri
Compromise.
Decision:
Brown v. Board of
Education
Enforced that
separation of
races in public
education is
unconstitutional.
Reversed Plessy
v. Ferguson
decision.
Decision:
University of
California v. Bakke
Race could be a
factor when
choosing a
diverse student
body in university
admissions
decisions and
using affirmative
action quota
programs are not
permissible
Decision:
Hazelwood School
District v. Kuhlmeier
School officials
do not have an
unlimited license
to censor; all
students retain
significant First
Amendment
protections
Decision:
Established the
extent to which
American public
school students
can take part in
Tinker v. Des Moines political protests
in their schools.
Decision:
Burning a flag as
part of a protest is
a symbolic speech
protected by the
First Amendment
Texas v. Johnson
Decision:
New Jersey v. TLO
Searches of
juveniles on
school grounds
are not subject to
the same
standards of
“reasonableness”
and “probable
cause” that
protect other
citizens.
Decision:
Mapp v. Ohio
Declared that
evidence
discovered in the
process of an
illegal search
could not be used
ion state courts.