ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN
UITGEGEVEN DOOR HET
RIJKSMUSEUM V A N NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE TE LEIDEN
(MINISTERIE V A N WELZIJN, V O L K S G E Z O N D H E I D E N C U L T U U R )
D e e l 56 n o . 22
13 a p r i l 1983
N O T E S O N T H E G E N U S ENOPLOMETOPUS,
W I T H DESCRIPTIONS
OF A N E W SUBGENUS A N D T W O N E W SPECIES
(CRUSTACEA DECAPODA, AXIIDAE)
by
L . B. H O L T H U I S
Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, T h e Netherlands
With 4 text-figures and 3 plates
T h e first species of the genus Enoplometopus to become k n o w n to science is E.
occidentalis, described i n 1840 by J . W . R a n d a l l u n d e r the name Nephrops occident a l i s a n d said to be "brought from the west coast of N o r t h A m e r i c a by M r . N u t t a l l " ( R a n d a l l , 1840: 139). T h e type locality i n d i c a t i o n is obvious erroneous as
the species does not seem to occur i n the eastern Pacific a n d is quite c o m m o n i n
the H a w a i i a n Islands; as T h o m a s N u t t a l l visited the H a w a i i a n Islands from
J a n u a r y to M a r c h 1835 a n d between September 1835 a n d M a r c h 1836, it is
most likely that his Enoplometopus material was obtained then. W e propose
therefore the corrected type locality indication ' H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s " .
4
In 1862 A . M i l n e E d w a r d s described a second species of the genus, E. pictus,
and proposed the new genus Enoplometopus for it. Several later authors
s y n o n y m i z e d R a n d a l l ' s a n d A . M i l n e E d w a r d s ' species, but B o u v i e r (1915: 5-9)
showed them to be two distinct species. T h e type locality of E. pictus is R e u n i o n
Island, a n d there are no reliable records of the species from other localities.
After 1862 six more new species of Enoplometopus were described: E. antillensis
Lütken, 1865, from the West Indies; E. dentatus M i e r s , 1880, from St. H e l e n a (a
j u n i o r s y n o n y m of E. antillensis, see G o r d o n , 1968: 80-90); E. longirostris D e
M a n , 1888, from A m b o i n a (a postlarval stage, possibly of E. occidentalis); E.
holthuisi G o r d o n , 1968, f r o m B a n d a , M o l u c c a s , Indonesia; E. callistus Intès & L e
Loeuff, 1970, off T a k o r a d i , G h a n a , 5 ° 3 0 ' N 2 ° W ; E. biafri B u r u k o v s k y , 1972,
off the N i g e r delta, N i g e r i a , 4 ° 0 2 - 4 ° 0 2 ' 9 N 6 ° 3 0 ' - 6 ° 3 5 ' 5 " E (a j u n i o r
s y n o n y m of E. callistus). O f the 5 species recognized at present as v a l i d , two are
A t l a n t i c (E. antillensis a n d E. callistus) a n d 3 Indo-West Pacific (E. occidentalis, E.
,
pictus, a n d E.
, ,
holthuisi).
T h e genus can be sharply d i v i d e d into two groups, w h i c h i n m y o p i n i o n
should be considered subgenera:
Enoplometopus A . M i l n e E d w a r d s , 1862(:14). T y p e species, by m o n o t y p y :
Enoplometopus pictus A . M i l n e E d w a r d s , 1862. G e n d e r : masculine. C a r a p a c e w i t h
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ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 56 (1983)
2 intermediate spines a n d at most 1 postcervical spine. P l e u r a of a b d o m i n a l
somites broadly r o u n d e d , without a sharply pointed, posteriorly directed tooth.
T e l s o n w i t h a single spine i n the middle of each lateral m a r g i n .
H o p l o m e t o p u s new subgenus. T y p e species: Enoplometopus antillensis Lütken,
1865. G e n d e r : masculine. Carapace w i t h 1 intermediate a n d 2 postcervical
spines. P l e u r a of a b d o m i n a l somites II to V each with a strong posteriorly curved
sharp tooth o n the distal m a r g i n . T e l s o n with two spines i n the middle of either
lateral m a r g i n .
T h e new subgenus contains three species: the type (E. antillensis), E. holthuisi
and E. callistus. T h e n o m i n o t y p i c a l subgenus at present is formed of 4 species,
v i z . , the type (E. pictus), E. occidentalis, a n d the two new species described below.
Because of their bright colouration the species of Enoplometopus caught the attention of the a q u a r i u m trade. W h e n it proved that the animals are not too difficult to keep i n captivity, this interest became even greater. Specimens were
m a i n l y imported from the Indo-West Pacific region. In a beautifully illustrated
article i n an a q u a r i u m j o u r n a l D a u m (1982: 265-268) discussed the possibilities
of keeping Enoplometopus i n tropical m a r i n e a q u a r i a .
T h r o u g h the kindness of M r . H e l m u t Debelius of I k a n , A g e n t u r für
populärwissenschaftliche Unterwasserthemen, i n F r a n k f u r t , F . R . G e r m a n y , I
was able to examine numerous colour slides and specimens of Enoplometopus i m ported into G e r m a n y . A m o n g these I found two that showed a colour pattern
strikingly different from that of the k n o w n species, a n d a closer examination p r o ved these to be undescribed species. T h e locality of o r i g i n of most a q u a r i u m
specimens is usually only vaguely or not at all indicated, a n d i n some cases quite
unreliable. Therefore it was most fortunate that of both new species material
could be e x a m i n e d that was collected for scientific purposes and provided w i t h
accurate collecting data. T h e holotype of E. debelius, collected i n H a w a i i a n
waters, was sent to me by D r . M a r y K . W i c k s t e n of Texas A a n d M U n i v e r s i t y ,
College Station, T e x a s , to w h o m I express m y deep gratitude. D r . R a y m o n d B .
M a n n i n g k i n d l y allowed me to examine the holotype of E. daumi a n d other
specimens i n the collection of the D i v i s i o n of C r u s t a c e a , N a t i o n a l M u s e u m of
N a t u r a l H i s t o r y , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . T o M r . M i c h a e l Türkay I a m indebted for
placing at m y disposal two specimens of E. debelius donated by M r . Debelius to
the Senckenberg M u s e u m , F r a n k f u r t , G e r m a n y . M r . D . D e v a n e y , Bishop
M u s e u m , H o n o l u l u , permitted me to study interesting Pacific specimens of
Enoplometopus from the collections under his care. D r . Isabella G o r d o n , L o n d o n ,
D r . J . C . Y a l d w y n , W e l l i n g t o n , a n d M r . S. W . T i n k e r , H o n o l u l u , I have to
thank for p r o v i d i n g me with colour slides of Enoplometopus occidentalis from K e n y a
and H a w a i i .
K e y to the species of the subgenus Enoplometopus s.s.
1. N o postcervical spine o n the carapace. U p p e r m a r g i n of dactylus of large
chelipeds with spines over the full length. N u m e r o u s coloured eyespots on the
carapace: E. pictus
H O L T H U I S , NOTES O N E N O P L O M E T O P U S
283
— A postcervical spine present. Dactylus of large chelipeds with 2 or 3 distal
spines o n dorsal m a r g i n , b e h i n d w h i c h the m a r g i n is smooth or provided w i t h
low blunt tubercles. N o (or at most very few) eyespots o n the carapace. 2.
2. Five m e d i a n spines o n carapace. R o s t r u m elongate, n a r r o w , reaching to or
beyond end of antennular peduncle. C o l o r dark red all over w i t h some small
white spots o n abdomen and fewer o n carapace: E. occidentalis
— F o u r m e d i a n spines o n carapace. R o s t r u m rather b r o a d , blunt a n d short,
reaching about to the middle of the last segment of the antennular peduncle.
C o l o u r purple and b r o w n . 3.
3. Lateral surface of carapace w i t h vertical streaks of a reddish b r o w n colour.
A b d o m e n with ocellated spots: E. daumi
— Carapace and abdomen regularly covered w i t h numerous large r o u n d e d p u r ple non-ocellated spots (polka-dotted): E. debelius
Enoplometopus (Enoplometopus) debelius new species
(figs. 1, 2; pis. 1, 2)
? Ertoplometopus occidentalis - K u b o , 1952: 97, text-fig. 3, pi. 6.
Material examined: M a k a p u u Point, H o n o l u l u , eastpoint of O a h u , Hawaiian Islands, 2 1 ° 1 9 ' N
1 5 7 ° 3 9 ' W ; collected at night among coral rubble with handnet; depth 25 m ; 1500 m offshore; 2
January 1981, 2 0 h - 2 1 h ; leg. A . Kerstitch. — 1 O* holotype. (Museum Leiden).
30
30
Indonesia; 1981; Zoozentrum Höchst vend. — 2 9 paratypes. (Museum Senckenberg).
Indonesia; 1982; H . Debelius don. — 1 moult. (Museum Leiden).
Description. — Size: the holotype crhas the carapace 22 m m l o n g ; the
carapace length of the paratype females is 21 m m , that of the moult is 24 m m .
T h e r o s t r u m fails to reach the end of the scaphocerite a n d attains about the
middle of the last segment of the antennular peduncle. It is rather wide w i t h a
blunt t i p , the distal of the lateral teeth reaching beyond the m i d d l e of the tooth
that forms the t i p . It is m u c h less slender than i n E. occidentalis. T h e armament of
the r o s t r u m a n d carapace is almost the same as i n E. occidentalis: there are three
lateral teeth o n the r o s t r u m and the carapace bears one large supra-ocular spine,
2 intermediate, 4 m e d i a n , 1 postcervical a n d 3 lateral spines. Instead of the
anterior (5th) m e d i a n spine of E. occidentalis there is a slight elevation with 1 or 2
long hairs. T h e lower orbital angle ends i n a sharp antennal tooth. A strong
branchiostegal tooth is also present; it is m u c h stronger than i n E. occidentalis.
T h e surface of the carapace is closely beset with very short hairs, a m o n g w h i c h
some longer hairs are placed. N o incisura clavicularis is present.
T h e abdomen is smooth a n d has the same pubescence as the carapace: a dense
cover of short hairs i n t e r m i x e d with a few long hairs. T h e pleuron of the first
somite is short, triangular, with a blunt t i p ; it is largely hidden below the very
wide pleuron of the second somite. T h e pleuron of the second somite overlaps
both those of the first a n d third somites; it bears no tooth, the anterior part is
somewhat produced a n d r o u n d e d , the posterior part is shorter a n d with an i n distinct blunt angle. T h e pleura of the third to fifth somites end i n a blunt
284
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 56 (1983)
F i g . 1. Enoplometopus debelius new species, ma le holotype. a , a nterior pa rt of body in la tera l view
(showing colour pa ttern); b, ca ra pa ce a nd eyes in dorsal view; c, a bdomen in lateral view; d , telson,
in dorsa l view; e, sca phocerite; f, third ma xilliped; g, first cheliped; h, chela of second pereiopod.
a-c, g, χ 3; d-f, χ 6; h , χ 12.
H O L T H U I S , NOTES ON E N O P L O M E T O P U S
285
posterolateral angle. T h e pleuron of the sixth som ite has a short but distinct
tooth placed near the top (in E. occidentalis this tooth is hardly visible or absent).
T h e posterior m a r g i n of the sixth somite shows a deep incision at a short distance
from the lateral m a r g i n , so that a posterolateral truncated lobe is form ed; the
sides of this lobe are parallel, its angles r o u n d e d . T h e rest of the m a r g i n is
sinuate w i t h a sm all m edian lobe.
T h e telson is trapezoid and about as long as wide. T h e posterior m a r g i n is
r o u n d e d . T h e upper surface of the telson carries a single m obile spine near the
middle of either lateral m a r g i n . T h e r e are three short spines at either
posterolateral angle, the inner of these spines is longer than the outer two. T h e
Fig. 2. Enoplometopus debelius new species, a , b, d , f, holotype ma le; c, e, pa ra type fema le, a , third
pereiopod; b, fifth pereiopod; c, da ctylus a nd pa rt of propodus of fifth pereiopod of fema le; d,
thoracic sternum, ma le; e, thora cic sternum, fema le; f, first pleopod, ma le, a , b, d , e, χ 6; c, f, χ 12.
286
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 56 (1983)
upper surface of the telson shows 7 very short transverse setiferous grooves: one
m e d i a n at the end of the basal t h i r d , two submedian at 2/3 of the length of the
telson, and 4 very short ones just before the posterior m a r g i n .
T h e eyes are well developed, globular, w i t h the black cornea longer but slightly narrower than the stalk.
T h e three segments of the antennular peduncle become progressively shorter
distally. T h e t h i r d shows a sharp spine near the base of the outer (wider) of the
two flagella.
T h e scaphocerite reaches distinctly farther forwards than the antennular
peduncle. It is triangular w i t h the inner m a r g i n distinctly convex, b e i n g wider i n
the anterior half than that of E. occidentalis, w h i c h is more n a r r o w l y t r i a n g u l a r .
T h e antennal peduncle reaches slightly beyond the scaphocerite. A strong outer
spine is present on the basis near the i m p l a n t a t i o n of the scaphocerite. T h e coxa
likewise bears a very strong ventral spine.
T h e dactylus of the t h i r d m a x i l l i p e d is half as l o n g as the propodus. T h e carpus bears a very small single anteroventral tooth; this tooth, w h i c h is m u c h
smaller than that i n E. occidentalis is easily overlooked. T h e merus has the upper
m a r g i n e n d i n g i n a distinct sharp anterodorsal spine; the lower m a r g i n ends i n a
strong anteroventral spine, while a second slightly smaller spine is placed
somewhat before the middle of the ventral m a r g i n . A distinct ridge extends along
the dorsal m a r g i n of the i s c h i u m w h i c h ends i n a single spine; the outer lower
m a r g i n is u n a r m e d , but the inner lower m a r g i n ends i n a c u r v e d strong spine
followed by a row of spinules.
