EPISODES AND ENGRAVINGS: JAMES HUTTON AND JOHN CLERK

EP}
SODES AND ENGRAV}
NGS
JAMES HUTTON AND JOHN CLERK
by
Gor
do
n Y.
Cr
ai
g
I
’
he Hut
t
o
ni
a
n t
he
or
y o
n geol
ogi
c
al
r
e
vol
ut
i
ons o
r "
e
pi
s
o
des
"一now known a
s t
he geol
ogi
c
al
c
ycl
e一fo
rms t
he f
ou
ndat
i
o
n of t
he mode
r
n s
ci
e
nce o
f geol
ogy.
I
n 1
9
68,
qu
i
t
e勿 c
hanc
e,
a col
l
ect
i
on of
J
ame
s Hut
t
o
n'
s geol
o
gi
c
al
dr
awi
ng
s wer
e di
s
cove
r
ed f
or t
he f
i
r
s
t t
i
me.
To
ge
t
he
r wi
t
h s
ome d
i
ar
i
e
s abo
ut
Hut
t
on'
s geol
ogi
ca
l
e
xc
ur
s
i
ons
,
t
he d
r
awi
n
gs wi
l
l
be pub
l
i
s
he
d l
at
e
r t
hi
s ye
a
r i
n a l
ar
ge fo
l
i
o e
nt
i
t
l
e
d James
Hut
t
on'
s Theo
r
y o
f t
he Ea
r
t
h:
The Los
t Dr
awi
ng
s.
* Pr
o
fe
s
s
o
r Cr
ai
g,
o
ne o
f t
he aut
hor
s,
out
l
i
ne
s t
he hi
s
t
or
i
c
al
a
s we
l
l
as t
he ar
t
i
s
t
i
c a
nd ge
ol
o
gi
cal
i
mpor
t
ance of t
hi
s d
i
s
co
ver
y.
I
n 1
7
85,
at t
he ag
e of 59,
J
ames Hut
t
on g
ave t
wo Al
t
hou
gh t
h
e f
ul
l
t
i
t
l
e of Hut
t
o
n'
s wor
k was工h
eoa卫圭
l
ect
u
r
es o
n h
i
s "
Theor
y of t
he Ea
r
t
h" t
o t
he newl
y f
or
med
t
he Ear
t
h wi
t
h pr
oof
s an
d i
l
l
us
t
r
at
i
o
ns
,
t
h
e t
wo vol
umes i
n
S
oci
e
t
y of Ed
i
nb
ur
gh.
He was by t
hen r
eco
gni
z
ed a
s on
e of
f
act app
ear
e
d wi
t
hou
t t
h
e cr
i
t
i
cal
pr
oof
s a
nd i
l
l
us
t
r
at
i
o
ns
.
t
he k
ey f
i
gur
es i
n t
h
e gr
eat 1
8t
h cent
ur
y Scot
t
i
s
h cul
t
ur
al
Hut
t
on was b
us
y pr
epar
i
n
g ano
t
her
vol
ume and was di
s
cus
s
i
ng
r
evol
ut
i
on (
s
omet
i
mes kno
wn as t
h
e S
cot
t
i
s
h Enl
i
g
ht
enment
)
t
he det
ai
l
s o
f i
t wi
t
h t
h
e en
gr
av
er t
he d
ay t
hat he d
i
ed i
n
whi
c
h pr
od
uce
d amo
ng ot
her
s t
h
e wel
l
-
kno
wn e
cono
mi
s
t
17
97.
Thi
s t
hi
r
d vol
ume was even
t
ual
l
y f
o
und and pu
bl
i
s
hed
Adam Smi
t
h,
Jos
eph Bl
ac
k t
h
e ch
emi
s
t
,
J
ohn Pl
a
yf
ai
r t
h
e
by t
h
e Ge
ol
ogi
cal
S
oci
et
y of
Lo
ndo
n i
n 1
899
,
bu
t t
he dr
awi
ngs
mat
hemat
i
ci
a
n,
S
i
r J
ames Ha
l
l
t
h
e ex
per
i
ment
al
geol
ogi
s
t
t
h
at wer
e t
o accompa
ny i
t wer
e mi
s
s
i
ng on
ce a
gai
n.
and John Cl
erk of El
di
n,
arti
st and s
ci
enti
st一al
l cl
os
e fri
ends
of Hut
t
o
n.
The pr
i
nt
e
d pap
e
r of Hut
t
on'
s ad
dr
es
s appe
ar
ed i
n
i
t was
n'
t unti
l 1968 that Si
r John Cl
erk of Peni
cui
k (
a
1
788 as par
t
o
f Vol
ume I
of
t
h
e "
Tr
ans
act
i
o
ns
" of t
he Royal
Soci
e
t
y of Edi
nb
ur
g
h an
d,
i
n 1
79
5,
hi
s Th
eor
y of t
he Ear
t
h
des
cend
ant of
Hut
t
o
n'
s f
r
i
e
nd J
o
hn Cl
er
k of El
di
n
)
br
o
ught t
o
t
he at
t
ent
i
o
n of Dr
.
Char
l
es Wat
e
r
s
t
on of t
h
e Roya
l Scot
t
i
s
h
o c
Mus
eum,
Edi
nb
ur
gh,an old foli
o
nt
ai
ni
n
g s
ome s
ev
ent
y
bund among the papers of t
geol
ogi
c
al
d
r
a
wi
ngs f
he Cl
er
k
wa
s
只
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d i
n
t
wo
v
o
l
u
me
s
.
A
b
o
u
t李
a
吼c
o
p
i
e
s
w
e
r
e
p
r
i
n
t
e
d
巳
nd尸e
s
el
l
i
ng.
叮华犷
理叹尹ppr
ox‘
mat
ei
y )
1
.
。
。;‘
t
now cn
anges
hdl
lus 己i arounci令乙,,
+uu.uu.
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遂玺一
1
粼毅鬓
Fi
g
ur
e 1
.
A de
t
ai
l
ed s
ec
t
i
o
n ac
r
o
s
s t
h
e Nor
t
he
r
n Gr
a
ni
t
e i
n t
he I
s
l
e o
f Ar
r
a
ni
n West Scot
l
and showi
ng the
gr
a
ni
t
e i
nt
r
ude
d i
nt
o s
c
hi
s
t
s an
d yo
unge
r Ol
d Red S
and
s
t
o
ne (
Uppe
r De
voni
an
)
.The g
r
ani
t
e i
t
s
e
l
f i
s i
nt
r
u
de
d
by Yo
unge
r vei
n
s and d夕
kes
.
牌‘
...曰.州
目‘
“叫..
二 “.目‘‘日
“.J
..州口.....
James Hutt
on'
s Theor of th
The Lost Drawi
n b
y.
G.
Y.
Cr
ai
g,
D.
B.
McI
nt
y
r
e a
nd C.
D.
Wat
er
s
t
on,
wi
l
l
b
e pu
bl
i
s
hed
i
n as
soci
ati
on wi
t
h the Ro
y
al
S
oci
et
y of Edi
nbur
gh a
nd t
h
e Ge
ol
o
gi
c
al
So
ci
et
y of
Lon
don.
Ea th
t
he p
ubl
i
s
he
r
s
'per
mi
s
s
i
o
n t
o r
e
pr
o
duce t
wo of
t
h
e f
ol
i
o'
s d
r
awi
n
gs i
n t
hi
si
s
s
u
e.
En
qui
r
i
e
s
di
rected t
o Mr
.
Do
ugl
as Gr
an
t,
Man
agi
ng Edi
t
or
,
S
cot
t
i
s
h Aca
demi
c Pr
ess Li
mi
ted,
33 Mont
gomer
y St
r
eet
,
Ed
i
nb
ur
g
h EH7 5
JX,
Sc
ot
l
and.
