Gun Powder Empires
RSG 18-1
2. Who was the most successful ghazi? What was
he called in the west? What were his followers
called in the west?
The most successful ghazi was Osman. Western
Europeans took his name to be Othman and called
his followers Ottomans.
5. Describe Ottoman rule.
The Ottomans ruled kindly through local officials
appointed by the sultan
Leader
Accomplishments
 Defeated his brothers and took control of the
Mehmed I
empire
Mehmed
II
 Captured Constantinople
 Made Constantinople his capital and renamed it
Istanbul
 Converted Hagia Sophia into a mosque
 Brought the Ottoman Empire to its greatest size and
most impressive achievements.
Suleyman
 He conquered parts of southeastern Europe, won
I
control of the Mediterranean Sea and conquered
North Africa as far west as Tripoli
10. Why was Suleyman I called the Lawgiver?
Suleyman I revised the laws of the empire, which
won him the name Suleyman the Lawgiver.
18-2 RSG
1. What is cultural blending?
Throughout history, different peoples have lived
together, and their cultures have influenced one
another. Often these people have blended one
culture with another. This can be due to trade,
conquest, movement of people from one area to
another, or conversion to a new religion.
2. What kind of changes happen where cultural
blending takes place?
Changes in language, arts and architecture or
religion are examples.
5. Who was the leader of the Safavids when they
were at their height?
The Safavids reached their height in the late
1500s under Shah Abbas.
6. Why did the Safavid Empire begin to decline soon
after it reached its greatest height?
As with the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire
began to decline soon after it had reached its greatest
height. Shah Abbas had killed or injured his most
talented sons—just as Suleiman had done—fearing that
they would seize power from him. As a result, a weak
and ineffective grandson became shah after him.
Under his poor leadership, the empire lost power.
1.
What did “Rajput” mean?
 A member of a Hindu military caste and later the term
applied to local or regional leaders.
2. Why did the Muslim invaders call themselves Mughals?
 Because they viewed themselves as descendants of the
Mongols.
3.
What did Sultan Mahmud do?
 With his well-trained Turkish armies he swept into Indian
and devastated Indian cities and temples in 17 brutal
campaigns.
4.
What was the Delhi Sultanate?
 It was the seat of power of the Turkish sultans between
the 13th and 16th centuries
5.
Who was Akbar?
 Akbar was the grandson of Babur, and was a wise and
tolerant ruler, he unified a land of at least 100 million
people.
6.
Describe Akbar’s rule.
 Akbar allowed religious freedom, he encouraged cultural
blending, arts, literature and architecture flourished during
his reign.
7.
What is Hindi? What is Urdu?
 Hindi is a language derived from Sanskrit. Urdu is a blend
of Arabic, Persian, and Hindi used by the soldiers of the
Mughal armies.
8.
Who was Shah Jahan? What is he famous for?
 Shah Jahan was the son and successor of Jahangir. He is
famous for constructing the Taj Mahal in memory of his
beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
 9.
What did Aurangzeb do to inherit the Mughal
Empire?
 He killed his older brother (his most serious rival)
and arrested his father and put him in prison
 10.
What did Aurangzeb do to lead to the decay
of the Mughal Empire?
 He oppressed the people and heavily taxed
them to pay for the wars against his increasing
number of enemies
11.
Describe the rise of Western traders in India?
 The Portuguese, Dutch, French and English built power in
the region because the Mughal emperors didn’t feel
threatened by the European traders
12.
Why were the Ottomans such successful conquerors?
 They used modern military technology – muskets and
cannons- and treated conquered people humanely.
13.How
did Mehmed the Conqueror show his tolerance of
other cultures?
 He opened Constantinople (Istanbul) to Jews, Christians,
and to non-Turks
14.Why
was Selim’s capture of Mecca, Medina, and Cairo
so significant?
 Mecca and Medina were the holiest cities of Islam, and
Cairo was its intellectual center. Capturing these cities
gave the Ottomans great influence in the Muslim world.
15.What
are some of the causes of cultural blending in the
Safavid Empire?
 The influence of Ottoman, Persian, and Arab cultures, and
conquest of Christian regions
16.In
what ways did the Safavids weave foreign ideas into
their culture?
 The Safavids borrowed Ottoman ideas of government and
military strategy, Persian art and literary ideas, and Chinese
artistic ideas
17.In
what way did Akbar defend religious freedom during
his reign?
 He married women of different faiths; he abolished taxes
on non-Muslims; he appointed a Spanish Jesuit to tutor his
son; he allowed people of all faiths to compete for high
office.
18.How
did Akbar’s successors promote religious conflict
in the empire?
 Nur Jahan and Jahangir persecuted Sikhs. Aurangzeb
reversed Akbar’s tolerant policies and levied oppressive
taxes on Hindus
Ruler
Government Reforms
Cultural Blending
Akbar
Fair taxes
Architecture, arts, literature
Abbas
Limited the power of the military, reduced
corruption
Architecture, arts
Suleyman Simplified taxation, created a law code
Architecture, arts, literature
Highlight and Study for your Diagnostic
Test Tomorrow
Notebook
page 54:
Notebook page 55:
Notebook page 56:
Notebook page 57:
Notebook page 58:
Notebook page 59:
2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12
III, A; IV. A&B; VII. D
II. B; III. D&E; IV. A; VI. A; VII. B, C, D
I. A: I. D1&2: I. E 2, a, b, c, d, e, f
18-1: 2, 5, 8, 10 18-2: 1, 5, 6
7, 8, 12, 14