T h e first chelipeds, left and right, are of practically the same size a n d shape.
T h e y reach w i t h the chelae beyond the scaphocerite. I n the larger chela the
fingers are about 2/3 as l o n g as the p a l m (measured dorsally). I n the small chela
the fingers are 7/8 of the length of the p a l m . T h e chelae are about three times as
l o n g as wide. T h e dactylus of the large chela has two subdistal dorsal spines
followed by a single row of about 6 tubercles, w h i c h are placed closest together
distally and occupy slightly more than the distal half of the upper m a r g i n . In the
smaller chela the upper m a r g i n of the dactylus has only two small tubercles i m mediately b e h i n d the subdistal spines, the rest of the m a r g i n is smooth. T h e i n ner and outer surfaces of the dactylus m a y have 1 to 3 blunt spinules i n the extreme basal part a n d 1 to 4 just above the cutting edge; otherwise the surface is
smooth. T h e cutting edges of both fingers carry 3 or 4 larger teeth i n between
w h i c h there are 3 to 8 smaller ones. T h e anterior m a r g i n of the p a l m , near the
base of the dactylus, has two blunt spines both o n the i n n e r a n d o n the outer surface. T h e upper m a r g i n of the p a l m bears a row of 5 spines, the anterior of w h i c h
is single, the other four double, so that actually there are 9 spines. Some m u c h
smaller additional spinules or tubercles are present there. T h e lower m a r g i n of
the p a l m and the fixed finger bears a row of distinct spines; the distal spines of
this row are double. A m o n g the spines several granules are placed, while a
longitudinal row of granules is present o n the inner surface of the p a l m just
above the spines of the ventral m a r g i n . O n they upper surface of the p a l m there
H O L T H U I S , NOTES ON E N O P L O M E T O P U S
287
are scattered granules; there is a m e d i a n row of granules, w h i c h are often slightly
larger than the others, a n d the distal granule of w h i c h is double. I n the l i v i n g
a n i m a l these granules are quite conspicuous as they are of a darker colour than the
rest of the p a l m . T h e lower surface of the p a l m has similar, but fewer granules.
T h e upper surface of the carpus bears several spines: (a) 3 o r 4 o n the anterior
m a r g i n , the inner 2 of w h i c h are large a n d flattened, the outer 1 or 2 are smaller
a n d more c y l i n d r i c a l ; 2 or 3 granules usually are placed a m o n g these teeth, (b) a
large slender spine o n the inner m a r g i n , a n d (c) 3 spines a n d 3 to 5 granules o n
the upper surface itself. T h e lower surface of the carpus shows a strong curved
spine on the inner m a r g i n ; the anterior m a r g i n bears two strong spines i n the i n ner part a n d 1 or 2 smaller spines a n d a granule i n the outer, the surface itself is
smooth. T h e upper m a r g i n of the merus bears 2 d i v e r g i n g rows of 4 strong
spines each, b e h i n d w h i c h there is a row of 3 single spines. T w o strong spines are
placed o n the inner anterior m a r g i n near the articulation between merus a n d
carpus. T h e lower surface shows 2 d i v e r g i n g rows of about 6 strong spines each;
here too the anterior m a r g i n bears two strong spines near the articulation point.
A p a r t f r o m a few granules near the lower outer m a r g i n , the lateral surfaces of the
merus are smooth. T h e i s c h i u m shows a single anterodorsal spine, a ventral row
of 6 spines increasing i n length distally a n d a single spine plus a few granules or
spinules o n the outer surface near the distal end of the ventral row of spines.
T h e second pereiopod reaches w i t h slightly less than half the propodus beyond
the scaphocerite. T h e dactylus is distinctly longer than the fixed finger a n d
measures 1/3 of the length of the p a l m . It ends i n two horn-coloured spines, the
outer of w h i c h is the longer a n d is followed by about 17 small comb-like arranged
spinules, w h i c h extend over the cutting edge. T h e outer surface of the dactylus
carries 1 strong a n d 2 small spines i n the p r o x i m a l half; the inner surface carries
only the single distal spine. T h e fixed finger is very short a n d stubby a n d ends i n
2 strong spines placed side by side; it has no other spines, but a row of m i n u t e
spinules, about 6 i n n u m b e r , is placed o n the cutting edge b e h i n d the large
spines. T h e propodus is slender, twice as l o n g as the carpus, a n d apart from
those of the fixed finger, bears no spines at a l l . T h e carpus carries a very strong
anteroventral spine. T h e merus is as l o n g as or slightly longer than the propodus
a n d shows a strong anteroventral spine. T h e i s c h i u m is short a n d u n a r m e d .
T h e t h i r d pereiopod reaches w i t h less than 1/3 of the chela beyond the
scaphocerite. T h e outer surface of the dactylus is p r o v i d e d w i t h 4 spines: 2 very
strong a n d two smaller. T h e cutting edge, b e h i n d the distal spine bears a row of
small comb-like arranged spinules. T h e inner surface of the dactylus has two
spines, one near the tip a n d one m o r e p r o x i m a l l y . T h e fixed finger is very short
and blunt a n d bears two very strong spines w h i c h reach about 2/3 of the length of
the dactylus; b e h i n d these two strong spines the cutting edge bears a row of
about 4 m i n u t e spinules. T h e propodus is about 3 times as l o n g as the dactylus
a n d is about 5 times as l o n g as wide. T h e posterior m a r g i n of the propodus bears
5 to 7 spines (some i n pairs) i n the distal 2/3 of its length. T h e carpus is about
half as l o n g as the propodus a n d carries an anteroventral spine. T h e merus is
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(1983)
about as l o n g as or slightly longer than the propodus a n d likewise possesses a n
anteroventral spine o n the outer surface, the anteroventral angle of the inner
surface is r o u n d e d . T h e anterior m a r g i n of the coxa shows a n inner spine a n d
some granules.
T h e fourth pereiopod reaches the m i d d l e of the scaphocerite. It resembles the
t h i r d leg i n m a n y respects. H o w e v e r , the distal spine o n the inner surface of the
dactylus is placed so close to the cutting edge that it almost is i n one line w i t h the
tip of the dactylus a n d the row of comb-like arranged spinules. A p a r t from this
large spine the inner surface of the dactylus bears one or two more i n the p r o x i m a l part.
T h e fifth leg is shorter than the others and does not reach the anterior m a r g i n
of the carapace. T h e dactylus of the male is slightly more than 1/3 of the length of
the propodus and bears on the cutting edge 3 large spines a n d a c o m b of about 6
very small spinules. N o spines are present o n the outer surface of the dactylus,
but the inner surface carries 4 large spines. T h e anteroventral angle of the p r o podus is hardly produced a n d carries 4 or 5 strong spines. T h e ventral m a r g i n
shows 3 transverse rows of very densely placed setae i n the extreme distal part,
a n d 3 spines, the anterior 2 of w h i c h are paired. T h e carpus is somewhat more
than half as l o n g as the propodus a n d the merus is slightly shorter than the p r o podus. N e i t h e r carpus nor merus shows an anteroventral spine. N o r is there a
spine o n the coxa. T h e fifth leg of the female differs from that of the male i n that
the dactylus shows a spoon-shaped process, w h i c h , w i t h a group of about 4 closely placed spinules on the anteroventral m a r g i n of the propodus, forms a k i n d of
pincer-like organ reminiscent of the pincers at the fifth legs i n the female of
numerous P a l i n u r i d e a . T h e process o n the dactylus is short, stubby w i t h a
r o u n d e d distal m a r g i n c a r r y i n g a distal r i m of numerous granules; by a m o v e ment of the dactylus it can be opposed to the group of blunt spines of the p r o podus.
B e h i n d the bases of the first pereiopod there is a n a r r o w m e d i a n sternal p r o cess that ends i n three spines arranged i n a triangle, p o i n t i n g d o w n a n d slightly
forward. T h e sternal plate b e h i n d the second pereiopods is slender a n d ends
anteriorly into two spines, the basal half of the plate is wider a n d has a strong
spine at either side. I n the males the sternal plate b e h i n d the t h i r d pereiopods is
m u c h wider than that b e h i n d the second, but it has the same arrangement of
spines. In the females the anterior part of this plate is the same as i n the males,
but the posterior part is covered by the receptaculum seminis. I n the male the
sternal plate b e h i n d the fourth legs is still wider than the foregoing, a n d it has the
anterior m a r g i n produced forward between a n d beyond the anterior two spines;
the wider posterior half of the plate has two spines o n either lateral m a r g i n . A t
the base of the fifth male leg there is a small a n d low vertical truncated plate,
w h i c h ends i n a small anteroventral tooth. I n the female the receptaculum
seminis occupies the thoracic sternum from the female openings o n the t h i r d legs
to the bases of the fifth. It has a blunt anterior e n d , while the posterior end is
m u c h wider, but also blunt. T h e anterior half of the receptaculum bears a lateral
H O L T H U I S , NOTES ON ENOPLOMETOPUS
289
spine at each side; the posterior half has two spines o n each lateral m a r g i n , the
posterior spine, being the smaller, is sometimes indistinct.
T h e first pleopod of the male is similar to that of E. occidentalis, but has the
apex truncated rather than prolonged i n a n a r r o w point (cf. G o r d o n , 1968: 93,
fig. I I A ) . T h e endopod of the second pleopod bears two appendages of about
equal length, both of w h i c h end i n slender spines; the inner appendage is n a r r o w
and of about the same w i d t h throughout, the outer is slightly shorter and w i d e n ed i n the distal half.
T h e protopodite of the u r o p o d ends dorsally into 2 lobes, each with a sharp
spine-like apex. T h e uropodal endopod is shorter than the telson a n d bears a
distinct posterolateral spine. T h e exopod is slightly longer; it has a distinct
diaeresis, w h i c h forms a movable connection between the anterior a n d posterior
parts. T h e diaeresis has a strong outer fixed spine followed by a stronger
movable one; over the rest of the diaeresis there are about 17 immovable spines,
the one i n the middle being largest.
C o l o u r . — T h e body is whitish or very pale p u r p l e , being darker dorsally than
laterally. O n this back g r o u n d there are numerous regularly distributed large
and sharply defined r o u n d e d spots of a p u r p l i s h red or dark purple colour, g i v i n g
the a n i m a l a definitely polka-dotted appearance. T h i s pattern is most
characteristic for the species. T h e spots occur all over the carapace a n d abdomen
and are placed somewhat closer together o n the abdomen. T h e spines o n the
carapace are dark red or dark purple w i t h a white t i p . T h e short hairs o n the
body are dark red or dark purple i n colour, .he l o n g hairs are of two k i n d s : some
are u n i f o r m l y dark red a n d slender, they are found o n the r o s t r u m , the tail fan
and the appendages. T h e second type has the basal part white a n d the distal part
dark r e d , usually iridescent; this type is less frequent a n d found only o n the dorsal surface of the a n i m a l , v i z . , o n the carapace a n d abdomen (often arranged i n
transverse rows o n each somite), o n the tail fan a n d o n the large chelipeds.
T h e antennulae a n d antennae, i n c l u d i n g the flagella, are u n i f o r m l y orange
b r o w n ; only the outer m a r g i n of the scaphocerite a n d that of the antennal p e d u n cle are somewhat darker than the rest.
T h e t h i r d m a x i l l i p e d is orange b r o w n w i t h pale bands near the articulations.
T h e large chelipeds have the p a l m (both the dorsal a n d the ventral surfaces) of
a u n i f o r m purple colour, only the granules are of a darker purple. T h e fingers
are orange-pink w i t h about 4 darker p u r p l i s h bands. T h e spines of the cheliped
are red or purple w i t h a white top. T h e carpus is of the same purple colour as the
chela. T h e merus is paler and shows some purple spots like those of the carapace
but m u c h paler a n d less distinct. T h e following pereiopods have the dactylus,
propodus, carpus a n d merus u n i f o r m l y orange-brown, the basal segments are
spotted w i t h white.
T h e lower surface of the body (the thoracic as well as the
plus the bases of the pereiopods show spots like those of the
body. T h e second to fifth pleopods have the protopod
longitudinal red stripe over the endo- a n d exopod. T h e
a b d o m i n a l sternites)
dorsal surface of the
pale, w i t h a b r o a d
first pleopod of the
290
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 56 (1983)
female is uncoloured except for a red spot at the end of the protopodite. T h e tail
fan is spotted like the rest of the abdomen. T h e r e is a large dark purple spot o n
the exopodite b e h i n d the diaeresis.
R e m a r k s . — M o r p h o l o g i c a l l y the present new species strongly resembles E.
occidentalis, but differs i n the shorter a n d blunter r o s t r u m , the wider a n d more
semicircular scaphocerite, the m u c h smaller spine o n the carpus of the t h i r d
m a x i l l i p e d , the spines o n the ventral m a r g i n of the merus of the t h i r d m a x i l l i p e d
which are placed wider apart, and the presence of posterior spines o n the p r o podus of the t h i r d pereiopod. B u t the most striking character of the species,
w h i c h distinguishes it from all other k n o w n species of the genus, is its p u r p l e spotted colour pattern.
K u b o (1952: 97, text fig. 3, p i . 6) gave a description a n d illustrations of an
Enoplometopus from T a i j i , W a k a y a m a Prefecture, J a p a n , under the name
Enoplometopus occidentalis ( R a n d a l l ) . T h e colour pattern of the a n i m a l as described
by K u b o and clearly shown i n his p i . 6, however, is quite distinct from that of
R a n d a l l ' s species and m u c h more resembles that of E. debelius. A difference is
that K u b o stated the colour of the spots to be ' 'rather deep chrome orange c o l o u r " , and not purple. T h e t h i r d m a x i l l i p e d as shown by K u b o is very m u c h like
that of the present new species. K u b o stated that the carpus does not bear any
spine, but the small spine present i n E. debelius is easily overlooked, while that of
E. occidentalis is distinct. K u b o ' s figure of the first male pleopod also shows the
top b l u n t , as i n the new species.
