Skeletal System Review
1. Label the types of bone in the following:
a. flat
b. Long
c. short
d. long
e. flat
2. True or false:
a. T
Osteoblasts are the stem cells of bone.
b. F
Compact bone contains the red bone marrow.
c. T
Hyaline cartilage protects the ends of long bones.
d. F
Fibrocartilage allows for the attachment of ligaments and bones.
e. F
Blood tissue sends and receives messages.
3. List and describe the 5 functions of bones.
a. support
b. protection
c. movement
d. mineral storage
e. blood cell production
4. Where is yellow bone marrow located?
In the diaphysis (shaft of long bones)
5. Where is red bone marrow located?
In the epiphysis (ends of long bones)
6. How is compact bone different from spongy bone?
Spongy bone is more porous
7. What is ossification?
The laying down of bone by osteocytes
8. What are the cartilage building cells called?
chondrocytes
9. What are the bone building cells called?
osteaoblasts
10. What are the bone removing cells called?
osteocloasts
11. What is the epiphyseal growth plate? What function does it serve?
The area between the epiphysis and diaphysis in children and adolescents
12. What is an epiphyseal line?
The line that replaces the epiphyseal growth plates in adults
Match the following:
13. B
Articular cartilage
A. fibrous connective tissue covering
14. F
15. H
Compact bone
Diaphysis
B. covers the bone in the joint region
C. Expanded portion at the end of a long bone.
16. C
17. J
Epiphysis
Epiphseal disc
D. fills the medullary cavity
E. fills the spongy bone
18. G
Medullary cavity
F. makes up walls of the diaphysis
19. A
Periosteum
G. space inside the diaphysis
20. E
Red marrow
H. tube like shaft of the bone
21. I
Spongy bone
I.
22. D
Yellow marrow
type of bone tissue inside epiphysis
J. region of growth in length
23. D What is the skeletal system?
a. All the bones in the body
b. All the muscles and tendons
c. All the body's organs, both soft and hard tissue
d. All the bones in the body and the tissues that connect them
24. B How many bones are there in the average person's body?
a. 33
b. 206
c. 639
d. It varies by the individual.
25. C Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?
a. Bone is where most blood cells are made.
b. Bone serves as a storehouse for various minerals
c. Bone is a dry and non-living supporting structure
d. Bone protects and supports the body and its organs.
26. B Which bone protects the brain?
a. Calcium
b. The cranium
c. The cerebrum
d. The cerebellum
27. C The purpose of the rib cage is to...
a. protect the stomach
b. protect the spinal cord
c. protect the heart and lungs
d. provide an object to which the lungs can attach
28. D What makes bones so strong?
a. Silica
b. Cartilage
c. Blood and marrow
d. Calcium and phosphorous
29. B What is the difference between cartilage and bone?
a. Bone is rubbery, and cartilage is firm.
b. Cartilage is rubbery, and bone is firm.
c. Bone is a more primitive tissue than cartilage
d. Bone is inside the body, and cartilage is outside.
30. D The hollow space in the middle of bones is filled with ...
a. Air
b. Blood
c. bone cells
d. bone marrow
31. D What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
a. They have different bone marrow
b. They are made of different materials.
c. They have different sizes of bone cells.
d. They have different arrangement of bone cells.
32. C What is a joint?
a. A hinge
b. A ball and socket
c. The place where two bones are joined
d. The place where tendons are fastened together
33. Name the bones related to the following:
a. forehead – frontal
b. cheekbone – zygomatic
c. upper jaw – maxilla
d. lower jaw – mandible
34. State the function of the atlas and axis
Atlas- to move the head up and down
Axis: to move the head side to side
35. What are the differences among true, false, and floating ribs?
True: connect from the sternum to the vertabrae
False: Connect from another rib to the vertabrae
Floating: Connect only to the vertabrae
36. What are the two bones of the shoulder girdle?
Clavicle and scapula
37. What is the name of the bony part of the elbow? olecranon
Label the following diagrams: