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TEMA:
La identidad
Vocabulario del tema*
Los saludos, las presentaciones y las despedidas°
1. —Hola, Paula. ¿Cómo estás?
—Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú?
—Muy bien, gracias.
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2. —Buenos días, profesora Peña. ¿Cómo está usted?
—Bien, profesor Galeano.
¿Y usted?
—Muy bien, gracias.
—De nada.
3. —Hasta luego, Jorge.
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—Adiós, Luis.
4. —Hola. ¿Cómo te llamas?
—Me llamo Jaime García.
—Mucho gusto.
—Igualmente.
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5. —Hola. Soy Guillermo.
¿Cuál es tu nombre?
—Mi nombre es Rosa María.
—Mucho gusto, Rosa María.
—Encantada, Guillermo.
¿De dónde eres?
—Soy de San José. ¿Y tú?
—Soy de Nueva York.
1. Hi, Paula. How are you? / Fine, thanks. And you? / Very well, thanks. 2. Good morning, Professor
Peña. How are you? / Fine, Professor Galeano. And you? / Very well, thank you. / You're welcome. 3. See
you later, Jorge. / Good­bye, Luis. 4. Hello. What's your name? / My name is Jaime García. / Nice to
meet you. / Likewise. 5. Hi, I'm Guillermo. What's your name? / My name is Rosa María. / Nice to meet
you, Rosa María. / It's a pleasure, Guillermo. Where are you from? / I'm from San José. And you? / I'm
from New York.
Observe (Note)
Throughout Experience Spanish, you'll find translations for vocabulary and grammar presentations at the
bottom of the page.
Page 5
Nota cultural
ADDRESSING PEOPLE IN FORMAL AND FAMILIAR SITUATIONS
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Como usted mande, mi amor.
Spanish has two ways of directly addressing a single person as you. Usted is used in formal situations,
such as with a professor or in a business context. Tú is used in familiar situations, such as with family
and friends. However, in some Hispanic cultures, it's common for relatives to use usted with each other
as a sign of respect.
Sometimes native speakers will knowingly go against the rules of appropriateness to establish distance
from someone on purpose, or even to express humor. Let's say a husband and wife are in the habit of
addressing each other with tú. Then one day, one of them starts giving the other a list of things to get
done around the house. The spouse receiving the list of chores might respond with the phrase, “Como
usted mande, mi amor.a” Had the speaker instead used tú, the phrase could have been viewed as funny;
however by switching to usted, the speaker adds a level of sarcasm that makes the response even funnier.
If you're ever unsure whether to use tú or usted, remember the following simple rule: use usted until
you're told it's OK to use tú. It's better to be inappropriately formal than insultingly familiar.
SITUACIONES
Indicate whether you should use tú or usted forms to address people in the following situations.
TúUSTED
1.You bump into your Spanish professor at the library. □
□
2.You greet a classmate in the hallway.
□
□
To greet someone, you can use one of these expressions.
Hola.
Hello.
Buenos días.
Good morning (until midday meal).
Buenas tardes. Good afternoon (until evening meal).
Buenas noches.*Good evening (after evening meal).
Here are some expressions you can use to talk about yourself and find out more about someone
else.
¿Cómo estás?
How are you (familiar)?
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¿Cómo está usted?
¿Qué tal?
Muy bien.
Bien.
Regular.
No muy bien.
¿Y tú?
¿Y usted?
How are you (formal)?
How's it going?
Very well.
Fine.
So­so.
Not very well.
And you (fam.)?
And you (form.)?
What's your (fam.) name?
What's your (form.) name?
My name is …
Soy…
I'm …
It's a pleasure (to meet you).
Igualmente.
¿De dónde eres?
¿De dónde es usted?
Soy de…
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Likewise.
Where are you (fam.) from?
Where are you (form.) from?
I'm from …
To say good­bye to someone, you can use:
Adiós.
Good­bye.
Hasta luego. See you later.
Hasta mañana.See you tomorrow.
Hasta pronto. See you soon.