It is a pleasure to name this beautiful a n d characteristic new species for M r .
H e l m u t Debelius, who first drew m y attention to the a n i m a l a n d p r o v i d e d
material and coloured slides of i t , i n this way enabling me to give a n extensive
morphological as well as a colour description of the species. M r . Debelius was
also instrumental i n starting me o n the present study.
D i s t r i b u t i o n . — E v i d e n t l y the species has a wide range: Indonesia to H a w a i i
and perhaps J a p a n .
Enoplometopus (Enoplometopus) daumi new species
(figs. 3, 4a; pis. 3, 4)
Enoplometopus pictus - D a u m , 1982: 267, 268, 2 figs, (not E. pictus A . M i l n e Edwards, 1862).
Material examined: S . E . coast of N a i r a , Banda Archipelago, Moluccas, Indonesia, 4 ° 2 0 ' 3 0 ' S
,
1 2 9 ° 5 4 ' 2 0 " E ; depth 10-30 feet ( = 0.3-1
m), collected with rotenone; 8 M a r c h 1974; leg. V . C .
Springer, no. 74-9. — 1er holotype ( U . S . National M u s e u m , Washington D . C . ) .
D e s c r i p t i o n . — Size: the carapace length of the holotype is 25.6 m m .
T h e r o s t r u m almost reaches the end of the blade of the scaphocerite, but
distinctly fails to attain the end of the antennular peduncle. It is somewhat wider
than i n E. occidentalis, but has the same armament of three lateral teeth o n either
side. L i k e i n E. debelius there are 1 supra-ocular, 2 intermediate, 3 lateral, 1
postcervical a n d 4 m e d i a n spines o n the carapace. T h e postcervical spine is very
HOLTHUIS, NOTES ON ENOPLOMETOPUS
291
small, a n d instead of the fifth ( = anterior) m e d i a n spine there is a slight m e d i a n
elevation w i t h two l o n g setae. T h e rest of the carapace is as i n E. occidentalis.
A l s o the abdomen is m u c h like that of E. occidentalis.
T h e propodus of the t h i r d m a x i l l i p e d is almost twice as l o n g as the dactylus.
T h e carpus has no spine. T h e spines of merus a n d i s c h i u m are as i n E. occidentalis.
In both first chelipeds the fingers are distinctly longer than the p a l m . T h e
chela is 4 times as l o n g as wide. T h e dactylus has a spinulation similar to that
found i n E. occidentalis. T h e lower m a r g i n of the p a l m a n d the fixed finger has a
single row of well developed spines, i n t e r m i n g l e d w i t h a few tubercles. T h e u p per m a r g i n of the p a l m has a row of 5 pairs of strong spines. T h e p a l m shows o n
either surface a single or double m e d i a n row of tubercles and some scattered
tubercles. T h e spinulation of the cheliped is similar to that i n E. occidentalis.
T h e dactylus of the second pereiopod bears a few (about 3) spines o n the outer
surface a n d none o n the i n n e r . T h e t h i r d pereiopod reaches slightly less far forw a r d than the second. T h e dactylus is similar to that of E. occidentalis but the
spines o n the outer surface are m u c h longer, the longest reaching almost to the
apex of the dactylus; the inner surface bears two spines. T h e posterior m a r g i n of
the propodus carries two distinct spines i n the distal part; the propodus itself is
about 6.5 times as l o n g as wide.
T h e fourth pereiopod reaches to the end of the scaphocerite a n d attains the
middle of the propodus of the second pereiopod. T h e dactylus ends i n 2 claws
b e h i n d w h i c h there is a row of m i n u t e spinules; two slender spines are placed o n
the inner surface a n d about 5 o n the outer. T h e fixed finger ends i n two strong
spines w i t h a t h i r d near their base. T h e propodus has 5 spines distributed over
the posterior m a r g i n , the distal of these is double. T h e propodus is 7 times as
l o n g as wide.
T h e dactylus of the fifth leg ends i n two teeth, the inner surface shows a single
spine a n d a spoon-shaped process, w h i c h with a small process of the propodus (at
the place of the fixed finger) w h i c h bears a few blunt spines, forms a k i n d of
p r i m i t i v e chela. T h e outer surface of the dactylus has 5 spines.
T h e sternite of the first pereiopod has the central process e n d i n g i n two small
submedian spines followed by a very small m e d i a n spinule. T h e sternite of the
second pereiopod resembles that of E. occidentalis. T h e receptaculum seminis is
similar to that of E. occidentalis h a v i n g o n each side an anterolateral ridge w i t h
one and a posterolateral ridge w i t h two low blunt teeth.
N o male specimen has been e x a m i n e d .
C o l o u r . — T h e g r o u n d colour of the body is very pale b r o w n i s h or p u r p l i s h ,
almost w h i t i s h , darker dorsally than ventrally. O n this b a c k g r o u n d there is a c o l our pattern of b r o w n a n d purple. T h e p u r p l i s h colour is most distinct o n the first
chelipeds, the r o s t r u m a n d the dorsal part of the carapace. T h e lower half of the
carapace a n d the abdomen give a more b r o w n impression. T h e lateral surface of
the carapace shows a distinct pattern of vertical b r o w n i s h or reddish b r o w n
bands, w h i c h are continuous i n the extreme lateral part, but interrupted i n the
292
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEL INGEN 56 (1983)
Fig. 3. Enoplometopus daumi new species, female holotype. a, carapace in lateral view, showing colour
pattern; b, carapace in dorsal view; c, chela of first cheliped; d, carpus, merus, and ischium of first
cheliped; e, propodus and dactylus of second leg, outside; f, propodus and dactylus of third leg, out­
side; g, propodus and dactylus of third leg, inside; h, propodus and dactylus of fourth leg, outside; i,
propodus and dactylus of fourth leg, inside; j , propodus and dactylus of fifth leg, outside, a­d, χ 3;
e­g, χ 9; h­j, χ 10.
HOLTHUIS, NOTES ON ENOPLOMETOPUS
293
rest of their length. A large dark purple spot is present immediately b e h i n d the
orbit, and a similar one o n the supra-ocular spine; the latter continues d o w n i n
an interrupted b a n d . T h e other interrupted bands, about 9 i n n u m b e r , are most
distinct laterally (ventrally). T h e rostrum is dark purple w i t h the distal part of
the spines bright white. O n the abdomen there are several eyespots consisting of
a white central spot surrounded by a b r o w n or reddish b r o w n r i n g . T h e first
somite shows three large eyespots dorsally: one i n the middle and 2 lateral. T h e
pleura of the following somites have an irregular pattern of eyespots and reddish
b r o w n dots and lines. Before the posterior m a r g i n of the tergites of the second to
fifth a b d o m i n a l somites there are 4 smaller eyespots: 2 submedian a n d 2 lateral.