3
f
ami
l
y a
t Pe
n
i
cu
i
k Hous
e,
Mi
dl
o
t
hi
a
n.
Wat
er
s
t
on r
ecog
ni
zed
intended
h
es
e dr
a
wi
n
gs as t
h
eillustrations which H utton had o us
e i
n t
he thi
rd vol
ume of hi
s卫i
eo
r
y and which were of
Man.
Th
er
e ar
e det
ai
l
ed dr
awi
ngs of ge
ol
ogi
cal
out
cr
op
s
and cr
os
s
-
cut
ti
ng r
el
at
i
o
ns
hi
p
s of dy
kes
'
and i
n
t
r
us
i
ons
.
Ma
ny
of
t
hes
e ar
e del
i
cat
e wat
e
r col
our
s and ha
ve bee
n r
epr
o
duc
ed
At
ab
o
ut t
he s
ame t
i
me i
n
1
9
68,
by t
he l
ong ar
m of
c
oi
n
ci
de
n
c
e,
Pr
of
es
s
or
Do
nal
d B.
McI
n
t
yr
e of
Pomona
Col
l
e
ge
,
Ca
l
i
f
or
ni
a,
di
s
c
over
ed s
ome cr
i
t
i
cal
di
ari
es wr
i
t
t
en
by J
o
hn Cl
er
k and bear
i
ng o
n Hut
t
o
n'
s g
eol
o
gi
cal
ex
cur
s
i
o
ns
.
Al
mos
t a
l
l
t
he d
r
awi
ngs
,
wi
t
h t
he e
xcep
t
i
on of t
wo b
y
Si
r J
ames Hal
l
,
wer
e exe
cut
ed b
y Jo
hn Cl
er
k of El
di
n (
1
728
-
}xecut
ed by John Cl
erk of El
di
n.
as f
acsi
mi
l
e
}
s.
1
81
2
)
.
The
y r
ev
eal
t
h
at Cl
er
k mus
t h
ave bee
n a maj
or
cont
r
i
b
ut
or
t
o t
he Hut
t
o
ni
a
n t
he
or
y.
Hi
s
e
ar
l
y a
ppr
ec
i
at
i
on
of r
o
ck s
uc
ces
s
i
ons
,
der
i
v
ed f
r
om hi
s o
wn expe
r
i
e
nce an
d t
h
at
of h
i
s f
a
t
her
,
co
upl
ed wi
t
h hi
s ar
t
i
s
t
i
c pe
n and s
ci
e
nt
i
f
i
c bent
,
ma
de hi
m a
n i
n
val
uabl
e f
i
el
d c
omp
ani
o
n.
Not
unl
i
ke Bo
s
wel
l
,
t
h
e man of l
et
t
er
s a
nd h
i
s r
e
l
at
i
ons
hi
p t
o Dr
.
J
oh
ns
on,
Cl
er
k
t
he s
ci
ent
i
s
t and man of ar
t
s
eems t
o hav
e be
en i
n
di
s
pe
ns
abl
e
I
n t
he wake of t
hese di
scoveri
es,
and wi
t
h fi
nanci
al as
si
stance
f
r
om b
ot
h p
r
i
vat
e a
nd p
ubl
i
c s
o
ur
ce
s (
i
n
cl
udi
ng t
he Car
ne
gi
e
Tr
us
t
,
t
he Geol
ogi
c
al
So
ci
et
y of
Edi
nb
ur
gh,
t
h
e Geo
l
ogi
cal
So
ci
et
y of Lon
don,
t
he Ro
yal
So
ci
et
y of Edi
nbur
gh,
t
he
Rus
s
e
l
l
Tr
us
t a
nd t
he Uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y of Edi
nb
ur
gh)
,
i
t has b
een
p
os
s
i
bl
e t
o pi
ece t
og
et
he
r s
ome new f
a
ct
s of ma
j
or hi
s
t
or
i
cal
a
nd g
e
ol
ogi
cal
i
mpo
r
t
anc
e.
to Dr. Hutton.
Jo
hn Cl
e
r
k p
r
oba
bl
y me
t Hut
t
o
n when bot
h wer
e
medi
cal
s
t
ud
ent
s
at Edi
nbur
gh Uni
v
er
s
i
t
y.
I
t i
s qui
t
e p
os
s
i
bl
e
t
h
at Hut
t
o
n'
s i
nt
er
es
t
i
n g
eol
o
gy s
t
emmed f
r
om h
i
s
ac
quai
n
t
an
ce wi
t
h t
he Cl
er
k f
ami
l
y.
The Cl
er
ks wer
e coa
l
-
mi
n
e o
wner
s i
n Edi
n
bur
gh and b
ot
h Jo
hn Cl
er
k and h
i
s f
at
h
er
wer
e t
ech
ni
cal
e
xper
t
s i
n t
h
e ope
r
at
i
on of mi
nes i
n t
he
Edi
nbur
gh r
egi
o
n a
nd el
s
ewhe
r
e.
Jo
hn Cl
er
k was a gi
f
t
ed
ar
t
i
s
t
,
i
n f
act
,
t
he f
i
r
s
t Sc
ot
t
i
s
h l
and
s
ca
pe pai
nt
er an
d an
ex
per
i
ment
er i
n et
chi
ng on copp
er pl
at
e
s.
I
n addi
t
i
on t
o h
i
s
Th
e l
o
s
t '
d
r
awi
ngs r
e
v
eal
t
hat Hut
t
o
n and Cl
e
r
k wer
e
ex
t
r
eme
l
y car
ef
ul
f
i
el
d geol
ogi
s
t
s
,
whos
e u
nder
s
t
a
ndi
n
g of
t
h
e d
i
f
f
i
cul
t geol
ogy of
cer
t
ai
n p
ar
t
s of
S
co
t
l
an
d i
s u
ncan
ni
l
y
mod
er
n i
n s
pi
t
e of t
he f
act t
hat
i
t d
at
e
s ba
ck t
o s
ome
wher
e
be
t
wee
n 1
7
85 an
d 1
788.
The geol
ogi
c
al
s
ubj
ect
s
cont
a
i
ned i
n
t
h
e or
i
gi
nal
f
ol
i
o i
ncl
u
de ma
ps
,
pl
ans and s
e
ct
i
o
ns of
g
eol
ogi
cal
l
o
cal
i
t
i
es s
uc
h as Edi
n
bur
gh,
Gl
en Ti
l
t
,
Per
t
hs
hi
r
e,
Sout
hwest Scotl
and, I
sl
e of Arran, Fi
r
th of Cl
yde and the I
sl
e
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g
ur
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The u
nco
nf
or
mi
t
y o
f Jed
bur
gh di
s
cov
er
ed by
Hut
t
on a
nd Cl
er
k i
n 1
787. The section shows l
Pal
eozi
c r
ocks wi
th upper ol
d Red Sandstone brecci
a and sandst
one above.
An e
ngr
avi
n
g o
f t
hi
s o
ri
gi
nal
dr
awi
n
g wa
s u
s
ed by Hut
t
o
n i
n hi
s Theo
r
y o
f t
he Ear
t
h.
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t
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i
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t
s
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he al
s
o ha
d a
n abi
d
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ng
p
as
s
i
on f
or s
hi
p
s.
I
nde
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hi
s Es
s
ay on Nava
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Ta
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s s
ai
d
t
o h
ave bee
n us
ed by Nel
s
o
n i
n t
he wi
nn
i
ng of t
he Bat
t
l
e of
i
n Ar
r
an,
J
edb
ur
gh一i
n t
he So
ut
her
n Up
l
and
s(
Fi
g.
2
)
,
an
d at
t
he worl
d-f
amous l
ocal
i
t
y Siccar Poi
nt, southeast of Edi
nb
ur
gh. Thr
ougho
ut
t
hei
rsojourn t
hey discovered that
Upper Ol
d Red Sandstone sedim ents are unconform able on
Traf
al
gar.
ol
der Paleozoi
c rocks.
One of the most remar
kabl
e f
eat
ur
es of Cl
erk'
s
dr
awi
ng
s f
or Hut
t
o
n i
s t
ha
t t
he
y ar
e a r
e
cor
d of cr
i
t
i
cal
Col
l
ect
i
vel
y,
t
he dr
a
wi
ngs
s
h
ow a c
l
ear
u
nder
s
t
an
di
ng
g
eol
ogi
c
al
wor
k t
h
at was ca
r
r
i
ed o
ut a
f
t
er
Hut
t
on had
o
f t
h
e ge
omet
r
y of r
o
cks i
n s
pace,
an appr
eci
at
i
o
n of t
he
d
el
i
v
er
e
d hi
s ab
ove-
ment
i
on
ed "
Theor
y o
f t
h
e Ear
t
h" addr
es
s
pr
oce
s
s
es of e
r
os
i
on a
nd d
ep
os
i
t
i
on,
r
epe
at
ed demons
t
r
at
i
ons
t
o t
he Royal
So
ci
et
y of Edi
n
bur
gh.
Hut
t
on had n
ot a
ct
u
al
l
y
o
f t
h
e or
d
er a
nd s
eque
nce of ev
ent
s t
hr
oug
h ge
ol
ogi
cal
t
i
me
s
e
en,
i
n t
he f
i
el
d,
t
wo p
i
e
ce
s of geol
ogi
cal
ev
i
den
ce whi
ch ar
e
as wel
l
as of t
he i
n
t
r
us
i
ve na
t
ur
e of gr
ani
t
e and s
i
mi
l
ar r
o
cks
,
c
r
i
t
i
cal
t
o hi
s t
heor
}
4
,
t
h
at i
s
,
t
he i
nt
r
u
s
i
v
e n
at
ur
e of
gr
ani
t
e
a
n u
nd
er
s
t
a
ndi
n
g o
f r
egi
o
nal
geo
l
og
y an
d an acut
e a
war
e
nes
s
a
nd t
he exi
s
t
e
nce of
g
eol
o
gi
ca
l
unco
nf
or
mi
t
i
es
.
The l
at
t
er i
s
of t
h
e r
el
at
i
o
ns
hi
p be
t
wee
n geo
l
og
y an
d t
o
pogr
aph
y.
They
a f
und
ame
nt
al
p
ar
t of Hut
t
on'
s con
cept
of
what i
s
now kn
own
pr
ov
e t
hat Hut
t
o
n and hi
s f
r
i
e
nd h
ad an e
ven gr
e
at
er
as the cycl
e of erosi
on.
u
nder
s
t
an
di
ng of t
he s
t
r
uct
ur
e and e
vol
ut
i
on of
t
he Ea
r
t
h
t
han had hi
therto been s
uspected.
Hut
t
o
n de
ci
d
ed t
o s
eek p
r
act
i
cal
e
vi
de
nce of t
he
i
nt
r
us
i
v
e n
at
ur
e of gr
ani
t
e s
hor
t
l
y af
t
e
r addr
es
s
i
n
g t
he Ro
yal
S
oci
e
t
y of Edi
n
bur
g
h.
He t
r
avel
l
ed wi
t
h Jo
hn Cl
er
k t
o Gl
en
Ti
l
t
,
n
or
t
h of Ed
i
nb
ur
gh,
wh
er
e t
h
ey s
a
w gr
ani
t
e v
ei
ns
Anot
her cl
os
e f
r
i
end who a
ccompa
ni
ed Hut
t
on on s
ome
of hi
s geol
ogi
ca
l
e
xcur
s
i
ons a
nd h
el
pe
d hi
m de
vel
o
p h
i
s t
h
eor
y
was J
os
ep
h Bl
a
ck (
1
728一
1
799)
.
He d
i
s
cov
er
e
d f
i
xe
d ai
r
(
car
b
on di
ox
i
de)
a
nd l
at
e
nt heat
,
bot
h of whi
ch may have
h
el
pe
d Hut
t
on i
n hi
s u
nder
s
t
andi
n
g of ma
r
bl
e a
nd hi
s vi
ew of
t
h
e ear
t
h as a "
machi
ne f
i
r
e
d b
y heat
"
.
He al
s
o i
d
ent
i
f
i
ed
i
nt
r
u
di
n
g met
amo
r
phi
c s
chi
s
t
s and mar
bl
e.
Thi
s
r
emar
ka
bl
e
expo
s
ur
e woul
d hav
e bee
n goo
d e
nou
gh evi
denc
e f
or mos
t
geol
ogi
s
t
s s
eeki
ng a
n i
nt
r
us
i
v
e o
r
i
gi
n f
o
r gr
a
ni
t
e,
b
ut Hut
t
on
mi
nerals.
was not sat
i
sfi
ed. He was det
ermi
ned t
o exami
ne ot
her
l
oca
l
i
t
i
e
s whi
ch wo
ul
d con
cl
us
i
vel
y pr
ove t
he i
nt
r
u
s
i
v
e nat
ur
e The di
s
cov
er
y of t
h
e l
os
t
dr
awi
n
gs and t
he s
ub
s
equ
ent
o
f gr
ani
t
e b
odi
e
s.
He j
our
neye
d t
o t
h
e s
out
hwes
t
of
S
cot
l
and
resear
ch i
nto Hut
ton'
s l
i
f
e and t
i
m es has al
s
o r
eveal
ed t
hat
i
n 1
786,
wher
e Cal
ed
oni
a
n gr
ani
t
es i
nt
r
u
de i
nt
o Lo
wer
Hu
t
t
o
n i
ns
pi
r
ed a number of
youn
ger di
s
ci
pl
es
,
i
n
cl
ud
i
ng
Pal
eozoi
c s
edi
ments,
and to Arr
an i
n 1787 wher
e a Terti
ary
grani
te i
ntr
udes Dal
r
adi
an schi
st
s.
John Pl
ayfai
r, t
he mathemati
ci
an and James Hal
l
,
the experi
-
At al
m ost al
l of thes
e l
ocal
i
ti
es John Cl
erk m ade
l
att
er'
s d
eath and us
ed i
t to wri
t
e t
he emi
nent
l
y
me
nt
al
geol
ogi
s
t
.
Pl
ayf
ai
r
,
i
n f
act
,
r
ecei
ved t
he man
us
cr
i
pt
of t
h
e t
hi
r
d v
ol
ume of Hut
t
on'
s Theor
y o
f t
h
e Ea
r
t
h af
t
er
t
he
c
ar
ef
ul
dr
awi
ng
s i
ncl
udi
ng maps
,
s
ect
i
ons
,
an
d cl
os
e-
ups of
r
o
ck out
cr
op
s d
emons
t
r
at
i
n
g t
he i
n
t
r
us
i
ve nat
ur
e of gr
ani
t
e
r
e
adabl
e I
l
l
us
t
r
at
i
o
ns
of t
he Hut
t
oni
an The
or
y,
p
ubl
i
sh
ed i
n
1
80
2.
Th
e dr
awi
ngs i
nt
ende
d t
o ac
comp
any Vol
ume 3 wer
e
pr
obabl
y not s
e
en by Pl
a
yf
ai
r a
nd wer
e r
et
ur
ned t
o t
he Cl
e
r
k
(
s
ee Fi
g.
1
)
.
At t
he s
ame t
i
me,
Cl
er
k a
nd Hut
t
on r
e
cor
d
ed
o
t
her i
mpo
r
t
a
nt ge
ol
ogi
c
al
ph
enomena s
uc
h as t
he f
i
r
s
t
a
ppr
eci
at
i
on of t
he i
mp
or
t
a
nc
e of
g
eol
o
gi
cal
u
ncon
f
or
mi
t
i
es
fami
l
y to r
emai
n unr
ecogni
zed for al
most 200 years.
Si
r James Hal
l
,
another ent
husi
asti
c Huttoni
an
,
carri
ed
ou
t a s
er
i
e
s of exper
i
me
nt
s on t
h
e mel
t
i
n
g of
i
gneo
us r
o
cks
an
d o
n t
he be
havi
o
ur of l
i
mes
t
o
ne s
u
bj
ect
ed t
o hi
gh t
emper
a
-
t
ur
e and pr
es
s
ur
e.
Thes
e exp
er
i
ment
s di
d muc
h t
o vi
ndi
cat
e
t
h
e cor
r
ect
nes
s of t
he Th
eor
y of t
h
e Ear
t
h e
ven t
h
ough t
h
ey
wer
e car
ri
ed out aft
er Hutton'
s death i
n 1797. They
demons
t
r
at
ed t
he i
gn
eous o
r
i
gi
n of
gr
ani
t
e and bas
al
t a
nd t
h
e
f
o
rmat
i
on of mar
bl
e und
er hi
gh t
emper
at
ur
e a
nd pr
es
s
ur
e.
Hal
l
al
s
o u
nder
t
oo
k e
xper
i
me
nt
s on t
he f
ol
di
ng o
f r
ocks
,
dupl
i
cat
i
n
g act
ual
f
ol
d
s h
e had o
bs
er
v
ed i
n t
h
e Sout
her
n
Upl
ands of S
cot
l
and.
I
n cl
os
i
ng t
hi
s n
ot
e,
i
t s
e
ems appr
opr
i
a
t
e t
o add t
ha
t t
he
f
or
t
hcomi
n
g p
ubl
i
cat
i
o
n of Hut
t
on'
s l
os
t dr
awi
ng
s wi
l
l
not
onl
y gai
n i
n
cr
eas
ed r
es
pe
ct f
o
r Hu
t
t
o
n'
s geni
us
,
but
wi
l
l
gi
ve
l
on
g over
due cr
edi
t t
o Cl
er
k,
wh
o,
pr
es
umabl
y i
n c
ooper
at
i
on
wi
t
h Hut
t
on,
made cer
t
ai
n of t
he dr
awi
n
gs
'
geol
o
gi
cal
ac
cur
a
cy,
and who was ent
i
r
e
l
y r
e
s
pons
i
bl
e f
o
r t
h
ei
r
con-
si
derabl
e arti
sti
c meri
t and charm .
ABOUT THE 八UTHOR :
Wel
l
-known as t
he edi
tor of The
(
Ol
i
v
e
r& Bo
y
d
,
E
d
i
n
b
u
r
g
h
,
1
9
6
_
5
,
G
r
e
e
p
o
r
l
i
o
n
g
t
y
e
d
1
o
9
f
7
0
S
)
,
c
o
P
t
r
l
o
a
f
n
e
d
s
s
or
Gor
d
on Cr
ai
g has be
en He
ad of
t
he Dep
ar
t
ment of Geol
o
gy at
t
h
e Uni
ver
s
i
t
y o
f Edi
nb
ur
gh s
i
nce
1
971.
He s
er
ved on I
UGS'
Commi
t
t
ee on St
o
r
age Pr
oc
es
s
i
n
g
and Aut
omat
i
c Ret
r
i
eval
of Geol
o
gi
cal
Dat
a (
COGEODATA)
f
r
om 1
96
7 t
o 1
97
6.
Cur
r
ent
l
y o
n a y
ear
'
s
s
abbat
i
cal
l
eave
f
r
om t
he Uni
ver
s
i
t
y of
Edi
nb
ur
gh,
Pr
of
e
s
s
or Cr
ai
g has
been
vi
s
i
t
i
ng a n
umb
er of
u
ni
ver
s
i
t
i
es i
n Nor
t
h Ame
ri
ca and
Aus
tr
al
i
a del
i
ver
i
ng l
ect
ur
es o
n James Hut
t
on an
d hi
s工上
r
e
or
y.
5