Nos vemos.
See you later. (lit. We'll see each other.)
Here are a few polite expressions that you should know.
Gracias.
Thank you.
De nada.
You're welcome.
No hay de qué.Don't mention it.
activity ACTIVIDADES
A.
Saludos y despedidas.
Finish the dialogues by matching the responses in column B with the blanks in column A.
A
1. —Buenos días, señor Osorio.
B
1. —Bien. Hasta luego.
—
2. — Buenos días, señora Martínez. ¿Cómo está usted?
—Bien, gracias. ¿Y usted?
3. —Nos vemos.
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—
4. —Hola, Miguel. ¿Qué tal?
—Adiós.
5. —Muy bien, gracias.
2. —
—Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú?
—
—Hasta mañana.
—
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B.
Respuestas (Answers) lógicas.
Listen to the expressions and select the appropriate answer.
1.a.Encantado.
b.Me llamo Andrea. c.¿Cuál es tu nombre?
2.a.Mi nombre es Rose.b.Mucho gusto.
c.Soy Rose.
3.a.Lisa.
b.Hola. Encantada.
c.¿Cómo te llamas?
4.a.Me llamo Ana.
b.Soy de Pennsylvania.c.Muy bien, gracias.
5.a.Encantada.
b.Hasta luego.
c.Buenos días.
6.a.Buenas tardes.
b.No muy bien.
c.De nada.
C.
A conocerlo/la (Getting to know you).
Answer the questions about yourself, using a complete sentence whenever possible.
1. ¿Cómo se llama usted?
2. ¿Cómo está usted?
3. ¿De dónde es usted?
D.
Entrevista (Interview).
Find a classmate that you haven't met yet and have a short conversation with him/her in Spanish. Be sure
to do the following:
1. Greet him/her and introduce yourself.
2. Ask what his/her name is.
3. Ask how he/she is or how it's going.
4. Ask where he/she is from.
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5. Say good­bye to him/her.
Nota cultural
LOS SALUDOS
¡Hola! ¿Qué tal?
It is very common for people from Hispanic cultures to shake hands, hug each other, and even kiss each
other on the cheek when greeting or saying good­bye to someone. Typically, women kiss each other on
the cheek whether they are already acquainted or meeting for the first time. The same is true when a man
and a woman meet. It is more common for two men to shake hands, although they may hug each other if
they are close friends.
Recently, there has been a greater tendency among young men in Spain who are long­time friends to kiss
each other on both cheeks when greeting and saying good­bye, just as women do.
PREGUNTAS
Answer the questions.
1. What do you think about the Hispanic way of greeting people?
2. How does the Hispanic way of greeting people compare to how people greet each other in non­
Hispanic cultures?
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El abecedario°
The Spanish alphabet (el abecedario or el alfabeto) consists of 29 letters. The letter ñ follows n in
alphabetized lists, and the letters k and w only appear in words borrowed from another language, for
example: kilo, whisky.
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activity ACTIVIDADES
A.
Buscando en el mapa (Searching on the map).
Review the sample words and phrases in the third column of the preceding chart. Did you notice that
they're all place­names? See how many of these place­names you can find on the three regional maps
inside the back cover of Experience Spanish. ¡OJO! (Careful!) All but two of these place­names can be
found on the maps.
B.
Buscando en el diccionario
PASO 1.
Review the sample words and phrases in the fourth column of the preceding chart and jot down any
whose meaning you don't know.
PASO 2.
Now, using the Spanish­English Vocabulary near the back of Experience Spanish or a Spanish­English
dictionary, look up the meanings for at least ten of the words that you jotted down in Paso 1.
C.
¡A deletrear! (Let's do some spelling!)
PASO 1.
Jot down this information.
1. your full name
2. your best friend's full name
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3. the name of the first street on which you remember living
4. the name of the city where you were born
5. the name of a place in the Spanish­speaking world that you would like to visit
PASO 2.
Now, working with a partner, spell aloud each answer that you jotted down in Paso 1. Your partner
should jot down each letter as you say it with the goal of guessing what you're trying to spell. Did you
successfully spell each item, and did your partner understand? If not, try again. Then switch roles.
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Los números de 0 a 30°
0 cero 8 ocho
16 dieciséis 24 veinticuatro
1 uno 9 nueve 17 diecisiete 25 veinticinco
2 dos 10 diez 18 dieciocho 26 veintiséis
3 tres 11 once 19 diecinueve27 veintisiete
4 cuatro12 doce 20 veinte
28 veintiocho
5 cinco 13 trece 21 veintiuno 29 veintinueve
6 seis 14 catorce22 veintidós 30 treinta
7 siete 15 quince 23 veintitrés Uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco.
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Note the accents on dieciséis, veintidós, veintitrés, and veintiséis.
When used as an adjective, uno changes to un for masculine and una for feminine.
Hay sólo* un hombre aquí.There's only one man here.
Tengo sólo una tía.
I have only one aunt.
Veintiuno changes to veintiún or veintiuna when used as an adjective.
Tengo veintiún dólares. I have $21.
Hay veintiuna rosas aquí.There are twenty­one roses here.
You may see the numbers 16–19 and 21–29 written out in a longer but less common form.
diez y seis diez y siete diez y ocho diez y nueve
veinte y unoveinte y dosveinte y tresveinte y cuatro…
Nota comunicativa
Hay AND ¿cuántos/as?
The verb form hay is used in Spanish to mean there is or there are. Can you guess what no hay means?
(If you said there isn't or there aren't, you're right.)
Hay doce libros en el escritorio.There are twelve books on the desk.
¿Cuántos/as? is used before plural nouns to ask how many? ¿Cuántos? is used before masculine plural
nouns and ¿cuántas? before feminine ones. You'll learn more about gender agreement (masculine vs.
feminine) later in this chapter and in Capítulo 1.
—¿Cuántos estudiantes hay en esta clase?How many students are there in this class?
—Hay veinticinco.
There are twenty­five.
—¿Cuántas personas hay en esta foto? How many people are there in this photo?
—Hay siete personas.
There are seven people.
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activity ACTIVIDADES
A.
Los números.
Write out the numbers.
MODELO 4 → cuatro
1. 10
2. 14
3. 7
4. 21
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5. 6
6. 12
7. 28
8. 5
9. 15
10. 16
11. 8
12. 1
B.
¿Cuántos dijo? (How many did he/she say?)
Listen to some short phrases, each containing a number. Jot down the number you hear, as in the model.
Vocabulario práctico
hombresmen libros
books
mi
my
escritorio
desk
familia family teléfonos celularescell phones
clase
class computadoras
computers
hoy
today laboratorio
laboratory
mujeres women MODELO
(you hear) Hay siete hombres en mi familia. →
(you write)siete
C.
Matemáticas.
With a partner, take turns reciting the mathematical expressions aloud as in the model. ¡OJO! + (más), −
(menos), = (son).
MODELO 2 + 2 = 4 →
Dos más dos son cuatro.
1. 2 + 3 = 5
2. 3 + 4 = 7
3. 10 − 4 = 6
4. 1 + 8 = 9
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5. 20 − 9 = 11
6. 23 − 8 = 15
7. 14 + 12 = 26
8. 2 + 27 = 29
9. 30 − 17 = 13
10. 16 + 12 = 28
11. 24 − 22 = 2
12. 21 − 14 = 7
D.
¿Cuántos hay?
Answer the questions with complete sentences, as in the model.
MODELOS ¿Cuántos profesores hay en la clase? →
Hay un profesor en la clase.
Hay una profesora.
1. ¿Cuántas horas (hours) hay en un día?
2. ¿Cuántos días hay en una semana (week)?
3. ¿Cuántas semanas hay en el mes (month) de febrero, normalmente (usually)?
4. ¿Cuántos días hay en el mes de septiembre?
5. ¿Cuántos hombres hay en la clase hoy?
6. ¿Y cuántas mujeres hay?
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