A small m e d i a n eyespot is present i n the anterior half of the second somite. T h e
sixth somite shows some irregularly arranged eyespots over the entire dorsal surface. T h e antennulae and antennae are u n i f o r m l y b r o w n i s h , only the flagella of
the antennulae show a paler colour i n the distal part. T h e t h i r d m a x i l l i p e d is pale
with orange-brown bands near the articulations. T h e large chelipeds are p u r p l e ,
the chela is quite pale purple with the spines a n d spinules strikingly darker; the
tips of the spines are white. T h e surface of the p a l m is of a u n i f o r m pale purple
(except for the darker spinules), the fingers, however, show about 3 reddish
b r o w n bands. T h e carpus and the distal part of the merus are dark purple, the
spines being dark reddish purple w i t h white tips. T h e following pereiopods are
pale brownish w i t h white spots o n i s c h i u m a n d basis. T h e pleopods have
longitudinal white and b r o w n streaks and b r o w n setae. T h e uropods are m a r b l e d
with darker and paler b r o w n ; b e h i n d the diaeresis of the exopod there is a striki n g large p u r p l i s h blue spot.
T h i s colour description is based o n colour slides placed at m y disposal by M r .
H . Debelius. Some of M r . Debelius's colour photographs have been published,
under the name E. pictus, by D a u m (1982: 267, 268).
R e m a r k s . — T h e present species, like E. debelius, is very close to E. occidentalis,
but differs i n m i n o r , but important details. Especially the colour of the three
species, or rather their colour patterns, makes their distinction i n the field quite
easy. E. daumi a n d E. debelius do not seem to attain the length of E. occidentalis.
F u l l y adult specimens of the former two species reach a carapace length of 21 to
24 m m , while of E. occidentalis I have examined specimens w i t h the carapace
length of 40 to 60 m m .
T h e present new species is n a m e d for M r . W o l f g a n g D a u m , who was the first
to publish o n i t , p r o v i d i n g excellent colour photographs a n d interesting i n f o r m a tion on the biology. M r . D a u m ' s (1982) paper made the importance of the c o l our as a distinguishing character i n the genus Enoplometopus a m p l y clear, a n d
provided an impetus for the further study of the taxonomy of these animals.
A s to the behaviour of the species, D a u m (1982: 267, 268) described it as shy,
tolerant towards other invertebrates, but aggressive towards r i v a l specimens of
its o w n species, so that it is impossible to keep more than a single pair i n an
a q u a r i u m . T h e animals hide i n rock cavities, often w i t h only the chelae sticking
out.
294
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 56 (1983)
D i s t r i b u t i o n . — D a u m (1982) reported the species f r o m Indonesia a n d the
Philippines. T h e type locality is N a i r a Island, B a n d a A r c h i p e l a g o , M o l u c c a s ,
Indonesia.
Enoplometopus (Enoplometopus) occidentalis ( R a n d a l l , 1840)
(fig. 4b)
Nephrops occidentalis Randall, 1840:
139.
Enoplometopus occidentalis - Edmondson, 1933: 222; Edmondson, 1946: 257; Holthuis, 1946: 74, pl. 5
figs, a, c, f, i (here also older references); Barnard, 1947: 382; Barnard, 1950:
532,
fig.
100;
Matthews, 1954: 115, figs. 1-7; Tinker, 1965: 40, pi. 8; G o r d o n , 1968: 93, figs. 11, 12; Healy &
Yaldwyn, 1970: 56, 58, pi. 26; Intès & Le Loeuff, 1970: 1442, 1445; Burukovsky, 1972: 185,
(as E. occindentslis in key on p. 188);
Burukovsky, 1974:
109; M i c h e l , 1974:
188
255; D e L u c a &
D e L u c a , 1976: 48, fig.; Smale, 1976: 20, fig.; Crosnier, 1977: 237; Johnson, 1979: 326, 327, fig.;
D a u m , 1982: 265-268, 2 figs.
not Enoplometopus occidentalis - K u b o , 1952: 97, text fig. 3, pi. 6; George & George, 1979: 78, pi. 70
fig. 5.
Material examined: S . E . of South Island, Amirante Islands, western Indian Ocean; depth 0-15 feet;
2 M a r c h 1964; leg. J . Böhlke, D . Dockins, R . Rosenblatt, W . Starck and J . T y l e r , H O E Sta. F-75.
— 1 9 ( U . S . National M u s e u m , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . ) .
A m b o i n a , Moluccas, Indonesia; 1863-1869; D . S. Hoedt. — 1 cr (Museum Leiden).
Honolulu fish market, O a h u , Hawaiian Islands; 1902; Albatross Expedition. — 10*(U.S. N a tional M u s e u m , Washington, D . C . ) .
M a u i , Hawaiian Islands; leg. D r . Winslow, don. J . S. Kingsley. — 3 9 ( U . S . National M u s e u m ,
Washington, D . C . ) .
Puako, H a w a i i , Hawaiian Islands; 1982; leg. S . J o h n s o n . — 1 sp. (Bishop M u s e u m , Honolulu).
T h i s seems to be the most c o m m o n species of the genus i n the Indo-West
Pacific region. W i t h E. pictus it is the largest species of the n o m i n o t y p i c a l
subgenus.
C o l o u r . — Enoplometopus occidentalis can at once be distinghuished f r o m the
other species of the genus by its colour and colour pattern.
T h e entire a n i m a l is of a brilliantly red colour, w h i c h extends rather u n i f o r m l y
over the whole body. T h e spines are r e d , but most have a brilliantly white or pale
tip. T h e r e are about 4 bright white spots o n the lateral surface of the carapace;
these are usually surrounded by a dark red r i n g . O n e of these spots is placed i n
the center of the lateral surface of the carapace, the second some distance below
it; the other two are placed near the anterior m a r g i n : one b e h i n d the antennal
spine, the other farther d o w n . Some very small white spots, about 9 i n n u m b e r ,
are placed o n the posterior m a r g i n of the carapace. B e h i n d the postcervical spine
there is usually a white spot, w h i c h m a y take the shape of a very short transverse
white b a n d . Some white or whitish spots m a y also be present i n the m e d i a n part
of the r o s t r u m .
A large white spot is present o n the p l e u r o n of the first somite, it is ocellate by
the presence of a red r i n g a r o u n d the white; a similar but somewhat smaller spot
is found o n the base of each of the pleura of the following somites. T h e pleura
also have a white ocellate spot o n the distal m a r g i n , a n d sometimes additional
H O L T H U I S , NOTES O N E N O P L O M E T O P U S
295
smaller and less distinct spots, usually on the margins. The posterior margin of
the tergum of the first abdominal somite has a median, and at either side 2 or 3
smaller white spots; all these spots are very similar to those on the posterior
margin of the carapace and are much smaller than the spots on the pleura. The
terga of the second to fifth abdominal somites show 4 white spots at or somewhat
before the posterior margin: two are submedian, two are more lateral; the two
submedian of the second somite sometimes are partly fused. Where these spots
are placed some distance before the posterior margin, some very small pale spots
may be visible on the margin itself. Spots maybe present on the telson.
