Lesson 7.2
Name
Date
Period ___________
Chapter 7: Lesson 2- States of Matter
How Do You Describe a Solid?
1. IDENTIFY: The two types of solids are ________________ and ________________.
2. EXPLAIN: Are the particles in a solid motionless? Explain your answer.
3. DRAW CONCLUSIONS: Candle wax gradually loses its shape as it is heated. What type of solid is candle wax?
Explain.
How Do You Describe a Liquid?
4. NAME: A substance that flows is called a _____________.
5. DESCRIBE: Why is a liquid able to flow? ___________________________________________________
6. COMPARE AND CONTRAST: How do liquids with a high viscosity differ from liquids with a low viscosity?
How Do You Describe a Gas?
7. EXPLORE: Explore how the motions of gas particles are related to the pressure exerted by the gas.
8. RELATE CAUSE AND EFFECT: Why does pumping more air into a basketball increase the pressure inside the
ball?
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Lesson 7.2
9. Draw diagrams of the molecules in a solid, a liquid, and a gas.
Fill in the blank to complete each statement.
10. The amount of space that matter fills is its _______________.
11. A state of matter with a definite volume, but no definite shape is a(n) _______________.
12. A(n) _______________ will always take the shape and volume of its container.
13. The _______________ is a measure of the average speed of the particles in a substance.
14. A(n) _______________ has a definite volume but no shape of its own.
15. The _______________ of a gas is the force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of its
container.
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Lesson 7.2
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following questions in the space provided.
16. What are the general characteristics of a solid?
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17. How do crystalline solids differ from amorphous solids?
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18. How are liquids described in terms of shape and volume?
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19. Explain why a sewing needle can float on the surface of water in a glass.
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20. What determines the shape and volume of a gas inside a container?
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Building Vocabulary
If the statement is true, write true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word
or words to make the statement true.
21. _____________ Rubber and glass, which become softer as they are heated, are examples of crystalline
solids.
22. _____________ When you see steam, fog, or clouds, you are seeing water in the liquid state.
23. _____________ The volume of a gas is the force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of the
container.
24. _____________ A(n) gas has a definite volume but no definite shape.
25. _____________ A(n) fluid has a definite shape and volume.
26. _____________ Viscosity is the inward force among the molecules of a liquid.
27. _____________ A(n) amorphous solid has a definite melting point.
28. _____________ Both gases and liquids are fluids.
29. _____________ All solids have a closely packed, fixed arrangement of particles.
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Lesson 7.2
Read the passage and study the diagram below it. Then answer the questions that follow the diagram.
Bottle-Making
You learned in this section that glass is an amorphous solid. This property allows it to be molded into
shapes such as bottles. Bottles are usually made with an individual section (IS) machine, which is actually
a series of automated machines that carry out each step of the bottle-making process. First, very hot,
softened glass exits a furnace. Next, the softened glass is cut into lumps, or sections. Each lump of glass
moves through the machine to a mold. Air is blown into the mold with great force. This forms the glass
inside the mold into a hollow shape called a parison (PAYR uh suhn). Next, the parison is placed in a
second mold called the finishing mold. Air is forced into the finishing mold to bring the bottle to its final
shape. The entire molding process takes about 11 seconds.
At this point, the bottle is still very hot. After leaving the finishing mold, it travels down a conveyor belt on
which it cools and hardens. At the same time, a chemical is usually sprayed on the bottle to give it a hard
coating that is resistant to scratches.
30. Why do you think bottles are made from amorphous solids such as plastic and glass? Why aren’t they
made from crystalline solids?
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31. What must the melting point of the mold be compared to the temperature at which glass gets soft? Why?
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32. When the parison is placed in the second mold, it doesn’t yet have the exact shape of a finished bottle.
Is the parison’s viscosity low or high? Explain.
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33. Glass is sometimes called a supercooled liquid. Why do you think this is so?
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