The flagella of the antennula are red with the distal end somewhat paler; the
antennal flagella are uniformly red. The antennular peduncle is red, sometimes
with pale spots. The antennal peduncle, including the scaphocerite usually has
some white or pale spots on a red background; the final tooth of the scaphocerite
is white.
The third maxillipeds are with some white or pale bands. The large chelae are
evenly red, with the tips of the spines white; some faint darker and lighter bands
may be observed on the fingers. The carpus and merus of the large chelipeds
have the same colour as the chela, but the merus may show some irregular pale
spots or areas. The following pereiopods are red with several narrow white
bands.
The uropods are red; the spines have white tips; some irregular pale or white
spots may be present.
Many (or all?) of the long hairs of the body have the distal part iridescent.
Fig. 4a. Enoplometopus daumi new species, female holotype, thoracic sternum, 4b. Enoplometopus occidentalis (Randall), male from A m b o i n a , anterior part of body in dorsal view, a, x 5; b, x 3.
296
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN 56 (1983)
T h e above colour description is based m a i n l y o n the published coloured
photographs of this species ( H e a l y & Y a l d w y n , 1970; J o h n s o n , 1979; D a u m ,
1982), o n published black a n d white photographs of l i v i n g or fresh specimens
( R a t h b u n , 1906; T i n k e r , 1965; S m a l e , 1976), o n colour slides of a l i v i n g
specimen from M o m b a s a , K e n y a (kindly placed at m y disposal by D r . Isabella
G o r d o n ) a n d such colour slides of specimens from the H a w a i i a n Islands (for
w h i c h I have to thank D r . J . C . Y a l d w y n a n d M r . S. W . T i n k e r ) . M o r e or less
extensive remarks o n the colour of the species have been published by R a t h b u n
(1906), B o u v i e r (1915), B a r n a r d (1950), T i n k e r (1965), G o r d o n (1968), and
D a u m (1982).
R e m a r k s . — A s discussed above (p. 290), the specimen reported from J a p a n
by K u b o (1952) under the name E. occidentalis, is not that species but more likely
E. debelius.
George & George (1979) published a coloured picture of an Enoplometopus
w h i c h they identified as E. occidentalis. T h e colour pattern of the a n i m a l ,
however, shows it to be E. holthuisi G o r d o n (q.v.).
T h e habitat of the present species was described by E d m o n d s o n (1933, 1946)
as follows: " o n the reefs and at depths of a few f a t h o m s \ T i n k e r (1965),
however, characterized the species as rare " i n shallow shore-line waters. It appears to live most c o m m o n l y at depths of one h u n d r e d feet or more o n the outer
side of the r e e f \ H e a l y & Y a l d w y n (1970) also reported it from " t h e reef e d g e " .
C r o s n i e r ' s (1977) specimens were obtained at a depth of 100 m . D a u m (1982)
described the animals as shy, h i d i n g i n cavities i n the rocks i n d a y t i m e , c o m i n g
out at night; the species does attack a n d eat small fishes, but, when well fed,
leaves other invertebrates i n peace. M a t t h e w s (1954) extensively dealt w i t h the
spermatophoric mass of this species.
V e r n a c u l a r names. — Several vernacular names have been published for the
species, all of them are artificial: W e s t e r n Lobster ( T i n k e r , 1965), R e e f Lobster
( H e a l y & Y a l d w y n , 1970), H a w a i i a n true Lobster (Johnson, 1979), H a w a i i a n
Lobster ( D a u m , 1982).
D i s t r i b u t i o n . — T h e species has a wide range i n the Indo-West Pacific region.
It is k n o w n with certainty from the following localities: N a t a l , South A f r i c a ( B a r n a r d , 1925, 1934, 1947, 1950; C . v o n Bonde & M a r c h a n d , 1935; ? Smale,
1976), M o m b a s a , K e n y a ( G o r d o n , 1968), M a u r i t i u s ( B o u v i e r , 1910, 1914,
1915; G o r d o n , 1968; M i c h e l , 1974), A m i r a n t e A r c h i p e l a g o (present paper),
A m b o i n a , M o l u c c a s , Indonesia ( M i e r s , 1880; D e M a n , 1888, 1924; O r t m a n n ,
1894; H o l t h u i s , 1946; G o r d o n , 1968; present paper), Sydney H a r b o u r ,
A u s t r a l i a ( D a u m , 1982), H e r o n Island, Great B a r r i e r Reef, Q u e e n s l a n d ,
A u s t r a l i a ( H e a l y & Y a l d w y n , 1970), H a w a i i a n Islands ( K i n g s l e y , 1883;
R a t h b u n , 1906; E d m o n d s o n , 1933; 1946; M a t t h e w s , 1954; T i n k e r , 1965;
D e L u c a & D e L u c a , 1976; J o h n s o n , 1979; D a u m , 1982; present paper). T h e
species has also been reported from B a n d a , M o l u c c a s , Indonesia (Balss, 1933)
a n d f r o m R e u n i o n a n d N . of M a d a g a s c a r (26°05 ' S 44°50 ' E ) ( C r o s n i e r , 1977);
however, no morphological details have been provide of these specimens, so that
,
297
H O L T H U I S , NOTES ON E N O P L O M E T O P U S
their identity is not quite certain. D a u m (1982) reported that he h a d received
material of this species from dealers i n East A f r i c a , C e y l o n a n d the P h i l i p p i n e s ,
indicating that the species i n all probability is found i n those areas. T h e type
locality indication ' T r o m the west coast of N o r t h A m e r i c a " obviously is incorrect a n d should be corrected to H a w a i i a n Islands. T h e H a w a i i a n Islands, n a m e ly is the only part of the k n o w n range of the species visited by the collector of the
type m a t e r i a l , T h o m a s N u t t a l l . T h e type material has been discussed by R a n d a l l
(1840), G i b b e s (1850, 1852), Stimpson (1857), O r t m a n n (1897), K i n g s l e y
(1899), a n d R a t h b u n (1906).
Enoplometopus (Hoplometopus) holthuisi G o r d o n , 1968
Enoplometopus antillensis - Holthuis, 1946: 79, pl. 5 figs, b, d, e, g, h, j , k. 1, pi. 6 figs, a-e, pi. 7 figs, a,
b (not Enoplometopus antillensis Lütken, 1865).
Enoplometopus holthuisi G o r d o n , 1968: 81, 90, figs. 2, 8-10;
Burukovsky, 1972:
185, 188; Burukovsky, 1974:
Intès & Le Loeuff, 1970:
1442,
1447;
109; D a u m , 1982: 265-267, 2 figs.
Enoplometopus occidentalis - George & George, 1979: 78, pi. 70 fig. 5 (not E. occidentalis (Randall)).
Material examined: Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands; mooring buoy pinnacle, in ledge, 20 m
deep; February 1982; S. Johnson. — fragments (Bishop M u s e u m , Honolulu).
Puako, H a w a i i , Hawaiian Islands; S. Johnson. — 2 specimens (Bishop M u s e u m , Honolulu).
C o l o u r . — T h e species is of a predominantly red or orange red colour. T h e
lateral surface of the carapace shows a distinct pale circle i n its central part;
w i t h i n the circle one or two small pale spots m a y be seen. T h e lateral surface of
the carapace outside the circle often is provided w i t h an irregular pattern of pale
lines. Some (or all) of the a b d o m i n a l somites bear a large m e d i a n white spot o n
the dorsal surface and an ocellate white red-ringed spot at the base of the p l e u r a .
T h e antennae a n d antennulae are red w i t h white spots o n both the antennal a n d
antennular peduncles. T h e t h i r d m a x i l l i p e d is banded red a n d white. T h e large
chelipeds are red w i t h the spines white. T h e fingers are banded; the p a l m is red
w i t h lighter and darker bands, w h i c h m a y be inconspicuous. T h e following
pereiopods are banded red and white; the white bands being the narrower. T h i s
description is based o n the published coloured figures of the species (by D a u m ,
1982, a n d George & George, 1979).
R e m a r k s . — T h e species w h i c h u n t i l recently was only k n o w n from the type
material, has now been reported from a rather large area a n d even is imported to
E u r o p e by the a q u a r i u m trade. Its habits are stated by D a u m (1982) to be
similar to those of E. occidentalis, but it is less shy a n d like the other species of the
genus it can be kept i n the a q u a r i u m without too m a n y difficulties.
T h e specimen figured by George & George (1979) under the name E. occidentalis, j u d g i n g by its colour pattern belongs to E. holthuisi.
D i s t r i b u t i o n . — T h e type locality is B a n d a Island, M o l u c c a s , Indonesia.
George & George (1979) reported their a n i m a l f r o m " d e e p e r parts of reefs i n the
I n d o - P a c i f i c \ D a u m (1982) received the species from the P h i l i p p i n e s a n d stated
that " i n z w i s c h e n wurde sie auch schon u m H a w a i i fotografiert".
,
298
ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDEL INGEN 56 (1983)
REFERENCES
T h e references to Enoplometopus occidentalis cited b y H o l t h u i s (1946) are not
repeated here.
BARNARD, K . H . , 1947. Descriptions of new species of South African decapod Crustacea, with notes
on synonymy and new records. A n n . M a g . nat. H i s t . , (11) 13: 361­392.
, 1950. Descriptive catalogue of South African decapod Crustacea. A n n . S. African M u s . , 38:
1­837, figs. 1­154.
BURUKOVSKY, R . N . , 1972. Enoplometopus biafri ­ novyi vid raka iz semeistva Nephropidae
(Decapoda, Crustacea). Enoplometopus biafri ­ new lobster species of the family Nephropidae
(Decapoda, Crustacea). T r u d y Atlantniro, 42: 180­189, figs. 1, 2.
, 1974. Opredelitely krevetok, langustov i omarov (Keys for the identification of shrimps, spiny
lobsters and lobsters): 1­126, figs. 1­189.
CROSNIER, Α . , 1977. Données sur les Crustacés Décapodes capturés par M . Paul Guézé à l'île de la
Réunion lors d'essais de pêche en eau profonde. T r a v . D o c u m . O R S T O M , 47: 225­256, text
figs. 1­9, pis. 1, 2.
DAUM, W . , 1982. Ueber die Gattung Enoplometopus. Grosskrebse im A q u a r i u m . 3. Die Aquarien­
und Terrarien­Zeitschr., 35 (7): 265­268, 6 figs.
D E L U C A , C . J . & D . M . D E LU C A , 1976. Pacific marine life. A survey of Pacific Ocean invertebrates:
i­xiv, 1­66, figs.
EDMONDSON, C . H . , 1933. Reef and shore fauna of H a w a i i . Spec. Publ. Bernice P. Bishop M u s . ,
22: 1­295, figs. 1­163.
, 1946. Reef and shore fauna of H a w a i i . Spec. Publ. Bernice P. Bishop M u s . , 22 (ed. 2): i­iii,
1­381, figs. 1­223.
GEORGE, J . D . & J . J . GEORGE, 1979. M a r i n e life. A n illustrated encyclopedia of invertebrates in the
sea: 1­288, text figs. 1­49, pis. 1­128.
GORDON, I., 1968. Description of the holotype of Enoplometopus dentatus M i e r s , with notes on
other species of the genus (Decapoda). Crustaceana, 15: 79­97, figs. 1­12.
HEALY, A . & J . C . YAL DWYN, 1970. Australian crustaceans in colour: 1­112, text figs. 1­57,
pis. 1­52.
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Decapoda M a c r u r a of the Snellius Expedition I. Biological results of the Snellius Expedition
X I V . T e m m i n c k i a , 7: 1­178, text figs. 1, 2, pis. 1­11.
INTÈS, A . & P. L E L OEUFF, 1970. Sur une nouvelle espèce du genre Enoplometopus A . M i l n e
Edwards du Golfe de Guinée:
Enoplometopus callistus nov. sp. (Crustacea, Decapoda,
Homaridea). Bull. M u s . Hist. nat. Paris, (2) 41: 1442­1447, text figs, a­r, p l . 1.
KuBO, I., 1952. O n two rare species of Psalidopodidae and Nephropsidae. J o u r n . T o k y o U n i v .
Fisher., 39: 91­100, text figs. 1­3, pis. 5, 6.
MATTHEWS, D . C , 1954. T h e origin and development of the spermatophoric mass of a nephropsid
lobster, Enoplometopus occidentalis (Randall). Pacific Science, 8: 115­120, figs. 1­7.
MICHEL, C . , 1974. Notes on marine biology studies made in Mauritius. Mauritius Inst. B u l l . ,
7 (2): 1­287.
SMALE, M . , 1976. L obster or crayfish ­ calling a spade a spade. Bull. S. African Assoc. mar. biol.
Research, 12: 19­21, 2 figs.
TINKER, S. W . , 1965. Pacific Crustacea. A n illustrated handbook on the reef­dwelling Crustacea of
Hawaii and the South Seas: 1­134, pis. 1­52.
Z O O L O G I S C H E M E D E D E L I N G E N 56 (22)
Enoplometopus debelius new species, lateral view.
PL. 1
Z O O L O G I S C H E M E D E D E L I N G E N 56 (22)
Enoplometopus debelius new species, frontal view.
PL. 2
Z O O L O G I S C H E M E D E D E L I N G E N 56 (22)
Enoplometopus daumi new species, oblique lateral view.
PL. 3
Z O O L O G I S C H E M E D E D E L I N G E N 56 (22)
Enoplometopus daumi new species, oblique frontal view.
PL. 4